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PEE Paragraphs on ‘Valentine’ by Carol Ann Duffy
In this poem, Duffy uses an onion as a romantic gesture, a gift. The first mentions of it was ‘Not a red rose or a satin hart, I give you an onion’ which implies that she will not be giving the person she love a commercialised and stereotypical gift that other people would get for valentines day. It makes an onion seem romantic which is different as onions are used to describe something they repel from the fact that it has a strong scent. However, in the second stanza it shows onions to be more appealing, such as ‘It is a moon wrapped in brown paper’ this is creating an imagery of an onion being a present but also the fact that is a moon can mean that it will bring light into the darkness like the moon would at night. Duffy also used imagery in the last stanza, declaring that ‘its platinum loops shrink to a wedding’ring’, and suggesting that her imagery is becoming reality. However, it also presents the wedding ring being less valuable than the ‘platinum loops’ because of the use of the word ‘shrunk’.
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PEE Paragraphs on ‘Mean Time’ by Carol Ann Duffy
The title of the poem ‘mean time’ could mean different things. One of the meanings could be Greenwich mean time, which reduces the hours of daylight in England. Duffy refers to this in her first stanza when she says, ‘the clocks slid back an hour and stole light from my life’; This could symbolise that she has lost someone, as ‘light’ could be referring to someone she loved. It also means that there is more sadness in her life because of the more hours of night which gives a gloomy feel. Another meaning of ‘mean time’ could relate to the phrase ‘in the mean time’ which shows that there is an event going on in her life at that moment which she finds important. ‘mean time’ can signify the importance of an event that happened at that time. The title could also be literal with ‘Mean time’, implying that it was a difficult time for her and that something happened in her life that effected her negatively.
In the poem it seems that she is experiencing a loss and this is shown significantly through the first stanza where she declares, ‘mourning our love’. Mourning is normally what someone does when another person passes away, having connotations with death, but because she is talking about love then it could be that it was a passing of a relationship. Heart break is also shown in the first stanza through the personification, ‘Where i felt my heat gnaw’, where it suggests that her heart isn’t able to accept the end of the relationship.
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PEE Paragraphs on ‘Close’ by Carol Ann Duffy
The title with of the poem could have two meanings. ‘Close’ could mean to close something as well as small distance. When first reading, the title could have meant to shut something as it mentions in the first stanza ‘Lock the door’ which has connotations with closing something. However, when reading further into the poem, the third stanza suggests that the title could be talking about distance, saying ‘but you move in close till I shake’; This could mean her personal space is being corrupted by another person by the little distance between them, therefore having connotations with the title ‘Close’ as well as including the word itself.
In the second stanza it appears that there is someone controlling in her life This is connoted through the imperative verb ‘Undress’ which implies that someone is governing her. As well as that, Duffy also used the simile ‘you have me like a drawing, erased, coloured in, untitled, signed by your tongue.’; This signifies that this person is using Duffy for themselves and the specific phrase, ‘signed by your tongue’, could mean that the person has a possession over her.
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Notes: Stories in the real world pg 38-42
People tell stories whether it is talking to friends about what happened whilst you were on holiday, or talking about what happened during their day. The technical term for it is called narrative which always has three elements:
1) some events, which form a story. 2) someone who talks about those events - the teller. 3) the teller’s representation of the events - the discourse.
A story is made up of a series of events ordered through time. Each idvidual part of a story includes an actor - which you would ask ‘who was involved?’, action - which asks ‘What did they do?’ and circumstances - which ask makes the person asks much more question such as ‘When did they do it?’, Where did they do it?’ and ‘How did they do it?’.
In language, events are shown through clauses - which gives information about the actors, actions and circumstances. Even though everyone had different opinions on a story, the way they are structured is a similar pattern. In the late 1960s, Labov was interested in studying the difference of people depending on social classes, geographical regions and ethnic groups. He began to notice that the great number of stories he collected follow a pattern.
The fact that the stories were similarly structured, Labov created six stages in the narrative structure of stories:
1) Abstract - what the story is about 2) Orientation - who was involved, where and when it took place. 3) Complication - what the unexpected event was 4) Evaluation - the opinions on it overall, if it was bad or good. 5) Resolution - how the problem was resolved 6) Coda - how the story is connected to present.
