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Week 10: Digital Citizenship and Conflict: Social Media Governance

In today’s interconnected world, the balance between digital citizenship and social media governance has become a pressing issue, touching on critical areas like misinformation, hate speech, and user privacy. While digital citizenship emphasizes responsible technology use, understanding one's rights and responsibilities online, social media governance entails the systems, policies, and practices platforms use to regulate content, manage user behavior, and protect data privacy.

Influence of Social Media

Social media platforms wield immense influence over the way individuals interact online. Gillespie (2018) critiques the ambiguous governance practices employed by platforms, highlighting how algorithmic moderation can inadvertently suppress marginalized voices, undermining inclusivity and trust. Algorithmic biases often prioritize or suppress certain types of content, fostering an environment of distrust and reducing openness, which is central to digital citizenship.

In addition, McAfee and Brynjolfsson (2017) emphasize the transformative impact of technology, particularly AI and platforms, on governance systems. They call for proactive measures to address issues like misinformation, while balancing the complexities of content regulation with freedom of expression.

Linking Digital Literacy

To address governance challenges, digital literacy emerges as a key solution. Educating users about governance practices and the impact of algorithmic decisions enables them to critically evaluate content and participate more actively in online platforms. Hague and Payton (2010) emphasize the importance of digital literacy in encouraging civic engagement, making it essential for users to understand how platform policies influence their online experiences.

Bakshy et al. (2015) further highlight how social media algorithms influence exposure to diverse viewpoints, underlining the need for algorithmic transparency. Their study shows that informed users are better equipped to critically engage with content and resist selective exposure that fosters echo chambers.

Practical Examples

Real-world examples illustrate the challenges of social media governance and its implications for digital citizenship. For instance, Twitter's labeling of COVID-19 misinformation during the pandemic drew attention to the fine balance between content moderation and free speech. While the initiative was aimed at protecting public health, debates arose around potential censorship. This case highlights the importance of transparent governance strategies that safeguard users while maintaining the principles of open discourse.

Another example is Instagram’s response to the #BlackLivesMatter movement. The platform initially faced backlash for banning hashtags related to the movement, only to later reinstate them following user protests. Lloyd (2021) examines how social media plays a dual role—amplifying marginalized voices while struggling to navigate the complexities of governance.

Additionally, van Dijck (2013) explores the broader cultural impact of social media platforms, emphasizing their role in shaping digital norms. Governance practices, according to van Dijck, must not only address issues of content moderation but also actively foster inclusivity and digital responsibility.

Conclusion

Navigating the complex interplay between digital citizenship and social media governance requires collaboration between platforms and users. Platforms must prioritize transparency, proactive governance, and accountability, while users need to be empowered through education and critical engagement. Together, these efforts can foster community norms that promote inclusivity, trust, and responsible online behavior, strengthening the foundation of digital citizenship in an increasingly polarized digital landscape. REFERENCES: Gillespie , T. (2018). Custodians of the Internet. Google Books. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=vi&lr=&id=cOJgDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Gillespie Mc AFEE , A., & Brynjolfsson, E. (2017). Machine, Platform, Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future. Google Books. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=vi&lr=&id=zh1DDQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1905&dq=McAfee Bakshy, E., Messing, S., & Adamic, L. (2015). Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science, 348(6239), 1130–1132. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa1160 van Dijck, J. (2025). The Culture of Connectivity. Google Books. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=vi&lr=&id=h5PbaKHoih0C&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=van+Dijck Mundt, M., Ross, K., & Burnett, C. M. (2018). Scaling social movements through social media: The case of Black lives matter. Social Media + Society, 4(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118807911

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Week 9: Gaming Communities, Social Gaming and Live Streaming

The evolution of gaming through online technologies has transformed digital interactions, giving rise to gaming communities, social gaming, and live streaming. These elements redefine gameplay, social interaction, and digital etiquette while influencing identity and community engagement.

Critical Engagement

Gaming communities serve as digital spaces where players connect, build identities, and find social support (Mu, Zhang, & Huang, 2023). However, they also face challenges like toxicity and exclusion. This dual nature raises questions about the responsibilities of gamers and platforms to foster inclusivity. Eshet (2004) highlights the importance of digital literacy for navigating these interactions effectively. Understanding these dynamics can promote positive social engagement and mitigate harmful behaviors.

