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What is an author? Michael Foucault

Michel Foucault's 1969 article "What is an Author?" calls into question the conventional perception of what authorship means. In this article, Foucault argues that the concept of authorship as a singular and autonomous individual who creates a work is a product of a specific historical and cultural context. He suggests that we should instead view texts as products of a complex network of discourses and cultural practices and that the author does not fix or determine the meaning of a text. Instead, it is produced through interpretation and engagement with the text by various readers and communities. Foucault's article has significantly impacted post-structuralist and postmodernist perspectives on language and culture. It has been interpreted as a critique of individualism and a call for a more collective and democratic approach to knowledge production.

Overall, the article challenges the readers to critically examine their assumptions about authorship and invites them to consider how they produce and interpret texts. It encourages them to move beyond a singular, fixed notion of meaning and to embrace the complexity and diversity of cultural production and interpretation.

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Reading Response class 4

Recognizing fake news is very hard because it is opinionated. Everyone interpret in different ways. Stuart Hall mentioned areas of stereotyping which includes gender stereotypes, class, racial and ethnic stereotypes. If we read the news through a stereotypical approach our judgement on the information could be wrong. To recognize fake news we need to recognizing point of view, improve critical thinking skills, do more research or discuss with others and ask what they think. As an educator I can’t tell if this information on the media is real or not because I don’t want to impose my ideas on them but what I can do is teach them how to recognize it. I am going to teach media literate for my secondary school. I need to find ways to capture their attention and engage them. I think doing small activities are great. Student might not know it but they are affected by the information they see online. Students need to learn “how media messages affect the ways people see the real world as well as how they see themselves.” During covid there was a lot of different information about wearing mask. In the beginning a lot of articles including CDC say that mask are useless. The virus can go through the mask or around it which makes it useless. I didn’t listen and I believe it works because that is what my family tells me. Everyone have different belief and opinions and that is fine. But another reason why I think media literacy is important because if we believe everything we hear or see it could cause I lot of harm. For example you read this article that says invest in this, it is the next big thing and everyone is doing it. You can make a lot of money from investing in this company, stock, or product…etc. Media literacy can save them from investment scams because it can destroy them. Students might think that these kind of false information or scams are easy to recognize but what if they are coming at you every day and slowing brain washing you because you are desperate? Fake news can definitely get into people’s head. Media literacy can save us.

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Reading: Chapter 2 The Schema of Mass Culture Video: PBS Frontline- The Persuader

The reading “The Schema of Mass Culture” talked about monopolistic mass culture which is the world we live today. Sometimes I feel like media, like advertisement has reshaped or concealed the original meaning and information of a product or goods. For example advertisement stopped introducing the functionality of bags instead it focuses on class and status. The meaning of sports also changed. In a way I feel like sports has become more violent in films, social media and also becoming more embedded in the culture. In the past sports to me was about health, an activity people like to do to relax, an interest or making it into a career. But today media has defined sports as a brutal competition and the reason why is because it captures more viewers and creates more profit. Brands like Nike or Adidas will invest in athletes so they can gain profit, “mass culture takes sports into custody” (90). When I was watching “The Persuader” my first reaction was I am definitely one of those people who are affected my advertisement. Some advertisement might never catch my interest and it doesn’t get into my head because I don’t trust them. I don’t trust magazine, posters, or ads on Times Square. However there are some influencers or celebrities that I love and when they are using a product I would immediately go for the product. Companies are changing different ways to promote ideas or sell product because they want us to be defenseless. The reason why LVMH is one of the biggest company is because they are really everywhere internationally. LVMH created an empire through advertising women’s dream, desire, status, luxury and more.

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The Promises, Challenges and Futures of Media Literacy. Monica Bulger and Patrick 

I have always found the media very interesting. Social media is very contradicting in a way because it provides information that can be very helpful and we can learn a lot from it. But media can also be very misleading because there is a lot of “fake news” and various forms of “Propaganda” and “disinformation.” A lot of the news we see have been exaggerated because those who publish it wants to capture the audience attention. Anyone can publish anything on the internet nowadays so it is important to find reliable sources. Student’s (youth) is exposed to media at a very early age. At school, students are taught about how contents online is developed and disseminated. I remember back in high school we had guest speakers coming to our school to address some issues such as cyber-bullying, misinformation online, plagiarism and all the harm that media can bring. I think when we go on the media we need to be open minded on what we see. Media is great because we can follow current events, think critically, and we are always well-informed by the situation that is currently happening in the world. I think it is fine if students can’t recognize fake news right away when they see an information online. It takes time, evidence, more research to recognize and absorb the correct messages.

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Once Upon a Time...Is Now