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11 ESSENTIAL OILS: THEIR BENEFITS AND HOW TO USE THEM

Alternative medicine enthusiasts  have subscribed to the power of essential oils for years. But with their increasing availability (and claimed health benefits), they’re going mainstream. Essential oils are highly concentrated natural extracts from the leaves, flowers, and stems of plants. Manufacturer of Menthol Crystals in England provides in this article  information on 11 essential oils, their benefits and how best to use them.

What Are Essential Oils?

Essential oils are concentrated plant extracts. Plants are made of structural materials and phytochemicals. These chemicals have properties that not only benefit the plant but benefit people too. It takes a tremendous amount of plant material to make essential oils, which can make some of them expensive. For example:

1.      About 250 pounds of lavender flower make 1 pound  of lavender essential oil.

2.      About 5,000 pounds of rose petals or lemon balm make 1 pound of rose or lemon balm essential oils.

Benefits Of Essential Oils

Essential oils can be used in aromatherapy, a kind of complementary medicine that uses smell to improve your health or applied topically to the skin.

Studies have shown that essential oils may help:

● Boost mood;

●Improve job performance through reduced stress and increased attentiveness;

●Improve sleep;

● Kill bacteria, funguses and viruses;

● Reduce anxiety and pain;

● Reduce inflammation;

● Reduce nausea.

● Relieve headaches

Here are some common essential oils and their benefits:

1.      Lavender Oil

Lavender oil has a lot of benefits. Try adding it to a bath or diffuser as aromatherapy, adding to water to make a room spray or body spritzer, or combining with a base oil to make body oil. Lavender  can help with stress, pain and sleep. Before the discovery of antiseptics, lavender was also used as a cleaning agent in hospitals. There have also been studies that show using lavender oil ( and tea tree oil) can potentially disrupt hormones in young boys.

2.      Tea Tree Oil

Most people use tea tree oil as an antiseptic, antimicrobial or antifungal. You can also use it to help with:

● Acne : Take a cotton swab and dip it into tea tree essential oil. Then, apply it directly on the acne-this is one exception where you don’t have to dilute it. It can help resolve acne faster.

●Athelete’s foot and ringworms: Dilute it with a carrier oil (a base or vegetable oil like coconut or jojoba oil that helps dilute essential oils and put the blend on the affected skin.

 3. Frankincense Oil

Known as the “king of oils,” frankincense can help with inflammation, mood and sleep. Studies have shown that it can also improve asthma and might prevent gum disease. Frankincense oil has a woody, spicy scent and can be used as aromatherapy and can be found in skin creams. Makes sure you dilute frankincense oil before applying it to your skin.

4.Peppermint Oil

Peppermint oil is known to :

●Be an anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antimicrobial;

● Ease headaches;

●Fight fatigue;

● Lift mood;

● Reduce gut spasms;

● Support digestion;

● Support memory.

When using the oil topically , make sure you dilute it.

 5. Eucalyptus oil

Eucalyptus is a great essential oil to have on hand during cold season. It soothes a stuffed –up nose by opening  your nasal passages so you can breathe easier. It can also relieve pain and fight against herpes simplex virus. Thanks to its antimicrobial and anti inflammatory properties.Take precautions when using eucalyptus oil, making sure to dilute it before applying topically. It should not be ingested and can have dangerous  side effects on children and pets.

6. Lemon Oil

Extracted from the peel of lemons, lemon oil can be diffused into the air or applied topically to your skin with a carrier oil.

Lemon oil is known to:

● Reduce anxiety and depression;

● Reduce pain;

● Ease Nausea;

● Kill Bacteria.

A study also states that aromatherapy  of essential oils like lemon oil might improve the cognitive function of people with Alzheimer’s disease.

Lemon oil is safe for aromatherapy and topical use. But there have been some reports that lemon oil  can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight and increase your risk of sunburn. Avoid direct sunlight exposure after use. This includes lemon, lime, orange , grapefruit, lemongrass and bergamot oils.

