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Caperucita roja / 빨간 모자 - Parte 1

¡Buenos días a todxs!

   A continuación van a encontrar vocabulario del cuento infantil de Caperucita roja, que espero les sirva a todo aquel que este aprendiendo coreano (yo misma soy una aprendiz del idioma), y debo admitir que los días que no tengo ganas de estudiar coreano, intento leer un cuento que ya conozca/ webtoon, escuchar noticias en coreano o música. De ese modo, practico el 듣기 (escuchar), y descubro nuevo vocabulario o expresiones, que siempre anoto en un cuadernito.

   Van a encontrar el cuento completo en coreano (pero en partes) y debajo el desgloce de las palabras

옛날 옛날에 모두의 사랑을 받는 작고 귀여운 소녀가 있었습니다. 하지만 그 소녀를 가장 사랑하는 것은 그녀의 할머니였습니다. 할머니는 소녀에게 무엇을 줘야 할지 몰랐습니다. 한번은 할머니가 소녀에게 붉은 벨벳으로 만들어진 모자를 선물했습니다. 소녀에게 그 모자가 잘 어울렸고, 소녀가 그 모자가 아닌 다른 것은 쓰지 않으려고 했습니다. 그래서 그 소녀는 '빨간 모자'라고 불렸습니다. 어느 날, 소녀의 엄마가 그녀에게 말했습니다. "빨간 모자, 여기로 와보렴. 여기 케이크 한 조각과 와인 한 병을 할머니에게 가져다 주렴. 할머니가 편찮으시니까 네가 가면 기뻐하실 거야. 더워지기 전에 출발하렴. 그리고 할머니 댁에 갈 때, 조심해서 가고 길에서 벗어나지 마렴. 그렇지 않으면 네가 넘어져서 병을 깨뜨릴 거야. 그러면 할머니는 아무것도 받지 못하신단다. 그리고 할머니 방에 가면, 먼저 인사하고 방 안 구석구석을 살펴보는 것을 잊지 말아라!"

옛날: Pasado, antigüedad

모두: Todo/s

사랑: Amor

받다: Recibir, obtener

작다: Pequeño

귀엽다 : Tierno (que algo o alguien es tierno) es seguido de un sustantivo, ejemplo: 귀여운 소녀 (chica tierna/ bonita/ cute)

소녀: chica

있다: Verbo de tener, estar, existir

하지만 : Pero

가장 : El más, mejor (en este caso “가장 사랑하는 것은 그녀의 할머니였습니다” era las más amada por su abuela)

할머니: Abuela

이다: Ser, conjugado en el pasado es 였

습니다 /ㅂ니다: Es un honorifico alto o formal, que se utiliza para hablar con desconocidos, padres, suegros, jefes (o sea, alguien que tenga un alto nivel jerárquico)

무엇: Qué

주다: Dar, entregar, ofrecer. La conjugación en presente es 줘

아/어/애야 해요/ 돼요: Tener que, debería

모르다: No saber, desconocer ( 몰랐습니다 es la conjugación en pasado + el honorifico formal. 몰라 (요) es la conjugación en presente)

한번 : Una vez ( 한 viene del número 1 하나 )

번: Contador

붉다: Rojo, carmesí

벨벳 : Velvet (en inglés) Terciopelo

만들다: Hacer, crear

만들어지다: Es la forma pasiva del verbo 만들다 (algo fue hecho por alguien)

모자: Gorra, sombrero

선물: Regalo

선물하다: Regalar

잘: Bien

잘 어울리다: Quedar bien, que algo se vea bien en alguien

아니다: No, no ser

다르다: Diferente, distinto

쓰다: Usar, ponerse (también significa escribir y amargo)

-지 않다: Se utiliza para negar algo

Verbo + (으)려고 하다: Se usa para expresar un plan o intención

그래서: Por eso, por lo tanto

그 : Ese, esa, eso, esa persona

라고 부르다 : Se usa para llamar a alguien por un apodo

부르다: Llamar, decir

불리다: Ser llamado  (forma pasiva)

