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        Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’s theory of dying starts with the stage of denial. During this stage the dying person or others refuse to believe the diagnosis of death is real. In the clip, Zac Efron started in the stage of denial when he woke up and saw his brother’s dead body next to him. He repeats “no,no,no” which also shows his denial that his brother has died. The second stage is anger; the anger can be pointed towards the inability to change things or to death itself. In the clip Zac shows the stage of anger by getting worked up and yelling out his brother’s name. 

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The third stage of dying/grief is bargaining; this stage is where the dying person or grieving person tries to ‘bargain’ with God or doctors. This stage is seen in the movie when Zac Efron first sees his (dead) brother; this is symbolic of bargaining with God because he is trying to keep his brother around even though he has passed. The next stage is depression from the loss of the person; this stage is also seen through Zac’s interaction with his brother’s ghost and his withdrawnness. The last stage is acceptance which is accepting that the person has passed. This clip shows Zac Efron accepting the death of his brother, which is why he can no longer see his ghost. Once he accepts his death he is able to move on past his grief. 

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     We all die and will face death eventually. Throughout our lives, most of us will have known friends or family who have passed. We have to cope with their deaths, and it is usually harder when the death is of a spouse. When death is expected during someone’s later years, grieving is usually shorter than other scenarios. “Time heals all things”... at least i can help in the healing of grief, but also support of friends and therapy can help. In the clip, Buffy’s mom has just died and Anya has kept her grief bottled in but finally lets it out. Through the support of friends they are all able to heal and get past Joyce’s death. 

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   Self-esteem and confidence grow from early adult hood to middle adulthood, but then begins to decline. The decline is due to challenges that arise such as loss of a job, financial loss, physical decline, energy fading, and the loss of family/friends (from moving away or dying). When people go into the terminal decline phase then their life satisfaction also declines as death becomes more near. However a study showed that age gave no clue to satisfaction because from people of ages 18 - 70+, the average rating of their live was a 5. Adults in late adulthood actually showed more positive feelings. This can be contributed to the amygdala become less responsive to negative events, and therefore the adult feels less negative emotions. However the amygdala does not become less responsive to positive events, which is what we see in the video. In the video an adult in late adulthood receives a puppy and is extremely happy which shows how the amygdala still responds actively to positive events 

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    The last stage of the theory of psychosocial development is stage eight which is from 65 until death. The crisis of this stage is integrity vs. despair; integrity comes from being satisfied with one’s life. When one is unsatisfied and feels regrets then that person lives in despair. In the video, Jack Nicolson fixes things in his life such as the relationship with his daughter and “finds the joy in his life”. By doing this he choses integrity and being satisfied with his life decisions. 

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  Stage seven of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development occurs around the age of 40 to 65. The crisis is generativity vs. stagnation; generativity is about guiding others or producing creative work to enhance someone else’s life. Stagnation is when the person instead cares only about their own needs. In this video clip the coach is showing generativity because he is a coach and he is mentoring the team and caring about the generations below him. 

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  One of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development is stage six which applies to adults around the age of 21 to 40. In this stage the crisis is intimacy vs. isolation; intimacy is genuinely caring about others and sharing experiences with others. Isolation is when one does not experience intimacy and one feels alone; in the video clip Donnie is experiencing this stage and feel isolation rather than intimacy

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   Love most often endures the longest when it is marked with commitment (marriage or civil union). Love most often endures also when two people have a similarity of interests and values, a sharing of emotional and material su[port, and intimate self-discourse. However when love does not endure it can end in divorce. The high divorce rate (one for every two marriages) is partially contributed to women’s lessened economic dependence and men’s and women’s rising expectations. Divorce can also be related to having children, which take up time, money, and energy. However in the video we see an enduring marriage which reflects their happiness. This marriage is also between 2 people who share an interest of the zoo that they both work out, which shows how similarities of interests can strengthen bonds. 

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   The social clock is the time that social events occur according to a culture. In the video, Mr. Robins explains some parts of the social clock, such as at 30 you start to raise a family and at 70 you retire. The video also is an example of a midlife transition or as many call it “midlife crisis”, which is a time of feeling struck down by life. Even though people think that this surge occurs in the 40s it is not triggered by age but by major events. In the video the trigger for  Mr. Robins is the loss of freedom in his job. This video also shows the role of work in one’s adulthood. Work will make you happy if it fits your interests and gives you a sense of accomplishment. However in the video, Mr.Robins does not feel happy with his work and does not feel a sense of accomplishment. 

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       Fluid intelligence is intelligence that requires speed and rapid learning while crystallized intelligence is intelligence consisted of knowledge and skills. Although fluid intelligence decreases with age, crystalized intelligence improves with age. In this video, a kid tries to say all the bad words he knows which would be his crystalized intelligence. When he gets older though, he will know more bad words and his crystalized intelligence will improve. 

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   Regarding cognition and memory, with age the recall of information decreases to an extent but our abilities to learn and remember differ. During early adulthood, some types of learning and remembering peak, but once an adult reaches one’s terminal decline, cognitive decline is speed up. How well older people remember depends on what it is they are trying to remember (it is harder for older people to remember meaningless information). In this video, women in late adulthood talked about their first kiss. Some of the things that stick in our memories into late adulthood are our “firsts”.

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    Middle adulthood brings some sexual changes, such as menopause for women and decline in sperm count, testosterone level, and speed of erection and ejaculation for men. Menopause is when a woman no longer goes through menstrual cycles and one of the effects can be hot flashes. In the clip one woman complains about her hot flash, which is a sign she is experiencing menopause. 

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  The sensory abilities of smell, hearing, and eyesight diminish with age. Eye sight diminishes because the pupil of the eye shrinks so the lens becomes more opaque which reduces the amount of light the retina gets. This causes a blurriness of sight and less acute distance perception and adaptation to light level changes. In this movie clip, the men do an eye test and the oldest of them is unable to see clearly. This is due to the diminishing of sight with age. 

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           Unfortunately, strength and stamina decrease in late adulthood. However this does not mean one should stop exercising. Exercising has many benefits such as enhancement of muscles, bones, and energy; it also helps in preventing obesity and heart disease and it stimulates brain cell development and neural connections. In the video, a man in late adulthood, still has the vigor to dance but it seems in the end he loses stamina (which is natural). Dancing in itself is exercise and is good for one’s health.