#Cupronickel

[idigitizellp21]

All You Need to Know: Cupronickel and Hastelloy Steel Grades

For industries like marine engineering, petrochemical, chemical processing, or aerospace, where materials are exposed to extreme conditions, understanding steel grades ensures the longevity and reliability of structures, machinery, and piping systems. Different grades offer unique combinations of strength, corrosion resistance, temperature tolerance, and other key factors that directly influence their suitability for various environments. 

What are Steel Grades?

Steel grades are classifications based on the properties of the metal and its alloying elements. For Cupronickel and Hastelloy, grades are determined by their composition, mechanical strength, and resistance to corrosion, oxidation, and temperature. 

Cupronickel Grades: Marine-Grade Material for Extreme Conditions

Cupronickel (Cu-Ni) is an alloy primarily made of copper and nickel. It contains trace elements such as iron and manganese to boost its corrosion resistance, particularly in seawater.

Grades of Cupronickel:

1. Cupronickel 90/10 (C70600):

Composition: 90% copper and 10% nickel.

Properties: High corrosion resistance in seawater, good thermal conductivity.

Applications: Marine hardware, desalination plants, and heat exchangers.

 2. Cupronickel 70/30 (C71500):

Composition: 70% copper and 30% nickel.

Properties: Greater strength and corrosion resistance than 90/10, especially in high-velocity seawater.

Applications: Offshore oil and gas platforms, seawater cooling systems, and condensers.

Key Properties of Cupronickel Grades:

1. Corrosion Resistance: Both 70/30 and 90/10 grades are resistant to biofouling and seawater corrosion.

2. Mechanical Strength: 70/30 offers higher mechanical strength than 90/10.

3. Thermal Conductivity: Both grades provide excellent thermal conductivity, making them ideal for heat exchangers and piping systems.

Hastelloy Steel Grades: Superalloys for Extreme Chemical Resistance

Hastelloy is a superalloy made of nickel, molybdenum, and chromium. It’s known for its ability to withstand extreme conditions, such as exposure to aggressive chemicals, high temperatures, and oxidation.

Common Grades of Hastelloy:

1.Hastelloy C-276:

Composition: High nickel, molybdenum, and chromium content with a small amount of tungsten.

Properties: Exceptional resistance to a wide range of severe chemicals and oxidizing agents.

Applications: Petrochemical industry, chemical processing, pollution control, and pulp and paper production.

2. Hastelloy B-3:

Composition: High nickel and molybdenum with limited iron content.

Properties: Excellent resistance to hydrochloric acid at all temperatures and concentrations.

Applications: Chemical reactors, distillation equipment, and piping systems in petrochemical and chemical industries.

Key Properties of Hastelloy Grades:

1. Corrosion Resistance: Hastelloy alloys can withstand acidic environments that would corrode most other materials.

2. High-Temperature Stability: Hastelloy maintains its strength and resistance at high temperatures, making it ideal for industries with extreme heat and corrosive conditions.

3. Oxidation Resistance: It resists oxidation in both static and dynamic conditions, raising its longevity in industrial settings.

Comparing Cupronickel and Hastelloy Steel Grades

Though both Cupronickel and Hastelloy are known for their durability, they serve different industries based on their distinct properties.

Cupronickel 90/10 & 70/30 /  Hastelloy C-276 & B-3

Corrosion Resistance Excellent in seawater, Exceptional in aggressive chemicals

Temperature Tolerance Moderate,  High (up to 1000°C for some grades)

Applications Marine, Oil & Gas, Chemical processing, aerospace

Understanding the role of advanced alloys of best steel grades and classifying between them accordingly like Cupronickel or Hastelloy and Inconel 600 or Monel Fasteners helps businesses make informed decisions. Choosing the right alloy guarantees your application is protected, reduces costs, and improves performance, even in tough environments. 

At Online Fittings, we offer a comprehensive range of Cupronickel and Hastelloy steel grades, ensuring you get the best material for your industrial needs. Explore our products today to find the perfect solution for your next project!

[thesteelexporter]

How to join aluminum rectangular tubes 

Rectangular aluminum tubes are used in a wide range of applications. These tubes are made of aluminum and have a number of applications, including but not limited to: Lithium-ion Battery CellsLithium-ion batteries are the most common type of battery. Their cost can be high, and they require a small amount of energy to operate. Lithium-ion batteries have a higher energy density than other types of batteries. 