어느 : Cuál, alguno (Which)

어느 날 : Un día

엄마 : Mamá

말하다: Hablar, decir

여기: Aquí, acá, esto

와보렴 :  Es una combinación de 오다 (venir), 보다 (ver o si va junto a un verbo significaría intentar, probar hacer algo) + 렴  que lo utilizan las madres para ordenar de manera cariñosa a sus hijos para que hagan algo. Entonces 여기로 와보렴 sería “Cariño ven aquí” o “Hija, cariño, ven aquí”

케이크 : Torta

한 조각 : Un pedazo

조각: Pedazo, pieza, trozo

과 / 와: Y, con

와인: Vino

한 병 : Una botella

병: Contador de botellas y frascos

가지다: Tener

주렴: En el contexto de la historia, sería igual a decir “Dáselo a la abuela, cariño”

편찮다: Difícil, incómodo, estar o sentirse enfermo/a

( 으 )시니까: 시  (es un honorifico para mostrar respeto. Y 니까 , es similar a “por esta razón, por que, ya que, por este motivo. Muestra una causa- efecto en las acciones. En este caso porque la abuela está enferma, caperucita tiene que visitarla y llevarle comida.

네: Tú

(으)면: Cuando o Sí = When / If

가다: Ir

기쁘다: Feliz, contento (tiene el nuance o sutil significado de estar satisfecho con tus propios deseos, especificando qué cosa nos hace o hizo felices)

(을)ㄹ 거예요: Expresa el futuro, ya sea de una intención o plan futuro.

덥다: Caluroso, cálido, caliente

Adejetivo + 아/어지다: Se usa para expresar el cambio de estado de algo, es similar a volverse más X. Ejemplo: 예뻐졌어 (Te volviste hermosa o más hermosa)

Verbo + 기 전에: “Antes de..”. Sirve para expresar que algo pasó o pasa antes de una acción. Ejemplo: 자기 전에 책을 읽는 것 좋아해요 (Antes de ir a dormir, me gusta leer libros o un libro)

출발하다: Salir, partir o comenzar

그리고 : Y

댁: Casa, hogar

(을)ㄹ 때: Cuando. Ejemplo: 한국어를 공부할 때 음악을 듣는 것을 좋아해요 (Cuando estudio coreano me gusta escuchar música)

조심하다: Tener cuidado

길 : Camino, calle

벗어나다: Salirse, desviarse

-지 마(요/세요): No hacer algo. Se usa para pedirle a alguien que no haga algo

그렇지 않으면 : Sino, de lo contrario

넘어지다: Caer

깨뜨리다: Romperse, quebrarse

그러면: Entonces, en ese caso

아무것도: Cualquier cosa

방: Habitación

먼저 : Primero, antes

인사하다: Saludar

구석구석 : Por todos los rincones, por todos lados

살펴보다: Buscar, revisar

잊다: Olvidar

-라: Se utiliza al final de un verbo para darle una orden al oyente. Las personas mayores pueden usarlo para dirigirse a un menor, pero no al revés.

*Si hay algún error o comentario que les gustaría hacer, es bienvenido, siempre y cuando sea respetuoso.

Soy y seguiré siendo estudiante de coreano, ya que es un idioma que me encanta, y como todo, es práctica y paciencia el querer mejorar mi nivel.

¡Felices Fiestas!

[powkawaii]

Korean learning tip

Knowing how to use something is better than knowing it’s definition. Knowing where to add a particle or when use a particular word is more important than being able to explain or fully understand that word/particle. In our native languages, there are plenty of words and grammar concepts that we couldn’t fully explain if someone asked us to, but we use them constantly. Learning in context is very important - knowing the exact definition of a word won’t help you know when to use it in a sentence for the first time; but constantly hearing/seeing that word used in real sentences will gradually give you the ability to use it in your own sentences. Your thought process will end up becoming like this: “ah no I won’t use that word here because it doesn’t feel right and I’ve never heard it used that way before - I think I’ll use this word instead”. Learn to feel the structure and nuance of Korean by getting familiar with super common sentences/phrases rather than trying to memorise whole vocab lists, as the words are not just building blocks that you string together to make a sentence.

