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Entry of Napoleon I and Marie Louise into Paris on April 2 1810.

Reproduction Patrick Cadet / Centre des monuments nationaux

The Emperor Napoleon and Marie Louise of Austria entering Paris through the Place de l'Étoile on the procession from Saint Cloud to the Louvre. As the construction of the Arc de triomphe was not yet completed the base of the four pillars had been barely above ground. It was then decided to build a model. Louis Laffitte had been ordered by the architect to continue with an arch of painted canvas by five hundred workers.

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Travellers

As the sun slowly sets in the West.

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Literary criticism of the work by Stendhal in the early twentieth century by comparison with more recent writers on the novel The Red and the Black in easy American idiom.

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Indigo

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Thiruvananthapuram also called as Trivandrum is flanked by the Arabian Sea in the West and Tamil Nadu in the East. Trivandrum is the capital city of Kerala and is the best place to start the visit.

Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple situated at the heart of the city is one of the most popular attractions in Thiruvananthapuram. Constructed in Dravidian style this temple has a seven storey carved gopuram which is reflected in the sacred tank.

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Louis XV

King of France 1715-1774

Married Marie Leszczynska (1725-1768) and children Louis Dauphin of France, Louise Élisabeth, Madame Adélaïde

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Archibald Campbell, Duke of Argyll

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Pushkin

Catherine the Great's palace gates were built for the predessor of the empress near Saint Petersbourg in 1717.

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Known as Sir Anthony Blunt KCVO, from 1956 to 1979 was a leading British art historian. Blunt was a professor of art history at the University of London, the director of the Courtauld Institute of Art and Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures.

 With the invasion of Poland by German and Soviet forces Blunt joined the British Army in 1939. During the Phoney War he served in France in the Intelligence Corps. When the Wehrmacht drove British forces back to Dunkirk in May 1940 he was part of the Dunkirk evacuation.  Blunt's role as a Soviet spy was known long before his public exposure according to MI5 papers released in 2002, Moura Budberg, adventuress and suspected double agent reported in 1950 that Blunt was a member of the Communist Party but this was ignored

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Royal Stuarts

Outside Ireland Jacobitism was strongest in the western Scottish Highlands, Perthshire and Aberdeenshire and areas of Northern England with a high proportion of Catholics such as western Lancashire, Northumberland and County Durham. Sympathisers were also present in parts of Wales, the West Midlands and South West England to some degree overlapping with areas that were strongly Royalist during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

In addition to the 1689 to 1691 Williamite War in Ireland and the Jacobite rising of 1689 in Scotland there were serious revolts in 1715, 1719 and 1745. French backed invasion attempts in 1708 and 1744 and several unsuccessful plots. While the 1745 rising briefly threatened the Hanoverian monarchy and forced the recall of British troops from Continental Europe its collapse and withdrawal of French support in 1748 ended Jacobitism as a serious political movement.

Jacobite ideology originated with James VI and I first monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1603. Its basis was divine right which claimed his authority came from God and the crown's descent by hereditary right.

As the first step towards union James I began standardising religious practices between the churches of England, Scotland and Ireland. After his death in 1625 his son Charles I lacked his political sensitivity by the late 1630s instituting personal rule in 1629 enforced by an Archbishop Laud in reforms on the Church of England. Ruling without Parliament led to the English Civil War. Similar measures in Scotland caused the Bishops' Wars in 1639 and 1640 and installation of a Covenanter government.   

The elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart grandson of James II and VII and the Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1766 as Charles III was named by the Whigs the Young Pretender and the Young Chevalier in popular memory known as Bonnie Prince Charlie..

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English soldier and statesman whose career spanned the reigns of five monarchs from the family of gentry John Churchill served first as a page at the court of the House of Stuart under James Duke of York throughout the 1670s and early 1680s earning military and political advancement through his courage and diplomatic skill.

