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We use the verb to be to express present states and conditions. We can use “am, is, are” followed by a noun, adjective, preposition, or phrase. For negative sentences we add “not” after the verb to be. To make questions we put “am, is, are” before the subject.

AM, IS, ARE — это три формы глагола to be в настоящем времени. Они не отличаются по смыслу, одинаково переводятся и означают «быть, являться, находиться, располагаться, чувствовать себя».

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DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES

In English there are three articles: a, an, and the. Articles are used before nouns or noun equivalents and are a type of adjective.

Definite article

the (before a singular or plural noun)

Indefinite article

a (before a singular noun beginning with a consonant sound) an (before a singular noun beginning with a vowel sound)

A/an — неопределенный артикль. Произошел от слова one и означает «один», «один из», «любой». Его используют с исчисляемыми существительными (то есть с теми, которые можно посчитать — «one apple» («одно яблоко»), «one banana» («один банан»)) в  единственном числе.

A ставим, если слово начинается на согласный звук; An используем, если слово начинается на гласный звук.

We use ‘the’ before a noun when:

referring to something specific

there is only one of something (e.g. the cathedral)

the noun has been mentioned before

We use ‘a/an’ before a noun when:

referring to something in general

mentioning something for the first time

describing someone’s profession (eg. I am a teacher)

Howewer

Use ‘no article’ before:

Names of languages and nationalities: Chinese, Russian (unless referring to the population of the place e.g. ‘The Italians are known for their delicious food.’).

Names of sports: cricket, baseball.

Names of subjects: Art, Mathematics.

Geographical places

When it comes to geographical places, such as countries or continents, we use ‘the’ in some cases, and no article in others. Unfortunately, there aren’t any rules to help you here – you just have to familiarise yourself with the ones that need ‘the’ or not.

Do NOT use ‘the’ before:

Lakes: Lake Geneva, Lake Placids

Mountains: Mount Fuji, Mount Everest.

Continents: Europe, Asia.

Most countries: England, Sweden.

Counties/states/provinces/regions: Oxfordshire, Catalunya, California.

Cities, towns, villages: London, Paris.

Islands: Bali, Hawaii.

Street names: Main Street, 5th Avenue.

Use ‘the’ before:

Rivers: The Nile, The Mississippi.

Mountain ranges: The Andes, The Pyrenees.

Deserts: The Sahara, The Atacama.

Oceans and seas: The Pacific, The Mediterranean.

Groups of islands: The Maldives, The Seychelles.

Some countries: The USA, The Netherlands.

Points on the globe: The Equator, The North Pole.

Geographical areas: The Middle East, The West.

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Remember, Remember, comparative adjectives describe a noun by comparing it to another noun. Superlative adjectives describe a noun by comparing it to two or more nouns to the highest or lowest degree.

When we want to compare two or more things, we can change the form of adjectives by adding –er or –es.

Comparative adjectives typically end in 'er' and are followed by the word 'than'. A Superlative Adjective is a word that describes a noun by comparing it to two or more nouns to the highest or lowest degree. Superlative adjectives typically end in 'est' and are preceded by the word 'the'

We can also use extra words like more or most and expressions like not as … as.