Since ancient times, aluminum slip-fit rectangular tubing has been used. They have been used in a variety of applications. From motors to boats, and from electronics to motors, they are used everywhere. aluminum is used in many electronic parts. In the electronic industry, aluminum is one of the most commonly used alloys. It is lightweight, conducts heat well, and does not conduct electricity very well. Learn more about aluminum alloys if you are interested in electronics and how they work. aluminum alloys are available in a variety of types. Among the more interesting ones are beryllium-aluminum alloys, tantalum, and tungsten aluminum alloys. There are many different applications for these materials, and some have very distinct properties.   

In the automotive industry, aluminum rectangular steel tube connectors is a popular product. Vehicles such as cars, trucks, and buses use them. It is for this reason that aluminum box tubes are called flat tubes. In the automotive industry, aluminum box tubes are used because they are strong and can withstand high pressure without deforming. Additionally, they are resistant to corrosion, rust, and moisture. A major advantage of aluminum flat tubes is that they can be heat-treated to improve their strength and durability, depending on the application. 

What is rectangular aluminum Tubing & Piping? 

connecting rectangular tubing without welding aluminum piping and tubing are silvery-white, soft, and ductile. The metal belongs to the boron group. aluminum is the third most abundant element present on earth. aluminum has low density. When exposed to corroding environments, aluminum forms a passivating coating on its surface, which helps it avoid further corrosion on its internal structure. aluminum is mostly made into an alloy of elements like copper, manganese, zinc, magnesium, and silicon. 

Despite their low density, these pipes and tubing have good electrical and thermal conductivity. Since aluminum conducts at cold temperatures, it can be considered a superconductor. 

Fabrication, finishing, and heat treatment 

After extrusion, piping or tubing can be heat treated to enhance their properties. After heat treatment, they receive several surface finishes to improve their appeal and corrosion resistance. 

To achieve their final dimensions, they may also undergo fabrication processes. 

Tap Here To Read More About This Article: https://thesteelexporter.com/how-to-join-aluminium-rectangular-tubes/ 

[jaydeeptubes]

We Jaydeep Tubes Pvt. Ltd. one of the Largest Manufacturers, Stockist & Suppliers of Cupro Nickel 90/10, Cupro Nickel 70/30, Copper, Aluminium Brass, Admiralty Brass Tubes & Finned Tubes. We enjoy a strong presence in the Marketing, Exporting, Importing and supplying of high quality Hot Extruded & Cold Drawn Copper Tubes, Finned Tubes, PVC Coated Copper Tubes, Inner Grooved Coils, Level Wound Coil, Copper Plumbing Tubes & Fittings, which is in compliance with BS, IS, DIN, JIS, ASTM & ASME Standards.

[sonic-gallery]

Another World Ogiri July 2023 [What are Orbot, Cubot, and Gemerl doing...? ]

Leave your pest control to us! Insect killer three musketeers!

Two characters appear every month in surprising outfits and situations! Let's enjoy Ogiri together with illustrations that will make your imagination run wild!

This time, Orbot & Cubot and Gemerl are unexpectedly combined! ? Introduced as a giant super robot filled with boy's romance! It looks like he's pulling off some incredible trick...?

What kind of lines or narration would you use?

You can style it based on the atmosphere and world view of the two of you in the game, or you can create a bold arrangement! In the example, it looks like a commercial that seems to blow away not only insects but all sorts of things... It's OK to use such free-spirited jokes!

Please enjoy it and tweet with the tag "#Isekai Ogiri" on Twitter ♪

We will introduce the good ones in a reply from Sonic's official Twitter account.

We are looking forward to your fun Ogiri posts!

Act 7: “Steel Core Combination Gran Botkaiser”

A certain port base on the outskirts of Casino Police...

The silence was torn apart by the images of three gigantic steel planes that flew in with a roar... When they combined at a point in the void with an earth-shaking sound, they were enveloped in a dazzling ball of light.

And the next moment...!

"'Steel Core Combination! Gran Botkaiser!'"

There, an invincible steel giant with a total height of 400 meters stood towering with determination, with the port and city in its back.

"According to the information, we have confirmed an ultra-high energy reaction!...The strength is unprecedented!"

With a nervous look on his face, he reported to the Steel Giant's right body part, ``Red Iron Orbot,'' which is in charge of attacks.

"It's okay. The evacuation of citizens has finished, so let's clean up as usual."

