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lokeshkumarjangid · 1 year ago

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Lokesh Kumar Jangid Wiki, Wikipedia, IAS Officer, Rank, Age, Wife Name

Lokesh Kumar Jangid secured 68th rank in UPSC in India in 2014 and became an IAS officer. Currently working as Additional Collector in Badwani district of Madhya Pradesh. He did his B.Tech. in Computer Science from SGGS Institute of Engineering & Technology, Nanded (Maharashtra).

Lokesh Kumar Jangid Bio

Lokesh Kumar Jangid: Early Life & Family Details

Lokesh's grandparents and parents originally lived in a village in Nagaur district of Rajasthan. For livelihood, grandfather Madanlal ji Jangid migrated to Maharashtra in 1952 and his family migrated to Maharashtra in 1986 when Lokesh was just four months old. His grandfather was a carpenter by profession and used to go to hamlets in Jintur taluka in Parbhani district in Maharashtra to make wooden doors, wooden ceilings, other furniture.

Lokesh's father Late Ramchandra was contributing to the family work but he unfortunately died in an accident in 1993 and the Jangid family faced a great crisis. Lokesh was seven years old at that time. After that, Lokesh and his siblings were brought up by their grandfather and paternal uncle, his mother being a homemaker.

By dint of his hard work, his grandfather then settled in the district headquarters Parbhani and started his own saw mill there. Lokesh's uncle Ashok Kumar and his younger brother run a plywood business today at the same place.

Lokesh Kumar Jangid: Educational Journey

Lokesh studied till 10th at Model English School, Parbhani and did his 11th and 12th at Bal Vidya Mandir Junior College in Parbhani. Lokesh imbibed the habit of reading newspapers from his grandfather in his childhood. As an English medium student, when he was learning Barahkhadi at school, Lokesh used to read Hindi newspaper fluently because his grandfather had already taught him ‘Devanagari’ at home before Hindi and Marathi were introduced in the school.

Lokesh used to be good at academics and extra-curricular activities right from his school life. He stood third in Maharashtra in the state level science fair in class 9 and represented the state at the national level twice in science fairs. Also, he used to actively participate in essay competitions and oratory competitions. On the birthday and death anniversaries of national heroes and great leaders, he used to deliver speeches in every programme in the school. Overall, the foundation was laid in the school life itself. While studying engineering, too, he used to actively participate in extra-curricular events. He was President of college’s National Service Scheme (NSS) Chapter. Many programs such as digital literacy campaign, rural technology transfer etc were carried out in the village adjacent to the college.

Fascinated with Sociology during civils preparation, he joined full-time Masters programme in Sociology at JNU Delhi. He says he enjoyed Sociology much more than his engineering subjects, and he had not got selected for UPSC, would have possibly continued with a career in academics with Sociology discipline.

Lokesh Kumar Jangid: Inspiration to Become IAS Officer

Lokesh gives all the credit to his grandfather who is his inspiration. Lokesh's grandfather used to read newspapers from his youth despite being a carpenter. From the first election to the Parliament since 1952 till his last, he keenly followed the political affairs of all the states. He used to give money to Lokesh to buy magazines from Rly station outlet since the time Lokesh was in 7th class.

Lokesh used to watch Doordarshan news, debates of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha on television along with his grandfather. This is how he started following current affairs and politics, and the interest in civil service general studies was kindled.

Based on this, he felt he could make a difference in the system by joining IAS. Though he was fascinated by politics, he knew he couldn’t make it there because of various constraints. So he thought of civil services as the next best option to impact things on a larger scale.

Lokesh Kumar Jangid: Preparing for UPSC Exam

Having started reading newspaper keenly from his early school years, and then magazines like CSR, India Today, Outlook, preparation had already taken off unknowingly. Thereafter, in the library of his engineering college, he regularly read more magazines, including ones like ‘Yojana’ and ‘Kurukshetra’. He got selected for Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) during campus placement when he was in his third year of engineering. But he chose not to join TCS as he felt his calling was something different than a corporate job. So, after completing engineering in 2008, he headed straight to Delhi to prepare for UPSC full-time.

Lokesh's uncle Ashok Jangid fully funded Lokesh's education including the hefty fee for the UPSC coaching in Delhi. “Don't you worry about financials or the TCS job, I am with you, just focus on UPSC if you feel that is your dream”, supported him and never let him feel the absence of his father , moral support wise or financially.

Lokesh Kumar Jangid: Succeeding in UPSC at the First Attempt

Lokesh got All India Rank 910 in UPSC first attempt in 2009 exam based on reserve list. He got his first posting in Lakshadweep islands under DANICS (Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands Civil Service).

Lokesh Kumar Jangid: Continuing His Dream of Achieving IAS Officer Rank

He continued his UPSC preparation by working in the remote islands of Lakshadweep. In his second and third attempts, he couldn’t make it. By the time the fourth attempt was underway, the pattern of the civil services exam had changed completely, with introduction of more subjects and papers in general studies in the Mains exam. In Lakshadweep, newspapers came only once in a fortnight by ship from Kochi but basic internet facility was available. So without any coaching, test series or new material, he continued the preparation by using the material available online and went to Delhi only to write the UPSC main exam. Prepared for interview at Lakshadweep and secured 68th rank in country in CSE 2014.

Lokesh Kumar Jangid: Journey as an IAS Officer

Got MP cadre in the IAS and after one-year training at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration in Mussoorie, joined as Assistant Collector at Sehore in Madhya Pradesh.

After completion of training at LBSNAA, he was then posted as Assistant Secretary in the Ministry of Panchayat Raj, Govt of India, for three months to familiarise himself with the policy processes of the Government of India. In 2016, he was appointed as SDM in Vijaypur tehsil of Sheopur district of Madhya Pradesh and started working directly in the field. After that he was posted as CEO Zila Parishad in Harda district. And post that, he joined as Additional Mission Director at Rajya Shiksha Kendra in Bhopal. He focused on improving the learning outcomes of children, especially in foundational literacy and numeracy (FLN) grades, and launched a dedicated fellowship programme for NIPUN Bharat. He also had a stint as Additional Collector Guna in Covid first wave, and as Additional Collector in Badwani district during Covid second wave and there too he took charge of everything from monitoring continuous oxygen supplies 24*7 to making new covid care centres to collaborating with pvt hospitals for Ayushman and the successful vaccination campaign by removing the misgivings that the tribal population had about ill effects of vaccination.