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Key terms of speeches
Speech event - A spoken interaction of a recognisable type. For example, a lecture or a phone call. Adjacency - the positioning of elements in an interaction, so that one follows on from another. For example, greeting are nearly always reciprocated. Adjacency pair - two elements that are dependant on each other and exist in a pair. For example, a question and an answer. Closing - closing items conclude an interaction. For example, 'bye' or 'see you'. False Start - beginning an utterance then stopping and beginning it again. Filler - A word or speech noise produced by a speaker to create some thinking time. For example, 'um' and 'er'. Framing - The idea that speakers mark their understanding of the context they are in. For example, by smiling or laughing to show that they are being playful. Monitoring feature - An element produced by a speaker to check the attention level of the listener. For example: 'you know what you mean?' Or 'are you with me?' Narrative - a social activity in which a teller addresses a listener or a reader and produces a piece of discourse about a story. Narrative structure - the stages which a teller would generally follow when telling a story. These typically include: abstract, orientation, complication, resolution and coda. Common ground - the idea of sharing a perspective with other in an interaction. Identity - appearing as a certain kind of person or group member. Positioning - setting up and maintaining a perspective in an interaction. Pre-closing - An item that a speaker will produce to show that he or she want to close the conversation, for example, 'right', 'so', or 'anyway'. Reinforcement - A word or speech noise produced by a listener to encourage a speaker to continue. For example, 'really?' Or 'mm'. Story - A sequence of events that someone considers interesting enough to be the subject of the narrative. Vague completer - A way of completing an utterance that stops it from sounding too abrupt. For example, 'I did the shopping and stuff'. Rhetoric/Rhetorical - The study of persuasive language, an area of study dating back to Ancient Greece.
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How does Alice Sebold Portray Abigail?
In this section of ‘Lovely Bones’, Sebold portrays Abigail as two different people, this was when Susie was following Grace Tarking with her new camera then came across her mother, mentioning that ‘...I had never seen her sitting so still, so not there somehow’; this makes her mother appear as if she has become someone else, someone who is lifeless. Susie also said that ‘she was, in that moment, not my mother but something separate from me’; Sebold is describing Abigail as a stranger by showing that Susie was not used to the way her mother was acting. When Susie started to take pictures of her mother she defined that ‘There was only one picture in which my mother was Abigail.’ - Alice Sebold made Abigail resemble like a foreigner to her own daughter, also displaying that Susie is not accustomed to seeing her mother like this.The quotes prior proves that Abigail was not herself at the time or not what people always see.
Sebold tends to illustrate the mother to be very lost in thought; such as when Susie is describing her mother’s eye as, ‘...bottomless in a way I found frightening’; This is way of Sebold showing that Abigail is deep in thought as the word ‘bottomless’ is also similar to never ending. As well as that, Susie specifies that she found her mother ‘frightening’ in this state and also displays that this was a part that her mother hides from Susie and everyone else. Susie also says how her little brother was watching her mother who ‘... had a stare that stretched to infinity’ - this is another example of the fact that it seems like her mother is so lost in her thoughts that she is not there anymore. The idea that Sebold portrays Abigail as absent-minded shows that there is more to her that no one else is aware of - apart from Susie from that moment.
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Timeline of the main events in Lovely Bones
6 December 1973 - Susie Salmon was murdered
8 December 1973 - The police and investigators found Susie Salmon’s elbow
13 December 1973 - Father starting being Suspicious about Mr Harvey
26 November 1974 - Mr Harvey was caught with evidence for the murder of Susie Salmon as well as the cats and dogs in the neighbourhood. However, he was left the neighbourhood before being caught.
10 July 1981 - Susie possessed Ruth’s body to talk to her crush Ray Singh.
13 June 1981 - The graduation of the school year Susie would have been if she wasn’t dead.
15 December 1988 - Mr Harvey goes back to the neighbourhood in his car and gets stopped by the police but still does not get caught.
