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We looked inside some of the posts by bintim-blog and here's what we found interesting.
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Terms
Postpartum Depression: Depression suffered by a mother following childbirth, typically arising from the combination of hormonal changes, psychological adjustment to motherhood, and fatigue.
Braxton Hicks are your body's "practice contractions." Your abdominal muscles tighten briefly but the cervix does not dilate. They can begin as early as the second trimester and often occur when you are tired or dehydrated or after sex.
Breech means the baby's buttocks (complete breech) or feet (footling breech) are pointing to the birth canal. Normally, the baby moves so its head is down near the birth canal for delivery.
Cesarean (C-section) is the surgical delivery of a baby through an incision in the lower abdomen and uterus.
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One fourth of the men and women reported anxiety in pregnancy, reducing to 21% of women and 8% of men after birth. Pregnancy and postpartum depression rates were roughly equal, with 11% of women and 8% of men reporting depression
Parfit
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older first-time parents are less stressed, more satisfied, and more psychologically mature than traditional-aged parents.
Drenovsky
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Lonely within the mother': An exploratory study of first-time mothers' experiences of loneliness.
In the results the authors identified three main themes: 1) unexpected difficulty and vulnerability, 2) fewer opportunities for social interaction, and 3) relationships lacking in desired qualities.
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The five participants who breastfed discovered that feeding entailed spending long periods alone, day and night, often feeling uncomfortable and concerned about whether their babies were getting enough nourishment
Lee, Katharine
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I felt alone a lot. In the beginning, in the middle of the night, you feel very alone then. Because especially if you’re doing breastfeeding yourself.
Lee, Katharine
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Critical Review
The article is on a study to understand new mothers’ experiences of loneliness. Experiences were organized around three themes, reflecting loneliness arising from making unfavorable self-comparisons with perceived mothering ‘norms’, from reduced social contact and relationships lacking in empathy. Accounts were homogeneous and point to potential solutions to ameliorate loneliness in new mothers; encouraging empathy in new mothers’ partners and countering prevalent unrealistic representations of motherhood with more pragmatic accounts.
One of the methods the authors used was qualitative cross-sectional study. They did semi-structured interviews. To understand participants experience Lee used An interpretative phenomenological analytic (IPA) approach. “IPA is an idiographic approach that seeks to understand in-depth individual experiences rather than demonstrate universal truths (Pietkiewicz and Smith, 2014).” The study seven women between the ages of 25-44. The interview focused on three areas: 1) imagined and actual mother identities, 2) experiences of loneliness and 3) coping strategies.
For the study, the authors asked the participants broad questions like “Could you tell me about the times when you feel or have felt lonely?” (Lee). A data from semi-structured interviews and an interpretative phenomenological analysis, this exploratory study sought to understand seven new mothers’ experiences of loneliness.
In the results the authors identified three main themes: 1) unexpected difficulty and vulnerability, 2) fewer opportunities for social interaction, and 3) relationships lacking in desired qualities. The participants thought that becoming a first time part was positive and they valued new experiences. But they also experienced the transition to motherhood as a challenging reality out of step with expectations. “The participants were particularly unprepared for the difficulties and anxieties associated with feeding their babies and the feelings of loneliness arising from these. The five participants who breastfed discovered that feeding entailed spending long periods alone, day and night, often feeling uncomfortable and concerned about whether their babies were getting enough nourishment (Lee).”
In conclusion, the authors found that the seven participants in this study experienced a passing but acute loneliness during the transition to motherhood. These findings suggest that highlighting more realistic representations of motherhood and supporting more empathetic emotional relationships may enhance the well-being of women during the challenging transition to motherhood.
This article relates to my final projection topic because I am focusing on first-time mothers and their experience of motherhood with any understanding. I chose this topic because I am first time more and my experience was not easy. I wish I was prepared but I wasn’t. Something that stood out to me in this article is when one of the participants said, “I felt alone a lot. In the beginning, in the middle of the night, you feel very alone then. Because especially if you’re doing breastfeeding yourself ( Lee).” This topic is very interesting because I will get to read different perspectives of motherhood and see if I could relate to them.
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it shows that increasing emphasis on abstinence education is positively correlated with teenage pregnancy and birth rate
Stanger-Hall, Kathrin
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Critical Review
The article covers how the United States ranks first among developed nations in rates of both teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. To reduce these rates, the U.S. government has funded abstinence-only sex education programs for more than a decade. However, a public controversy remains over whether this investment has been successful and whether these programs should be continued. The author shows that increasing emphasis on abstinence education is positively correlated with teenage pregnancy and birth rates. This trend remains significant after accounting for socioeconomic status, teen educational attainment, ethnic composition of the teen population, and availability of Medicaid waivers for family planning services in each state. It shows that increasing emphasis on abstinence education is positively correlated with teenage pregnancy and birth rates.
The author used quantitative data collection methods. Author assigned ordinal values from 0 through 3 to each of these four categories respectively. A higher category value indicates more emphasis on abstinence with level 3 stressing abstinence-only until marriage as the fundamental teaching standard if sex or HIV/STD education is taught. the primary emphasis of a level 2 provision is to promote abstinence in school-aged teens if sex education or HIV/STD education is taught, but discussion of contraception is not prohibited. Level 1 covers abstinence for school-aged teens as part of a comprehensive sex or HIV/STD education curriculum, which should include medically accurate information on contraception and protection from HIV/STDs. Level 0 laws on sex education and/or HIV education do not specifically mention abstinence. The results were shocking. The author found out that among the 48 states in this analysis (all U.S. states except North Dakota and Wyoming), 21 states stressed abstinence-only education in their 2005 state laws and/or policies (level 3), 7 states emphasized abstinence education (level 2), 11 states covered abstinence in the context of comprehensive sex education (level 1), and 9 states did not mention abstinence (level 0) in their state laws or policies. Also, the author found out that in 2005, level 0 states had an average teen pregnancy rate of 58.78, level 1 states averaged 56.36, level 2 states averaged 61.86 (±3.93), and level 3 states averaged 73.24 teen pregnancies per 1000 girls aged 14–19. The level of abstinence education was positively correlated with both teen pregnancy and teen birth rates indicating that abstinence education in the U.S. does not cause abstinence behavior.
I never knew that teen pregnancy rates are calculated based on reported teen birth and abortion rates, along with an estimated miscarriage rate. The author states, “We used these data to determine whether there is a significant correlation between level of prescribed abstinence education and teen pregnancy and birth rates across states. The expectation is that higher levels of abstinence education will be correlated with higher levels of abstinence behavior and thus lower levels of teen pregnancy.”
In conclusion, this study used a correlational approach to assess whether abstinence-only education is effective in reducing U.S. teen pregnancy rates. Correlation can be due to causation, but it can also be due to other underlying factors, which need to be examined. The data show that the incidence of teenage pregnancies and births remain positively correlated with the degree of abstinence education across states: The more strongly abstinence is emphasized in state laws and policies, the higher the average teenage pregnancy and birth rate.
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I thought it would be easy, babies are little and cute and can’t talk back … I wanted someone to love …I knew it [pregnancy and, then, baby] might happen…I thought Bob [father of baby] and me would be together forever.
Devito, Josephine.
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Everything is for the baby…this is how I spend my time. I never see my friends…I don’t hang out with them or talk on the cell [phone]. No one wants to hear how tired I am…they just don’t know…they just don’t get it
Devito, Josephine.
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