Lokesh Kumar Jangid: Serving People Remarkably, Earning Praises & Awards for His Work

When Lokesh SDM in Sheopur district in Madhya Pradesh, primitive tribal group Saharia tribe was predominant in the region. Lokesh noticed that the education and the status of healthcare facilities was very poor in the sub-division. In order to improve the learning outcomes of primary school students, a very extensive initiative 'Padho Vijaypur' was implemented in collaboration with the Pratham organization, which directly benefited thousands of students who started reading the texts and teachers also became more involved in teaching. After the success of Lokesh's project, the Madhya Pradesh government named this experiment 'Dakshata Unnayan' and implemented this initiative in all the districts of the state. To improve the basic infra in the healthcare facility CHC, funding was raised through the Rogi Kalyan Samiti and health infra was enhanced along with providing better services.

When he was the CEO Zila Parishad in Harda , he carried out remarkable work in water conservation using MNREGA, building and repairing ponds all across the district. Furthermore, Roof water harvesting was done on a large scale in all govt buildings in the district due to which the groundwater level increased. Lokesh received an award from the Union Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India for his performance in Harda's Swachh Bharat Mission.

As Additional Collector in Badwani district, he tackled the Corona crisis at the earliest by working for availability of oxygen, setting up oxygen plant, conversion of private hospitals into covid centers, free treatment of patients under Ayushman Bharat Yojana. Barwani was the first district in the state where the positivity rate came down from 40% to 0.5% and the number of patients came down to single digit.

Lokesh Kumar Jangid: IAS Officer Reaching Out to the Masses

Many videos have gone viral on social media regarding Lokesh's work for people and with the people. 'Padho Vijaypur' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ON2_g_O29-Y&t=11s show how Lokesh’s visit to the primary school in tribal village Bagcha in Sheopur and his interaction with the students led to an intensive training program on basic reading and mathematics for all the schools under 'CaMAL' pedagogy of Pratham organization . As a result, children's attendance and learning levels improved significantly.

Another such video went viral during his work in Covid second wave in Badwani district - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNF6O5iSzsU - An IAS officer touring tribal villages having no roads on his bike and where no officer had reached before. He got people’s ground feedback about availability of drinking water, ration, medical facilities and made people aware about benefits of corona vaccine. Also, he came forward to counsel officials in the district who faced depression during Corona.

Lokesh Kumar Jangid: Daily Routine & Hobbies

Lokesh works out for an hour every morning and walks in the evening to maintain physical and mental wellbeing. Lokesh likes traveling. He is also fond of Urdu poetry and listens to ghazals. He likes to read non-fiction whenever time permits.

Lokesh Kumar Jangid: Wife – An Achiever in Herself

His wife Divya Sharma is a classical vocalist. She is trained under the guidance of Padma Vibhushan Pandit Rajan & Sajan Mishra.

Lokesh Kumar Jangid: Message for Students

Civil services is a great opportunity for those who want and love to work for society and country. Do whatever you want to do and set a goal and commit yourself to it. Don't forget to give back to society and country once you achieve success - be it in any field whether as a technocrat or a businessman. It is our responsibility to repay the society. Do help the needy and the community in whatever way you can on a weekend or once a month. It will give a sense of mental satisfaction and that is priceless.

Conclusion:

Lokesh Kumar Jangid is a story of resilience, determination and dedication. His is a story of triumphs against all odds. His journey to becoming an IAS officer from under-privileged beginning, and his persistent service to the society, especially in the rural areas, is a true inspiration for all and his undying commitment to serve the nation underlines the respect he gains from all.

#Lokesh Kumar Jangid

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friendship-korea-japan · 5 years ago

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7.10. Promotion of Korea’s modernization

Question 7: Modernization of Korea and its obstruction › 10. Promotion of Korea’s modernization

Click here for table of contents

7.10. Promotion of Korea’s modernization

The following quote is taken from a description on the promotion of full-fledged modernization of Korea and the moves against it from p. 174 of “4. Promoting modern reforms”, History Textbook of Korea.

[ At that time, the Donghak Peasant Movement, which demanded reforms, occurred, and the forces of both Qing and Japan intervened. Faced with such an unexpected situation, the government concluded the Treaty of Jeonju with the Peasant forces and requested the forces of both countries to withdraw. However, Japan refused the withdrawal of its forces, insisting that reform of the internal administration was necessary for the social stability of Korea. That was why the government established the Reform Agency (Gyojeongcheong) to promote voluntary reforms, partially adopting demands made by the Donghak forces.

　[…]

Ignoring the demand for withdrawal, the Japanese forces occupied the Gyeongbokgung Palace and started the Sino-Japanese War. Finally, the Min administration collapsed under strong pressure from Japan, and the first Kim Hong-jip administration was established, with Daewongun nominated as the regent. The government led by Kim Hong-jip abolished the Reform Agency, set up the Gunguk Gimucheo (Deliberative Assembly) and conducted significant reforms (Gabo Reform).]

The first reforms were pushed through with the legislation enacted by the Kim Hong-jip administration that was formed at the end of July 1894, ten years after the Gapsin Coup. The contents of the first reforms are summarized below from pp. 174-175, “Promoting the Gabo Reform” in History Textbook of Korea.

[ During the first reforms, the national administration and the affairs of the royal family were separated and respectively entrusted to the Uijeonbu (State Council of Joseon) and the Gungnaebu (Department of the Royal Household), thus strengthening the authority of the cabinet. The Gwageo examination, which had guaranteed the privileges of the Yangban class, was abolished, and a new system for recruiting officials was developed. In social terms, the class system and discrimination against women were abolished and measures for the improvement of human rights were put into practice, including the abolition of the legislation on public and private slaves and the approbation of the remarriage of widows. In the field of economy, all the taxes were to be paid in coins, a monetary system based on the silver standard was introduced, and the system of weights and measures were standardized.

As Japan drew near to victory in the Sino-Japanese War, it began to actively intervene in the internal administration of Korea. Under pressure by Japan, Heungseon Daewongun left his post and Bak Yung-hio, who had sought refuge in Japan, came back home and became the Minister of the Home Office. Then, the second Kim Hong-jip administration was established and the Gunguk Gimucheo was abolished.

Reforms were further promoted, and King Gojong showed the basic direction of the reform by publishing the Fourteen Clauses of the Great Charter.]