7. Lemongrass oil

Lemongrass oil has a strong citrus scent and is known to help relieve stress, anxiety and depression. Its antibacterial properties make it a good natural remedy to heal wounds and kill bacteria. It has been shown to prevent the growth of fungus found in athlete’s foot, ringworm and jock itch.

A study found that using lemongrass oil can help reduce blood sugar in those with type 2 diabetes.

Be sure to use a carrier oil before applying to your skin.

8. Orange Oil

Orange oil is made from the rinds of the citrus fruit. It can be diffused into air, topically on the skin ( with a carrier oil) or even used as a natural cleaner in your home. Orange oil is known to:

● Kill bacteria;

● Reduce anxiety;

● Reduce pain.

9. Rosemary Oil

You’ve probably reached for  rosemary to add flavor to some of your recipes. But using rosemary oil also has some additional benefits like improving brain function, promoting hair growth, reducing pain and stress, lifting your mood and reducing joint inflammation.

Rosemary oil is safe to use in aromatherapy and topically on the skin with a carrier oil. If you’re pregnant or have epilepsy or high blood pressure, it’s advised to avoid using rosemary oil.

 10. Bergamot oil

This oil has a fruity and floral aroma, can be diffused or applied topically with a carrier oil but it can make your skin sensitive to the sun.

Bergamot oil is known to:

●Reduce anxiety;

●Lift mood;

●Lower blood pressure

11. Cedarwood Oil

Cedarwood oil, which has antioxidant and antibacterial properties, is a popular ingredient in insect repellent, shampoo and deodorant with its woodsy scent. But you can also use cedarwood oil to help with sleep and anxiety. You can use cedarwood oil  as aromatherapy as well as a topical treatment mixed with a carrier oil.

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STATISTICS AND THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF DRUG ADDICTION

National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) is the primary source of statistical information on the use of tobacco, alcohol, prescription pain relievers, and other substances (e.g., marijuana, cocaine) by the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population aged 12 or older. The survey also includes several series of questions that focus on mental health issues. NSDUH has been ongoing since 1971 and is conducted by the federal government. The survey also by ISS coaching in Lucknow collects information from residents of households and noninstitutional group quarters (e.g., shelters, rooming houses, dormitories) and from civilians living on military bases. NSDUH excludes homeless people who do not use shelters, military personnel on active duty, and residents of institutional group quarters, such as jails or prisons and long-term hospitals. From 1999 to 2019, the data were collected via face-to- face (in-person) interviews at a respondent’s place of residence using a combination of computer-assisted personal interviewing conducted by an interviewer and audio computer- assisted self-interviewing. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, an additional web data collection mode was also used to collect 2020 survey data.

 NSDUH measures:

·         use of illegal drugs, prescription drugs, alcohol, and tobacco and misuse of prescription drugs

·         substance use disorder and substance use treatment major depressive episode and depression care

·         serious psychological distress, mental illness, and mental health care

The data provide estimates of substance use and mental illness at the national, state, and substate levels. NSDUH data also help to identify the extent of substance use and mental illness among different subgroups, estimate trends over time, and determine the need for treatment services.

 Statistics On Alcohol Addiction And Abuse

Alcohol is the most widely-abused substance in the US, yet alcoholism is often left untreated. An addiction to alcohol can be detrimental to a person’s physical, mental, and social wellbeing.

·         Every year, worldwide, alcohol is the cause of 5.3% of deaths (or 1 in every 20).

·         About 300 million people throughout the world have an alcohol use disorder.

·         On average, 30 Americans die every day in an alcohol-related car accident, and 6 Americans die every day from alcohol poisoning.

·         About 88,000 people die as a result of alcohol every year in the United States.

·         About 6% of American adults (about 15 million people) have an alcohol use disorder; only about 7% of those people ever get treatment.

·         Men between the ages of 18 and 25 are most likely to binge drink and become alcoholics.

  Statistics On Nicotine Addiction And Abuse

As of 2019, anyone over the age of 21 in the US can easily purchase a box of cigarettes. Although cigarettes are legal and accessible, they cause a variety of fatal health conditions and are also addictive.