Social gaming enhances collaboration and engagement among players but risks creating echo chambers that limit diverse viewpoints. Live streaming, as Taylor (2018) discusses, serves as both entertainment and a tool for fostering participatory culture, enabling real-time interaction. However, these spaces are not immune to issues like harassment and the pressure to conform to audience expectations.

Examples

The LGBTQ+ gaming community exemplifies inclusivity through initiatives like Pride Month streams, which foster acceptance and engagement. This contrasts with toxic environments in competitive games like League of Legends, where Kou (2020) documents common behaviors such as flaming and harassment.

Streamers like Tyler "Ninja" Blevins illustrate how live streaming can cultivate strong community bonds. However, this also raises concerns about responsibility, as influential streamers shape norms and behaviors within gaming spaces.

Conclusion

Gaming communities, social gaming, and live streaming are reshaping how people interact digitally. Promoting inclusivity, collaboration, and critical thinking is essential to building equitable and supportive gaming environments. With careful attention to digital citizenship and responsible platform management, gaming spaces can become positive and inclusive for all participants.

REFERENCES:

Zhang, Z., Mu, H., & Huang, S. (2023). Playing to Save Sisters: How Female Gaming Communities Foster Social Support within Different Cultural Contexts. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2023.2254432 Taylor, T. L. (2018). Watch Me Play. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691184975 Yoram Eshet. (2004). Digital Literacy: A Conceptual Framework for Survival Skills in the Digital era. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 13(1), 93–106. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/4793/ Kowert, R., & Oldmeadow, J. A. (2015). Playing for social comfort: Online video game play as a social accommodator for the insecurely attached. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 556–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.004 Kou, Y. (2020). Toxic Behaviors in Team-Based Competitive Gaming: The Case of League of Legends. Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play. https://doi.org/10.1145/3410404.3414243

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WEEK 8:Digital Citizenship and Instagram Filters: Navigating Identity in a Filtered World

In an era dominated by visual social media, Instagram filters—a form of virtual body modification—prompt critical discussions about digital citizenship and the responsibilities of users and platforms alike. These filters, which enhance photos by altering skin tone, removing blemishes, or exaggerating facial features, play a significant role in how individuals curate and present themselves online. Examining this practice through the lens of digital citizenship and software literacy highlights its impact on societal beauty standards, mental health, and authenticity.

The Social and Psychological Effects of Filters

Research illustrates the complex relationship between filters and self-perception. Studies by Tiggemann and Slater (2014) suggest that the frequent use of filters contributes to increased body dissatisfaction and distorted self-image, especially among young individuals. Filters often set unattainable standards of beauty, perpetuated by social media algorithms that promote heavily curated content. The pressure to conform to these ideals not only distorts reality but also affects mental health, leading to feelings of inadequacy and a loss of authenticity.

Filters are more than just playful tools—they reflect societal values and norms about beauty and identity. This duality poses significant questions for digital citizenship: Are users critically engaging with how filters shape their perceptions? Are platforms considering the ethical ramifications of endorsing filtered content that reinforces unrealistic standards?

Linking to Software Literacy and Health Education

The concept of software literacy—understanding and critically engaging with digital tools—is integral to navigating the filter phenomenon. By improving software literacy, users can recognize how filters and algorithms manipulate their online experience, empowering them to make more informed choices. Similarly, integrating health education principles fosters a healthier relationship with social media. Efforts to educate users about the psychological effects of filters can encourage critical consumption and promote authenticity in digital spaces.

Health promotion initiatives that combine digital citizenship education and body positivity campaigns can further empower users. For instance, community-driven movements can create environments where individuals feel supported to challenge conventional beauty ideals and celebrate diversity.

Examples of Counter-Movements and Influences

The #NoFilter movement has emerged as a powerful response to the dominance of filtered images. Advocating for unaltered, authentic representations, this movement inspires individuals to embrace their natural selves and reject societal pressures. Research by Harrison and Hefner (2014) confirms that such campaigns can positively impact self-image and foster healthier digital interactions.

