#AnatomicalStructures

[samreensway]

SURGICAL ANATOMY STATION OF FEMORAL REGION 

SURGICAL ANATOMY STATION OF FEMORAL REGION MRCS B OSCE - MOCK EXAM   Surgical Anatomy Station of Femoral Region: Exploring the Anatomy for Surgical Procedures Dive deep into the surgical anatomy station of the femoral region in this educational MRCS mock exam video. Discover the intricate anatomical structures, landmarks, and their clinical significance for surgical procedures. Enhance your understanding of the femoral region's surgical anatomy for improved surgical outcomes. Understanding the Femoral Region's Anatomy: Delve into the detailed anatomy of the femoral region, including muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and other relevant structures. Learn about the relationships and interactions between these anatomical components that play a vital role in surgical interventions. Golden Landmarks and Structures: Discover the golden landmarks and structures within the femoral region that surgeons must be familiar with during surgical procedures. We discuss important landmarks such as the inguinal ligament, femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral nerve, and lymph nodes, highlighting their significance in surgical navigation and patient safety. Clinical Significance and Surgical Procedures: Understand the clinical significance of the femoral region's anatomy in various surgical procedures, such as femoral hernia repair, vascular access, femoral artery catheterization, and more. Gain insights into how a thorough understanding of surgical anatomy leads to better surgical planning and execution. Optimizing Surgical Outcomes: By comprehending the surgical anatomy of the femoral region, surgeons can navigate the area more effectively, reduce the risk of complications, and improve surgical outcomes. We emphasize the importance of meticulous dissection techniques and proper identification of anatomical structures during surgical procedures. Conclusion: This educational MRCS mock exam video provides valuable insights into the surgical anatomy station of the femoral region, empowering surgeons and healthcare professionals with a comprehensive understanding of the anatomical structures, landmarks, and their clinical significance. By enhancing your knowledge of the femoral region's surgical anatomy, you can optimize surgical outcomes and ensure patient safety in various surgical interventions. Bli medlem i kanalen för att få åtkomst till flera förmåner: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkkvon_blxinTHc7DGuYkpQ/join

[faisalchhipa]

salt breathing room

Haemorrhoids are normal vascularstructures in theanalcanal. They are the most commoncauseofbleedingfromthelowergastrointestinaltract. Bleedingcan be heavy, recurrentandoccur at thebeginningorendofbowelmovements. Theblood is lightordark red, freshand most often on top ofthestool.

Internalhaemorrhoids are classifiedaccording to thedegreeof prolapse (slippage) fromtheanalcanal.

Epidemiology

The prevalence ofhaemorrhoids is 4.4%, most commonlybetweentheagesof 45 and 65. The incidence is the same in bothsexes.

Pathogenesis

Haemorrhoidalcushions are normal anatomicalstructures in thesubmucosallayeroftherectum. Depending on thedentate line, externalandinternalhaemorrhoids are distinguished. Internalhaemorrhoidsarisefromtheupperhaemorrhoidalcushion. In the normal analcanal, threemaincushions are present (leftlateral, rightanteriorandrightposterior). Theepitheliumviscerally is not resuscitated, so they are not sensitive to pain, touchor temperature. Thecause is unknown, butpresumablythefollowing: with age, theconnectivetissueweakensandthehaemorrhoidsslipandbulge, hypertrophyoftheanalsphincter, duringdefecation, faecespresses on thehaemorrhoidalplexusagainsttheinternalanalsphincter, abnormaldilatationofthevesselsoftheplexus. Externalhaemorrhoidsarisefromtheinferiorhaemorrhoidalplexusand are coveredbyanepitheliumcontainingmanysomaticpainreceptors, so thesehaemorrhoidshurtwhenthrombosisoccurs. Age, diarrhoea, constipation, lackofexercise, tumoursofthepelvis, pregnancy, flatulence, anticoagulanttherapy, low-fibrefoodallcontribute to theformationofhaemorrhoids.

Clinicalsigns

Approximately 40% ofpeoplewithhaemorrhoids are asymptomatic. Symptomaticpatientsreporthaematochezia, painassociatedwiththrombosisoritchingaroundthe anus.

Haemorrhageassociatedwithhaemorrhoids is almostalwayspainlessandoccurs on passingstool, rarelyspontaneously. Theblood is usuallybright red. Bleedingcancauseanaemiaandsignsoffatigueandheadache. Patientsalsoreportfaecalincontinence, mucusdischargeand a feelingoffullness in theperianalspace. Irritationoftheskinaroundthe anus, leading to itching, acutepainand a typicalbulgedue to thrombosis are alsocommon.

Diagnosis

Haemorrhoids are suspectedwhenthere is light-colouredbleeding, itchingandacuteperianalpain. Ifdefecation is painful, it is usually not associatedwithhaemorrhoidsunlessthere is thrombosisandswelling. Haemorrhoidaldisease is diagnosedbyinspectionoftheperineumandrectalexamination. Thrombiandpeeling are observedbydigitalexamination. An anoscopymayalso be performed.

Differentialdiagnosis

Thedifferentialdiagnosisofpruritusincludes: anal fistula, solitaryrectalulcersyndrome, polyps, colorectalcancer, proctitis (inflammationoftherectum). Itchingcanalso be causedbyanalabscess, fistula, dermatologicaldiseases, infectionsoftheanoderm.

Treatment

Forthetreatmentoftheinitialformsofhaemorrhoids, anti-constipatingagentsandstoolsofteners (cortisonesuppositories) are used, as well as sedentarybaths. Additionally, ligationwithelastic ligature andsclerosant is possible. Internalhaemorrhoids are treatedsurgically - ultrasound-guidedligation, mechanicalstaplersurgery. Endoscopy is chosen in patientswithdarkbleedingor in patientswith a familyhistoryofbleeding.

RelievingsymptomsofhaemorrhoidswithBioapifitointment

Bioapifithaemorrhoidointment is used to relievethesymptomsofhaemorrhoids, rectalfissuresandotheranorectalconditions. It is alsosuitableforpeopleexperiencinganalitching, rectalbleedingandpainaroundthe anus. Theointmentcreates a protectivelayer on thedamagedrectalmucosa. Amongotherthings, theactiveingredients in theointmentcreate a viscousandacidicenvironmentcontaininglowlevelsofwater. Thispreventsthegrowthofbacteriaandstopsbleedingandshrinksthewoundsurface.

Bioapifithaemorrhoidointmenthashelpedmanypatientswithhaemorrhoidsandrectalfissures.

More informationabouttheointmentcan be found at the link below:

https://dottoria.com/products/bioapifit%C2%AE-anti-hemorrhoidal-ointment-50-ml