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Entry 4 – Sport event infrastructure enhancement.

Every year there is always one sporting event that stands out amongst the rest in Australia, the Australian Open. Each January the city of Melbourne is surrounded by the buzz of the tournament, one important aspect that no one notices however is the infrastructure and set up of the tournament.

“Infrastructure facilities is an investment” (Nagy & Tobak. 2015). This example is a perfect explanation as what goes in each year at the Melbourne and Olympic Park. (Tennis Centre) complex. Each November the facilities surrounding the main arenas at the Tennis Centre start to be shut down to the public in preparation for the tournament around the surrounding areas of Rod Lavar arena the inside centre court needs to be transformed. In an article by (Trollope, M. 2024) he mentions how “In just over two weeks, an arena which has staged a sold-out concert is de-rigged and bumped out, re-surfaced, then fitted out with the necessary tennis paraphernalia – all in time for the first player practices.”

As explained above the ability for the complex to be transformed from its everyday use and other large-scale events to the Australian Open is vital, due to Melbourne and Olympic Park now becoming a multipurpose venue. In the textbook written by William McGuire explained how “The idea of building a new multi-purpose stadium, which can meet the requirements and expectations… is becoming a top priority.” (McGuire, W. 2018). While this is written in conjunction about New Zealand it perfectly explains how multi-purpose venues are becoming more and more popular, which is exactly what Melbourne and Olympic Park now aims for, with concerts Netball and Basketball being three of the most popular attractions at the complex outside of tennis. (City of Melbourne. 2025).

Another large-scale international event held in Melbourne outside of the Australian Open is the Formula 1 Australian Grand Prix. Hosted each year at Albert Park, the F1 annually transforms Albert Park from a public park with facilities like the VIS and MSAC to a high-profile racetrack that attracts hundreds of thousands of fans each year. As highlighted in (Fairley et al. 2011) it mentions how “initially held in South Australia, after and aggressive takeover strategy, Melbourne won the right to host the event in 1996.” As highlighted the Australian F1 grand prix is another high-stake event which turns a public setting into the facilities for an international event. Australian Grand Prix’s digital manager Joel Mackenzie highlights that the “F1 Is very trendy at the moment with exceptional growth globally.” (Drew, R. 2024).

Reference – entry 4

Drew, R. (2024). Sports Marketing Summit: ‘Pale, male, and 

stale’ – Australian Grand Prix transforms audience after 

popularity surge. Mumbrella.

Engineers Australia. (2017). Engineering the Australian Open to 

success [photograph]. Engineers Australia.

Fairley, S., Tyler, B.D., Kellett, P & D’Elia, K. (2011). The 

Formula One Australian Grand Prix: Exploring the triple. 

bottom line. Sport Management Review, 14(2).

Mercure Hotel. (2025). Albert Park – description. Mercure 

Hotel.

McGuire, W. (2018). The Multi-Purpose Sports Stadium. Master 

Thesis,1(1), 10.

Nagy, A & Tobak, J. (2015). The role of sport infrastructure: use, 

preferences and needs. AgEcon Search, 9(1), 52.

Racing Now 365. (2022). What time does that 2022 F1 Australian GP 

start? [Photograph]. Racing Now 365.

Trollope, M. (2024). From Concert to tennis mode: The transformation of Rod Lavar Arena. Australian Open.

What’s On. (2025). Melbourne and Olympic Parks. City of Melbourne.

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Entry 3 – Sports fan activation innovation at a sports event (sports events)

When overlooking sports in Australia, one thing that stands out at sporting events is the different activations that are available for the fans. (Cortex. 2024) explains how “fan activation means transforming fans from regular, everyday supporters into fully engaged, passionate ambassadors.”

Fan engagement is a very important factor for any sporting event. “Sport fans are unique consumers due to their emotional and psychological connection to the team(s) they support.” (Samra & Wos. 2014) in (Clarke et al. 2021). This explanation from Clarke perfectly analyses how important the fans are to the teams and how important teams are to the fans. 

Fan activations however can be much more than the generic jumping castle or face painting outside the arena drawing the attention to fans. The fan activations can also be a way for the organisations to promote their sponsors and other smaller businesses to the next level.