Below is the quotation of the passage on the background of the declaration of the Fourteen Clauses of the Great Charter (Hongbeom) and the content from pp. 322-327 (pp. 247- 251 in the original version) of “Chapter XXI The King’s Oath - The Audience”, Korea and Her neighbours.

[ On the 8th of January 1895, I witnessed a singular ceremony, which may have far-reaching results in Korean history.

[…]

(Beginning of the sentence omitted) the oath was taken in circumstances of great solemnity in a dark pine wood, under the shadow of Puk Han, at the most sacred altar in Korea, in presence of the Court and the dignitaries of the kingdom.

[…]

After a long delay and much speculation as to whether the King at the last moment would resist the foreign pressure, the procession emerged from the Palace gate. […] Then came the red silk umbrella, followed […] by a plain wooden chair with glass sides, in which sat the sovereign, pale and dejected, borne by only four men.

[…]

When the procession reached the sacred enclosure, the military escort and the greater part of the cavalcade remained outside the wall, only the king, dignitaries, and the principal attendants proceeding to the altar. […] from a political standpoint the taking of the following oath by the Korean King was one of the most significant acts in the tedious drama of the late war.

THE KING’S OATH

On this 12th day of the 12th moon of the 503rd year of the founding of the Dynasty, we presume to announce clearly to the Spirits of all our Sacred Imperial Ancestors that we, their lowly descendants, received in early childhood, now thirty and one years ago, the mighty heritage of our ancestors, and that in reverent awe towards Heaven, and the following in the rule and pattern of our ancestors, we, though we have encountered many troubles, have not loosed hold of the thread.

[…]

We, your lowly descendants, do now take the fourteen clauses of the Great Charter and swear before the Spirits of our Ancestors in Heaven that we, reverently trusting in the merits bequeathed by our ancestors, will bring these to a successful issue, nor will we dare to go back on our word. Oh, bright Spirits, descend and behold!

Fourteen clauses of the Great Charter for the reform of internal administration

1. All thoughts of dependence on China shall be cut away, and a firm foundation for independence secured.

2. A rule and ordinance for the Royal House shall be established, in order to make clear the line of succession and precedence among the royal family.

3. The king shall attend at the Great Hall for the inspection of affairs, where, after personally interrogating his ministers, he shall decide upon matters of State. The queen and the royal family are not allowed to interfere.

4. Palace matters and the government of the country must be kept separate, and may not be mixed up together.

5. The duties and power of the Cabinet (Note: Uijeonbu) and of the various Ministers shall be clearly defined.

6. The payment of taxes by the people shall be regulated by law. Wrongful additions may not be made to the list, and no excess collected.

7. The assessment and collection of the land tax, and the disbursement of expenditure, shall be under the charge and control of the finance department.

8. The expenses of the royal household shall be the first to be reduced, by way of setting an example to the various ministries and local officials.

9. An estimate shall be drawn up in advance each year of the expenditure of the royal household and the various official establishments, putting on a firm foundation the management of the revenue.

10. The regulations of the royal officers must be revised in order to discriminate the functions of the local officials.

11. Young men of intelligence in the country shall be sent abroad in order to study foreign science and industries.

12. The instruction of army officers, and the practice of the methods of enlistment, shall be established to secure the foundation of a military system.

13. Civil law and criminal law must be strictly and clearly laid down; and none must be imprisoned or fined in excess, so that security of life and property may be ensured for all alike.

14. Men shall be employed without regard to their origin, and in seeking for officials, recourse shall be had to capital and country alike in order to widen the avenues for ability.

Though at this date Korea is being reformed under other than Japanese auspices, it is noteworthy that nearly every step in advance is on the lines laid down by Japan.]

We have considered that it was a wonderful thing for the future of Korea that the king himself enacted the “Fourteen Clauses of the Great Charter”. However, history shows that the king in fact intended to revive his unlimited privilege when he had the opportunity to do so. He did not come to realize that his unlimited privilege caused the confusion and decline of the Joseon Dynasty and made Korean people suffer.

Pages 156-172 of “Chapter 3. The Joseon Dynasty starts to melt down” in Truth of the Japanese Annexation of Korea fully describes the Fourteen Clauses of the Great Charter and the related matters. Below is the quotation of the description related to the Fourteen Causes of the Great Charter.

[ In November, following the request by Japan, King Gojong formed a progressist government appointing Kim Hong-jip as the Yeonguijeong (prime minister) under the name of Daewongun. The Kim Hong-jip administration nominated as ministers two pro-Japanese figures, namely Bak Yung-hio, who joined the Gapsin Coup (1884) and left for Japan and then for the United States, and Seo Kwang-beum.

[…]

Following the intention of the Japanese government, Kim Hong-jip promoted the great reform of the internal administration called Gabo Gyeongjang. Gyeongjang literally means re-stretching strings of a harp and referred to reforming and promoting the things that had been loosened.

If the Gabo Gyeongjang had been loyally followed, the subsequent course of the Korean race would have considerably changed. The Joseon Dynasty was like a rotten tree that would fall at any moment. However, with the Gabo Gyeongjang, it should have been possible to turn Korea into a modern state like Japan.

For this purpose, history first gave Kim Ok-gyun the opportunity to save the Korean race. When he failed in the Gapsin Coup, Kim Hong-jip was called on to appear.

Gabo Gyeongjang was the very dawn that the Korean race had waited five centuries for.

[…]

On January 7 of the 32nd year of his reign (1895), King Gojong paid a visit to the Grand Mausoleum accompanied by Daewongun, the royal prince and around 100 civil and military officers. He went down on his knees to pray for the spirit of the founder and promised that he would proceed to a great Gyeongyang (fundamental reform).

Following this event, he proclaimed the Fourteen Clauses of the Great Charter.

The Fourteen Clauses clarified the basic principles that constituted the essential of the Gabo Gyeongjang. Today, it is appreciated as the first constitution of Korea, even by anti-Japanese scholars.

[…]

Through the Gabo Gyeongjang, all the treaties that the Joseon dynasty had concluded with Qing were abandoned. By abolishing the suzerainty by Qing, Korea declared itself to be an autonomous and independent state.

In addition, he aimed to turn Korea into a civilized state just like Japan by conducting audacious reforms in all the fields of politics, economy and society.

[…]

During the Joseon era, there was nothing that could truly be called national finance, and the bureaucrats collected the maximum amount of taxes from people, mainly peasants, and stocked the collected money, rice or other cereals in their own chests or warehouses and paid only around one third to the central government.

