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Dexamethasone could be the first life-saving drug for COVID-19

In a major breakthrough in COVID-19 treatment, scientists in UK have claimed that Dexamethasone, a steroid, reduced deaths by up to one third in severely ill hospitalised patients. The results are a part of UK-based RECOVERY trial, one of the world’s largest randomised trial of drugs to treat COVID-19 patients.

This is the same study that earlier this month showed the malaria drug hydroxychloroquine was not working against the coronavirus.

In the trial, led by a team from Oxford University, 2,104 patients were given dexamethasone and were compared with 4,321 patients who did not receive the drug. For patients on ventilators, the treatment was shown to reduce mortality by about one third, and for patients requiring only oxygen, mortality was cut by about one fifth, according to preliminary findings shared with WHO.

The data further showed for patients on ventilators, it cut the risk of death from 40 per cent to 28 per cent. For patients needing oxygen, it cut the risk of death from 25 per cent to 20 per cent.

The benefit was only seen in patients seriously ill with COVID-19, and was not observed in patients with milder disease.

Researchers estimate that the drug will prevent one death for every eight patients treated while on breathing machines and one for every 25 patients on extra oxygen alone, AP reported.

“This is the first treatment to be shown to reduce mortality in patients with COVID-19 requiring oxygen or ventilator support,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “This is great news and I congratulate the Government of the UK, the University of Oxford, and the many hospitals and patients in the UK who have contributed to this lifesaving scientific breakthrough.”

"WHO will coordinate a meta-analysis to increase our overall understanding of this intervention. WHO clinical guidance will be updated to reflect how and when the drug should be used in COVID-19," said the world health body.

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Face masks critical in preventing spread of COVID-19.

A study, published in *PNAS*, by a team of researchers led by a Texas A&M University professor has found that not wearing a face mask dramatically increases a person's chances of being infected by the COVID-19 virus.

The team examined the chances of COVID-19 infection and how the virus is easily passed from person to person. From trends and mitigation procedures in China, Italy and New York City, the researchers found that using a face mask reduced the number of infections by more than 78,000 in Italy from April 6-May 9 and by over 66,000 in New York City from April 17-May 9.

"Our results clearly show that airborne transmission via respiratory aerosols represents the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19," Zhang said. "By analyzing the pandemic trends without face-covering using the statistical method and by projecting the trend, we calculated that over 66,000 infections were prevented by using a face mask in little over a month in New York City. We conclude that wearing a face mask in public corresponds to the most effective means to prevent inter-human transmission.

Study: https://bit.ly/2Y3rxGb

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COVID-19 may trigger new diabetes, experts warn

Emerging evidence suggests that COVID-19 may actually trigger the onset of diabetes in healthy people and also cause severe complications of pre-existing diabetes.

A letter published today in the New England Journal of Medicine and signed by an international group of 17 leading diabetes experts involved in the CoviDiab Registry project, a collaborative international research initiative, announces the establishment of a Global Registry of new cases of diabetes in patients with COVID-19.

The Registry aims to understand the extent and the characteristics of the manifestations of diabetes in patients with COVID-19, and the best strategies for the treatment and monitoring of affected patients, during and after the pandemic.

Clinical observations so far show a bi-directional relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes. On the one hand, diabetes is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality. Between 20 and 30% of patients who died with COVID-19 have been reported to have diabetes. On the other hand, new-onset diabetes and atypical metabolic complications of pre-existing diabetes, including life-threatening ones, have been observed in people with COVID-19.

It is still unclear how SARS-Cov-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, impacts diabetes. Previous research has shown that ACE-2, the protein that binds to SARS-Cov-2 allowing the virus to enter human cells, is not only located in the lungs but also in organs and tissues involved in glucose metabolism such as the pancreas, the small intestine, the fat tissue, the liver and the kidney. Researchers hypothesise that by entering these tissues, the virus may cause multiple and complex dysfunctions of glucose metabolism. It has also been known for many years that virus infections can precipitate type 1 diabetes.

Source: https://bit.ly/2UJhnbz

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Up to 45 percent of SARS-CoV-2 infections may be asymptomatic

According to the findings published in Annals of Internal Medicine, suggest that asymptomatic infections may account for as much as 45 percent of all COVID-19 cases, playing a significant role in the early and ongoing spread of COVID-19. The report highlights the need for expansive testing and contact tracing to mitigate the pandemic.

Analysis of data from 16 groups of COVID-19 patients suggest 'silent' carriers may exacerbate efforts to stop spread of the disease?

"The silent spread of the virus makes it all the more challenging to control," says Eric Topol, MD, founder and director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute and professor of Molecular Medicine at Scripps Research. "Our review really highlights the importance of testing. It's clear that with such a high asymptomatic rate, we need to cast a very wide net, otherwise the virus will continue to evade us."

Source: https://bit.ly/2Yw2z11

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Is It Safe To Apply Kohl (Kajal, Surma) In Newborn Baby's Eyes?

Is It Safe To Apply Kohl (Kajal, Surma) In Newborn Baby’s Eyes?

Is It Safe To Apply Kajal (Kohl, Surma) In Baby’s Eyes? Kajal for Babies Eyes: Is It Safe? Introduction

Commercially available Kajal comprises of galena (PbS), minium (Pb3O4), amorphous carbon, magnetite (Fe3O4), and zincite (ZnO). Therefore, kajal contain high levels of lead.

