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Online Essay - males spend more time on advanced communication technologies than females

Along with the enhancement of technology and life quality, an increasing number of individuals tend to spend their time on communication technology, such as mobile phones and computers. It is regarded as a fact that gender has a relation with new communication technology (Scott& Rockwell, 1997). The argument of this essay is that males spend more time on communication technology than females because of differences in attitudes. In this essay, it will fully investigate this argument and make a final judgment.

  During the past several decades, communication technologies have brought about significant effects on human’s life. The benefits and possibilities taken by computers and internet could be easily observed. It is also seen true that these new communication technologies would result in anxiety about present and future projections, with negative attitudes towards new communication technologies. However, for males, they tend to hold more positive perspectives of computers and internet than females and males tend to spend more time on this (McIlroy et al, 2001). A huge number of studies produced between the 1980s and the 1990s reveal that gender differences exist in utilizing new communication technologies. A finding showed that boys held much more positive attitudes towards communication technologies than girls, which also means that girls are less motivated and driven to absorb computer skills and knowledge and negative attitudes toward the utilization of computers and mobile phones (Comber et al, 1997). Another finding is that males regard computers and mobiles as something fun, interesting, comprehensible and more significant, which is seen as not that important in females’ eyes. Also, less computer anxiety and more computer confidence are achieved by men. Thus, more time will be spent on communication technology in the men’s world. For females, a less amount of feelings are obtained regarding advanced technology. A sense of indifference towards communication technology, including computers and network, could arise among girls, who are less interested in this area (Levin& Gordon, 1989). In the meantime, undergraduate females are found to feel more helpless around computers and network according to a research, pointing out that new communication technology cause them a sense of nerves and uncomfortableness. This research revealed that women had lower self-confidence in their ability to use a computer, which made them have to spend less time on those new advanced technology. It also found out that males are fond of investing their time on their own preferences. For some boys, their interests are work and studies, including the application of computer uses on those purposes. They need to spend more time on work and studies since mobile phone applications and computers are necessary for their assignments, while females tend to do spend less time since more time are expended on paper studies instead of high technology devices (Shashaani& Khalili, 2001). Also, significant gender differences in the affection, perceived control, and behaviour subscales in favour of men. Male students were found to be less Internet anxious, more Internet confident and more frequent online visitors. Attitudes play significant roles since boys show their interests, while girls show less positive attitudes towards high technology, which results in the gap between the time spent on those technologies between males and females (Broos, 2005).

  However, some evidence to argue against the above statement could also be found. In a research investigating the attitudes towards advanced communication technologies between males and females respectively, it found that no differences in attitudes are shown in terms of computer tasks, even though evidences that boys seem to gain more experience in this field than girls are accumulated. Even though boys also obtain encouragement regarding computer tasks, the attitudes towards this are equivalent for both males and females and also, the time spent on communication technology is the same (Busch, 1995). Similar to this finding, another piece of proof shows that gender difference is not a weighted factor when deciding whether males spend more time than females. In terms of the time spent on communication technologies, potential usefulness of this technology plays a significant role, while gender differences could not be found, either. However, it has to admit that males achieve higher scores than females regarding the utility of communication technologies (Tsai& Lin, 2001). Moreover, another researcher, Mr. Chen, found rare evidence that attitude difference could influence the time spent on computers and other technological devices, Even though boys are less anxious about advanced technologies, it does not show that females spend less time on modern technologies. Those men interested in this area provide more self-confidence and less anxiety than women with negative attitudes. However, the time spent on technology for men and women is similar, which means that attitudes really cannot cause any difference in the time.  This also means that results for men and women at lower levels of passion indicated the same pattern, though not as pronounced (Chen, 1986). A finding researching the relationship between the time spent on communication technologies for males and females and the attitude differences reveal that these two have no direct relations. Especially in the areas of computer skills and mobile phone applications, no difference could be observed (Broos, 2005). Thus, this perspective holders agree that attitude differences in communication technologies do not play a significant role in the time spent on these advances for men and women.

  Even though some evidences about how attitude difference does not influence time spent on communication technologies have been gained, more research findings support the claim that attitude differences could result in the timing disparity. For both men and women, time differences exist due to some attitude differences, for example, a stronger sense of computer networks and an intense amount of interests could lead boys to spend more time on advanced communication technologies. By way of conclusion, according to the findings in the research, it supports the argument that males spend more time on advanced communication technologies than females due to attitude differences.

    Reference List

Broos, A. (2005). Gender and information and communication technologies (ICT) anxiety: Male self-assurance and female hesitation. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8(1), 21-31.

Busch, T. (1995). Gender differences in self-efficacy and attitudes toward computers. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 12:147–158.

Chen, M. (1986). Gender and computers: the beneficial effects of experience on attitudes. Journal of Educational Computing Research. 2:265–282.

Comber, C., Colley, A., Hargreaves, D.J., et al. (1997). The effects of age, gender and computer experience upon computer attitudes. Educational Research 39:123–133.