However, as such figures as Daewongun, King Gojong and Queen Min nominated the officials following the trading of posts and ranks, they could not question them even if they noticed that they were embezzling a large amount of money.

On the central level, Daewongun, King Gojong, Queen Min and their entourage indulged in pleasures and wasted money by holding receptions every night, while people were suffering from starvation.

[…]

The Fourteen Clauses of Great Charter demanded that the direct rule by the king should be abolished, that the royal authority should be limited, that the involvement of the queen consort and the members of the royal family in politics should be prohibited, and that the expenses of the royal family and the government should be separated, in other words the national treasury and the royal expenses should be kept apart. This meant that King Gojong and Queen Min would no longer be able to privatize the national finance.]

This was an excellent reform plan that tried to remove the fundamental causes of the various problems of the stagnant Joseon Dynasty and to build the foundation of today’s Korea. In addition, the majority of people at that time were to be liberated from the status of slaves. Those who would be liberated might have largely contributed to the development of Korea, as they would be able to act positively and spontaneously. Moreover, people of the Yangban class, for whom doing nothing and indulging in luxury by exploiting law-abiding citizens and slaves were a sign of their authority, would have been forced to work hard as they would have lost their privilege. Besides, by training officers, enforcing military service and building the foundation of the military system, Korea could have become a true independent state without having to depend on Qing for its defense. Such a system that would allow all Koreans to act positively would have served as the basis of the independence and development of Korea. Therefore, it seems quite normal that the key figures who led this reform, including Kim Hong-jip, should be respected and honored as the benefactors who built the foundation of the modernization, development and independence of Korea.

However, there is the following description on page 175 of “Promoting the Gabo Reform”, History Textbook of Korea.

[ The second Gabo Reform was stopped due to the weakening of the Japanese forces through the Tripartite Intervention, and the downfall of the leader of the reform Bak Yung-hio, suspected of attempting a coup d’état.]

As suggested above, the much-desired reform was interrupted. Regarding the downfall of Bak Yung-hio, there is the following description in an article entitled “Gabo Reform” on page 44 of “Chapter 1. Opening and Enlightenment of Korea”, Korean History II, which is different from that of History Textbook of Korea.

[ However, in the second Kim Hong-jip administration, the Kim Hong-jip faction and the Bak Yung-hio faction became opposed to each other. On May 8, Kim resigned from the post of prime minister and was succeeded by Bak Jeongyang. With the rise of the pro-Russian faction after the Tripartite Interference, the pro-Russian Yi Wanyong was appointed as the minister of education on June 2. On July 6, Bak Yung-hio, minister of home office, suspected of an attempted murder of the Queen, fled to Japan again.］

We have already pointed out that in Korea, false accusation was often used as the means to lay the blame on political opponents. It was highly likely that the accusation that “Bak Yung-hio tried to kill the queen” was a false charge from someone who was against the reform. As false charges were often made without the chance for explanation or verification of the facts and many people were executed just because they were suspected, it would have been wise of him to go into exile immediately. With one false charge, Korea again lost the chance to get out of the bottomless predicament. While it can be presumed that the person(s) who would suffer disadvantages through the enforcement of the Fourteen Clauses of the Great Charter, such as the king, the queen, members of the Yangban class or officials, made such a false accusation, there is no description about the person who falsely accused him.

We would like to quote a passage from the article on “Gabo Reform” from pp. 44-45 of Korean History II, as it describes that many reforms were carried out between the beginning of the second Kim Hong-jip administration and Bak Yung-hio’s defection.

[ First, the cabinet system was established (In April 1895, Uijeonbu was transformed into the cabinet, while the eight ministries (Palwimun) were transformed into the seven departments, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce and the Ministry of Industrial Affairs were integrated into the Department of Agriculture, Commerce and Industry.

Second, the military reform was conducted. In December 1894, the hierarchy organization of the army officers was put in place, and the military grade system that included army generals, adjutant generals and third-grade generals was introduced. […]

Third, the modern courthouses were established (in April 1895), marking the first step of the separation of the judicial branch from the administrative branch. […]

Fourth, the financial reform was also conducted. That consisted of (1) enforcement of the “tax administration and tax collection office system”, […](2) enforcement of the Accounting Act, […] and (3) abolition of the local granary system (in April 1895). […]

Fourth, the government started to develop the school education system. […] <Here, the word “Fourth” may have been used mistakenly for “Fifth”.>

Fifth, the reform of the local administration system was also carried out (in June 1895). The existing eight provinces were reorganized into 23 bu (prefectures). And all the eup were turned into gun (counties) (23-bu System). […]

Sixth, the government enforced various measures to clearly show independence from Qing. […]

Seventh, the organization of Gungnaebu (Department of the Royal Household) was also subject to reform (in May 1895).]

While the decision on these reforms was made in 1895, we do not know when they were carried out all over the Korean Peninsula. We say this because while modern courthouses were set up in 1895 to ensure fair trials, a Swedish journalist witnessed ten years later, in 1905, that cruel whipping and extremely brutal death penalty continued to be executed in old-fashioned courts.

These reforms were not put into practice possibly because the Kim Hong-jip administration was soon crushed by King Gojong, and prime minister Kim himself was murdered, preventing the succeeding rulers from conducting the reform.

#Joseon #Korea #about south korea #history of korea #korea-japan

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margdarsanme · 5 years ago

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NCERT Class 12 Political Science (World) Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia

NCERT Class 12 Political Science Solutions (Contemporary World Politics)

Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED : Q 1. Identify the country: (a) The struggle among pro-monarchy, pro-democracy groups and extremists created an atmosphere of political instability. (b) A landlocked country with multi¬party competition. (c) The first country to liberalise the economy in the South Asian region. (d) In the conflict between the military and pro-democracy groups, the military has prevailed over democracy. (e) Centrally located and shares borders with most of the South Asian Countries. (f) Earlier the island had the Sultans as the head of state. Now, it is a republic. (g) Small savings and credit cooperatives in the rural areas have helped in reducing poverty. ( h ) A landlocked country with a monarchy.

Answer: (a) Nepal (b) Bhutan (c) India (d) Pakistan (e) India (f) Maldives (g) India (h) Nepal Q 2. Which among the following statements about South Asia is wrong? (a) All the countries in South Asia are democratic. (b) Bangladesh and India have signed an agreement on river-water sharing. (c) SAFTA was signed at the 12th SAARC Summit in South Asian politics. (d) The US and China play an influential role in South Asian politics.

