#4-Methoxymethyl Fentanyl

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Gluten exorphin - Wikipedia

Gluten exorphins are a group of opioid peptides formed during digestion of the gluten protein. It has been hypothesized that people with autism and schizophrenia have abnormal leakage from the gut of these compounds, which then pass into the brain and disrupt brain function[1] known as the opioid excess theory or a part of leaky gut syndrome. This is partly the basis for the gluten-free, casein-free diet. Two clinical studies of autism patients who followed this diet have found no evidence of benefit.[2][3] Another found evidence of benefit.[4] Another study suggested the diet may present a greater risk to brain development.[5]

There are four known gluten exorphins with known structure:

Gluten exorphin A5[edit]

Structure: H-Gly-Tyr-Tyr-Pro-Thr-OH

Chemical formula: C24H37N5O9

Molecular weight: 599.64 g/mol

Gluten exorphin B4[edit]

Structure: H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Trp-OH

Chemical formula: C24H27N5O6

Molecular weight: 481.50 g/mol

Gluten exorphin B5[edit]

Structure: H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Trp-Leu-OH

Chemical formula: C30H38N6O7

Molecular weight: 594.66 g/mol

Gluten exorphin C[edit]

Structure: H-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Ser-Leu-OH

Chemical formula: C29H45N5O8

Molecular weight: 591.70 g/mol

References[edit]

^ Autism and Schizophrenia: Intestinal Disorders, Cade, et al., Nutritional Neuroscience, Volume 3, Issue 1 February 2000 , pages 57 - 72

^ Popular Autism Diet Does Not Demonstrate Behavioral Improvement, University of Rochester Medical Center, May 19, 2010

^ Christison GW, Ivany K (2006). "Elimination diets in autism spectrum disorders: any wheat amidst the chaff?". J Dev Behav Pediatr. 27 (2 Suppl 2): S162–S171. PMID 16685183. doi:10.1097/00004703-200604002-00015. 

^ Knivsberg, AM, Reichelt, KL, Høien, T, Nødland, M. (2002). "A randomised, controlled study of dietary intervention in autistic syndromes". Nutr Neurosci. 5 (4): 251–61. PMID 12168688. doi:10.1080/10284150290028945. 

^ Arnold, GL; Hyman, SL; Mooney, RA; Kirby, RS (2003). "Plasma amino acids profiles in children with autism: Potential risk of nutritional deficiencies". Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 33 (4): 449–54. PMID 12959424. doi:10.1023/A:1025071014191. 

MOR DOR KOR

Agonists: 3CS-nalmefene

6'-GNTI

8-CAC

18-MC

14-Methoxymetopon

β-Chlornaltrexamine

β-Funaltrexamine

Adrenorphin (metorphamide)

Akuuamicine

Alazocine (SKF-10047)

Allomatrine

Apadoline

Asimadoline

BAM-12P

BAM-18P

BAM-22P

Big dynorphin

Bremazocine

BRL-52537

Butorphan

Butorphanol

BW-373U86

Cebranopadol

Ciprefadol

CR665

Cyclazocine

Cyclorphan

Cyprenorphine

Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)

Diamorphine (heroin)

Diacetylnalorphine

Difelikefalin

Dihydroetorphine

Dihydromorphine

Diprenorphine

Dynorphin A

Dynorphin B (rimorphin)

Eluxadoline

Enadoline

Eptazocine

Erinacine E

Ethylketazocine

Etorphine

Fedotozine

Fentanyl

Gemazocine

GR-89696

GR-103545

Hemorphin-4

Herkinorin

HS665

Hydromorphone

HZ-2

Ibogaine

ICI-199,441

ICI-204,448

Ketamine

Ketazocine

Laudanosine

Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29)

Levallorphan

Levomethorphan

Levorphanol

Lexanopadol

Lofentanil

LPK-26

Lufuradom

Matrine

MB-1C-OH

Menthol

Metazocine

Metkefamide

Mianserin

Mirtazapine

Morphine

Moxazocine

MR-2034

N-MPPP

Nalbuphine

Nalbuphine sebacate

NalBzOH

Nalfurafine

Nalmefene

Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)

Nalorphine

Naltriben

Niravoline

Norbuprenorphine

Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide

Noribogaine

Norketamine

Oripavine

Oxilorphan

Oxycodone

Pentazocine

Pethidine (meperidine)

Phenazocine

Proxorphan

Racemethorphan

Racemorphan

RB-64

Salvinorin A (salvia)

Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether

Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether

Samidorphan

Spiradoline (U-62,066)

TH-030418

Thienorphine

Tifluadom

Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, desipramine, imipramine, nortriptyline)

U-50,488

U-54,494A

U-69,593

Xorphanol

NOP Unsorted Others

Others: Kyotorphin (met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)

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