The one who replied to Noweki was the "Yellow Iron Cubot" whose left body part was in charge of defense.

"Understand the situation. G (Gran) Botkaiser, activate battle mode!"

The person who announced the start of the operation above the two of them was ``Gemerl of Black Iron'', who has a head and chest part and has full control authority.

Then, as if the three had completed their preparations, a gigantic body gradually rising from the sea was displayed on Gemerl's console monitor, accompanied by an alert sound.

A strange-looking giant robot equipped with cupronickel-colored steel spikes...is the ``enemy.''

At first glance, it seemed businesslike...but with determination, Gemerl calmly told his friends.

"Weapons fully open. Battle begins."

It was only recently that the ``enemy'' appeared from nowhere and began attacking this port base.

Orbot is a happy-go-lucky guy, Cubot is a laid-back guy, and Gemerl is a cool guy who doesn't talk much. Peace in the area is maintained by their G-Bot Kaiser blocking the ``enemy''.

At that time, an attack by an unprecedentedly powerful "enemy" occurred. G-Bot Kaiser was waiting for the ``enemy'' with maximum equipment without a limiter.

"Hey, Gemerl. I think what we need to fight together is communication." " That's right. Let's hang out for an oil bar after work~" " ..."

As the two chat with each other in front of their ``enemy,'' Gemerl answers silently.

"...Well, as usual, I'll leave the battle to Gemerl."

The "enemy" approaches slowly. The first eye shines eerily on the matte cupronickel colored body. And the steel spiked blade on its back reminded me of a certain animal. When the ``enemy'' got in range, he lowered his hips and heard a dark driving sound.

"It's as big as us... It's spiny, so why call it a mecha hedgehog?"

<< Zugon! >>

A shock attack that cuts Cubot's carefree talk to shreds! The ``enemy'''s rushing attack grazed right in front of me, knocking off part of my shoulder armor.

"It's so bad! What's going on now!?" "Just scratched me!? Is that the blade...!"

A different level of strength than before. Despite the two men's stiffness, the circling ``enemy'' approaches G-Bot Kaiser in terrifying pursuit.

"...Shockproof defense, 'Cue Shield' deployed!" "Okay! Leave me alone!"

<< Zudoooon! >>

At the moment of contact with the raised shield, the ``enemy'' is blown away by an unexpected large explosion, steps on the tatara, and falls to his knees...!

Cubot's ``explosion reaction shield'' was effective, reacting to the impact by exploding the surface of the shield to counterbalance and counterattack the force. Deals counter damage and has a great first move! That's what I want to say...

"What's this explosion!? Gemerl is terrible! His face will turn into popcorn!"

Cubot, whose face is embedded in the shield and gets caught up in the explosion, becomes battered and violently protests. Bringing a prototype with the strongest weapon backfired, but there's nothing we can do about it now...

Despite the protests, Gemerl attempts to pursue the ``enemy,'' who is still unable to get up.

"Piercing EMP weapon 'Oh Drill' fully released!" "Understood! I will avenge Cubot!"

<< Guyy! >>

Along with the ultra-hard drill with built-in Orbot, a spiral lightning bolt that burns out electronic circuits is fired at the enemy.

<< Gari Gari Gari...! >>

Although the drill itself was blocked by the "enemy", sparks ran through the joints of the arms and smoke erupted from various places...! Electromagnetic pulse attacks are certainly effective.

I can keep pushing through!

.....But then the rotation of the drill gradually weakened and finally stopped completely. Then the Orbot face at the base of the drill protested breathlessly.

"The electromagnetic pulse works here too...and I'm dizzy...I'm not from Gemerl!"

At this point, the self-inflicted damage and separation of allies...G-Bot Kaiser lost a valuable attack opportunity.

The "enemy" turns into a counterattack, curls up and spins at high speed...! The bristling blades of its ball-shaped body emit a dull light, and the next moment it attacks with an attack technique that combines offense and defense.

The only remaining armament is the special move "Ultimate Trinity" using Gemerl's chest cannon "G-End", but it doesn't respond when you press the fire button...!

Zimel shook his head as expected.

This is because this weapon has a safety device that says, ``You can't shoot unless the hearts of three people are united.'' And they had never been able to shoot it before.

It is no longer possible to avoid the attacks of the "enemy"...! Gemerl tried to attack Orbot and Cubot, but they were already at their limit due to severe damage.