[powkawaii]

reading a text in another language but saying the numbers in your mother tongue

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“Something going on between us” in KOREAN SLANG

“썸” 

A very popular neologism in Korea, “썸[some]” is a grey area in the beginning of a relationship. Two people are seeing each other but it never means they are together or couple. It’s the mellow and confusing moment between two people.

We have something going on between us.

= (우리) 썸이에요.

= (우리) 썸 타는 중이에요.

= (우리) 썸 타고 있어요. 

E.g.

A :   요즘 만나는 사람 있어요? Are you seeing someone these days?

B :   네, 직장에서 만나는 사람이 있어요. Yes, in work.

A :   잘 되고 있어요? Is it working well?

B :   네, 썸 타고 있어요. Yes, there’s something going on between us.

[powkawaii]

I don’t even procrastinate anymore I just straight up neglect 100% of my responsibilities

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You know what’s fun about language is how you can use a word with perfect confidence 38,381 times but then when you go to use it the 38,382nd time you have to pull out the dictionary just to be sure you’re doing it right.

[powkawaii]

Lesser Known Language Learning Tips

((ways that get you closer to learning as you did with your first language))

–most ideas were found in “How to Learn a Language : INPUT (why most methods don’t work)” (see below)

1. Context

Comprehensible input is key. Receiving the language in “messages” that you can understand. Having visual aids (show/movie) or not being completely blind to the content (reading a book you already know in a different language) are good examples.

Acquisition not just rote memorization is the point. In one video I watched this was explained as: being told a joke and immediately getting it vs. having the details of a joke explained to you. You will hold onto that information because it made intuitive sense to you (and also maybe was interesting to you). Relying on your brain’s natural pattern recognition systems will do you better.

2. Maximizing Input

If you would watch a video in a foreign language, it’s best to watch with subtitles in that language and watch with a good amount of focus. Reading a book is alright as well but the input isn’t as great because you don’t have all the sensory information available in videos (and especially if you consider the rate of input). Also, you would be driven to look more words and grammar structures up in a book (most of which you won’t even retain). Allowing your brain to receive this information passively is actually good! You won’t notice all that your brain absorbs in that moment but in downtime, your subconscious behind to recall and connect and store details, or certain small details may resurface later. Stricter forms of learning shouldn’t be done away with entirely of course, it can trigger acquisition to some degree anyway. And if you’re taking a class, acquisition isn’t always the quickest way to learn the material.

3. Talking =/= Practice

Talking and conversations themselves are not the key for language acquisition. Instead, shadowing seems to be a more important method to use. Shadowing consists of watching native speakers (preferably in video) and mimicking them. Copying the movements of their mouths and getting a hang of the phonemes in the language are something that this method offers. You are also bound to begin distinguishing between different accents and colloquial vs formal speech. When starting with a new language (especially one with vastly different sounds from any you speak), it is important not to overextend yourself. Don’t reach the point of frustration. It’s suggested that you begin with just a few syllables. You can slowly extend the amount of time you spend in practice. Additional tips: slowing down the video + recording your voice to track your inprovement in pronunciation

4) Making your experience positive

Immediately forcing yourself to speak with other people is actually not the greatest for everyone. You may start associating the language with negativity due to embarrassment and shame. As a result, you may be less inclined to study or place mental blocks in your mind. Causing yourself to get overly frustrated while studying is also not a good idea.