Answer: (a) All the countries in South Asia are democratic. Q 3. What are some of the commonalities and differences between Bangladesh and Pakistan in their democratic experiences?

Answer: Bangladesh has been the part of Pakistan itself. Both of these countries bear some similarities and differences as follows: Commonalities 1. Both Bangladesh and Pakistan were under a military rule. 2. At both the places, the struggle for democracy took place in their own way. 3. Pakistan’s administration began under the command of General Ayub Khan and gave up due to dissatisfaction among people giving way to Yahya’s military rule and continued with the army rule though elections were held by military rulers to give a democratic shape to their own rule. 4. In the same way, Bangladesh drafted its own constitution to begin with democracy. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman formed presidential setup by abolishing all the parties except Awami Legue. But after his assassination the new military ruler Zia-ur-Rahman formed his own party and won elections in 1979. Later on he was also assassinated and another military leader Lt. Gen. H.M. Ershad took over. Differences 1. In Pakistan, military, clergy and land-owning aristocrats dominated socially to overthrow elected government whereas in Bangladesh the leaders and their party members dominated for the same. 2. Pro-military groups have become more powerful due to conflict with India in Pakistan whereas in Bangladesh, pro-military groups are powerful due to friendship and encouragement of India. Q 4. List three challenges to democracy in Nepal.

Answer: The three challenges to democracy in Nepal were the result of a triangular conflict between- 1. the monarchist forces 2. the democrats 3. the Maoists These challenges created massive, countrywide, pro-democracy protest in April 2006. Q 5. Name the principal players in the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. How do you assess the prospects of the resolution of this conflict?

Answer: The principal players in the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka were Sinhala and Sri Lankan Tamils. After its independence, politics in Sri Lanka was dominated by the interests of Sinhala community who was hostile to Tamils, who migrated from India to be settled there. Sinhalese presumed Sri Lanka to be belonged to them only, hence no concession should be given to Tamils. This created militant Tamil nationalism i. e. ‘Ethnic conflict’. Despite the revenges of internal conflict Sri Lanka has maintained democratic political system and registered considerable economic growth and high level of human development. Q 6. Mention some of the recent agreements between India and Pakistan. Can we be sure that the two countries are well in their way to a friendly relationship?

Answer: Although Indo-Pakistan relations seem to be the story of endemic conflict and violence, there have been a series of efforts to manage tensions and build peace under the various agreements: 1. Agreed to undertake confidence building measures to reduce the risk of war. 2. Social activists and prominent personalities have collaborated to create an atmosphere of friendship. 3. Leaders have met at summits to better understanding. 4. Bus routes have been opened up between these two countries. 5. Trade between the two parts of Punjab has increased substantially in the last five years. 6. Visas have been given more easily. No, despite the above mentioned agreements and initiatives, we can not be sure that both the countries are well in their way to friendship, still some areas of conflict exist there to be sorted out, Q 7. Mention two areas each of cooperation and disagreement between India and Bangladesh.

Answer: Disagreement 1. Differences over the sharing of the Ganga and Brahmaputra river waters. 2. Illegal immigration to India. 3. Refusal to allow Indian troops to move through its territory. 4. Not to export natural gas to India. Cooperation 1. Economic relations have been improved considerably within last ten years. 2. Bangladesh is the part of India’s ‘Look East’ policy to link up with southeast Asia via Myanmar. 3. Cooperated on the issues of disaster management and environment. 4. Cooperation on identifying common threats and being more sensitive to each other’s needs. Q 8. How are the external powers influencing bilateral relations in South Asia? Take any one example to illustrate your point.

Answer: The external powers influence bilateral relations in South Asia because no region exists in the vacuum. It is influenced by outside powers and events no matter how much it may try to insulate itself from non-regional powers: 1. China and the US remain key players in South Asian politics. 2. Sino-Indian relations have improved significantly in the last ten years, but China’s strategic partnership with Pakistan remains a major irritant. 3. The demands of development and globalisation have brought the two Asian giants closer and their economic ties have multiplied rapidly since 1991. 4. The US enjoys good relations with both India and Pakistan and works as a moderator in Indo-Pak relations. 5. Economic reforms and liberal economic policies in both the countries have increased the depth of American participation. . _ 6. The large South Asian economy remains in the US and the huge size of population and markets of the region give America an added stake in the future of regional security and peace. Q 9. Write a short note on the role and the limitations of SAARC as a forum for facilitating economic cooperation among the South Asian Countries.

Answer: Role of SAARC: Role of SAARC can be identified as follows: 1. ‘South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation’ (SAARC) is a regional initiative among South Asian states to evolve cooperation since 1985 onwards. 2. It consists of seven members to encourage mutual harmony and understanding. 3. SAARC has initiated SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Agreement) to free trade zones for wThole south Asia for collective economic security. 4. SAARC has projected on economic development of its member states to reduce their dependencies on the non-regional powers. Limitations: SAARC is growing slowly due to political differences among its member states— 1. Only the conflicts led to bilateral issues as Kashmir problem between India and Pak. 2. Some of the India’s neighbours fear that India intends to dominate them by influencing their societies and politics. 3. SAARC members are from among the developing or least developing countries which creates insufficiency of funds. Q 10. India’s neighbours often think that the Indian government tries to dominate and interfere in the domestic affairs of the smaller countries of the region. Is this a correct impression?

Answer: No, the impression is not correct because India makes efforts to manage its neighbours beyond its size and powers which can be justified on following grounds- 1. India often feels exploited by its neighbours. 2. On the other hand, India’s neighbours fear that India wants to dominate them regionally but India is centrally located who shares borders with other countries geographically, which should be accepted on mutual understanding. 3. India avoids political instability in its neighbouring states so that outsiders should not take advantage of influence in the region.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark] Q 1. Fill in the blanks: The South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed by the members of in the year

Ans: SAARC, 2004. Q 2. Whose mediation resolved the Indus River water dispute between India and Pakistan?

Answer: The World Bank. Q 3. How long did East and West Pakistan remain together?

Answer: From 1947 to 1971. Q 4. What was the reason for the formation of SAARC?

Answer: The states of South Asia recognised cooperation and friendly relations among themselves which gave birth to the formation of SAARC for mutual trust and understanding among its member states. Q 5. What is the full form of SAARC?

Answer: SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation. Q 6. Mention present status of Sri Lanka.