"...Emergency measure. Take the bullet with your chest armor!"

Gemerl puts his chest, which is the most heavily armored, forward and tries to deflect the blow by adjusting the angle of reflection, but...

<< Gwashaa! >>

The impact was unstoppable, and it caused massive damage that penetrated the armor...! The giant body is blown away and sinks into the ground, and sparks run all over the giant body as it falls face down.

Gemerl's console monitor displayed a red pop-up informing him of the damage area and the image of the ``enemy'' entering the next attack motion.

"...I could have just disposed of us and protected myself." "To protect us..."

The Orbots see oil pouring out of their eyes as they see Zimel being more damaged than they are.

"...We have to work together! Let's all three defeat him together!"

Two people with shining eyes. Perhaps his uprising spirit was conveyed to Gimmel, who was on the verge of going down, but the light returned to his eyes and he tried to wake up G-Bot Kaiser, who had failed.

And that moment...

Gemerl looked around and saw a sign for an ice cream shop that was a tenant in the building.

"cream......?"

......cream. For some reason, just that word...

Even though he didn't know what it was, just saying the name made him feel a strange surge of strength. There's something behind me that I need to protect...something important.

Protect the cream. Even if this body ends. Driven by this inexplicable but certain feeling, G-Bot Kaiser stands up bravely.

Meanwhile, the Orbots also had their eyes glued to something written on the wall of the base.

A distinctive mark that shows the face of a smiling bearded man with an egghead.

...I will protect this base. That is an absolute command from the ``boss''... That mark instantly brings back the terrifying mission in their memory.

If we don't protect ourselves, we have no future...!

``For Cream!'' ` `I can't really remember, but it's all for the boss!'' ` `To avoid getting angry at the boss!''

There's something I want to protect.

G-Bot Kaiser is enveloped in a dazzling light as his separated feelings become one. The light gathers at the "G-end" of her chest.

"What's this reaction...? The Aegis circuit didn't say 'un' or 'sn'! "

The letter "G" shines on the console monitor. Gemerl nods silently... The three hearts have become one.

"'Hisatsu...Ultimate Trinity!!'"

<< Cool! >>

The ultimate discharge weapon made possible by the latest technology. This amazing plasma erupts in a roar of light that instantly reduces all matter to ashes.

Then, it pierced the center of the ``enemy'', increasing its power and range even further, splitting the ocean in front of it, gouging out the mountains... and eventually grazing the moon in the sky, changing part of its outline. did.

A few seconds after the roar stopped... The ``enemy'', which had become completely ventilated, exploded on the sea with a huge roar.

<< Doggoooon...! >>

The seawater that was blown up to the stratosphere froze at high altitude and reflected light, scattering in the form of a gigantic rainbow tombstone that illuminated several kilometers square.

......Total victory.

The ``enemy'' disappeared without a trace, leaving only G-Bot Kaiser standing there, smoke emitting from every part of his body, turning into an object of victory.

"Severe damage caused by recoil from using G-End"

The three of them can no longer even move, let alone uncombine. Gemerl calmly tells the Orbots.

"Well, since we defeated him, it's not good♪" "It's not good! You've destroyed a lot of things...What are you going to do now, Gemerl?"

"..."

After a long silence, Gemerl spoke in a businesslike manner, but with goodwill.

"Let's go to the oil bar."

...After an atmosphere of excitement...the two, and then the three of them, laugh heartily, forgetting that they can't even move.

Their hearts were united at this very moment, filled with a sense of accomplishment and pride in being able to protect what was important to them.

"After the fight..."

"Amazing! Hey, hey, did you see what you just saw?"

A little while after the "enemy" exploded and scattered...

A little away, on a small hill, Tails was very excited to see the majestic figure of G-Bot Kaiser standing on the battlefield, and Sonic was looking at him with a slightly sheepish smile.

"Tails... your love of mecha is still the same."

Tails, shy after receiving the point, begins to analyze his specialty with a serious expression. During the battle with Eggman's army before the ``incident'', this was indeed Eggman's base, and Gemerl and Orbot were supposed to be hostile to each other there. The fact that it changed into this form...

"I think...Eggman himself may not be able to control this incident."

After a pause, Tails continued.

"I think Eggman's plan was to create a different world that would be more convenient for Eggman. But this is completely different from that now, isn't it?" "Certainly, Eggman's minions, Orbots I don't understand why you're getting along so well with Gemerl.''

