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[elaf123789]

Assignment 2

ID: 123789

Date: May 31, 2020

Words: 1500

Introduction:

The media sector became one of the most important sectors in humans' life. Day by day it is developing rapidly in terms of human or social communication. In the past no one think that in one day we will have a video call and a lot of things we can't mention them. Now a days according to developing of media we face a lot of issues and problems which effect in media by making it a dangerous place. And we are going to discuss these issues and show how they affect on us. As we are media students, we realize the importance of discussing them and trying to find solution to make media better than now.

Submitted material:

Disinformation is false information deliberately and often covertly spread in order to influence public opinion or obscure the truth. It has different goals like achieving government aims, some promoters use it to attract customers and some of people use it for financial incentives. This issue has many bad impacts such as make difficulty to find the truth.

Cognitive strategy in media is one of the most important strategies for deferent type of people to achieve their aims and how it affects in a specific people.

The media is developed year by year and from the past it has a great importance. We can mention here how media was in three important happened: Cold War, World War I, World War II, The American coalition invasion of Iraq. People start communication in the First war by carrier pigeons, dogs, newspaper, cartoons and illustration, telephone and telegraph. Then, they started using the radio, cinema, mail and posters in the Second war. Technologies started appearing in the Cold war, people started using the computer, television (black and white) and the propaganda in cinema. Finally, in the American coalition invasion of Iraq people started phone, video conferencing, photography, newspaper and television.

According to the differences between people and most of them use the internet platforms with different cultures some problems appeared which present or trying to present things in wrong way like race، gender(male is always the strongest and smartest, but the females the victim, who take care) and class.

According to the deferent social media platforms and how people can share photos and getting comments, studies showed there are relation between selfie, narcissism and fame online. There are positive and negative narcissism personalities .

There is relation between selfie, narcissism and fame online, we can realize most of celebrities when they post their various types of posts.

Hate speech spread so much in the last period. It happens when attack someone or group or calls for violence against them or bothering them by comments, memes, groups or using words likely to excite hostility or bring into contempt any groups. Like, " I hate all Muslims".

The role of media in health education we can note it more in this period of Coronavirus. It works a great turn in preventing and while the crisis, by sharing the important information and steps of preventing and how to deal if you have been sick.

Comics became one of most famous ways to reach to audience. it can be understood by different ages. And most of time explain the reality more because all people can do it and share it, but sometimes it might understand in wrong way or people use it to spread rumors.

In the most countries citizens always asking the government to be clearer in some types of information, and this their right to have enough idea and avoid believing rumors. On the other hand, some information is better to hide them to avoid misunderstanding if the citizens don't have enough experience and to can control more.

The media ethics face a lot of challenges especially in crisis times. This is one result of developing technology and media which all people now can be as a journalist. Also, even the real journalist face challenges like the credibility, the financial rewards, governmental oversight and the reality.

Analyses :

From the past the importance of media is clear as we can note it from the communication methods in the old-world wars. But After long periods of developing media there a lot of issues appeared.

Everything in the world has positive and negative aspects, like media.

Media increase the level of using critical thinking by posts, advertising, colors and words that used. This help people to think better and know how to deal with any issues they face especially in media. It makes people wakeup more. So, media develop the societies and transfer them from traditional to modern.

The experts said that media became colonialized to achieve commercial goals and this is correct, according to what we see it in media. Such as we they use women to present deferent types of products to attract more customers. As a result, it makes a wrong stereotype of women. Also, the advertisements can send a lot of messages by different ways even they will affect in people by wrong way. like some of them will encourage the idea if race ageist any group of people. Moreover, celebrities colonialized media to git financial returns.  

We don’t forget the big turn of media of changing a lot of prevailing customs, traditions and cultures, but it has positive and negative sides. The positive for example it changed an important idea in people's minds which is asking their governments to know everything and being more credibility with them. And the negative side that may be people will not realize it, it how this high credibility will affect in their life in negative way.

The educational aspect is very clear especially in educating and prevention especially in the crisis time like Coronavirus crisis and what it did to aware people by posts and daily news and what it doing to persuade and to adhere the quarantine by what it to encourage and attract people to stay at home.