Answer: Sri Lanka has maintained a democratic political system alongwith a considerable economic growth i.e. Sri Lanka is one of the first developing countries to control population growth rate, liberalised economy and bears highest per capita Gross Domestic Product despite ongoing conflicts. Q 7. What does the MDP stand for?

Answer: MDP stands for Maldivian Democratic Party. Q 8. Who took the command over Pakistan after its first constitution was framed?

Answer: General Ayub Khan. Q 9. What does SPA stand for?

Answer: SPA stands for Seven Party Alliance to protest against monarchy in Nepal. Q 10. What was the former name of Sri Lanka?

Answer: Ceylon. Q 11. Mention changes that occurred in Maldives.

Answer: 1. Transformed into a republic with a presidential form of government in 1968. 2. In June 2005, parliament voted unanimously to introduce multi¬party system. 3. Democracy strengthened after 2005 elections. Q 12. What is meant by Geo-politics?

Answer: Geo-politics refers togetherness of countries who are bound with each other geographically and their interests are also interlinked politically and economically. Q 13. What do you mean by South Asia?

Answer: South Asia signifies a group of seven countries i.e. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and the Maldives who stand for diversity in every sense but still constitute one geo¬political space. Q 14. How did LTTE emerge?

Answer: LTTE emerged 1983 onwards on the negligence of Tamil interest by Sri Lanka government. Hence, ��Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam’ (LTTE) took birth demanding a seperate state for Tamil in Sri Lanka. Q 15. What does SAFTA stand for?

Answer: SAFTA: South Asian Free Trade Area Agreement.

Very Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks]

Q 1. Mention the names of member states of SAARC.

Answer: India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Maldives. Q 2. Mention any two objectives of SAARC.

Answer: 1. To provide an integrated programme for regional development. 2. To accelerate economic growth, social progress in the region. Q 3. “Democracy in South Asia has expanded the global imagination of democracy”. Do you agree? Justify.

Answer: The various countries in South Asia have experienced mixed record of democracies and the people also share an aspiration for democracy to be flourished not only in rich or developed countries but in developing and underdeveloped countries also which can be drawn from the examples of Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Maldives, because— 1. Every ordinary citizen, rich or poor belonging to different religions view the idea of democracy positively and support the institutions of representative democracy. 2. They prefer democracy over any other form of democracy and think that democracy is suitable for their country. Q 4. Explain the problems that India have with Pakistan.

Answer: India have following problems with Pakistan: 1. The problem of Kashmir on the issues of Pak occupied Kashmir (Pok) and Line of Control (LOC). India claims Kashmir to be its integral part and Pakistan refuses to accept it. Hence, wars took place in 1965 and 1971, but issue remained unsettled. 2. Problems over starting issues like control of Siachin glacier and over acquisition of arms involved both the states acquiring nuclear weapons and missiles to deliver such arms against each other in 1990s. 3. Pakistan government has been blamed for using a strategy of low key violence by helping Kashmiri militants with arms, training, money and protection to carry out terrorist strikes against India. 4. Pak’s spy agency Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) is alleged to involve in various anti India campaigns. Q 5. “Military rule and democracy are the two sides of a coin in Pakistan”. Examine the statement.

Answer: Military rule and democracy co-exist or are the two sides of a coin can be examined with the following facts: 1. After the implementation of first constitution in Pakistan, General Ayub Khan took the command, but was overthrown by military general Yahya Khan due to dissatisfaction of rule. 2. Again in 1971, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto formed an elected government which was later removed by General Zia-ul- Haq in 1977. 3. 1982 onwards, pro-democracy movements took place resulting an elected democratic government in 1988 under leadership of Benazir Bhutto, replaced by Nawaz Sharif. 4. Nawaz Sharif was again removed by General Pervez Musharraf in 1999 and in 2005, he got himself elected as president but was later dethroned by the court. Q 6. What is Indus River Water Treaty? Mention its significance also.

Answer: India and Pakistan signed Indus River Water Treaty by the mediation of the world bank in 1960 over the issue of sharing of rivers of the Indus basin. This treaty has been survived despite many military conflicts between these two countries. . Q 7. Why did India help Bangladesh to get independence and how?

Answer: Bangladesh was created by the support of India because: 1. West Pakistan did not allow Awami League, an East Pakistani Party to form government despite winning all the seats. 2. East Pakistanis rebelled against and were suppressed by the army of West Pakistan, resulting large scale migration into India. 3. This created huge refugee problem for India. 4. Hence, India supported the demand of East Pakistanis financially and militarily. 5. In December 1971, a war took place between India and Pakistan and ended with the surrender of Pakistani forces by forming Bangladesh as an independent country. Q 8. Mention some points of agreement between India and Nepal.

Answer: India and Nepal enjoy the following agreements: 1. Allow their citizens to travel and work without visas and passport. 2. India is the largest aid giver to Nepal to provide financial and technical assistance in areas of trade, scientific cooperation, common natural resources and electricity generation. Q 9. Mention the features of SAFTA.

Answer: South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed by SAARC members in 2004 with the following features: 1. Formation of Free Trade Zone for whole south Asia. 2. To sustain mutual trade and cooperation among SAARC members. Q 10. Mention some other conflicts in South Asia except with that of India.

Answer: 1. Nepal and Bhutan as well as Bangladesh and Myanmar have disagreement over the migration of ethnic Nepalese into Bhutan and Rohingyas into Myanmar. 2. Bangladesh and Nepal bear some differences over the future of Himalayan river water.

Short Answer Type Questions [4 Marks]

Q 1. Despite the mixed record of democratic experience, the people of all the countries of South Asia share the aspiration of democracy.

Answer: The various countries in South Asia have experienced mixed record of democracies and the people also share an aspiration for democracy to be flourished not only in rich or developed countries but in developing and underdeveloped countries also which can be drawn from the examples of Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Maldives, because: 1. Every ordinary citizen, rich or poor and belonging to different religions view the idea of democracy positively and support the institutions of representative democracy. 2. They prefer democracy over any other form of democracy and think that democracy is suitable for their country. Q 2. Describe any two major issues of conflicts between India and Pakistan leading to the war of 1971.

Answer: The 1947-48 war resulted in the division of the province into Pakistan occupied Kashmir (Pok) and the Indian province of Jammu and Kashmir divided by the Line of Control (LOC). Pakistan claims Kashmir to be its part but India presumes it to be its integral part. Hence, these conflicts led to war in 1971 and India won but the issues remain unsettled. Q 3. Describe any four consequences of Bangladesh war of 1971.