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PEE paragraphs on ‘The Biographer’ by Carol Ann Duffy
At the beginning of the first stanza the person is very blunt and says ‘because you are dead’. Duffy normally is very straight forward so this does resemble her persona a lot. If this poem is about Duffy then the person who passed away in the poem could also be her past lover who died. On the last stanza of the poem she then calls the person she is talking about ‘Maestro. Monster. Mummy’s Boy. My Main Main.’ This is alliteration and displays a playfulness about it which would make the reader think that there was a bond between them. Later on in the same stanza Duffy then says ‘I have an affair with a thespian girl - you would have approved-’. This is directing to a person which seems like it is to the person that passed away. This is more evidence that this could be about Duffy because her ex lover who passed away had affairs with her many times so that is why he would have approved.
Duffy also talks the about person who passed away, as if they were a spirit, writing about ‘a hood and a cloak of light’; This makes it seem like the person is here but hiding in the light - heaven. This could mean that Duffy thinks the person is watching over them too.’Light’ can also fall into the semantic field of religion.
In the second stanza the person talking is a male which is confusing,if the person is meant to be about Duffy. Duffy writes ‘I’m a passionate man’. However, this could mean that Duffy always felt like she was a male and not a female. In the same stanza she then goes on to say ‘you wouldn’t have wanted me, or needed me, would barely have noticed me at all’; This could mean that if she was actually a male like she feels she is, then the person wouldn’t have even noticed her because the person is not interested in men.
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PEE paragraphs on ‘The Cliche Kid’ by Carol Ann Duffy
The person in the poem seems to feel desperate in wanting to feel the memories again by starting stanzas dramatically with ‘I need help’ and ‘distraught in autumn’. It exposes her because before she even talks about what she wants, she is hopeless with the present day.
The use of ellipsis at the end of each stanza gives an impression that her voice is trailing off and leaving the rest of the story to your imagination. It could also mean that they are continuous, never ending stories as the last stanza also has an ellipsis. Ellipsis fits in with the theme of time and remembering, which is shown throughout her other poems.
At the beginning of the poem there is playful and youthful feel to it because there is rhyming in the first stanza such as ‘bent’ and ‘scent’ and added into the second stanza is the alliteration of ‘Big Bertha’, a playful tone to remembering someone specific in their childhood.
In the third stanza the rhythm of the poem starts to change to one word sentences such as ‘Chalkdust’, which could also represent the change in mood; and I think this because in the first few stanzas, the voice is reminiscing over positive memories of ‘my father’s ballgown as he bent to say goodnight to me, his kiss, his french scent…’; Where as in the third stanza it talks about unpleasant memories of ‘my imaginary friend left me for another child.’
In the last line of the final stanza, the persona stops making sense. The person gets their words mixed up saying ‘the fresh-baked grass, dammit, the new mown bread…’ which could indicate mental instability..
Duffy uses ‘something’ – a pronoun – which made the character appear to be desperate enough to be able to consume anything that would benefit them. This hints at the decade which the experience occurred because psychiatrists are not allowed to give patients legal drugs like they used to, and patients don’t have as much trust being given legal drugs willingly like they also used to.
It is evident throughout the poem that the person they are talking to is a doctor. This is shown from the repetitive use of the abbreviation - ‘Doc’ - which is what someone would name a doctor if they are familiar with them, as if this was a routine and saw the doctor regularly. The doctor seems to be a therapist/psychiatrist because the person is talking about their personal emotions to them as well.
The person asks the doctor the impossible, to bring back their memories saying ‘the sound of ma and her pals up late’. They want to go back in time and be youthful again. This is similar to Duffy’s other poem called ‘Nostalgia’, where again the voice is attempting to escape reality by thinking of their youthful self and yearning for it.
This poem could be presenting the voice of a different person in each stanza. This is because each stanza starts with another problem. This is shown in stanza three when the person is saying ‘this kid so unpopular even my imaginary friend left me for another child’; and in the fourth stanza, ‘seeing childhood in conkers through my tears’. They are both about different events but share the semantic field of youth.
Task: Look through other poems to make as many connections as possible such as theme, tone, imagery, connecting to the past - wednesday 15
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