Churchill's role in defeating the Monmouth Rebellion in 1685 helped secure James on the throne but he was a key player in the military conspiracy that led to James II being deposed during the Glorious Revolution. Rewarded by William III with the title Earl of Marlborough persistent charges of Jacobitism led to his fall from office and temporary imprisonment in the Tower of London. William recognised his abilities by appointing him as his deputy in Southern Netherlands as modern-day Belgium was named before the War of the Spanish Succession in 1701, but not until the accession of Queen Anne in 1702 did he secure his fame and fortune.

General John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, first Prince of Mindelheim, first Count of Nellenburg, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, KG, PC  born 26 May 1650  and lived to 16 June 1722.

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Blenheim

The palace remains the home of the Dukes of Marlborough, the present incumbent of the title being Charles James Jamie Spencer Churchill, twelfth Duke of Marlborough. Charles James succeeded to the dukedom upon his father's death on 16 October 2014. As of October 2016 the Marlborough have to tender a copy of the French royal flag to the Monarch on the anniversary of the Battle of Blenheim as rent for the land that Blenheim Palace stands on.[59]

The palace, park and gardens are open to the public on payment of an entry fee of maximum £32 as of September 2022 Several tourist entertainment attractions separate from the palace are the Formal and Walled Gardens, Marlborough Maze and the Butterfly House. The palace is linked to the Walled Garden by a miniature railway the Blenheim Park Railway. The public have free access to about five miles or eight kilometres of public rights of way through the Great Park area of the grounds which are accessible from Old Woodstock and from the Oxfordshire Way and which are close to the Column of Victory.

Lord Edward Spencer Churchill, the brother of the current Duke wished to feature a contemporary art programme within the historic setting of the palace where he spent his childhood. He founded Blenheim Art Foundation BAF, a non profit organisation to present large scale contemporary art exhibitions. BAF launched on 1 October 2014 with the United Kingdom's largest ever exhibition by Ai Weiwei. The foundation was conceived to give a vast number of people access to innovative contemporary artists working in the context of this historic palace. In September 2019 on the occasion of the opening of Maurizio Cattelan's show Victory is not an option, the palace was the scene of a robbery: unknown thieves entered the palace at night time just after the opening of the show and stole a golden toilet valuably installed by the artist in one of the bathrooms.

Blenheim Palace is a frequent location for filming. A survey in 2021 noted seventy one appearances in film and television, more than for any other English country house. The site offers a tour of the various filming locations.

A panoramic view of Blenheim Palace is above.

See also

Blenheim Palace in film and media

List of Baroque residences

Noble Households – book with Blenheim Palace inventory of 1740

Footnotes

^ "Blenheim". Collins Dictionary. n.d. Retrieved 23 September 2014.

^ "Blenheim Palace". World Heritage Sites. UNESCO. Retrieved 8 May 2010.

^ Voltaire wrote of Blenheim: "If only the apartments were as large as the walls are thick, this mansion would be convenient enough." Joseph Addison, Alexander Pope, and Robert Adam normally an admirer of Vanbrugh's also all criticised the design.

^ Churchill: Marlborough: His Life and Times, Bk. 1, 129

^ Chandler: Marlborough as Military Commander, 10

^ Holmes: Marlborough: England's Fragile Genius, 92.

^ Churchill: Marlborough: His Life and Times, Bk. 1, 164

^ Holmes: Marlborough: England's Fragile Genius, 126

^ Churchill: Marlborough: His Life and Times, Bk. 1, 240

^ Holmes: Marlborough: England's Fragile Genius, 194

^ Jump up to:a b c Stephen, Leslie (1887). "Churchill, John (1650–1722)". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 10. pp. 315–341.

^ "Writing table". The Royal Collection. The Royal Collection Trust. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2016.

^ Field, p. 229, 251–5, 265, 344

^ Jump up to:a b c d e Pipe, Simon (23 October 2007). "Woodstock's lost royal palace". BBC Oxford. Retrieved 29 November 2010.

^ Masset, Claire (2 February 2015). "The imaginative genius of Sir John Vanbrugh, architect of Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard". Discover Britain. Retrieved 29 July 2018.