Levin, T., & Gordon, C. (1989). Effect of gender and computer experience on attitudes toward computers. Journal of Educational Computing Research 5:69–88.

McIlroy, D., Bunting, B., Tierney, K., et al. (2001). The relation of gender and background experience to self-reported computer anxieties and cognitions. Computers in Human Behavior 17:21–33.

Scott, C. R., & Rockwell, S. C. (1997). The effect of communication, writing, and technology apprehension on likelihood to use new communication technologies. Communication education, 46(1), 44-62.

Shashaani, L., & Khalili, A. (2001). Gender and computers: similarities and differences in Iranian college students’ attitudes toward computers. Computers &Education. 37:363–375

Tsai, C., Lin, S.S.J., & Tsai, M. (2001). Developing an Internet attitude scale for high school students. Computers and Education. 37:41–51.

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Essay Topic

I decide Gender & new communication technology as my essay's starting point. The argument of this essay is that males spend more time on communication technology than females because of differences in attitudes. In this essay, it will fully investigate this argument and make a final judgment.

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TASK 10

Save Our Spit - Stop all plans to build a Cruise Terminal at the Spit, Gold Coast, QLD.

This e-petition is going to talk about protect our beaches, parks and waterways from irresponsible development. The reason why I sign this e-petition is because I think the environment is very important in the whole world not only in gold coast.If we invest more energy and money on it.We can make people learn more about the way to protect and the importance of protection.This influence just likes virus that can spread very quickly.The effect of this action is people can realize they are the same thing,protect environment in anywhere.This e-petition also show the reasons for signing at the end.We can communicate in here to stop destroy the environment like spit in gold coast.

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TASK 9

On September 19th in 2012, there was a campaign called "save our spit" was originated by Mayor Tom Tate.It purpose is to protect our waterways,beaches and open spaces which label in the title in saveourspit.com.It also shows the title "Say 'NO' to a cruise ship terminal on the GOLD COAST.In my opinion, this “SAVE OUR SPIT campaign” is a successful campaign in GOLD COAST.The illustration in this campaign is very clearly.It is not only tell the history about this campaign but also the solution.To explain complete proceeding of this campaign,documents include News.Newsletters,Events and Government documents are provided to download.As we know,nowadays the most efficient and persuasive way to protect environment is to give more information to advise people on environment.There is one thing left which i think is not enough.The campaign's focus is all in internet.It has very little publicity around our daily life in gold coast.I think if this campaign can publish more news and reports in newspapers and posters,it might be better to expand effects.In summary,it real provide a good backing on their effort.I hope it can get further with the support by people.

Reference：

Website SEO Gold Coast

Retrieved from:

http://www.saveourspit.com/index.html

https://www.facebook.com/SaveOurSpit

http://www.paradiseisles.com.au/news-blog/gold_coast_news_save_our_spit-_

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The link is shared above which is made by Seowoo.She is one of my lovely classmates.Her survey is about social media use.Questions from her survey can point out usage information about social media use.It is very useful for providers to find out more about their users and make a further big changes.The question 3 and 4 are linked together well.But it has weaknesses in these two questions.If people chose NO,they do not have to answer the question 4.So I think the question 4 should also ask negative influence which is linked to question 3.Then what ever people chose YES or NO,they have to give an answer to both.It can give the questioner a detailed answer to analyze.In general,Seowoo's survey is good but needs more improvement.

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TASK 7 Responses

There are three multiple choice questions that I made in my survey.We can see the responses above were done by three people.There is an answer was skipped in the third question and I don’t know why.The purpose of this survey is the way for me to have a better understanding of social media use.

We can begin our analysis with the first question.The answers showed three people use different social media tools include Facebook,Skype and Wechat.All three social media tools can communicate with others online.My next question is the purpose for business or personal and all answers are person usage.It’s obvious that most people use social media tools for their daily life.As far as I’m concerned,I think the reason is people can find themselves in social media.People are playing a role of the mask in society today.One of the way to relax their mind and soul is active in social media.In social network,users can publish,consumption,comments to spread the word,these functions are the core of social network information dissemination.Then I made the last question for gaining the rate.

On the basis of my answers,I realize the biggest problem I have is the question is not constructive.People cannot be able to express their views in this survey.I will make more kind of questions used for surveying.

In summary,I think Survey Monkey is simple and easy to operate.It might be my tool to know people’s focus in social media in the future.

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TASK 6

There is a lengthy article about interpretation of Cyberpunk .We know the definition of Cyberpunk but we don't know the clear evolution of Cyberpunk in the past 30 years.The author discussed the theory and influence in what happened to Cyberpunk.It has become a cultural phenomenon by successfully crossing into the cyberspace.Or,called the counterculture.

The author explains the values of our existing in the Cyberpunk and the growth experience of young people that like teenagers of any era, they were going to be selfish, morally vacuous, and cynical.As time went on,some of the teenagers who grew up reading William Gibson, Rudy Rucker, and Bruce Sterling became the adults who run the world.So, until that point,their growths are carried out.