·         About 34 million Americans smoke cigarettes.

·         Each day, roughly 1,600 young people smoke a cigarette for the first time.

·         About 15% of American men and about 13% of American women smoke cigarettes.

·         People who are disabled, live below the poverty line, or lack a college education are more likely to smoke cigarettes.

·         Over 16 million Americans have a smoking-related illness.

·         Smoking cigarettes is the cause of over 480,000 deaths every year in the United States.

Drug Abuse Demographics

Drug abuse and substance disorders are more likely to affect young males

·         22% of males and 17% of females used illegal drugs or misused prescription drugs within the last year.

·         5% of people in non-metropolitan, rural counties used illegal drugs compared to 20.2% of people in larger metropolitan counties.

·         Drug use is highest among persons between the ages of 18-25 at 39% compared to persons aged 26-29, at 34%.

·         70% of users who try an illegal drug before age 13 develop a substance abuse disorder within the next 7 years compared to 27% of those who try an illegal drug after age 17.

·         47% of young people use an illegal drug by the time they graduate from high school; other users within the last 30 days include:

o    5% of 8th graders.

o    20% of 10th graders.

o    24% of 12th graders.

Starting 2014, NSDUH introduced an independent multistage area probability sample within each state and D.C. States are the first level of stratification, and each state was then stratified into approximately equally populated state sampling regions (SSRs). Census tracts within each SSR were then selected, followed by census block groups within census tracts and area segments (i.e., a collection of census blocks) within census block groups. Finally, dwelling units (DUs) were selected within segments, and within each selected DU, up to two residents who were at least 12 years old were selected for the interview. Professional interviewers conduct the face-to-face surveys, and the data are used to support prevention and treatment programs, monitor substance use trends, estimate the need for treatment, and inform public health policy.

NSDUH is representative of persons aged 12 and over in the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States, and in each state and the District of Columbia (D.C.). The survey covers residents of households (including those living in houses, townhouses, apartments, and condominiums), persons in noninstitutional group quarters (including those in shelters, boarding houses, college dormitories, migratory work camps, and halfway houses), and civilians living on military bases. Persons excluded from the survey include people experiencing homelessness who do not use shelters, active military personnel, and residents of institutional group quarters such as jails, nursing homes, mental institutions, and long-term care hospitals.

The Federal Government has conducted the survey since 1971. Over the years, the survey has undergone a series of changes. In 1999, the survey shifted from paper-and-pencil data collection to computer-assisted interviewing (CAI). With CAI, staff administer most questions with audio computer-assisted self-interviewing. This provides a confidential way to answer questions and encourages honest responses.

In 1999, the sample design expanded to include all 50 states and the District of Columbia. In 2002, the name of the survey changed from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse to NSDUH. The survey also began including a $30 incentive for respondents.

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THE EFFECTS OF PROBABILITY ON BUSINESS DECISIONS

Many businesses apply the understanding of uncertainty and probability in their business decision practices. While your focus is on formulas and statistical calculations used to define probability, underneath these lie basic concepts that determine whether -- and how much -- event interactions affect probability. Together, statistical calculations and probability concepts allow you to make good business decisions, even in times of uncertainty. Probability models can greatly help businesses in optimizing their policies and making safe decisions. Though complex, these probability methods can increase the profitability and success of a business. In this article, ISS coaching in Lucknow highlights how analytical tools such as probabilistic modeling can be effectively used for dealing with uncertainty.

THE ROLE OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

 Sales Predictions

A major application for probability distributions lies in anticipating future sales incomes. Companies of all sizes rely on sales forecasts to predict revenues, so the probability distribution of how many units the firm expects to sell in a given period can help it anticipate revenues for that period. The distribution also allows a company to see the worst and best possible outcomes and plan for both. The worst outcome could be 100 units sold in a month, while the best result could be 1,000 units sold in that month.