^ When the Duchess came to build Marlborough House, her London home, in 1706, she employed Sir Christopher Wren. She later dismissed him, The contractors took advantage of him. She personally supervised the completion of the house. See Marlborough House Archived 26 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine.

^ Colvin, p. 850

^ Jump up to:a b Seccombe, Thomas (1899). "Vanbrugh, John". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 58.

^ Jump up to:a b Baggs, A. P.; Blair, W. J.; Chance, Eleanor; Colvin, Christina; Cooper, Janet; Day, C. J.; Selwyn, Nesta; Townley, S. C. (1990). "Blenheim: Blenheim Palace". In Crossley, Alan; Elrington, C. R. (eds.). A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 12, Wootton Hundred (South) Including Woodstock. British History Online. London. pp. 448–460. ISBN 978-0-19-722774-9. Retrieved 22 September 2022.

^ Jump up to:a b Green, p. 39

^ "Inside Blenheim Palace, a dwelling fit for a duke". Globe and Mail. 28 September 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2018.

^ The arms of the Duke of Marlborough with the statue of Britannia above Compare with figures on Tomb of Giuliano de Medici, New Sacristy, San Lorenzo, Florence (Category:Tomb of Giuliano de' Medici); figures above Moses and the Brazen Serpent, Sistine Chapel ceiling (File:Michelangelo Buonarroti 024.jpg); Monument of the Four Moors, of Ferdinando I de Medici, Leghorn by Pietro Tacco (File:Livorno, Monumento dei quattro mori a Ferdinando II (1626) - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 13-4-2006 01.jpg); Coin of Marcus Aurelius, RIC III 1188, White Mountain Collection (File:Marcus Aurelius Dupondius 177 2020304.jpg)

^ "Blenheim Palace 12342". Country Life Picture Gallery. Retrieved 29 July 2018.

^ "Blenheim Palace". Patrick Baty. Retrieved 29 July 2018.

^ Games, p. 334

^ This clock tower, completed in 1710 at a cost of £1,435, was despised by the 1st Duchess, who referred to it as "A great thing where the Clock is, and which is Called a Tower of great Ornament (sic)".

^ "Clock Tower, Blenheim Palace". Getty Images. Retrieved 29 July 2018.

^ Mavor, p. 23

^ Holmes: Marlborough: England's Fragile Genius, p. 477

^ Historic England, "Blenheim Palace (1052912)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 16 October 2017

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Henrietta Spencer-Churchill

^ Vanderbilt Balsan.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e "Blenheim Palace: Floorplans" (PDF). Retrieved 29 July 2018.

^ Jump up to:a b c "The National Pipe Organ Register – Blenheim Palace: the Long Library". www.npor.org.uk.

^ "The National Pipe Organ Register – Blenheim Palace: the Long Library, Abbott organ". www.npor.org.uk.

^ "Blenheim Palace Organ Appeal". Archived from the original on 16 January 2013.

^ Jump up to:a b "The National Pipe Organ Register – Blenheim Palace: Blenheim Palace Chapel". www.npor.org.uk.

^ Bingham, p. 201

^ Walpole to George Montagu, 19 July 1760. Walpole was not pleased with "Vanbrugh's quarries", with the inscriptions glorifying Marlborough "and all the old flock chairs, wainscot tables, and gowns and petticoats of queen Anne, that old Sarah could crowd among blocks of marble. It looks like the palace of an auctioneer, that has been chosen king of Poland."

^ "Blenheim Part II Vision and egos". Record of a Baffled Spirit. 7 May 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2018.

^ "Oxfordshire". Fabulous Follies. Retrieved 29 July 2018.

^ "On the trail of Winston Churchill at Blenheim and beyond". The Telegraph. 23 January 2015. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2018.

^ Historic England, "Blenheim Palace (1000434)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 16 October 2017

^ "Designated Sites View: Blenheim Park". Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Retrieved 12 March 2020.

^ "2nd Duchess of Marlborough". Blenheimpalaceeducation.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 12 February 2010.

^ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1898). "Spencer, Charles (1706-1758)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 53. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

^ Soames, Mary (1987). The Profligate Duke: George Spencer Churchill, Fifth Duke of Marlborough, and His Duchess. Harper-Collins. ISBN 978-0002163767.

^ Purcell, p. 251

^ Until the 1880s, the Law of Entail severely restricted the ability of an individual to sell an inherited property, including books. The restriction could only be circumvented by resorting to, expensive, private civil legislation, as was the Blenheim Settled Estates Act 1880. The Settled Land Act 1882 made the provisions contained in the Blenheim Act more easily and widely available.

^ Klett, Jo; Hodgson, John. "Catalogue of the Sunderland Library". University of Manchester Library via Jisc. Retrieved 5 September 2022.

^ "Rubens, His Wife Helena Fourment (1614–1673), and Their Son Frans (1633–1678)". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 9 January 2017.

^ "Rubens, His Wife Helena Fourment (1614–1673)". Metropolitan Museum. Retrieved 30 July 2018.

^ "Revised Management Plan" (PDF). Blenheim Palace. 2017. p. 26. Retrieved 30 July 2018.

^ Jump up to:a b c Tintner (2015), p. 144

^ Jump up to:a b c Cooper (2014), pp. 128–130

^ "MI5 In World War II – MI5 – The Security Service". www.mi5.gov.uk.

^ Andrew, Christopher (2009). The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5. Allen Lane. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-713-99885-6.

^ Raynor, G. "Former drug addict and ex-convict Jamie Blandford becomes 12th Duke of Marlborough after father dies". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2014.

^ "Interesting Facts About Blenheim Palace". #GetOutside. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 20 October 2016.

^ "Tickets & Booking". The Blenheim Palace Heritage Foundation Charity. 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.

^ "Visit and Explore". The Blenheim Palace Heritage Foundation Charity. 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.

^ See Ordnance Survey maps via map sources: 51.852°N 1.372°W

^ Westall, Mark (23 July 2015). "Lawrence Weiner American artist and founding figure of Conceptual Art to be next artist at Blenheim Art Foundation". FAD Magazine. Retrieved 2 October 2015.

^ Kennedy, Maev (28 August 2014). "Ai Weiwei prepares for Blenheim Palace show but must keep his distance". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2015.

^ "Lawrence Weiner. Within a Realm of Distance". 27 July 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.

^ "$5 million solid gold toilet stolen in "surreal" Blenheim Palace heist". De Zeen. 16 September 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2022.

^ "Blenheim Palace makes most TV and film appearances". Oxford Mail. 21 February 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2022.

^ "Blenheim... the ultimate movie palace". www.henleylife.co.uk. Retrieved 25 May 2022.

^ "Go 'on location' with Blenheim Palace's new film trail". Group Leisure and Travel. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2022.

References

Bingham, Jane (2015). The Cotswolds: A Cultural History. Signal Books. ISBN 978-1909930223.

Colvin, Howard (2007). A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840 (4th ed.). New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12508-5.

Cooper, Dana (2014), Informal Ambassadors: American Women, Transatlantic Marriages, and Anglo-American Relations, 1865–1945., The Kent State University Press, ISBN 9781612778365 – via Project MUSE

Cropplestone, Trewin (1963). World Architecture. London: Hamlyn.

Dal Lago, Adalbert (1966). Ville Antiche. Milan: Fratelli Fabbri Editori.

Downes, Kerry (1979). Hawksmoor. London: Thames & Hudson.

Downes, Kerry (1987). Sir John Vanbrugh: A Biography. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 9780283994975.

Field, Ophelia (2002). The Favourite: Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough. London: Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-76808-8.

Games, Stephen (2014). Pevsner: The Complete Broadcast Talks: Architecture and Art on Radio and Television, 1945–1977. Routledge. ISBN 978-1409461975.

Girouard, Mark (1978). Life in the English Country House. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300022735.

Green, David Brontë (1982) [1950]. Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire. Oxford: Alden Press.