[powkawaii]

길 찾기 - Finding the way

이쪽 - This way 그쪽 - That way 저쪽 - That way (over there) 오른쪽 - Right side 왼쪽 - Left side 안 - Inside 옆 - Next 쭉 - Straight 똑바로 - Straight 계단 - Stairs / steps 근처 -Nearby -(으)로 - To… (place / direction) 올라가다 - To go up 내려가다 - To go down 올라오다 - To come up 내려오다 - To come down 나가다 - To go out 들어가다 - To go in  나오다 - To come out 들어오다 - To come in  길을 건너다 - To cross the road  -을/를 지나다 - To pass 층 - Floor counter (e.g. 2nd floor, 3rd floor)

-(으)세요 - Turns a sentence into a polite command -아서/어서/해서 - Used a connective adding the meaning of then (e.g. go straight then turn right)

극장이 어디에 있어요? - Where is the cinema? 길을 건너서 똑바로 가세요 - Please cross the road then go straight  커피숍이 어디에 있어요? - Where is the coffee shop? 커피숍은 백화점 안에 있어요. 백화점 안으로 들어가서 2층으로 가세요 - The coffee shop is in the department store. Please go into to department store and then to the 2nd floor. 

🎐A&R🎐

[powkawaii]

[powkawaii]

Hey, did my ask get eaten by tumblr (I was just wondering since that's been happening a lot recently)? It's about what determines how many letters are placed in a block and how you know how to write a certain amount per block.

Hey anon! It must’ve because I didn’t receive an ask related to this! Tumblr continuously eats the asks that people send to me…sometimes I will get 30 ask notifications in a day and only see ten or even one. So, if people are sending asks to me and they aren’t being answered: 1) I’ve deleted them because they’re personal or unrelated to my blog, 2) I’ve answered them already, or 3) (which is the most likely) Tumblr ate it… 

To my followers, remember to use the search bar on the top of my blog to see if I’ve already answered your question, also check my FAQ, linked for your convenience :)

As for your question, Anon! This kind of took me a while to write, so bear with me! This will be a long post, so I will insert a “read more” button:

In Korean, as you know, we have syllable blocks. I won’t get into a pronunciation guide at this moment but think of this as Part 1 to a two-part series of syllable structure in terms of Hangul (한글). Go to Batchim (받침) for more on the lower part of syllables.

The syllable structure is actually a pretty basic need-to-know when

it comes to understanding written Korean and Hangul (한글). Please reference the above

Hangul (한글) link if you are unfamiliar with the Korean alphabet.

For the most basic form, let’s start with something easy. Korean syllables ONLY start with CONSONANTS and follow always

with VOWELS. Here is an example:

EXCEPTIONS: Of course you have 이응 (“ㅇ”)

which can be classified silent if it is before a vowel in a syllabic structure.

It is STILL a consonant even though it’s null. The same could be said for

히읗 (“ㅎ”) when if follows after a consonant in the next syllable (remember: this is about structure and how the syllables are written)

Here is another example of basic syllable structure:

Sometimes syllable structures can get a little tricky when they have more than two characters. But remember this:

Syllables start with a CONSONANT in position 1 (ONE), followed by a VOWEL in position 2 (TWO). It can end there in position 2, but a syllable structure will always have a CONSONANT in positions 3 (THREE) and 4 (FOUR). 

먹 from 먹다 - to eat

목 - neck / throat

To finish these are the last syllabic structure you need to know for Korean:

왕 - king

As you can see, any dipthong can count as two vowels! You can see it as one or two, but know that a dipthong can take the spot of two places.

싫 from 싫다 - to dislike / hate

I really hope that this helped, anon! Sorry for prematurely posting it! Happy Learning :) (and stay tuned for part two on sound change!)

~ SK101

[powkawaii]

Me studying Korean:

Me speaking Korean:

[powkawaii]

Essential Vocabulary to remember

There are so many words in Korean, however, it is very hard to remember all of them. This is a list of words that I think are essential and that I should always remember. To memorize them just read this everyday. I’ll be adding more whenever I find new words, so keep checking this post for updates. Feel free to use this as a reference as well!