The example above is of a fan meet and greet that was partnered by small business Herdez and its campaign. In an article written by (Yoshida et al. 2015). It explains how fan activations is a form of ‘Sport marketing’ and a way for “brand equity… of team sponsored fan appreciation events… that in turn affects four community-related behaviours (fan community engagement, enhanced product use, member responsibility, and positive word or mouth).”

As mentioned, there are many ways that activations are possible and can engage with its fans, as mentioned by (crowdmanager. 2025) It explains how fan engagement in sports “is the practice of providing a comprehensive and enjoyable experience for fans throughout their journey with a sports organisation… this can ultimately lead to increased revenue for the organisation through ticket sales, merchandise purchases, and other fan spreading.” 

Reference – entry 3

Formula 1 Australian Grand Prix. (2025, February 24). New 

way to experience the thrill of Formula 1 in Melbourne. 

Formula 1 Australian Grand Prix.

https://www.grandprix.com.au/fan-zone/news/a-new-way-to-experience-the-thrill-of-formula-1-in-melbourne

Formula 1 Australian Grand Prix. (2025, February 24). New 

way to experience the thrill of Formula 1 in Melbourne [Photograph] Formula 1 Australian Grand Prix.

https://www.grandprix.com.au/fan-zone/news/a-new-way-to-experience-the-thrill-of-formula-1-in-melbourne

Clarke, E., Geurin, A.N & Burch, L.M. (2021). Team 

Identification, motivates, and behaviour: competitive.

analysis of fans of men’s and women’s sport. Managing Sport and Leisure, 29(3).

Cortex. (2024, October 23). How to guide: 5 fan activation 

strategies to boost engagement. Cortex Tech.

Yoshida, M., Gordon, B., James, J.D & Heere, B. (2015). Sport 

Fans and their behaviour in Fan Communities. Sports

Management and sports humanities, 1(1).

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Entry 2 – Technology advancements in venue (Sport Venue)

Over recent years we have seen more stadiums come to life. Mercedes Benz Stadium, Sofi Stadium, Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, and Intuit Dome. The common denominator between each of these venues is that they all incorporated technological advancement. From the closure of a roof to the biggest screen in a football stadium where every seat has a clear view to even walking into a venue through face ID. These examples above are a perfect example as to how technology is now merely ruling newer sporting venues being built.

Intuit Dome is arguably the most technologically advanced sporting venue in the world currently. (Keating. 2024) mentions how Intuit Dome is “Packed with cutting-edge features that set a new standard for sports venues everywhere.” The venue is one that is unlike any other. One of the important technological advancements is the Face ID recognition. (Mahmood et al. 2014) talks about face recognition as an “algorithm to match the faces of players with a database of players’ faces which also stores personal information of each player.” While the reference by Mahmood is based on player athletes, this is exactly what Intuit Dome has initiated through. their app to set up the face ID which is your ticket into the  venue while also storing your data.

One of the enormous features is the innovation of the double-sided halo big screen. Mentioned by (Daktronics, 2025) of it being “almost a full acre… that will build the ultimate fan experience at Intuit Dome.” In conjunction with building the ultimate fan experience, LA Clippers owner Steve Ballmer only ever had one vision for the venue, which is to make sure fans spend as much time in their seats as possible. A main contributor to achieving this realist goal is through the use of newly introduced ‘Amazon Go’. Described as “Armed only with smartphone app tied to a credit card, a customer could enter the store, select merchandise from the aisles… and just walk out – no lines, no waiting no cashier.” (Ives et al. 2019).

Another significant benefit of fan engagement is through the armrests on the seats. The armrest at the arena is equipped with phone charger ports. They are also equipped with buttons and lights to allow fans to engage throughout the game especially during timeouts and breaks by using the prompts that are portrayed on the big screen.

(Pixmob, 2025) While discussing the use of technology at the venue it is also a solution to build the rapid growth through fan experience. (Hellekson, K. 2018) explains how “fan experience varies greatly, it revolves around the fandom, the community fans create.” This reference meaning that fan experience is vital anywhere you go but also about how it can shape a difference on how many people show up to a game.

Reference – entry 2

Hellekson, K. (2018). The Fan Experience, A companion to media fandom and fan studios. 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119237211.ch4

Ives, B., Cossick, K & Adams, D. (2019). Amazing Go: Disrupting retail? Journal of Information Technology teaching cases, 9(1).

Kapustka, P. (2024). Intuit Dome leaning on facial authentication for ticketing and 

concession transactions [Photograph] Stadium Tech Report.