Sonic nods at Tails' point.

"Yes, but it's not just that. Shadow's live performance, Emmy and Blaze's fortune-telling and magic, my appearance... There are too many changes happening here and there that Eggman would never have thought of. Moreover, Let's keep the basic relationship intact, okay?" " ...Hey Tails. What do you mean?"

Tails, who was asked this after speaking in one breath, was a little at a loss for words and answered as follows.

"I can't say it well, but...the 'interpretation' of the world...is being overwritten here and there by someone other than Eggman..." " 'Interpretation'!? ...How? To whom?" "I don't know... But otherwise, it wouldn't be possible to explain why there are so many different incidents all over the world, each with its own chaotic concept. ......”

Although Tails tried to say that, he realized that it was such a far-fetched deduction, and his face turned red and he lowered his eyes.

"Sorry, I'm saying something a little strange..."

Tails shrugs, thinking that he hasn't analyzed anything after all. But Sonic grabbed him by the shoulders and said,

"What are you talking about, Tails? You're definitely getting closer to the answer , aren't you? " "...Huh? " If we investigate further to see if something unusual is happening, we'll find out who's behind it, right? We're taking a step forward, aren't we?"

Let's say something. Although she thought that it was just an ``interpretation,'' Tails felt a warm confidence return to her chest.

"Oh, that's right...! Thank you, Sonic!"

Sonic starts running, saying let's go, and Tails follows with a smile on his face. The two of them took one step forward, and then took a strong step toward the future, two or three steps ahead.

[guiltiest-gear]

This modpack wants me to make 256 meters of cupronickel wire

This modpack continues to fascinate me, there's so much going on

[terracrafty]

What is your crafting recipe? Is it similar to pig iron, cupronickel or bronze?

smelt lesbian ore (from lesbos)

[whumpster-fire]

Dumb RWS Headcanons: How Do the Faces Work?

I know it's kind of silly but I really like the idea that the engines' faces are actual physical objects.

Vehicles' faceplates are in theory a single piece of metal other than the eyelids, but it changes shape and moves.

Faceplates are manufactured as "blanks" with nondescript features. The first time an engine is steamed or otherwise activated and able to move under its own power, their face warps itself into shape. Within a class there's usually some family resemblance, but no one truly knows what an engine will look like until they're fired up! Twins sometimes happen when two or more engines are built at the same time and place, but identical twins are a small minority of engines, especially steam engines! They're more common the more standardized and mass-produced a vehicle is. Maybe 10% of steam engines and 20-30% of older diesels and electrics are twins/triplets - but this number has risen as multiple units and trainsets become more common. Sometimes engines call themselves twins even if they're not identical - Tallyln and Dolgoch's faces might not be the same as their Sudrian counterparts!

The face is not the center of an engine's sentience, as evidenced by the fact that some engines get on just fine without them! Why do people bother putting faces on them, then?... Honestly it's tradition. Modern people might be more comfortable having a conversation with a machine, but steam locomotives were invented not only over a century before computer-synthesized voices but several decades before the phonograph! Victorian-era British people were not comfortable entrusting their lives to an expressionless machine capable of speech and malice unless they could make eye contact with it.

The reason engines' faces are usually pale grey is because they're made of metals like white bronze, white brass, cupronickel, or nickel silver (note: this is a copper/nickel/zinc alloy and does not contain silver). These alloys are highly corrosion-resistant. Steam engines' smokeboxes are usually painted black because black paints are cheap, IIRC at the time were the only thing heat-resistant enough, and also coal dust and soot are less obvious on it. But the movement of an engine's face will cause paint to flake off very quickly. Theoretically making an engine's face out of colored metals or polishing it to be super shiny is possible but it's not done much, at least in the anglosphere. Some diesel and electric engines have faceplates made of anodized aluminum, (which lets them be the color of the surrounding bodywork), or stainless steel

Yes, you can remove and replace an engine's face! Usually this doesn't need to be done unless they're in a severe crash: steam engines' faces are made of thick metal and are supernaturally strong and ductile, and very corrosion-resistant, and will be just about the last thing to go if an engine is left to rust. If it is replaced, usually a blank won't warp to the right shape until the engine's fired, so the one time faceplates are specially sculpted for a specific engine is with preserved engines whose boilers can't be fired any time soon.