Greetings + Farewells:

안녕히 가세요: Good-bye! (to one who is leaving). Tip: 가 means go.

안녕히 계세요: Good-bye! (to one who is staying). 

수고하십니다: Hello! (to someone working)

수고하세요: Good-bye! (to someone working)

수고하셨어요: Thank you for helping me or Well done!

여보세요: Hello! or Hey there! (Hello on the telephone, or when peering into a dark house. Also means Look here!)

만나서 반갑습니다: Nice to meet you; nice to see you.

처음뵙겠습니다: Pleased to make your acquaintance.

또 뵙겠습니다: See you later! (Formal).

또 봐요: See you later! (Polite).

어서 오세요: Welcome!

들어 오세요: Come in!

앉으세요: Please take a seat/sit down.

어떻게 지내세요?: How are you doing?

잘 지내요: I am fine.

그저 그래요: So-so.

모든 것이 괜찮습니다!: It’s all good!

이름이 뭐예요?: What is your name?

성함이 어떻게 되서요?: What is you name? (Formal)

어디에서 오셨어요?: Where are you from?

나는 (insert country here) 사람이에요: I am (insert country here) person.

나 는(insert country + 에) 살고 있습니다: I live in (interest country here).

Apologies:

실례햅니다: Excuse me (for what I’m doing).

실례했습니다: Excuse me (for what I did).

실례하겠습니다: Excuse me (for what I’m about to do).

미안합니다 or 죄송합니다: I’m Sorry or Excuse me.

아니오, 괜찮아요: Not at all, it’s alright; No, thanks. 

Thank you + No problem

고맙습니다: Thank you.

감사합니다: Thank you.

천만에요 or 뭘요: You’re welcome! or Don’t mention it!

Good to remember if you’re ever speaking to a Korean person:

듣기만 하세요: Just listen , please.

따라 하세요: Please repeat (after me).

다 같이: All together.

다시 한번: One more time.

말하세요: Please answer.

다시 말씀해 주세요: Please say it for me again. Please repeat.

크게 말씀해 주세요: Please say it loudly.

천천히 말씀해 주세요: Please say it slowly.

한국말로 하세요: Please say it in Korean.

영어로 하지 마세요: Please don’t say it in English.

알겠어요?: Do you understand?

네, 알겠어요: Yes, I understand.

아니오, 모르겠어요: No, I don’t understand.

질문 있어요?: Any questions?

네, 있어요: Yes, I have/Yes, there are.

아니오,없어요: No, I haven’t.

십 분만 쉽시다: Let’s rest for ten minutes.

늦어서 죄송합니다: Sorry I’m late.

“Insert word here” 한국어로 뭐예요?: How do you say “insert word here” in Korean?

“Insert Korean word here” 이라고 해요: You say “insert Korean word here.”

이 게 뭐예요?: What is this?

이 건 제 거 예요: This is my thing.

그 건 제 거 예요: That is my thing.

(Insert name here)는 어디에 있어요?: Where is (insert name here).

제 (Insert object name here)이 어디에 있어요?: Where is my (insert object name here).

화장실이 어디에 있어요?: Where is the toilet?

저는 돼지고기가 안 먹어요: I don’t eat pork.

저는 돼지고기가 못 먹어요: I can’t eat pork.

Ways to connect sentences:

그래서: And so…, And then…, Therefore…

그래도: Even so…, Nevertheless

그리고: And also…, And then…

그런데: But…, And then…, By the way… 

People:

교수(님): Professor (honorific)

선생(님): Teacher (honorific)

박사(님): Dr., Ph.D (honorific)

외교관: Diplomat

사람: Person

아내 or 집사람: Wife (my)

부인: Wife (your/his)

남편: Husband

친구: Friend

학생: Student

가수: Singer

씨: Polite title for name

어머니: Mother

아버지: Father

부모(님): Parents (honorific)

아이 ~ 애: Child

아기 ~ 애기: Baby

아저씨: Mister (way of referring to or addressing a man old enough to be married).