Keating, A. (2024). Intuit Dome to open with Innovative HVAC Sustainability features. Trade 

Journal, 283(1).

LA Clippers. (2025). Largest Ever Double-Sided Arena Halo Display. Daktronics.

Mahmood, Z., Ali, T., Khan, S.U., Hasan, L & Khattak (2014). Automatic player 

detection and identification for sports entertainment applications. Pattern 

Analysis and Applications, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-014-0416-4

Pixmob (2024). The Arena of the Future is Lit [Photograph] Pixmob.

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Entry 1- Design Innovation of a sports venue. (Sport Venue)

Over recent years we have seen many different venues around the world being built or renovated. One of the most talked about venues in recent years is the $5.5 Billion, 70,000 seat Sofi Stadium located in southern California. The stadium is “one of the two newest venues in the National Football League.” (Zwickl, J. 2021).

The reason as to why the design factor is so important is due to the reason of the location of the stadium being in Inglewood California “4 miles (6.4km) from Los Angeles International Airport” (Wikipedia. 2025). As mentioned, the location being so close to LAX is a main reason the FAA’s height restriction that “the seating bowl sits 100-feet below the existing grade.”

Another factor about the location of the stadium, is it being located close to the San Andreas Fault line causing the city of Los Angeles being at risk of frequent earthquakes. The design accommodates this as mentioned in (HKS, 2022). The stadium’s roof doesn’t touch its wall, which allows for it to be “completely free-standing, hovering above… the massive venue… held up by 37 massive earthquake-resisient columns.” HKS also outlines in their article that “if there’s a temblor, the roof and stadium move completely independently.”

As mentioned, Sofi is a one-of-a-kind type of stadium with its design, as stated it accommodates 70,000 patrons for NFL football, however could “accommodate up to 100,000 spectators for concerts” (Pacheco, A. 2016). Due to its large seating capacity to accommodate tens of thousands of fans per event the seating capacity is also an integral part of the design allowing more fans to watch live sport. In the journal article (Eze, J.U & Eze, W.U. 2024) mentions how “Sports is a bridge-builder… because it can pull people together.” The reference by Eze, is a perfect indication due to the NFL being a widely populated sporting cooperation that attracts millions of fans worldwide each year, bring people together through their mutral love for not only the NFL but for sports in general.

Newly built stadiums however are now found all over the world. The newly built Optus Stadium, “A multi-purpose stadium in… Perth Western Australia.” (Wikipedia. 2025). It was “awarded the Most Beautiful Stadium in World in 2019” due to its modern design and technology (Optus Stadium. 2025). As shown the ability to have modern newly built stadiums is displayed all over the world.

Reference – entry 1

Eze, J.U & Eze, W.U. (2024). Nation Building: The Catalytic 

Role of Sports. International Journal of Human Kinetics 

and Health Education, 9(1).

https://journals.aphriapub.com/index.php/IJoHKHE/article/view/2646

HKS. (2025). Sofi Stadium – An Unrivaled Sports & 

Entertainment Destination & Homage to Southern California. HKS.

HKS. (2022, January 31). Seven Surprising Things about SoFi 

Stadium’s design. HKS.

InfraBuild. (2019, August 7). Optus Stadium, ‘world’s most 

beautiful’. InfraBuild.

world-s-most-beautiful/

Jackson, S. (2021, December 15). New SoFi Stadium COVID-

19 testing policies to take effect for Rams vs Seahawks.

[Photograph]. Los Angeles Rams.

Optus Stadium. (2025). Optus Stadium. Optus Stadium.

Pacheco, A. (2016, November 22). Los Angeles Rams stadium 

breaks ground. The Architect’s Newspaper.

Wikipedia. (2025). Perth Stadium – Optus Stadium. Wikipedia.

Wikipedia. (2025). Sofi Stadium. Wikipedia.

Zwickl, J. (2021). The SoFi Stadium Perimeter Wall. GeoStrata 

Magazine Archive, 25(5).

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Week 12 - Live Stream + Reference

“One of the primary benefits of LVS (Live Video Streaming) is the ability to generate interactions between streamers and viewers, as well as between viewers and viewers in real-time.” Chen et al., (2024). This is exactly what live streaming is and how although it is through a screen it can have a benefitual impact on the streamer and the viewer. 