Conversely, the influence of beauty-focused content creators often reinforces the allure of filters and editing tools. Prominent figures, such as NikkieTutorials, showcase the creative possibilities of filters but also highlight the tension between artistic expression and the responsibility to promote realistic ideals. This contrast emphasizes the need for users and creators to engage thoughtfully with the content they produce and consume.

Conclusion

The widespread use of Instagram filters illustrates the intersection of personal identity, technology, and societal values. By encouraging critical engagement with these tools, fostering software literacy, and promoting health education, users can cultivate a more balanced and authentic digital presence. This approach not only enhances individual well-being but also contributes to a digital culture that values diversity and self-acceptance over curated perfection.

REFERENCES: Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2013). NetGirls: The Internet, Facebook, and Body Image Concern in Adolescent Girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 46(6), 630–633. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22141 Harrison, K., & Hefner, V. (2006). Media Exposure, Current and Future Body Ideals, and Disordered Eating Among Preadolescent Girls: A Longitudinal Panel Study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(2), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-9008-3 Zuckerman, E. (2019). The case for digital public infrastructure. Journal of Communication, 69(5), 361–378 https://www.journalismliberty.org/s/zuckerman-digital-infrastructure-cjl-nov2020.pdf McLeroy, K. R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., & Glanz, K. (1988). An Ecological Perspective on Health Promotion Programs. Health Education Quarterly, 15(4), 351–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500401

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WEEK 7 : Digital Citizenship and Body Modification on Visual Social Media

In the digital era, the intersection of body modification and visual social media presents both opportunities and challenges, particularly concerning digital citizenship and health education. Body modification—defined as the intentional alteration of the body for aesthetic, cultural, or personal identity purposes—has gained significant visibility on platforms like Instagram and TikTok. This phenomenon raises critical questions about its influence on societal beauty standards, self-identity, and mental health.

The Role of Social Media

Social media plays a powerful role in shaping body image perceptions and normalizing body modification practices. Tiggemann and Slater (2013) found that exposure to idealized body images on social media often leads to body dissatisfaction and reduced self-esteem. This highlights the importance of critically engaging with such content and questions whether platforms are effectively addressing the negative effects caused by the propagation of unrealistic beauty ideals.

"Filter culture," where users enhance their images digitally, exacerbates this issue further by creating a blurred line between reality and artificial standards of beauty. Abdoli et al. (2024) emphasize that this phenomenon significantly impacts individuals' self-perception, contributing to growing insecurities and body dysmorphia. Such findings underscore the need for heightened awareness and responsible digital citizenship when navigating these curated digital spaces.

Connecting to Health Education

Health education provides an essential framework to address these challenges. McLeroy et al. (1988) emphasize the importance of health literacy and community-driven support systems in fostering healthier body image perspectives. By equipping individuals with the ability to critically analyze content and resist harmful narratives, health education empowers them to make informed decisions. Community initiatives further offer a supportive environment for individuals navigating the pressures of body modification influenced by social media.

Case Studies

The contrasting approaches of social media influencers illustrate the complex dynamic of body modification representation. For instance, Ashley Graham, a body positivity advocate, promotes diverse body standards and encourages self-acceptance, fostering positive discourse on body image. Conversely, some influencers excessively endorse cosmetic surgeries, reinforcing unattainable beauty ideals and contributing to body dissatisfaction among their followers. These cases highlight the dual-edged impact of body modification content on social media and the importance of critical engagement.

Conclusion

The interplay between body modification and social media calls for responsible digital citizenship that prioritizes awareness and critical engagement. By integrating health education principles, promoting community support, and fostering informed digital practices, individuals can navigate the digital landscape in ways that empower self-acceptance and holistic well-being. This approach not only benefits individual users but also helps create a more inclusive and supportive digital ecosystem.

REFERENCES: Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2013). NetGirls: The Internet, Facebook, and Body Image Concern in Adolescent Girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 46(6), 630–633. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22141 Abdoli, M., Scotto Rosato, M., Desousa, A., & Cotrufo, P. (2024). Cultural Differences in Body Image: A Systematic Review. Social Sciences, 13(6), 305. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13060305 McLeroy, K. R., Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., & Glanz, K. (1988). An Ecological Perspective on Health Promotion Programs. Health Education Quarterly, 15(4), 351–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500401

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WEEK 6: Digital Citizenship Case Study: Social Media Influencers and the Slow Fashion Movement

Introduction

The intersection of social media influence and sustainable fashion practices has sparked intense dialogue around digital citizenship and social responsibility. This analysis examines the role of social media influencers in promoting the slow fashion movement, highlighting their impact and ethical responsibilities.