You shouldn't put an engine's face on a different engine. It will end up looking like the engine "wearing" it is supposed to look, but it's painful and results in the face developing cracks prematurely.

Also don't mess with the face of a scrapped engine. Don't use it on another engine, don't mount it on a wall or put it in a museum, just don't. Just lay it to rest by melting it down. You don't have the luxury of "not being superstitious" with the remains of a being that demonstrably had no physical means of speaking, moving, or changing its facial expressions. Human ghosts may be scary but relatively harmless specters of mist, wind, and whispers: the ghost of a machine is a poltergeist with the same power over fire, metal, electricity, inertia, and building-leveling amounts of pressurized steam that it did in life, but no longer limited to influencing its own body. The vengeful spirit of a departed steam engine doesn't rattle doorknobs or knock vases off tables, it causes unexplained gas leaks, failed pilot lights, broken chains or cables or hydraulic jacks, glitched carbon monoxide detectors, and water heaters or boilers that won't shut off and the emergency relief valves inexplicably jam.

Usually faces for non-powered rolling stock are made of carved wood or are painted on. Putting metal faces on them is mostly a Sodor thing, and possibly the GWR.

I'm not sure what engines' eyes are made of... maybe glass, or maybe they're hollow metal spheres? Either way the pupil is actually transparent and the inside surface of the eye is black. Faceless vehicles can see without eyes moderately well, but ones built with faces aren't used to it and can't see at all or very little if their eyes are covered or removed. Some engines' eyes light up (if an IRL engine's headlight is on the front of the smokebox, it probably has glowing eyes).

There isn't any mechanical device that moves an engine's eyes, but they do have physical support. They're kind of like a trackball computer mouse. They need to be lubricated and kept clean, and there is a real system for this. Some engines use condensed steam (usually coming from the source of steam for other accessories) or other water-based liquid for tears, but some might use mineral oil?

By the way these eyes can be big! Some of the largest American engines have eyeballs well over 2 feet in diameter!

Yes, the face swings open to access the smokebox/grille. The face itself may be on the smokebox door or be in front of it and on a separate hinge. The catch for the faceplate hinge is typically on the side of the smokebox. And then there are the Cab-Forwards and Garratts.

[puppygirldick]

junk silver cheat code: coinstars operate by weighing coins to determine if a coin is acceptable legal tender and they are set to the weight of cupronickel quarters not silver so it will reject the heavier silver coins and most people do not know the value of silver coins -- a 1964 half dollar is worth (6-$12 in silver today for example over 10x inflation) or wont notice or care so they will just leave them there so check the coin returns

[oryst]

i made another coin ring last week, from a south korean ten won coin. it turned out looking quite different to my canadian penny ring despite them both being some sort of cupronickel (my skin shall turn twice as green twice as quickly now)

[mysweetoddbird]

idk if yall know this, but by 1965, silver coins were being hoarded by the general public, so there were fewer in circulation, and the coins were becoming more expensive to make. so the mint did two things to try and combat the problem: 1. they changed the composition of both dimes and quarters from the 90% silver that they had been, to a copper core coated in a cupronickel alloy that was much cheaper to produce, and 2. because the mint thought that coin collecting was contributing to the coin shortage, they removed the mint marks from all coins produced in that year.

mint marks refers to a small letter etched into the coin: P for coins that were minted in Philadelphia, D for coins that were minted in Denver, and S for coins minted in San Francisco (there are a few others (CC, C, W, O), but these are the main ones that you'll see). anyway, mint marks are a way for collectors to tell coins apart, so a collector who already has a 1954 P dime (which in 1954 would have no mint mark at all, since the philadelphia mint didn't start using a mint mark until 1942, and that was only for nickels, which they stopped in 1945. the Philadelphia mint mark wouldn't show up again until 1979) may still also want a 1954 D dime. so if they were to remove the mint mark, that would be less coins taken out of circulation by collectors.

now, this tracks so far, but you'll remember that the mint also changed the composition of dimes and quarters this year, which provides an opportunity for an error called a transitional off-metal error. this happens when a silver planchet that had been intended for the previous year's coins gets mistakenly fed into the mint and results in a silver 1965 coin going into circulation.

because this is so rare, these coins are exceptionally valuable. some of them go for 5 or 6 thousand dollars depending on condition.

anyway, there's no grand moral here to wrap it all up, i just think its funny that the mint, trying desperately to keep people from collecting coins, created what is today one of the most sought after coin errors by collectors

[thesteelexporter]

Chromium Molybdenum Steel and High Temperature Applications 

Industrial applications of chrome molybdenum steel include construction machinery, chemical processing equipment, and pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment. In addition, it is used as an alloying element in stainless steel used in food processing machinery, jet engines, and aircraft construction. Chromium molybdenum steel is cold-worked to increase its chromium content. Corrosion resistance and strength are better than those of stainless steel with the same carbon content. The production of chrome molybdenum steel is also resistant to phosphates and organic solvents. 