In the social aspect media made the word a small town to exchange the information, opinion, comments, photos and give chances for people to achieve their personal goals. Such as some people suffering from narcissism so they sharing their selfie to get comments as they want. On the other hand, there were a labelling appeared which spread so much which can serve some and harm others and be a reason of classification and deviation of specific group in negative way like: criminals, immigrants and how they present Arabs, China and others in American cinema.

To achieving a lot of goals of media, the experts find different ways to affect in people and persuade them such as: association, bandwagon, beautiful people… . And to use these ways they can do it by using comics as it one of the most ways it used because all people can understand it as it’s simple, but sometimes it may understand it in wrong way and a lot of people can use it to spread rumors. So, all of us we should ask themselves many questions when we receive any message to know the reality and the main idea of it , the way that they use it affect in us? and what we should do to avoid this way?.

There are many impacts of media's goals and we can note it in people's behavior, belief, emotion and attitude. For example, the ideas of issued related to class they will trying to have specific clothes, ideas, their talking way if they want to be from high class.

After long time of starting media especially from old was till now, especially now in Coronavirus global crisis , media facing a lot of challenges which it draw a bad idea about media and affects in it in future. The most challenge is the credibility in news and information. And how media platforms hide of change some of them but this causes a disinformation which can make a difficulty in finding the realty and spreading rumors and fears. All this may be happened according to bias to groups, person, government and others.  

Conclusion:

Media help us to communicate with all world to know what happen, know others cultures and learn from others new lessons.

All these issues develop several sides in each person which make him determines his goals and opinions and trying to develop it or protect it to avoid controlling from others.

As we are media students, we can realize the importance of media literacy and use it to reach our audience. we can teach people how to get the right information and avoid the rumors.

In addition, the words and ideas in internet effects in people's behaviors as we can see it in social media now a days against china and how Chinese suffering in most of countries especially in America, It can cause several problems like of soft wars, hate crimes, fake news, suicide and other human's problems.

Moreover, now we know how, what, when the information effect in people because a lot of people use a strange trek to change our ideas and opinions to achieve their aims.

Finally, people should realize the value of media and how its effects in their most important time.

The developing of media and appearance of various issues it became a necessary to put new and easy lows in media's platforms to complain if people note any of these issues.

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Media ethics challenges’

ID: 123789

Date: May 19, 2020

Number of words: 350

Introduction:

As we can note how the media developed in the last years and how it is an important to side in most of life's aspects. Nowadays we can realize the importance of media in the Coronavirus crisis and how people spend their time knowing recent news about this crisis.

The ethics’ challenges:

Media ethics face a lot of challenges especially in crisis times, as we can see it in the Coronavirus crisis. One of the most challenges faces by the media nowadays is the credibility of some information related to the pandemic like the numbers of injuries and deaths and some individual's private information.

I think some channels and newspapers follow policies of a particular country or organization are obliged to hide some information and some information related to important people who can affect public opinion so they prefer to hide this privet information to reduce the anxiety or to achieve a specific goal.

In addition, the financial rewards became more in this period for the Journalist or even the normal people who will write the stronger or newest information even this news is not correct or rumors just to attract and persuade people. I think it will happen more if the journalist or people don’t realize the importance of ethics.

Moreover, governmental oversight crosses a lot of news types, so people will always try to use some blocked information because they think it is worth being published.

In my view, some people think that the ethics make the news boring and repeated. As a result, they always want new information.

The reality, as this period how each media ( BBC, CNN, RT…) present the facts of Coronavirus and how they present the main reason for the source of this virus and how the war between America and China.

I think according to the huge numbers of news every day the audience doesn't know who is right and what is the reality, even the science researches showed facts. because of the words and questions, they used.

Understanding:

- I think some ethics need to be changed to be suitable for the development of media.

- As we are media students, we should know more these media ethics. Even the normal people should know and realize the importance of ethics to know their limits when they want to share any news especially in the social media.

