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Our DNA is 99.9% the same as the person next to us — and we’re surprisingly similar to a lot of other living things

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Ask Ethan: How Can I See The Quantum Universe At Home?

“Its always fun to hear about freaky quantum effects that can be demonstrated at home without big science equipment, for example, using a pair of polarized sun glasses.”

So, you want to demonstrate that the Universe is fundamentally quantum, and see it for yourself? Maybe you want to see that light is a wave, that cosmic particles exist and travel through space, that individual photons can ionize electrons, or that polarization is an inherent property of electromagnetic waves? Well, as a special pre-Christmas present, here are five experiments you can do at home to reveal a variety of aspects about the quantum Universe for yourself. The coolest one in there, in my opinion? How to build your own cloud chamber: one of the most fundamental breakthroughs in the development of 20th century particle physics!

For this week’s Ask Ethan, come learn how to investigate the quantum Universe for yourself, right at home!

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Reversibility of fluid motion in glycerin

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5 common vision myths debunked

We’ve all heard the myths and old-wives’ tales related to vision and sight, but how much of it is actually true? It’s important that we identify the authenticity of these claims, especially when it is regarding our eyes.

Think you can separate fact from fiction?

Then take a look at these 5 common misconceptions to countercheck how much you know about your eyes.

Myth 1:

Reading in the dark will damage your eyes.

Busted!

The thing about our eyes is that they’re naturally able to adjust to different levels of light. When in low light, our pupils can dilate and take in more light or constrict when there is too much of it.

It may be difficult to focus in the dark and you might get a bit of a headache from the eyestrain, but aside from that, there’s no scientific evidence to show that it can cause any long-term damage.

Myth 2:

Once you start wearing glasses and contact lenses, your eyesight will only worsen.

Busted!

There may be plenty of reasons not to wear glasses, but the fear of them damaging your eyesight is definitely not one of them. Some people believe that your vision will continue to deteriorate as a consequence of wearing glasses.

In fact, wearing glasses actually helps you see clearer, reduces your chances of squinting and even stops your myopia from getting worse. Your vision may decline over time, but that has more to do with age than your reliance on glasses or contacts. Myth debunked!

Myth 3:

It’s okay to sleep with your contact lenses on.

Busted!

Unless you’re wearing corneal reshaping contact lenses at night, sleeping with your regular contact lenses is a huge no-no. Our eyes need oxygen to breathe, and when you wear your contact lenses to sleep, it increases the chance of bacteria and other terrifying parasites from multiplying on your corneas, putting your eyes at a greater risk of infection.

Always follow the advice given to you by your optometrist and make it a routine to remove them every night before bed.

Myth 4:

Staring directly at the sun is okay if you’re wearing sunglasses.

Busted!

Not sure who perpetuated this false belief, but staring at the sun is a surefire way to go blind. Ultra-violet rays are so hazardous that retina damage can occur in just 30 to 60 seconds! Even if you were to wear sunglasses touting 100% coverage, you still won’t be able to block 100% of the sun’s rays. So keep that in mind the next time you decide to hold a staring contest against our solar system’s fiery star.

Myth 5:

Eating carrots can help improve your vision.

Busted!

Despite what generations of parents have told their kids, carrots don’t actually do much for your eyes. It wouldn’t hurt consuming them for the vitamin A content, but dark leafy greens like spinach and kale that are rich in antioxidants like vitamin C and E are actually better at maintaining a healthy vision.

This is because they contain two important carotenoids—lutein and zeaxanthin—used by the body to protect your eyes and keep them performing at their best. However, if you’re like most busy Singaporeans, you probably aren’t consuming enough of it to sustain good eye health.

A great alternative to getting your daily dose of nutrients is with supplements like BRAND’S® Lutein Essence. Packaged in a convenient bottle, with no preservatives and colouring, the liquid format aids the body’s absorption of the two ingredients essential for good eye health. What’s more, the addition of blackcurrant and vitamin E provides comfort and antioxidants to the eyes. 

The lifestyle of a working professional warrants a more focused protection against blue light and digital eye strain. Also, as we get older, our eyes become more prone to age-related eye disease, making it all the more important to protect our vision against harmful free radical damage with dietary supplements.

This story was produced in partnership with BRAND’S® Lutein Essence.

BRAND'S® Lutein Essence 6 Bottles x 60ml

SGD 22.90

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Science Busts The Biggest Myth Ever About Why Bridges Collapse

“Just four months later, under the right wind conditions, the bridge was driven at its resonant frequency, causing it to oscillate and twist uncontrollably. After undulating for over an hour, the middle section collapsed, and the bridge was destroyed. It was a testimony to the power of resonance, and has been used as a classic example in physics and engineering classes across the country ever since. Unfortunately, the story is a complete myth.”

If you’ve only ever seen one bridge collapse ever, it was probably the Tacoma Narrows Bridge. On November 7th, 1940, high, sustained winds sent the bridge from an up-and-down undulation into a twisting, rocking pattern that led to the eventual collapse of the structure. It’s been used as a classic example of resonance at work, similar to how a wine glass will shatter when exposed to the right frequency pitch. While the shattering of glass is due to resonance, and it is a real phenomenon, the numbers just don’t add up for the bridge. Instead, it’s a much more intricate phenomenon that caused that infamous bridge collapse, known as flutter. If you’ve heard the resonance explanation, you’re not alone: it’s probably the most common misconception in all of physics and engineering!

Don’t be fooled any longer. Come get the full – and correct – story today!

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Can black holes die? if not, then is it possible for black holes to continue merging and expanding until all matter in the universe is pulled into one big massive black hole? if black holes can die then what happens with the matter that has been pulled in by the gravitational force? would a white hole then be produced after the black hole dies?

Black holes can, in fact, die! The way they die, however, is theoretical and not proven, but it’s possible and it’s called Hawking radiation. To summarize // oversimplify (because it’s really complicated), according to quantum physics we know that particle-antiparticle pairs pop in and out of existence all the time, and usually annihilate each other almost immediately. They are able to come into existence by “borrowing” energy from the universe, and when they annihilate they “return” that energy back.

Now, what if a particle-antiparticle pair comes into being right at the edge of a black hole’s event horizon, and one particle falls in and the other escapes? Well, now you’ve just “created” one particle that’s entered the universe, and one particle that’s entered the black hole (and can’t escape). Since these two particles can’t annihilate, they can’t “return” their borrowed energy to the universe. However, you can’t just spontaneously create energy; it has to come from somewhere. That somewhere is, you guessed it, the black hole. So, the amount of energy in the black hole decreases by the amount of energy required to create the particle-antiparticle pair. Since mass and energy are equivalent (e=mc2), the mass of the black hole decreases ever so slightly - the mass of an electron, positron, or other subatomic particle. 

This process takes billions of years, and it will be another several billion years before we’re able to see black holes finish evaporating. This process is expected to be faster the smaller the black hole is - once a black hole is small enough, this process happens faster and faster, until the black hole gives off lots and lots of radiation and “explodes” (think: gamma rays, really bright, as bright or brighter than a supernova), and no longer exists. While this isn’t proven and is entirely theoretical, it’s pretty cool that black holes, the killers of the universe from which nothing should be able to escape, are slowly losing mass over billions and trillions of years, one subatomic mass at a time.

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Albert Einstein

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there are two types of people in the world:

-10 m/s^2 -9.8 m/s^2

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420

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we’re just a collection of a few 3D standing waves in a bit of 4D space-time

(via lsd-something-something)