Key Terms central to this discussion include Social Media Influencer, Slow Fashion, and Digital Citizenship. Social Media Influencers shape consumer decisions by leveraging their authority and connection with audiences. Slow Fashion advocates for sustainability and ethical production, urging consumers to prioritize quality and thoughtful choices. Digital Citizenship emphasizes responsible and ethical engagement online, balancing rights with responsibilities. These concepts collectively frame the exploration of influencers' roles in advancing sustainable fashion practices.

Analysis

Social media influencers hold the potential to drive sustainable practices but often perpetuate consumerism. By showcasing new outfits frequently, they risk undermining slow fashion's core ethos (Bhardwaj & Fairhurst, 2010). Ethical concerns, such as greenwashing, arise when influencers claim environmental consciousness but lack genuine sustainable practices (Delmas & Burbano, 2011).

Connecting ideas from past readings, the concept of digital citizenship demands that influencers educate their audiences about responsible consumption rather than simply promote brands.

Case Studies

Kristen Leo effectively promotes slow fashion by advocating capsule wardrobes and supporting local artisans. In contrast, Aimee Song has faced criticism for endorsing fast fashion, creating cognitive dissonance for her followers.

Conclusion

Influencers play a complex role in the slow fashion movement. To truly foster change, they must balance advocacy with education, encouraging mindful consumption while reflecting critically on their own practices.

REFERENCES:  Bhardwaj, V., & Fairhurst, A. (2010). Fast fashion: Response to Changes in the Fashion Industry. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 20(1), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593960903498300 Delmas, M. A., & Burbano, V. C. (2011). The drivers of greenwashing. California Management Review, 54(1), 64–87. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2011.54.1.64 Freberg, K., Graham, K., McGaughey, K., & Freberg, L. A. (2011). Who Are the Social Media influencers? a Study of Public Perceptions of Personality. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 90–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2010.11.001 Kasser, T. (2017). The High Price of Materialism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=vi&lr=&id=2ekg225NTSwC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Kasser,+T.+(2017).+The+High+Price+of+Materialism.+Cambridge,+MA:+MIT+Press.&ots=UpJ4tG7Iyk&sig=qJO23TLoNp5oeO6zg1inD8TptGI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

Ribble, M. (2015). Digital Citizenship in Schools: Nine Elements All Students Should Know. International Society for Technology in Education. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=vi&lr=&id=z6WpCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Ribble,+M.+(2015).+Digital+Citizenship+in+Schools:+Nine+Elements+All+Students+Should+Know.+International+Society+for+Technology+in+Education.&ots=opYU1iemzm&sig=42WYtRpIUnqJ5Zs8CTWYOJ0Yzhg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Ribble%2C%20M.%20(2015).%20Digital%20Citizenship%20in%20Schools%3A%20Nine%20Elements%20All%20Students%20Should%20Know.%20International%20Society%20for%20Technology%20in%20Education.&f=false

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WEEK 5: What is platformization?

Platformization in media refers to the transformative process of integrating digital platforms Platformization in media refers to the transformative process of integrating digital platforms into various aspects of the media industry, fundamentally altering how content is produced, distributed, and consumed. Digital platforms such as Netflix, Spotify, YouTube, and TikTok connect content creators, distributors, and consumers, making media accessible to a global audience with ease (Gillespie, 2010). This process is driven by advancements in technology, increased internet connectivity, and the proliferation of digital devices, allowing traditional media outlets to adapt and new media companies to emerge (van Dijck, Poell, & de Waal, 2018). Platformization offers numerous benefits, including wider reach, diverse monetization opportunities, data-driven insights, and interactive experiences (Nieborg & Poell, 2018). However, it also presents challenges such as market concentration, content moderation issues, censorship, and the spread of misinformation (Srnicek, 2017). Despite these challenges, platformization continues to shape the media landscape, enabling media companies and content creators to navigate this digital environment and harness its potential for growth and innovation (Napoli, 2019).