Chromium molybdenum steel is available in a wide range of thicknesses, from 0.001 inches to 2 inches (1 mm to 50 mm). In terms of hardness and corrosion resistance, it is comparable to chromium molybdenum stainless steel. When welded into iron alloy steels or forgings, chromium molybdenum steel has excellent chemical and electrochemical properties. In addition to alloy steels, chromium molybdenum steel is suitable for high-temperature, high-strength applications. Among its applications are the casting of structural shapes, tubing, bearings, pipes, and alloys. 

Chromium-molybdenum alloy steel (or chrome moly) is used in high-temperature and high-pressure applications. Due to its corrosion resistance and high-temperature and tensile strength, it is used in the oil and gas, energy, construction, and automotive industries. 

What is the purpose of Cr and Mo? 

Over the years, Mo has been a standard alloying element in creep-resistant steel that can withstand temperatures up to 530 C. Mo lowers the creep rate of steel and slows carbide coagulation and coarsening at high temperatures. Due to its high-temperature suitability and creep resistance, Mo-based steels are primarily used in power generation and petrochemical plants. 

However, increasing the Mo content of the steel will not improve its properties because creep ductility decreases with increasing Mo. Furthermore, graphitization (the breakdown of iron carbides) occurs above 500°C. Mo-based steels are limited by these drawbacks. 

A solution was found by alloying chromium with molybdenum. The CrMo steel has many advantages over Mo-based alloys, and it was the first steel that allowed steam temperatures in power plants to exceed 500°C. 

Because of their combined properties (with a minimum Cr content of 9% and a minimum Mo content of 1%), this duo of alloying elements works so well. As an example, Mo gives the steel its strength and allows it to work at higher temperatures. Moreover, the Cr results in excellent oxidation and helps the steel resist corrosion better. In addition to providing good hardness penetration, the Cr content ensures uniform hardness. 

Due to its additional strength and corrosion resistance, CrMo steel is used when mild carbon steel isn’t strong enough. Chrome moly has these advantages, which is why it is used in so many different applications. 

It is possible to obtain significant corrosion resistance and toughness with chromium molybdenum steel that has a chromium content of 0.01 percent to 1.50 percent. 

The high strength, corrosion resistance, and low conductivity of chrome molybdenum steel require continuous casting or short-time reduction annealing. A ton of chrome-molybdenum steel costs between $200 and $450. Its high chromium content prevents stainless steel from being used for motors or automobile engine cylinders, but its high strength makes it ideal for structural applications. Due to its low carbon content (0.3 percent), stainless steel is suitable for aircraft engines and shipbuilding. As it is manufactured by electrolytic smelting, it has a low chromium melting point of chromium and is relatively expensive. Stainless steel is tough, corrosion-resistant, and has high strength, but its high cost makes it unsuitable for many applications other than automotive and industrial ones.   

Tap Here To Read More About This Article: https://thesteelexporter.com/chromium-molybdenum-steel-and-high-temperature-applications/ 

[jaydeeptubes]

[kultofathena]

KOA Exclusive – Dragon King – Yaksha Katana

Exclusive to Kult of Athena! The Yaksha Katana from Dragon King is a premium katana with a blade of folded T10 and 9260 high carbon steel which was differentially clay tempered in the traditional manner to imbue it with a genuine hamon of hardened steel and a shock absorbing blade body and spine. The tsuba, fuchi and kashira are all highly detailed in well-cast cupronickel with a brilliant silver-like finish and these are matched with a silvered habaki and seppa. The hardwood grip has panels of genuine, quality rayskin which are overlaid in well-knotted dark blue silk ito cord.

The sword is matched with a hand-carved wooden scabbard which is finely lacquered with an iridescent sea-green saya complete with polished horn fittings and a tip of matched silvered cupronickel. A silk sageo of green completes the sword and scabbard and a cloth sword bag is included.