[elaf123789]

Discussing two hypotheses

ID: 123789

Date: May 5, 2020

Number of words: 344

Hypothesis 1 - Citizens have the right to know:

In these days according to developing technological part I think the government should be more clear with citizens

 To know what exactly happen in their country. For example:In Economy side: How the government deals with the main sources of the economy (it is a right for everyone for citizens and government) so they have a right to know where it goes and how it is divided. In the political side: what is the structures of choosing some of positions?.

 To be careful and take measures if government predict of any risks.

 The relationship between the government and citizens will be better and stronger.

To reduce the chances of rumors spreading. 

On the other hand, sometimes government need to hide some information to can control the situations and to preventing chaos.

Hypothesis 2 - Citizens do NOT need to know everything:

This is one of the most issues the societies discuss it (as we can see in the social media), I'm ageist with this hypothesis because the governments sometimes hide a very important information which the citizens need them. And if citizens don't have enough information will try to find them by several ways even they are wrong, such as : in some situations citizens will follow other countries .

On the other hand , government sometimes need to hide some information because if they share it to public will make misunderstanding if the citizens don't have enough experiences .Such as in the military side some plans citizens can't understand is by the correct way.Also, sometimes governments fill in mistakes so if they share it to the public will reduce the confidence of citizens. Adding to that, the enemy can use any information ageist the country if the government share details.  

Understanding and best solution:

The government should balance between them. They should share the information which citizens need to know them if this information will not make another problem. In addition, the society should realize that some information better if they don’t know to protect the country and to feel safety and let the experts deal with that situation.

[elaf123789]

2 min video production

Topic: Cyberterrorism

ID: 123789

Date: May 4, 2020

[elaf123789]

Academic Reading Assignment

Done by: 123789 - 112963

Date: April 29, 2020

[elaf123789]

COMICS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19

ID: 123789

Date: April 28, 2020

Number of words: 350

Analysis the collage:

This comic show how the earth has been effected by this virus without any exceptions even the strongest countries. many people thought this is the end of the world.

the artist wants to convey a message or spread a culture to one of the preventive methods of this virus, which to be away from usually habits like hands shaking and kissing, and be away as possible even if the society doesn't accept you.

it shows how the education sector affected by this pandemic, because they are not ready crisis like this. So, many countries have cancelled many courses, while others face a lot of problems in studying online.

it explains how this virus effected in the main source of economy in the gulf. It let us asking deferent questions like, will governments overcome these crises? will it succeed? Or will people be affected ?etc.

Why did I choose this four graphics?

Because they coverage the most important and affected topics by coronavirus in my view.

And how people talk about these topics continuously on social media since the beginning of the crisis.

Many methods, clarifications, and ideas have emerged recently to explain all questions related to this crises.

The importance of the graphics:

It has effects in several areas:

Educational:

the message spreading more, audiences can understand, interpret and interact with it and try to develop solutions and proposals that may benefit the stakeholders.

In health:

It helps health agencies in spreading the main information that related to this virus.

Economy:

some promoters will promote their products or ideas in an indirect way and the audience doesn't realize that.

The politician:

It can change the public opinion , for example china is the main reason of this virus so people should avoid it.

It can change the ideas about successful people or countries.

Understanding:

They have negative effects(spreading rumors…etc) as well as positive.

 The words and colors that used and repeated have a specific meaning.

Some of them published by the competent authorities to achieve a specific aim.

 The number increases in times of crisis.

__________________

References:

The official account in twitter for Oman newspaper.

https://alkhaleejonline.net/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7

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THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN HEALTH EDUCATION

ID: 123789

Date: April 21, 2020

Number of words: 348

a)    in crisis situation:

The media can calm the populace and encourage them to do positive actions.

Helps health workers expand their audience reach, to deliver health information.

Effective way to persuade target audiences to adopt new behaviors, or to remind them of critical information. The media serves as an emergency broadcast system to get vital information to the people who need it most. During the beginning of a crisis to know what happened and how to stay safe, (one of studies said  that one of the most popular questions in google now a days is how to protect myself from coronavirus?)  

b)    in prevention:

The media publishes the correct preventive steps for each disease and how long will it take

It works to educate the public about how to behave in the event that you suspect that you are infected.

c) Coronavirus crisis:

According to the development of the media, many interesting and unique methods have emerged which are suitable for various ages and we can see this in this crisis:

 Published attractive hashtags like #stayhome

Produce short films in different platforms to educate the audience and encourage them to sit at home

The official authorities in the country produced awareness videos to alert and reassure people.