Ans: 1. India supported the demand of East Pakistan financially and militarily. 2. The war of 1971 made Pakistani forces to surrender in East Pakistan. 3. Bangladesh was formed as an independent country. 4. Bangladesh drafted its constitution declaring faith in secularism, democracy and socialism. Q 4. Explain India’s changing relationship with Pakistan.

Answer: Although Indo-Pakistan relations seem to be story of endemic conflict and violence, there have been a series of efforts to manage tensions and build peace under the various agreements: 1. Agreed to undertake confidence building measures to reduce the risk of war. 2. Social activists and prominent personalities have collaborated to create an atmosphere of friendship. 3. Leaders have met at summits to create better understanding. 4. Bus routes have been opened up between these two countries. 5. Trade between the two parts of Punjab has increased substantially in the last five years. 6. Visas have been given more easily. Despite above mentioned agreements and initiatives, we cannot be sure that both the countries are well on their way to friendship, still some areas of conflict exist there to be sorted out. Q 5. Highlight any two issues of cooperation as well as confrontation each between India and Bangladesh. Or Explain any two points of conflict between India and Bangladesh.

Answer: Co-operation: 1. Economic relations have been improved considerably in last ten years. 2. Bangladesh is the part of India’s ‘Look East’ policy to link up South East Asia via Myanmar. 3. Both the countries have cooperated regularly on the issues of disaster management and environment. Confrontation: 1. Bear differences over several issues including the sharing of Ganga and Brahmaputra river water. 2. India is unhappy on the issues of denial of illegal immigration, refusal to allow Indian troops and not to export natural gas to India. Q 6. What is meant by SAARC? How can peace and cooperation be enhanced through it?

Answer: SAARC stands for South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation for mutual trust and understanding among states of South Asia. Role of SAARC: 1. SAARC is a regional initiative among South Asian states to evolve cooperation since 1985 onwards. 2. It consists of seven member’s to encourage mutual harmony and understanding. 3. SAARC has initiated SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Agreement) to form free trade zones for whole South Asia for collective economic security. 4. SAARC has projected on economic development of its member states to reduce their dependencies on the non-regional powers. Q 7. Name the countries included in South Asia. How can peace and cooperation be enhanced in this region?

Answer: Countries included in South Asia are India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Maldives. South Asian countries are diverse in every sense, still constitute one geo¬political space by enhancing peace and cooperation in the following way- 1. People in all these countries share an aspiration of fair democracy. 2. South Asian members recognise the importance of cooperation and friendly relations among themselves. 3. SAARC is the regional initiative to evolve cooperation among member states. 4. SAARC members have signed South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) to free trade for the whole of south Asia. Q 8. How was democracy restored in Nepal over monarchy? Explain

Answer: Nepal was a Hindu kingdom in the past and then a constitutional monarchy in the modern period for many years- 1. Throughout this period, the political parties and common people wanted to establish democracy, but the king retained full control with the help of army and restricted expansion of democracy. 2. The king accepted new democratic constitution in 1990 due. to pro-democracy movement but again in 2007, due to triangular conflict of monarchists, democrats and maoists, king abolished the parliament. 3. A massive countrywide pro¬democracy protest took place and achieved first major victory to force king to restore the house of representatives. 4. But Nepal’s transition to democracy is not complete. It is moving towards the framing of constituent assembly to France and its constitution. Q 9. Why did India and Nepal experience differences between themselves?

Ans: India and Nepal experience differences between themselves due to the following reasons- 1. Indian government expressed displeasure at the warm relationship between Nepal and China. 2. India is unhappy on inaction of Nepal government against anti-Indian elements. 3. The Maoist movement in Nepal is a security threat to India giving rise to Naxalite groups in various states of India from Bihar in the North to Andhra Pradesh in the South. Q 10. Mention some features of Indo-Bhutan relationship.

Answer: India does not have any major conflict with the Bhutanese government. 1. The efforts made by Bhutanese monarch to weed out the gurillas and militants from north-eastern India that operate in the country have been helpful to India. 2. India is involved in big hydroelectric projects in Bhutan and remains the Himalayan Kingdom’s biggest source of development aid.

Passage Based Questions [5 Marks]

1. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions: Pakistan and Bangladesh have experienced both civilian and military rulers, with Bangladesh remaining democracy, in the Post Cold War period. Pakistan began the post cold war period with successive democratic governments under Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif respectively. But it suffered a military coup in 1999 and-has been run by a military regime since then. Till 2006, Nepal was a constitutional monarchy with the danger of the king taking over executive powers. In 2006, a successful uprising led to restoration of democracy and reduced the king to a nominal position, from the experience of Bangladesh and Nepal, we can say that democracy is becoming an accepted norm in the entire region of South Asia. Questions 1. How did Pakistan begin with Post Cold War period? 2. Mention two reasons for the aspiration of democracy in South Asia. 3. Why these findings are significant?

Answer: 1. Pakistan began with post cold war period with successive democratic government under Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif. 2. Ordinary citizens rich or poor or belonging to different religions or institutions view democracy more suitable and support them. 3. Because it was earlier believed that democracy could flourish and find support only in prosperous countries of the world. 2. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions: No region exists in a vacuum. It is influenced by outside powers and events, no matter how much it may try to insulate itself from non-regional powers. China and the United States remain key players in South Asian politics. Sino-Indian relations have improved significantly in the last ten years, but China’s strategic partnership with Pakistan remains a major irritant. The demands of development and globalisation have brought the two Asian giants closer and their economic ties have multiplied rapidly since 1991. Questions 1. Which two countries have been referred to as outside powers? 2. Which are the two Asian giants and why they have been called so? 3. China’s strategic partnership with Pakistan is a major irritant for which country and why?

Answer: 1. The US and China. 2. India and China, because both of them have been considered as rising economic powers in the world. 3. India, because China has been seen as a contributor to Pakistan’s nuclear programme.