See further explanation of this article that is Cyberpunk is under our noses.There are some vital issues in 2014 such as privacy and security online,equal rights as human beings and failures of the system to provide for the very poor.Even the struggle to establish identity that is not dependent on a technological framework.As we know, William Gibson and Neal Stephenson don’t write science fiction anymore.So why we still have to live in the Cyberpunk?

Reference：

CLAIRE L. EVANS,(June 8, 2012),What Happened to Cyberpunk?

Bruce Bethke,(1997),The Etymology of "Cyberpunk"

Michelle Webb,(2014),Cyberpunk Cinema: Valuing The Virtual

Retrieved from:

http://motherboard.vice.com/blog/what-happened-to-cyberpunk--2

http://www.brucebethke.com/articles/re_cp.html

http://the-artifice.com/cyberpunk-cinema/

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https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/965904

Reference：

James Patrick Kell.（2013).Who Owns Cyberpunk?

Barbara Lisele Zavala.(2003).Eighties Cyberpunk,

John.McCoy (1995), The Eyes Tell All

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TAKS 4

Cloud computing is currently being used by a large number of organizations.We can know the importance of cloud computing in our network life in this article.Linked to cloud computing and new communication technologies.It is also very helpful for studying this course.We learnt lots of histories of computing last week but we don't know the easy way to use it.From this article,it defines could computing,various services available on the cloud infrastructure,and the Cloud computing is fundamentally changing the way we think about computing. It allows Information Communications Technology (ICT) to be delivered over the Internet and be consumed as a service, on demand, across a wide range of devices.In conclusion,cloud computing has a great effect on which can make new communication technologies easy to operate.

Reference:

V. Rajaraman.(30 Apr 2014).Cloud computing

Retrieved from:

http://link.springer.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/article/10.1007%2Fs12045-014-0030-1

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TASK 3

This week's theme was able to focus new technology on 'The History Of Computers'.In this article,there are so many histories of computers and technologies are mentioned.As we know,thousands of years ago calculations were done using branch and people’s fingers. Technology has developed so much that today the most complicated computations are done within seconds. Human dependency on computers is increasing everyday. We can think how difficult to live without a computer. We owe the advancements of computers and other such electronic devices to the intelligence of men of the past.

The history of the computer dates back all the way to the prehistoric times. The first step towards the development of the computer, the abacus, was developed in Babylonia in 500 B.C. and functioned as a simple counting tool. It was not until thousands of years later that the first calculator was produced.Up to the twentieth century,the twentieth century was a time of invention and innovation.The first computer was built by Alan Turing's information theory from the 1930's to the 1950's.Apart from the histories,it also referred to the important status of the computer just like building relationships with others.

In conclusion,the development of computer technology has provided the precondition for modern science and more theoretical and experimental research will always be conducted.

Reference:

MICHAEL S. MAHONEY (1998).The History of Computing in the History of Technology

Retrieved from: http://www.thecorememory.com/HCHT.pdf

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TASK 2

View social media from this video, we can know that social media like Facebook. Instagram and Skype are very convenient for us to connect to others in a matter of seconds in our daily life. As everyone knows, in the one hundred years ago we can only use the letter to submit. It's very time-consuming and insecurity.If there has some important things, we are unable to spread quickly in the past. Losses it is self-evident. By the development of technology, we can spread quickly through the new media now.This is a century of revolution.

Another important feature of the new media is that it allows us to see what others are doing on the other side of the world.People can chat through video on Facebook or other softwares on the other side of the ocean.It shortens the distance between people. We also can know others’ everyday life on Facebook if they share the photos.

I'm very agree with the author’s view in this video which makes our life better.

References:  

Clark,L.  [Lucy Clark]. (2014,October 15). New Communication Technologies Video [video file]. Retrieved from

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pW3rBm_LPPY

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TASK 1

With the production development and scientific advancement, product of communication technology is updating very quickly.I appreciate most of product of new communication.In particular,the invention and development of camera and computer are extraordinarily useful for people to use.When I began to have memories,there is an electronic product which is called mobile phone came into my life.I felt the importance and usefulness of a mobile phone. It really impacted my life when I was a child even it became a part of my life of my childhood.

Antique radio is my grandfather's favorite.I used to listen to the broadcast such as stories and Beijing opera by radio with my grandfather when i was young.I was very confused why it can make a sound.I haven't listened to the broadcast for so many years because the fast development lets me forget it.It is easy to feel trampled by the relentless march of technology.It's time to slow down to have a look back before,maybe listen to the broadcast is a good choice.

We know that 2014 was an extraordinary year.Apple Corp launched a new generation of product that is APPLE WATCH.This product has too many scientific and technological functions include Health, Calendar, Weather, Mail, Photos and GPS. It also allows the users to communicate any place,anytime.Let's see if it has been worth the wait.

Reference:

Mcgaughey, W. (n.d.). Some date in the history of cultural technologies. Retrieved from

http://worldhistorysite.com/culttech.html

Bellis, M. (n.d.). The history of communication. Retrieved from 

http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_history_of_com