During week 12 we were each asked to plan and produced a 2–3-minute live stream video on one of our social channels. With my personal social media account having the largest following on Instagram, I decided to do my 3-minute live stream on the social media app Instagram. As described by (Australian Government., 2024) “An online social network is a website or app that allows a user to create and share content online.”

Gilbert., (2019) explains how with more than 3 billion users worldwide, social media has transformed marketing…  offering individuals and organisations alike the ability to attract, convert, and transform consumers effectively and affordably. The explanation outlines as to the reason how important social media has on organisations. 

As previously discussed, it is evident due to the findings in the quote highlighted in Gilbert., (2019) just how much Organisations can use the ability of live streaming to connect with their fans and wider audience. 

The ability to livestream sports is very prominent nowadays and even external to sporting organisations. “My Sport Live provides an outlet for sports organisations and event promoters to stream live events on the internet… it provides an end-to-end service to take a sporting event into the living rooms and pockets of sport customers live.” (VicSport., 2024).

Week 12 - Reference:

Australian Government., (2019). Social Media.

Chen, V.J., Pham, D.T., & Tran, S.T.T., (2024). Building Consumer 

Engagement in Live Streaming on Social Media: A Comparison of Facebook and Instagram Live.International Journal of Human – Computer Interaction.

Gilbert, M.A., (2019). Strengthening your social media marketing with live streaming 

video. Smart technologies and innovation for a sustainable future.

VicSport., (2024). Multimedia and live streaming.

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Week 9 - Video Interview Edit + Reference

Nearing the end of the semester was week 9 and our focus was the introduction to a new activity, Video Editing. The previous week in week 8 say the introduction of Interviewing, as what is described as “a meeting at which information is obtained (by a reporter, television commentator, or pollster) from a person.” Merriam-Webster., (2024). The activity of the editing in week 9 saw myself develop a new skill of video editing.

The process of editing, “requires a model capable of generating target content…” Liu et al., (2023). The editing process was very interesting, the week prior saw me record a 3-minute interview of a classmate and the editing activity allowed us to edit the video down from 3 minutes to 2 minutes as well as including graphics and overlay to the video.

The software that was used for the editing of he video was done through the digital software provider of ‘Adobe Premiere Pro’. Smith., (2024), Describes Premiere Pro as “a software application for video editing… is used for editing videos, commercials and other film.” 

The skills learnt included those such as how to include graphics, cut out parts of the interview and how to add overlay to the video. Overlay, as described by Tella., (2024), “A technique where multiple video clips or images are layered over one another.”

Week 9 – Reference:

Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Li, W., Lin, Z., & Jia, J., (2023). Video-P2P: Video 

Editing with the Cross-attention Control. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Merriam-Webster., (2024). Interview.

Smith, C., (2024). What is Premiere Pro. American Graphics Institute.

Tella., (2024). Overlay definition – Video Editing Explained.

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Week 6 - Photos + References

Week 6, Photos. Some may argue that at first photos may been portrayed as the easiest activities throughout the entire semester. As easy as photos may seem as, perceived by Brogie., (2024) the average person takes roughly 20.2 photos per day. 

Although taking photos was perceived as easy and the photos required was to be, a human, and animal, a landscape, and an object of any kind. Each of these requirements also had rules in which they had to follow, Rule of Symmetry, rule of thirds, frame within a frame and a photo that should tell a story. 

Each of these rules that were required in the 4 photos are just as important as anything else, as these rules are what makes photographers great. Mai et al., (2011) explains how the Rule of thirds is one of the most important composition rules used by photographers to create high quality photos.”

The photograph although being my first time applying these requirements in my photos, I believe came out well. Another important requirement that was required in my photos was a photo that tells a story. “Storytelling photography prioritizes the narrative and emotional impact of the image.” (Pop photography., 2024). Each of these requirements are all parts of the activity that gained me extra knowledge on the subject was how to apply these, for instance I learnt that to apply the rule of thirds a person has to turn their grids of their camera on. The rule ok thirds are also a rule that I have since implemented in each photo I take.

Week 6 - Reference

Brogie, M., (2024). Average Number of Photos Taken Per Day Around 

the World. Repsly.

Mai, L., Le, H., Niu, Y., Liu, F., (2011). Rule of thirds detection from 

photograph. IEEE International symposium on multimedia.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6123330

Pop Photography., (2024). What is Storytelling Photography.