 Many educational sites and institutes have made free educational courses available to make the quarantine a time to learn new skills and develop themselves.

The communication companies made many offers, such as free calls and speed up internet services.

 A lot of famous people know how they effect in people's ideas and behaviors so they adhere to quarantine and take preventive measures.

Understanding:

As we are media student we should to know the effective methods to reach people in crises time .

We should know the suitable time of each content to publish it crises time.

We should teach people how to get the right information and avoid the rumors.

People should realize the value of media and how its effects in their most important time.

______________________

References:

https://www.uniteforsight.org/health-communication-course/module5

http://www.oecd.org/governance/risk/The%20role%20of%20Social%20media%20in%20crisis%20preparedness%2C%20response%20and%20recovery.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324910020_Mass_Media_for_Health_Education_A_Study_in_the_State_of_Rajasthan

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Hate speech: how to identify hate speech in media content? Is it free speech or hate speech that is practiced?

ID: 123789

Date:April 14, 2020

Number of words:350

1- How to identify hate speech in media content?

We can identify the hate speech as anything attack someone or group or calls for violence against them or bothering them by comments, memes ,groups or using words likely to excite hostility or bring into contempt any groups,for example:

 " I hate all Muslims"

 President Donald Trump has often labeled the coronavirus as the “Chinese virus.” which resulted in xenophobia.-     

A video on Sky news Australia titled "China willfully inflicted coronavirus upon the world."

A lot of people are using racist hashtags such as #Kungflu, #chinesevirus and #communistvirus as they tweet about the pandemic.

Republican senator John Cornyn (a political person) said in a conversation with reporters “China is to blame because the culture where people eat bats and snakes and dogs and things like that,” ,  “These viruses are transmitted from the animal to the people, and that’s why China has been the source of a lot of these viruses like SARS, like MERS, the swine flu, and now the coronavirus.”

2- Is it free speech or hate speech that is practiced?

It is not a free speech as a lot of people think because free speech when you criticize any information or other's opinion without harming them by the deferent ways,  for example:

When someone don't agree with you or he think the idea is wrong will try to give you the evidence or reasons ,without any bad words or bothering.

Understanding:

Hate speech:

 Sometimes comes for political goals.

 It effects in people's behaviors as we can see it in social media now a days against china and how Chinese suffering in most of countries especially in America.

 It is one of main reasons of soft wars, hate crimes, fake news, suicide and other human's problems.

It affects mental health

It spread so much in twitter and face book and both of them have the report button so we have to teach each other the suitable time of using it, as one of ways to reduce this problem.

_________________

References:

https://lifehacker.com/how-to-identify-and-report-hate-speech-on-social-media-1831018803

https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3077376/coronavirus-prompts-surge-hate-speech-toward

https://qz.com/1823608/how-anti-china-sentiment-is-spreading-on-social-media/

[elaf123789]

Selfie and narcissism -  fame online

ID: 123789

Date:March 10, 2020

Number of words:344

Selfie:

To present their self in a visual way and should be admired or held in high regard.

Selfies make them satisfied with themselves. And getting attention.

“Selfie-marketing”, defined as user-generated selfies that are used by a company for marketing purposes. For example, Buffalo Wild Wings launched an Instagram campaign asking consumers to share selfies with the hashtag #fannerism while watching the World Cup at its restaurants.

It gives people easier way to advertise, for example they use "product placement " strategy.

Narcissism:

Narcissistic personality disorder can be subdivided into

Negative narcissism:

often misusing or exploiting relationships for one’s own benefit

An extremely difficult, self-centered individual who expects excessive gratification from others .

positive narcissism

They trying to do good deeds — often in public — and to make other people happy with them.

They want to be liked , known and appreciated by everyone in their lives.