아가씨: Young Lady (way to referring to or address an unmarried young woman).

남자: Man

남자친구: Boyfriend

여자: Woman

여자친구: Girlfriend

Things or objects:

제폼: Manufactured good(s)

수입폼: Imported goods

신문: Newspaper

잡지: Magazine

책: Book

공책: Notebook

분필: Chalk

연필: Pencil

볼펜: Ball pen 

펜: Pen

종이: Paper

칠판: Blackboard

우산: Umbrella

성냠: Matches

담배: Cigarettes 

전부: The whole thing, total

다: All, everything

전부다: Everything, all of it

말: Language, words

책상: Desk

상: Table

그림: Picture

의자: Chair

창문: Window

문: Door, gate

나무: Tree

가방: Bag, briefcase

Places:

집: House, home

학교: School

대학교: University

교실: Classroom

방: Room

서점: Bookstore

기숙사: Dormitory, residence hall

학생회관: Student union [building]

회장실: Toilet, restroom, bathroom, washroom

대사관: Embassy

영사관: Consulate 

건물: Building

시청: City Hall

공원: Park

들판: Field

백화점: Department Store

시장: Marker

정문: Main gate (e.g., of a university)

근처: Vicinity 

가게: Shop, store

역: Train station

차고: Garage

여기: Here

거기: There

저기: Over there

어디: Where

Other Items:

얼마: How many? How much?

천: Thousand

원: Korean money unit

돈: Money

바로: Just, right (below, above, etc.), straight (adverb)

있어요: It exists, there is/are

없어요: It does not exist, there is not/aren’t

주세요: Please give

Miscellaneous Vocabulary:

나: I

우리: We, our

누가: Who? (as subject)

누구: Who? (non-subject)

무엇, 뭐: What?

아니에요: No; it is not

그렇지만: But

그러면: Then, in that case, if so

그럼: Then, in that case

이 NOUN: This NOUN

그 NOUN: That NOUN

저 NOUN: Yon NOUN, That NOUN [way] over there

무슨 NOUN: Which/what kind of NOUN?

어느 NOUN: Which/what (one/NOUN)?

곳: Place

분: Person (honorific)

Place Nouns:

안에: Inside (안 tends to mean the inside of loosely filled spaces: a room, a building, a garden…)

속에: Inside (속 tends to mean the inside of things which are normally well filled or which are easily filled up: a suitcase, a drawer…)

밖에: Outside

위에: Above, over, on (top)

밑에: At the bottom, below under(neath)

아래 (에): Below, lower, down (에 is not pronounced)

앞에: In front

뒤에: At the back; behind

근처에: Near, in the vicinity of

옆에: Next to, beside

편 (or 쪽에): Side, direction

왼편 ~ 쪽에: On the left

오른편 ~ 쪽에: On the right

맞은편에: Across from, opposite

건너편에: Across from, opposite

사이에: Between

Animals:

개: Dog

고양이: Cat

Other:

그래요?: Is that so? Really?

그래요: That’s so. Really.

항상: Always.

많아요: Many.

큰: Big

뭘 찾아요?: What are you looking for?

Vocabulary from Elementary Korean Second Edition

[powkawaii]

Friendly reminder that learning a language is for life. It isn’t about passing a test or scores. It’s about learning a means of communication.

[powkawaii]

pouty baby ♡ (x,x,x,x,x)

[powkawaii]

who wants to hear the story about how a girl in my spanish 2 class fought back against the horrible spanish teacher and won

if this gets 2 notes i will tell it

[powkawaii]

¿Sabías que?

Cuando duermes en un entorno desconocido o nuevo, sólo la mitad de tu cerebro descansa, mientras que la otra mitad se mantiene en constante guardia.