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Week 4 - Podcast Audio + References

A podcast, as described by (Merriam-webster., 2024) is a program which is  made available in digital format for automatic download over the internet. That is what week 4 of Digital media class provided us the opportunity to create, a 20-minute recording about sport within a group of 3-4.

“Podcasts offers a fantastic opportunity to cut through the level of noise that exits online, build an audience, drive engagement and essentially drive your desired outcome.” As noted by Rowles and Rogers., (2019).

The group of 4 of us, all had to spend time to brainstorm, plan and record the audio podcast. Irelan., (2022), explains that with your podcast, you should do some serious planning.

During this week of content, I enjoyed the process it took to produce my own podcast which is such a focused piece of content in the modern era of technology and social media. Many important skills were obtained such as the process it takes to make it happen, the way to set up the audio, and how to make it all come to life with the sound testings to the extent of the record. Most importantly I developed a learning of the proper use of microphones, and how the audio of microphones and podcasts are stored on an MP3. “A kind of technology which enables you to record…” (Collins., 2024).

Week 4 – Reference:

Collins., (2024). Definition of ‘MP3’.

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary

Irelan, R., (2012). Planning your podcast. In podcast Academy: The 

Business Podcasting Book.

Merrian-Webster., (2024). Podcast meaning.

Rowles, D., & Rogers, C., (2019). Podcasting marketing strategy: A 

complete guide to creating, publishing, and monetizing a successful podcast. Kogan Page Publishes. P6.

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Week 3 - Interactive Article + References

The article that I produced is one that I have a strong passion for. The weekly activity was to write an interactive article on a sporting event or moment. Conlen., (2018) states that “the web has matured as a publishing platform: news outlets regularly publish rich, interactive stories…”

The article that written was titled the ‘Carlton Football Club Comeback.’ When researching the meaning and what is an interactive content, (Dhir., 2021) highlights the meaning as a way that “allows people to connect with others or organisations by them active participants in the media they consume…”

The Interactive article taught me examples as to how to engage the audience more, as well as linking statistics, videos, and graphs within the article. These are done through adding what you want to your article via a hyperlink. (Burke., 2022) explains that “these actions and reactions involve the reader in the article, immerse them within it and when done right will hold their attention.” 

A lesson learnt was how to produce my own website which would be the place to produce my article from. Websites, like the one that was created are a place a person could read interactive articles and blogs as such on different topics. 

Week 3 – Reference:

Conlen, M., Heer, J., (2018). Idyll: A Markup Language for Authoring and 

Publishing Interactive Articles on the Web. In Proceedings on the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface software and Technology.

Dhir, R., (2021). Interactive Media: Definition, Types, and Examples.

Investopedia.

Burke, C., (2022). 9 Design Techniques Used to Create Interactive 

Articles (with Examples). Vev.

/post/carlton-football-club-comeback

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Week 2 - Social Media Graphics + References

The example of from Tafesse., (2015) in Mitrović et al ., (2020), outlines the meaning on digital content through, “Social media enables bringing together a large number of people from different backgrounds to design, modify, share and discuss internet content.” This example is a key aspect into how social media graphics are the number one thing most sporting organisations use to capture the audience of their fans, as it brings everyone together. “The specific group of people that you want to reach with your marketing messages.” As described by Zedex Info PvT. Ltd., 2023).

As displayed by my social media digital designs I used the thought process of how organisation would capture ones audience by displaying an individual players statistic from a game, a post dedicated to players making their debut and to conclude with a post that is dedicated to their sponsors. Throughout the process of creating the pieces of content I learnt different skills such as, Alignment, contrast, and balance just to name a few.

Kumar and Mircharndani., (2012), goes through and explain in key detail that “an effective social media strategy should clearly define the marketing objectives, evaluate the opportunities, and select an appropriate form of social media to communicate. All the created pieces of content are very common pieces that are displayed among sporting Organisations social media accounts.

Week 2 – Reference:

Kumar, V., Mirchandani, R., (2012). Increasing the ROI of Social Media 

Marketing. MIT Sloan management review, 54(1), 55.

Mitrović, K., Jakšić, A., Spajić, J., (2020). The Analysis of Graphic 

Design Platforms Used in Social Media marketing. International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design.

Zedex Info PvT. Ltd. What is Target Audience, in Digital Marketing. 

LinkedIn.