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Pulmonary Medicine

The branch of medicine that deals with the causes, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases affecting the lungs.

Pulmonary medicine deals with many diseases and conditions, including: ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), asthma, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, lung cancer, lung transplants, occupational lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis of the lungs, and SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome).

Pulmonary medicine is also sometimes called pulmonology which is the science concerned with the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the lungs.

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A brain hemorrhage refers to bleeding in the brain. Brain hemorrhage is a type of stroke. It’s caused by an artery in the brain bursting and causing localized bleeding in the surrounding tissues. This bleeding kills brain cells.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term lung condition that makes it hard for you to breathe.

COPD is a common condition that mainly affects middle-aged or older adults who smoke.

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Everything You Need To Know About Inguinal Hernia

A hernia is a common condition that occurs when part of an internal organ or tissue bulges through a muscle. Hernias can occur around the belly button, through a surgical scar, in the diaphragm, or in the groin (the area between the abdomen and the thigh on both sides of the body).

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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

What is a UTI?

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection from microbes. These are organisms that are too small to be seen without a microscope. Most UTIs are caused by bacteria, but some are caused by fungi and in rare cases by viruses. UTIs are among the most common infections in humans.

A UTI can happen anywhere in your urinary tract. Your urinary tract is made up of your kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most UTIs only involve the urethra and bladder, in the lower tract. However, UTIs can involve the ureters and kidneys, in the upper tract. Although upper tract UTIs are more rare than lower tract UTIs, they’re also usually more severe.

The symptoms of a UTI can depend on age, gender, the presence of a catheter, and what part of the urinary tract has been infected.

The symptoms of a UTI can include:

A burning feeling when you pee

A frequent or intense urge to pee, even though little comes out when you do

Cloudy, dark, bloody, or strange-smelling pee

Feeling tired or shaky

Fever or chills (a sign that the infection may have reached your kidneys)

Pain or pressure in your back or lower abdomen

People with catheters may only experience fever as a symptom, making diagnosis more difficult.

Acute pyelonephritis

Acute pyelonephritis is a sudden and severe kidney infection. If an individual develops this condition they could also experience upper back and side pain, high fever, shaking, chills, fatigue, and mental changes. It is considered an emergency and should be evaluated by a doctor immediately if suspected.

Cystitis

If a person has a bladder infection, they could also experience low fever, and pressure and cramping in the abdomen and lower back.

Complications

Most UTIs are not serious, but some can lead to serious problems, particularly with upper UTIs.

Recurrent or long-lasting kidney infections can cause permanent damage, and some sudden kidney infections can be life-threatening, particularly if bacteria enter the bloodstream in a condition known as septicemia.

They can also increase the risk of women delivering infants that are premature or have a low birth weight.

There are several measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing a UTI:

Drink lots of water and urinate frequently.

Avoid fluids such as alcohol and caffeine that can irritate the bladder.

Urinate shortly after sex.

Wipe from front to back after urinating and bowel movement.

Keep the genital area clean.

Showers are preferred to baths and avoid using oils.

Sanitary pads or menstrual cups are preferred to tampons.

Avoid using a diaphragm or spermicide for birth control.

Avoid using any perfumed products in the genital area.

Wear cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothing to keep the area around the urethra dry

Talk to your doctor about managing any urinary incontinence or difficulties fully emptying your bladder.

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