Risk Assessments

Probability distributions can help companies avoid negative outcomes just as they help predict positive results. Statistical analysis can also be useful in analyzing outcomes of ventures that involve substantial risks. The distribution shows which outcomes are most likely in a risky proposition and whether the rewards for taking specific actions compensate for those risks. For instance, if the probability analysis shows that the costs of launching a new project is likely to be $350,000, the company must determine whether the potential revenues will exceed that amount to make it a profitable venture.

Probability Distribution

A probability distribution is a statistical function that identifies all the conceivable outcomes and odds that a random variable will have within a specific range. This range is determined by the lowest and highest potential values for that variable. For instance, if a company expects to bring in between $100,000 and $500,000 in monthly revenue, the graph will start with $100,000 at the low end and $500,000 at the high end. The graph for a typical probability distribution resembles a bell curve, where the least likely events fall closest to the extreme ends of the range and the most likely events occur closer to the midpoint of the extremes.

Investment

The optimization of a business’s profit relies on how a business invests its resources. One important part of investing is knowing the risks involved with each type of investment. The only way a business can take these risks into account when making investment decisions is to use probability as a calculation method. After analyzing the probabilities of gain and loss associated with each investment decision, a business can apply probability models to calculate which investment or investment combinations yield the greatest expected profit.

Customer Service

Customer service may be physical customer service, such as bank window service, or virtual customer service, such as an Internet system. In either case, probability models can help a company in creating policy related to customer service. For such policies, the models of queuing theory are integral. These models allow companies to understand the efficiency related to their current system of customer service and make changes to optimize the system. If a company encounters problems with long lines or long online wait times, this may cause the company to lose customers. In this situation, queuing models become an important part of problem solving.

Competitive Strategy

Although game theory is an important part of determining company strategy, game theory lacks the inclusion of uncertainty in its models. Such a deterministic model can't allow a company to truly optimize its strategy in terms of risk. Probability models such as Markov chains allow companies to design a set of strategies that not only account for risk but are self-altering in the face of new information regarding competing companies. In addition, Markov chains allow companies to mathematically analyze long-term strategies to find which ones yield the best results.

Product Design

Product design, especially the design of complicated products such as computing devices, includes the design and arrangement of multiple components in a system. Reliability theory provides a probabilistic model that helps designers model their products in terms of the probability of failure or breakdown. This model allows for more efficient design and allows businesses to optimally draft warranties and return policies.

ABOUT PROBABILITY, STATISTICS AND CHANCE

Probability concepts are abstract ideas used to identify the degree of risk a business decision involves. In determining probability, risk is the degree to which a potential outcome differs from a benchmark expectation. You can base probability calculations on a random or full data sample. For example, consumer demand forecasts commonly use a random sampling from the target market population. However, when you’re making a purchasing decision based solely on cost, the full cost of each item determines which comes the closest to matching your cost expectation.

Mutual Exclusivity

The concept of mutually exclusivity applies if the occurrence of one event prohibits the occurrence of another event. For example, assume you have two tasks on your to-do list. Both tasks are due today and both will take the entire day to complete. Whichever task you choose to complete means the other will remain incomplete. These two tasks can’t have the same outcome. Thus, these tasks are mutually exclusive.

Dependent Events

A second concept refers to the impact two separate events have on each other. Dependent events are those in which the occurrence of one event affects -- but doesn't prevent -- the probability of the other occurring. For example, assume a five-year goal is to purchase a new building and pay the full purchase price in cash. The expected funding source is investment returns from excess sales revenue investments. The probability of the purchase happening within the five-year period depends on whether sales revenues meet projected expectations. This makes these dependent events.

Interdependent Events

Interdependent events are those in which the occurrence of one event has no effect of the probability of another event. For example, assume consumer demand for hairbrushes is falling to an all-time low. The concept of interdependence says that declining demand for hairbrushes and the probability that demand for shampoo will also decline share no relationship. In the same way, if you intend to purchase a new building by investing personal funds instead of relying on investment returns from excess sales revenues, the purchase of a new building and sales revenues share no relationship. Thus, these are now interdependent events.