Citation:

Gillespie, T. (2010). The politics of ‘platforms’. New media & society, 12(3), 347-364. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1461444809342738

van Dijck, J. (2018). The platform society: Public values in a connective world. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=vi&lr=&id=wLhwDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=van+Dijck,+J.,+Poell,+T.,+%26+de+Waal,+M.+(2018).+The+platform+society:+Public+values+in+a+connective+world.+Oxford+University+Press.&ots=VLHI4I_tyz&sig=ZCJh6UWLo4inW3NSbaINJWAza30&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=van%20Dijck%2C%20J.%2C%20Poell%2C%20T.%2C%20%26%20de%20Waal%2C%20M.%20(2018).%20The%20platform%20society%3A%20Public%20values%20in%20a%20connective%20world.%20Oxford%20University%20Press.&f=false

Nieborg, D. B., & Poell, T. (2018). The platformization of cultural production: Theorizing the contingent cultural commodity. New media & society, 20(11), 4275-4292. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1461444818769694

Srnicek, N. (2017). The challenges of platform capitalism: Understanding the logic of a new business model. Juncture, 23(4), 254-257. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/newe.12023

Napoli, P. (2019). Social media and the public interest: Media regulation in the disinformation age. Columbia university press. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/napo18454-010/html

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Week3

How does Tumblr function as a digital community ?

Tumblr serves multiple roles in the digital world. It is a creative platform for artists, writers, photographers, and musicians to share and showcase their work. This feature has made Tumblr a hub for creative expression and discovery (Bury et al., 2013). Additionally, Tumblr fosters niche communities like fandoms, aesthetic blogs, and social activists, promoting a sense of belonging (Bury et al., 2013; Cho, 2015). These communities thrive on Tumblr's reblogging feature, which allows users to share and engage with content that resonates with their interests (Bury et al., 2013; Cho, 2015).

Tumblr also functions as a powerful tool for spreading information and supporting social movements. Campaigns like Black Lives Matter and LGBTQ+ rights have utilized the platform to disseminate information quickly and mobilize support (Bury et al., 2013; Renninger, 2015). The platform's ability to amplify voices and connect activists has made it an essential space for social advocacy and awareness-raising (Renninger, 2015). Furthermore, Tumblr provides users with a space for self-expression, enabling them to share their thoughts, opinions, and personal experiences through various content forms like text, photos, videos, audio, and quotes (Cho, 2015; Renninger, 2015). This freedom of expression fosters a vibrant and dynamic community where users can connect on a personal level (Cho, 2015).

Lastly, Tumblr serves as an educational resource, sharing knowledge and raising awareness about a wide range of social, cultural, and scientific issues (Bury et al., 2013; Renninger, 2015). Users can access and share educational content, participate in discussions, and stay informed about current events and important topics. Overall, Tumblr plays a significant role in connecting communities, promoting creativity, and supporting social causes in the digital age (Bury et al., 2013; Cho, 2015; Renninger, 2015).

Citation:

Bury, R., Deller, R. A., Greenwood, A., & Jones, B. (2013). From Usenet to Tumblr: The changing role of social media. Participations: journal of audience and reception studies, 10(1), 299-318. https://shura.shu.ac.uk/7033/

Cho, A. (2015). Queer reverb: Tumblr, affect, time. https://direct.mit.edu/books/edited-volume/4057/chapter-abstract/168400/Queer-Reverb-Tumblr-Affect-Time?redirectedFrom=PDF

Renninger, B. J. (2015). “Where I can be myself… where I can speak my mind”: Networked counterpublics in a polymedia environment. New media & society, 17(9), 1513-1529.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1461444814530095