Halliday, F. E. (1967). An Illustrated Cultural History of England. London: Thames & Hudson.

Harlin, Robert (1969). Historic Houses. London: Condé Nast Publications.

Mavor, William Fordyce (2010) [1787]. Blenheim, a poem. Gale Ecco. ISBN 978-1170457344.

Pevsner, Nikolaus; Sherwood, Jennifer (1974). The Buildings of England: Oxfordshire. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 459–475. ISBN 0-14-071045-0.

Purcell, Mark (2019). The Country House Library. New Haven, US and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-24868-5.

Spencer-Churchill, The Lady Henrietta (2013). Blenheim and the Churchill Family – A personal portrait of one of the most important buildings in Europe. CICO Books. ISBN 978-1782490593.

Tintner, Adeline R. (2015). Edith Wharton in Context: Essays on Intertextuality. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-5840-2.

Turner, Roger (1999). Capability Brown and the Eighteenth century English Landscape (2nd ed.). Chichester: Phillimore.

Vanderbilt, Arthur II (1989). Fortune's Children: The Fall of the House of Vanderbilt. London: Michael Joseph.

Vanderbilt Balsan, Consuelo (2012) [1953]. The Glitter and the Gold: The American Duchess-In Her Own Words. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1250017185.

Watkin, David (1979). English Architecture. London: Thames & Hudson.

Further reading

Conniff, Richard (February 2001). "The House that John Built". Smithsonian Journeys. Archived from the original on 2 October 2002.

Cornforth, John (2004). Early Georgian Interiors. New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale University Press for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, pp. 275–9 ISBN 978-0-30-010330-4 OCLC 938151474

Murdoch, Tessa (ed.) (2006). Noble Households: Eighteenth-Century Inventories of Great English Houses. A Tribute to John Cornforth. Cambridge: John Adamson, pp. 273–83 ISBN 978-0-9524322-5-8 OCLC 78044620

Wallechinsky, David; Wallace, Irving (1981). "Excesses of the Rich and Wealthy: The Vanderbilts". The People's Almanac.

Text on the Column of Victory in the grounds of Blenheim Palace

Official website

Churchill by Oswald Birley - UK Parliament Living Heritage

Blenheim Art Foundation

Blenheim Palace at Cotswolds Website

"Blenheim Palace, Blenheim, Oxfordshire Gallery". Historic England 

. The Blenheim Palace Heritage Foundation Charity. 2022. Retrieved 2

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Other Men’s Flowers

https://www.bing.com/search?form=EX0050&q=A.P.%20Wavell&shtp=GetUrl&shid=ece680ee-29bd-408b-8e11-3cfc2bb88584&shtk=QXJjaGliYWxkIFdhdmVsbCwgMXN0IEVhcmwgV2F2ZWxs&shdk=RmllbGQgTWFyc2hhbCBBcmNoaWJhbGQgUGVyY2l2YWwgV2F2ZWxsLCAxc3QgRWFybCBXYXZlbGwsIHdhcyBhIHNlbmlvciBvZmZpY2VyIG9mIHRoZSBCcml0aXNoIEFybXkuIEhlIHNlcnZlZCBpbiB0aGUgU2Vjb25kIEJvZXIgV2FyLCB0aGUgQmHigKY%3D&shhk=baLAz0RbQKNnGgXnX5e5zxG5tgw%2Fo0f2Jowv3wIOejc%3D&shth=OSK.HEROA3ffuArAGGi4_Vy9FfY4ocGeB8irw-yld20UbRsig9U

Wavell at right meets Lieutenant General Quinan the commander of British and Indian Army forces in Iraq in April 1941.

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Hubble Team Breaks Cosmic Distance Record

Astronomers have observed lots of galaxies at different distances. By comparing them we can begin to understand how galaxies and their stars are born, how they change and how they die over time.

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Gaia

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The first film of the new era for cinematographers to work in colour accepted for its evocation of the Indian scene.

The River (Jean Renoir, 1951).