Fame online:

They are given attention and celebrated for their exclusivity, exoticism, exceptional-ism, or everydayness. For example :

Young wealthy users they post hash tagged their posts with consciously exclusive keywords such as “#wealth,” “#mansion,”  they said it was a strategy to provoke and shock viewers, and to become famous.

Internet celebrity that is “exceptional” highlights the unusual abilities, astounding qualities, or expert skills of a person.

The phenomenon of “The Rich Kids of Instagram” is a classic example of exclusive internet celebrity .

Understanding:

There is a strong relation between selfie, narcissism and fame online , we can realize most of celebrities when they post their various types of posts they have their own goals which related to:

          - Their personality (being admired ,famous, satisfied…)             - Financial aims (advertising , getting free travels, different features…)             So their main goal isn’t giving benefits for audience as they show.

Now we can evaluate celebrities and expect their specific goals by noticing what,when and how they post .

In the Positive side, celebrities may give a lot of useful things as information , sale codes , some kind of online jobs … .

______________________

References:

https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JCM-03-2016-1752/full/html?journalCode=jcm&

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/i-hear-you/201904/4-types-narcissist-and-how-spot-each-one

https://www.wellandgood.com/good-advice/types-of-narcissists/

http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzE2OTY2MzhfX0FO0?sid=59061446-d7ed-4979-8985-fdbdf1d81d10@pdc-v-sessmgr04&vid=1&format=EB&rid=1

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How media outside Oman present race, gender (Male, Female, third gender) and class?

ID: 123789

Date: March 3, 2020

Number of words:339

Racism

The Chinese are always presented as not trusting anyone and that he is brutal and aggressive, so his character is demonized, as it presented in The Mask of Fu Manchu movie.

Most of the time they present the blond women as a beautiful, smart and attractive, but it is rare if they use black women to have all these features.

Gender:

male:

He is the one who works and  to take care of the family

 He is the strongest and smartest

Always his body is perfect

Always follows his mind  

Female:

 The victim, who take care of the children,

She suffers from psychological contract

 A commodity that is used for various purposes

She works in hard work

It is exploited by men

It is used to advertise various commodities and show them as attractive and exciting.

Third gender :

They are always shown to be ordinary people and there is no defect in them and they have the right to marry in proportion to their nature. Society must accept them by their nature, but whoever rejects this group is backward and does not accept change and difference ,so every society should give them their rights.

Classism

High class :

They wear everything related to famous brands

They use sporty and expensive cars

ones who have the power and control over the lives of the least of them, "they give jobs"

Women in this category are always beautiful and organized

they are free to whatever they want even if it is wrong

they eat and sit in the finest restaurants and places.

Less class:

 It has a lower educational level

They always suffer from the cruelty of life, but they resist

They suffer from diseases and lack of experience in dealing with these crises

The father is always fill in debt.

     In Oman:

With regard to racism, we find tribal intolerance spread widely, meaning that many tribes do not accept marriage with certain tribes because they think that their roots are not Omani.

There are many families that do not allow the female to study abroad and the decision of place of the study is always related to Parents, unlike the male, always make their own decisions without any interference.

Understanding:

 Usually media and news represent all this points in unfairly way ,so as we are media students should be more attention and trying to find the correct image about all this.

Don’t accept everything they present it.

References:

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/06fb/5572010dd3ac28cfd4c7452fa2a05501ac0c.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292897377_Gender_race_and_media_representation

[elaf123789]

ID:123789

Date: February 25, 2020

Number of words: 336

Topic: Communication used in Cold War, World War I, World War II, The American coalition invasion of Iraq.

 World War I :

Which is started in 1914 until 1918 , they used in communication

Newspapers

Cartoons and illustration in magazines .    

Dogs and carrier pigeons: solider used it to deliver massages to their biases, but sometimes they fail in delivering because British solider send pigeons and the German solider deploys hawk .

telephone and telegraph .

they used three type of propaganda ,front propaganda to increase the moral among the troops .Home front propaganda aimed the population at homes .Foreign propaganda to counter enemy propaganda abroad.

 World War II:

Carrier pigeons, dogs, Newspaper, Telephone and telegraph still used in this period by people in aircraft, tanks and ships until they start use radio.

 They used radio to spread massages.