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Week 4: TV REALITY

Reality TV captivates audiences by presenting unscripted and often dramatic content that viewers find relatable and engaging. Its appeal lies in the authenticity of real people navigating real-life situations, fostering a sense of connection and emotional investment (Hill, 2005). The unpredictable nature of reality TV, coupled with the drama and conflict inherent in the genre, keeps viewers hooked (Murray & Ouellette, 2009). Additionally, aspirational content in talent competitions and lifestyle shows inspires audiences to pursue their own dreams and make positive changes (Holmes, 2004). Reality TV has societal impacts, influencing cultural norms, behaviors, and perceptions (Hill, 2005). It provides a platform for underrepresented voices and diverse perspectives, promoting inclusivity and awareness (Murray & Ouellette, 2009). However, the genre faces criticism for prioritizing entertainment over ethics, manipulating situations to create sensationalized narratives, and causing psychological stress to participants (Andrejevic, 2004). Despite these controversies, reality TV remains a dominant force in the entertainment industry, constantly evolving to adapt to changing audience preferences and technological advancements (Murray & Ouellette, 2009). The rise of streaming platforms has expanded the genre's reach, introducing global audiences to new formats and concepts (Kavka, 2012). Social media has amplified the impact of reality TV, creating a sense of community and interaction among fans (Turner, 2006). Ultimately, reality TV's blend of relatability, drama, and aspiration continues to resonate with viewers, solidifying its place in modern entertainment.

Citation:

Hill, A. (2005). Reality TV: Performance, authenticity, and television audiences. A companion to television, 449-467. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470997130#page=454

Murray, S., & Ouellette, L. (Eds.). (2004). Reality TV: Remaking television culture. NYU press. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=vi&lr=&id=4_W19oHGzZQC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=Murray,+S.,+%26+Ouellette,+L.+(2009).+Reality+TV:+Remaking+television+culture.+NYU+Press.&ots=3mLSn9z9qB&sig=MFLwdqFXtoWH5jY4_ikXIe2ir9Y&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Murray%2C%20S.%2C%20%26%20Ouellette%2C%20L.%20(2009).%20Reality%20TV%3A%20Remaking%20television%20culture.%20NYU%20Press.&f=false

Kavka, M. (2012). Reality tv. Edinburgh University Press. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=vi&lr=&id=KZBvAAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Kavka,+M.+(2012).+Reality+TV.+Edinburgh+University+Press.&ots=N_h_ShN7gE&sig=2wLpuO4cczp2RcSc8UKpTzBhH0M&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Kavka%2C%20M.%20(2012).%20Reality%20TV.%20Edinburgh%20University%20Press.&f=false

Holmes, S. (2004). “All you’ve got to worry about is the task, having a cup of tea, and what you’re going to eat for dinner”: Approaching Celebrity in Big Brother. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/9316/

Ouellette, L., & Hay, J. (2007). Better living through reality TV. Blackwell. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/43551471/Ouellette_Hay__Introduction-libre.pdf?1457545316=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DIntroduction_to_Better_Living_Through_Re.pdf&Expires=1739698006&Signature=PejnL~nzgVw64NrrO7rUxygElFJvNxMgB5dmwQc7EAjpSC0IEs47T7RWEJho9QcP4-zxtPZtL7dS6xUHF8D7yuebAb6hZFYFIcON6PbVATJ6Wmx85uAfI4bI06IcSjq3~fzrlBJdHJlMMXNRw9ejFwfP88a-XpO0eR1K9ZGlWuhp3jW7lS9NulVOZmHmi8ZXTxALNHTS~us~4D4mwp7xeR8lkcJQWmgZP~s-U7~MVB0pkB7tOoOqzIvTqYkxqWaSN5Zqp3zIiTOniP2MdoovVdSMFKGLxDUiDRqyufAMkQ6kuq1hnfYcFqXyzsSjmo8scTupeiWrd5PjY88ko~RN8Q__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA

Turner, G. (2006). The mass production of celebrity: ‘Celetoids’, reality TV and the ‘demotic turn’. International journal of cultural studies, 9(2), 153-165. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1367877906064028

Andrejevic, M. (2004). Reality TV: The work of being watched. Rowan & Littlefield Publishers. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=vi&lr=&id=RcYdAAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Andrejevic,+M.+(2004).+Reality+TV:+The+work+of+being+watched.+Rowman+%26+Littlefield&ots=b56fkidXps&sig=mzGZdhBX0y6pPckCJqT6cUK6k6k&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Andrejevic%2C%20M.%20(2004).%20Reality%20TV%3A%20The%20work%20of%20being%20watched.%20Rowman%20%26%20Littlefield&f=false

Nunn, H., Biressi, A., Nunn, H., & Biressi, A. (2005). Reality TV: Realism and revelation. Columbia University Press. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/bire476405/html