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Centrifugal Pumps
How do they work?
Centrifugal Pumps are the most preferred pumps in the Hydraulic world. At the heart of the system lies the impeller. It has got a series of curved vanes fitted inside shroud plates. This impeller is always immersed in water. When the impeller is made to rotate the fluid surrounding it also rotate. This imparts centrifugal force to the water particles and the water moves radially out. Since rotational mechanical energy is transferred to the fluid at discharge side of the impeller, both pressure and kinetic energy of water will rise. At suction side water is getting displaced so a negative pressure will be inducted at the eye. Such low pressure helps in sucking freshwater stream into the system again and this process continues. This is the reason why priming is important for centrifugal pumps. If water isn't present initially, the negative pressure developed by the rotating air at eye of the impeller will be negligibly be small to stuck fresh stream of water. Impeller is fitted inside a casing. So the water moving out will be collected inside it and will move in same direction of rotation of impeller to the discharge nozzle.
Advantages
1) Since these are designed at a smaller size, they are highly compact and space efficient.
2) Do not require very frequent maintenance.
3) They have the capacity to process a larger volume of product.
4) They don’t require any valves, or many moving parts. This makes them easy to produce with many different materials
5) Their output is highly consistent.
Disadvantages
1) They must be put under water or primed prior to its usage.
2) It can develop a phenomenon called cavitation that causes bubbles in the liquid which can be corrosive to the pump in long run.
3) Cannot deal with high viscous fluids.
Application
Centrifugal pumps are commonly used for pumping water, solvents, organics, oils, acids, bases and any ‘thin’ liquids in both industrial, agricultural and domestic applications. In fact, there is a design of centrifugal pump suitable for virtually any application involving low viscosity fluids. In short they can be used at places with less intensive usage. As long as liquids aren't viscous it will be consistent and reliable.
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