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Healthy oil: all about oil and what you need to know

the introduction

What is the most important part of your car engine? engine oil. Most people take their oil for granted, and don't understand how well it functions in an engine. The assumption is that the oil is for lubrication only, but operating your car, truck or boat under that assumption may not be the best thing in the long run. If you truly understand what an oil is, what it is designed for, and why it is important to take care of it in your vehicle, there is a lot you can do to maximize the life and health of your investment. vehicle or boat.

We'll talk about oil from different angles, mainly from an oil health perspective: what keeps it healthy and what happens when an oil loses its ability to do what it's supposed to do. So let's get started!

Engine oil types

Reading the types of motor oils can confuse anyone who pops a bottle of oil with strange language such as SAE, API, and 10W-30. These terms don't get too confusing once you know what they are.

SAE - It is an abbreviation of Society of Automotive Engineers and is the group that has established classification classes for the viscosity of different types of engine oil. The phrase "SAE" on the bottle simply means that the oil has been rated according to the industry standard rating scale established by SAE. They are practically all oils on the market.

API - stands for American Petroleum Institute, which is the group that defines minimum performance standards for various classes of oil.

SAE-30W vs. 10W-30 Oil - This is an example of two comparable oils for illustrative purposes. The former is known as single-grade oil while the latter is known as multi-grade oil. The letter W in both cases stands for "winter degree". 10 and 30 are the weights of the oil - a measure of the viscosity of the oil. Smaller numbers mean lower viscosity and lighter oil weights. SAE-30W is a 30 by weight oil. An oil with a volume of 10W-30 is an oil whose viscosity actually changes between cold and hot temperatures, due to the special viscosity-modifying additives in its composition. The most commonly indicated viscosity grades range from 0 to 60, although you will not find a single-grade winter engine oil higher than 25.

API SJ: You will occasionally see this type of designation on motor oil. This is called a "class of service". The identifier SJ or two other letters is a classification category that indicates that the oil is suitable for the needs of a particular class of vehicle. For gasoline cars and light trucks, you can get service classes SN, SM, SL and SJ. Diesel engines have service classes starting with C, such as CJ and CI. The easiest way to tell them apart is that S stands for “Spark Ignition” (petrol) and C stands for “Compression” (diesel).

You may also see other acronyms, such as ILSAC (International Committee for Standardization and Approval of Lubricants), JASO (Japanese Automotive Standards Organization), or ACEA (European/French acronym). These are additional rating bodies around the world that offer their own classifications of types of motor oil.

With all these kinds of confusing names, which ones should you watch out for? The most important are the SAE grade of the oil and the API class. Simply refer to your owner's manual for the recommended oil grades and grades for your vehicle.