 Cryptology, there were different meaning to every word. For example , both sides would receive massages through radio and both sides would have to decoded.

 Cinema, by producing films ageist each other (German x British).

 Attacks with leaflets, at the end of this war Americans were dropping more than 7 million copies of publications every week over occupied Europe.

 Mail.

 Cold World:

The computer, to gathering and processing information about enemy's whereabouts . For example, SAGE (a computer system) used by US to track any movement in the sky and send signals of any nuclear attack.

 They used propaganda in movies in cinema, comics, through the literature and lessons in schools.

 Black and white television, but it was very expensive so most of them used radio.

The American coalition invasion of Iraq:

In this period they used mail , phone ,video conferencing , radio, photography , newspaper and television

Understanding:

We got the importance of communication from the past till now and how the wars contributed in development of it.

 Cinema and other communication ways always aimed for a specific goal.

We can see how the communication started and how it is now, how it will be in the future?

______________________

References:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3t_Gwo3M-uc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aD6zpu0H6d4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IeiBvx9zOs

https://www.ukessays.com/essays/history/communication-in-the-cold-war-history-essay.php

https://familiesatwar2014.wordpress.com/2014/04/28/communication-during-the-iraqafghanistan-conflicts/

[elaf123789]

ID:123789

Date:february18,2020

Topic: use of cognitive strategies in media; why should we care?

we use cognitive capabilities to understand emotion ,ideas and other human behaviours .

according to different media platforms there are a lot of things we can use them by cognitive strategies  which help all people to get the message,

by looking for words that carry positive and negative meanings then Figueres out which person, place, or another thing  that customer prefer . More than that, measures personality and social traits from customer generated text data (blogs , tweets and posts).

By these ways people will understand easier specially advertisers will know what is the best way to reach their customer and how to get their attention.

Also, for companies owners will know what is the best services and productions and what they want to improve . Moreover, all people who use media platforms will compare between the ideas ,comments and posts that related to their society

-       Why should we care ?

As we are media students we should know how ,what, when the information effect in people because a lot of them use a strange treks to change our ideas and opinions to achieve their aims.

_________________

References :

https://hospitalitytech.com/connect-better-customers-using-small-data-found-social-media

http://cogweb.ucla.edu/crp/Media/Bandura_01.pdf

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1231655.pdf

[elaf123789]

Disinformation

ID: S123789

Date: February 11, 2020

1.     What is disinformation?

a.     It is false information deliberately and often covertly spread (as by planting of rumors) in order to influence public opinion or obscure the truth.

2.     Who , why used it?

a.     Most of the time the governments use it to achieve political and military goals.

b.     Sometimes citizens use disinformation.

c.     Some people use it for financial incentives.

d.     The advertisers use it to attract the audience and git hit selling.

3.     Examples:

a.     Malaysian Airlines flight 17 (MH17) over Ukraine.

b.     From 2016 US presential election ,for instance ,implicated (Hallary Clinton) in breaking election laws and selling weapons to terrorist.

4.     How did they do it? (sometimes)

a.     After they got the information that they want it by hacking ,forgery or ''creative'' such as articles ,blogs

b.     Then they design news stories presenting false information

c.     Then they published them to target audience.

5.     What are the results of this issue?

a.     Contaminate the information space to confused the audience and erode its ability to think critically.

b.     It is diminishing our ability to find the truth and agree on it.

6.     How can we avoid the consequences of disinformation?

We need to ask ourselves a pertinent question about the credibility of what we read and share.

-------------------

References:

http://ezproxysrv.squ.edu.om:2156/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=20&sid=5ef45b60-8681-43df-ad0c-549e34fd8479%40sessionmgr4006

http://ezproxysrv.squ.edu.om:2142/ehost/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=7288dc06-7cd0-4bff-a970-0316129a0fce%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=132316846&db=bth

https://cyberdefensereview.army.mil/Portals/6/CDR_V3N3_MAHAIRAS_DVILYANSKI_Disinformation.PDF?ver=2018-12-21-222742-470

[elaf123789]

I expect we will learn new issues of communication which happens nowadays in our society and how we should face them.