[chhajedpipes-blog]

Cu-Ni 70/30 pipes Exporters in India

Cu-Ni 70/30 pipes, Cu-Ni 70/30 pipes Manufacturers, 70/30 Cupro Nickel Seamless Pipes, 70/30 Copper Nickel Pipes Cu-Ni 70/30 pies & tubes Exporters, Cu-Ni 70/30 pipes Importers, Cu-Ni 70/30 Pipes, Cupro Nickel Alloy 70/30 Seamless & Welded Pipes, 70/30 Cupro Nickel Seamless Pipes, 70/30 Copper Nickel Pipes, Cu-Ni 70/30 Pipe

70/30 Cu-Ni Seamless Pipes,Cu-Ni 70/30 pipes & tubes Manufacturers in Mumbai, Cu-Ni 70/30 pipes Suppliers in Mumbai, Cu-Ni 70/30 pipes Exporters in Mumbai, Cu-Ni 70/30 pipes Importers in Mumbai

Cu-Ni 70/30 pipes Manufacturers in India, Cu-Ni 70/30 pipes Suppliers in India, Cu-Ni 70/30 pipes Exporters in India, Cu-Ni 70/30 pipes Importers in India

Chhajed Steel Limited is well-known manufacturers & exporters of Copper Nickel (Cu-Ni 70 / 30) Pipes and Tubes of high quality. Our raw material is of premium quality. We make sure that our products provide the highest durability. Cupro Nickel UNS C71500 70/30 Pipes are consistent in performance even in marine applications. 70/30 Cupro Nickel has excellent resistance to erosion-corrosion. 70/30 Cupro Nickel is virtually immune from stress-corrosion cracking.

It is not recommended for stagnant or slow moving (under 3.5-4 ft/s or 1 – 1.2 m/s ) water as it is prone to deposit attack. Readily weldable nature and passivity to stress corrosion makes Cu-Ni 70 / 30 a popular choice. Cupronickel is also resistant to crevice corrosion, biofouling, stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement. Some of its applications ae as follows :

sheathing for wooden piles

underwater fencing

silver-plated cutlery

>cabled tubes for hydraulic and pneumatic lines

tubes for light-duty condensers

[james34111]

Beginner's Guide to Copper Nickel Tubes: What You Need to Know

Welcome to our beginner's guide to copper nickel tubes . If you are new to the world of plumbing, HVAC systems, or marine applications, understanding the importance and benefits of copper nickel tube can be invaluable. In this guide, we will walk you through everything you need to know about these versatile components.

What are Copper Nickel Tubes:

Copper nickel tube, also known as cupronickel tubes, are a type of alloy made from copper and nickel, often with additional elements such as iron and manganese. These tubes are renowned for their excellent corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and durability. They are commonly used in various industries, including shipbuilding, offshore oil and gas, power generation, and desalination plants.

Benefits of Copper Nickel Tube:

Superior Corrosion Resistance: One of the most significant advantages of copper nickel tube is their exceptional resistance to corrosion, especially in marine environments where exposure to saltwater can wreak havoc on other materials.

High Thermal Conductivity: Copper nickel tubes boast excellent thermal conductivity, making them ideal for applications where efficient heat transfer is essential, such as in HVAC systems and heat exchangers.

Longevity and Durability: Thanks to their robust construction and resistance to corrosion, copper nickel tube offer long-term durability, reducing the need for frequent replacements and maintenance.

Versatility: Copper nickel tube are versatile components that can be used in a wide range of applications, from freshwater plumbing systems to seawater piping in marine vessels.

Applications of Copper Nickel Tube:

Marine Industry: Copper nickel tubes are extensively used in shipbuilding and offshore structures due to their ability to withstand harsh marine environments without succumbing to corrosion.

HVAC Systems: These tubes are commonly employed in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems for their superior heat transfer properties and resistance to corrosion.

Desalination Plants: In desalination plants, where seawater is converted into freshwater, copper nickel tube plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient heat transfer and durability in the corrosive environment.

Conclusion: In conclusion, copper nickel tubes are indispensable components in various industries, offering unmatched corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and durability. Whether you are working on a plumbing project, HVAC system, or marine vessel, choosing copper nickel tube ensures reliability and longevity for your applications.

[hellogatorbymoni]

Check out this listing I just added to my Poshmark closet: Everjoys 21" Professional Soprano Ukulele Starter kits.