Long Answer Type Questions [6 Marks]

Q 1. Assess the positive and negative aspects of India’s relations with Bangladesh. Answer: Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan from 1947 to 1971. It consisted of the partitioned areas of Bengal and Assam from British India. The people of this region resented the domination of Western Pakistan and the imposition of Urdu language. Soon after the partition, they began protests against the unfair treatment meted out to the Bengali culture and language. They demanded autonomy for the eastern region. But the government dominated by the West Pakistan leadership refused their demand. The Pakistan army tried to suppress the mass movement of the Bengali people. Thousands were killed by the Pakistan army. This led a large scale migration into India, creating a huge refugee problem for India. The government of India supported the demand of the people of East Pakistan for their independence and helped them financially and militarily. This resulted in a war between India and Pakistan in December 1971 that ended in surrender of the Pakistan forces in East Pakistan and the formation of Bangladesh as an independent country. Q 2. How is the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) a major regional initiative by South Asian States to evolve co-operation through multilateral means? Assess.

Answer: Role of SAARC: Role of SAARC can be identified in the following ways: 1. ‘South Asia Association for Regional Co-operation’ (SAARC) is a regional initiative among South Asian States to evolve cooperation since 1985 onwards. 2. It consists of seven members to encourage mutual harmony and understanding. 3. SAARC has initiated SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Agreement) to form free trade zones for whole South Asia for collective economic security. 4. SAARC has projected economic development of its member states to reduce their dependencies on the non-regional powers. South Asian free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed by SAARC members in 2004 with the following features: 1. Formation of free trade zone for whole South Asia. 2. To lower trade tarrifs by 20%. 3. To sustain mutual trade and cooperation among SAARC members. Q 3. Like India why could democracy not take roots in Pakistan despite the fact that both the countries share a common part? Or Explain the factors responsible for Pak’s failure in building a stable democracy. Or Describe any two pro-democracy factors present in Pakistan which can pave the way for establishing a lasting democratic setup over there? Or “Since 1947 Pakistan has been experimenting with democratic system and the military rule”. In the light of above statement explain any two reasons why democratic system has not been stable there?

Answer: The following factors are responsible for Pakistan’s failure in building a stable democracy: 1. The lack of genuine international support for a democratic rule in Pakistan has encouraged to military to continue its dominance. The US and other countries have also supported military rule due to fulfilling their own interests. 2. Pakistan’s conflict with India has made paramilitary groups more powerful which have often said that political parties and democracy in Pakistan are flawed, that Pakistan’s security would be harmed by selfish minded parties and chaotic democracy, hence army stay in power is justified. 3. The social dominance of military, clergy, and owning aristocracy has led to frequent overthrow of elected governments and the establishing of military governments. 4. Global Islamic Terrorism and their apprehension that Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal might fall into hands of these terrorist groups, the military regime in Pakistan was seen as the protector of western interests in West Asia and South Asia. The two pro-democracy factors present in Pakistan that can pave the way for establishing a lasting democratic set up over there are: 1. Pakistan bears a courageous and entirely free press. 2. Pakistan enjoys strong human rights movement. Q 4. What are the major differences between SAARC and European Union as an alternative centres of poor?

Answer: 1. The European Union bears economic political-diplomatic and military influence all over the region and its closest neighbours whereas SAARC is limited towards its South Asian Region only. 2. The member states of European Union are maximum from among the developed countries while SAARC members are from among least developed countries (LOCs) 3. The EU behaves like a nation state by having its own anthem and currency but SARRC does not enjoy these. 4. The EU performance as an important bloc in international economic organisations such as WTO but SAARC has initiated SAFTA only to cooperate economically among its member states.

Picture/Map Based Questions [5 Marks]

Al. Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

1. What does the cartoon represent? 2. What does the equations speak about? 3. “I’m always good at calculations”. What does this represent?

Answer: 1. Dual role of Pakistan’s ruler Pervez Musharraf as the president and as army General. , 2. These equations speak about dominance of one person militarily more rather than only president. 3. It shows the nation that Musharraf wants to command the country militarily and administratively both to strengthen his power because president’s survival is not easy without military support. 2. Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

Questions 1. What does the cartoon represent? 2. Which animals do represent Sinhala and LTTE? 3. What does Sri Lankan leadership speak in the cartoon?

Answer: 1. Sri Lanka’s ethnic conflict between LTTE and Sinhala. 2. Sinhala by Lion, LTTE by Tiger. 3. Sri Lankan leadership is supposed to balance both Sinhala hardliners and Tamil militants while negotiating peace. B. On a political outline map of world locate and label the following and symbolise them as indicated:

Questions 1. A landlocked country with multi-party competition. 2. Centrally located and shares borders with most South Asian Countries. 3. Earlier the island had Sultan as head, now its a republic. 4. A landlocked country with a monarchy. 5. Country, where military has prevailed over democracy

Answer: 1. Bhutan 2. India 3. Maldives 4. Nepal 5. Pakistan

from Blogger http://www.margdarsan.com/2020/08/ncert-class-12-political-science-world_27.html

#NCERT Class 12 Political Science

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chandelblogs · 1 year ago

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Exploring Arihant's "All in One" Series for CBSE Classes 11-12 Humanities

Navigating the humanities stream in CBSE classes 11 and 12 requires a solid set of resources that provide in-depth knowledge and comprehensive exam preparation. Arihant Publication's "All in One" series is designed to meet these needs, offering a range of books that cover critical subjects in the humanities curriculum. Whether you're looking for "Arts Books for Class 11th," "Geography Textbooks for Class 12th," "Political Science for Class 12th," or the latest "Textbooks for 2025," Arihant has you covered.

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0 notes

chandelblogs · 1 year ago

Text

Exploring Arihant's "All in One" Series for CBSE Classes 11-12 Humanities

Introduction

Arihant Publications: A Name Synonymous with Quality

Commitment to Excellence

All in One Books for CBSE Classes 11-12 Humanities

Introducing the Series

Key Features

In-Depth Look: Arts Books for Class 11th

Subject Coverage

Benefits for Students

Optimizing Book Utilization

In-Depth Look: Geography Textbooks for Class 12th

Subject Coverage

Benefits for Students

Optimizing Book Utilization

In-Depth Look: Political Science for Class 12th

Subject Coverage

Benefits for Students

Optimizing Book Utilization

Textbooks for 2025: Preparing for the Future

Future-Ready Learning

Why Choose Arihant's All in One Series?

User Feedback and Reviews

Tips for Parents and Teachers

Supporting Student Success

Integrating Books into Study Plans

Conclusion

FAQs

0 notes

margdarsanme · 5 years ago

Text

NCERT Class 12 Political Science (World) Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia

NCERT Class 12 Political Science Solutions (Contemporary World Politics)

Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia

Answer: (a) All the countries in South Asia are democratic. Q 3. What are some of the commonalities and differences between Bangladesh and Pakistan in their democratic experiences?