Indian homemade kajal is prepared by combining the soot from oil lamps with ghee or castor oil i.e. Homemade Kajal is…

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Coronaviruses (CoV)

Coronaviruses (CoV) Introduction

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of single-stranded, positive sense RNA viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as MERS, SARS. They are zoonotic i.e. they are transmitted between animals and people.

A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans.

Family: Coronaviridae

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) : Symptoms, Signs, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, & Updates

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) : Symptoms, Signs, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, & Updates

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) : Symptoms, Signs, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, & Updates Introduction

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Coronavirus “SARS-CoV-2” (Wuhan virus, novel coronavirus-2019, 2019-nCoV, COVID-19 virus).

Incubation Period: 2-14 days

Causative Virus

Causing agent : Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan virus, novel coronavirus-2019, 2019-nCoV, COVID-19 virus).

R…

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NEET PG 2020 Exam Paper

NEET PG 2020 Exam Paper

NEET PG 2020 Exam Paper

DISCLAIMER: ANY RESEMBLANCE OF THE QUESTION IN EXAMS CONDUCTED BY AUTHORITY IS PURELY A COINCIDENT.

1. Patient underwent b/l adrenalectomy in views of b/l pheochromocytoma 1day later develop lethargy, fatigue BP and PULSE NORMAL NO VOLUME DEFICIT LIKELYCAUSE? ADDISONIAN CRISIS

2. UPWARD EXTENTION OF THYROID PREVENTED BY- PRETRACHIALFASCIA

3.NERVESUPPLYOFLEVATORSCAPULA-DORS…

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Marrow Notes 2020

Marrow Handwritten Notes 2020 PDF Free Download 

Doctoralerts is providing Marrow handwritten notes pdf to medical students & health professionals for smart e-study & better understanding about health at any place, any time.

Notes are arranged according subject wise.

You can download notes by clicking on following links that you want to download .

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PrepLadder Notes 2020

PrepLadder Handwritten Notes 2020 PDF Free Download

Doctoralerts is providing PrepLadder handwritten notes pdf to medical students & health professionals for smart e-study & better understanding about health at any place, any time.

Notes are arranged according subject wise.

You can download notes by clicking on following links that you want to download .

All the links provided here are fully…

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Sexual Problems (Sexual Disorders) : Definition, Classification, & Diagnosis

Sexual Problems (Sexual Disorders) : Definition, Classification, & Diagnosis

Sexual Problems (Sexual Disorders) : Definition, Classification, & Diagnosis Definition

A sexual problem is, according to the above definition, an obstacle to achieve the individual’s desired sexual experience.

Thus, it can be assumed that all human beings at least once during the lifetime have a sexual problem. But when does a problem become a medical issue?

Manifestation

Sexual problems may…

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Premature Ejaculation (PE) : Definition, Causes, & Treatment

Premature Ejaculation (PE) : Definition, Causes, & Treatment

Premature Ejaculation (PE) : Definition, Etiology, Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Management, & Prevention Definition

Premature ejaculation refers to the inability to delay ejaculation sufficiently to enjoy love making, manifest as either occurrence of ejaculation before or very soon after vaginal entry (if a time limit is required: before or within 15 s of vaginal entry), or ejaculation in absence…

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Erectile Dysfunction (ED), Impotence : Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment

Erectile Dysfunction (ED), Impotence : Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment

Erectile Disorder, Impotence, Erectile Dysfunction (ED) : Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Signs, Tests,  Diagnosis, Treatment (Medicines, Exercise), Prevention Definition

Erectile Dysfunction (ED) refers to a persistent inability to develop or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual performance.

Although erectile dysfunction is not a life-threatening condition, it has a significant impact on the…

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What must Doctors do to avoid mob attack?

What must Doctors do to avoid mob attack?

What should doctors do to avoid mob attack? What should doctors do to avoid violence against themselves? How doctors can minimize mob attack?

Attacks on doctors and hospitals have become so common, they are no longer news. Why have we reached this state? As you know most of such incidents of violence against doctors happen during night shift. And majority of such incidents happen after death of…

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Marrow Notes 2019

Marrow Handwritten Notes 2019 PDF Free Download 

Doctoralerts is providing Marrow handwritten notes pdf to medical students & health professionals for smart e-study & better understanding about health at any place, any time.

Notes are arranged according subject wise.

You can download notes by clicking on following links that you want to download .

All the links provided here are fully secured &…

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Prepladder Notes 2019

Prepladder Handwritten Notes 2019 PDF Free Download

Doctoralerts is providing PrepLadder handwritten notes pdf to medical students & health professionals for smart e-study & better understanding about health at any place, any time.

Notes are arranged according subject wise.

You can download notes by clicking on following links that you want to download .

All the links provided here are fully…

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DAMS Video Lectures

DAMS Video Lectures

Doctoralerts is providing free DAMS Video Lectures to medical students & health professionals for smart e-study & better understanding about health at any place, any time.

All DAMS Video Lectures are arranged according subject wise.

You can download DAMS Video Lectures by clicking on respective following links.

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Note:If…