#Dr TC Rao

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Kosli News: विजेता छात्राओ को आर्यभट् रत्न से किया सम्मानित

Kosli News: विजेता छात्राओ को आर्यभट् रत्न से किया सम्मानित

कोसली: शहीद होशियार सिंह राजकीय वरिष्ठ माध्यमिक विद्यालय जाटूसाना में प्रतिभा प्रोत्साहन के लिए कार्यक्रम का आयोजन किया गया। जिसमें जिला स्तरीय कानूनी साक्षरता मिशन प्रतियोगिता (वाद-विवाद प्रतियोगिता) में स्कूल की 12वीं कक्षा की छात्राओं में तनु कुमारी और अंजली कुमारी ने प्रथम स्थान पर प्राप्त किया उन दोनो को ग्रामीण उत्थान – भारत निर्माण संस्था की तरफ से डॉ. टी.सी. राव द्वारा ग्रामीण उत्थान…

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How Privatization is Important?

Economies around the world, without exceptions, have reaped innumerable benefits by opening the doors to privatization. The sloth and scanty method of working by governments impedes innovation, impairs quality of living, and creates suffering not only for industrialists but the low working class as well. Among the essential benefits of privatization are the economic freedom it brings and the social and cultural space. When the state lifts its heavy hand over industries, people are rendered free to think and generate wealth by creating markets. The invisible hand of the market creates competition which automatically fights exploitation by big players. Examples of prosperity through privatization stand out as we see the world now. The trajectory of development and freedom of western nations has been on the back of the free-market legacy. While on the other hand, countries set up in the socialist form of economies lag in all indicators. Free markets have drawn millions of people out of poverty at a shockingly fast pace ever seen in the history of mankind before. Historically and constitutionally, India has toed the line of socialist and welfare form of economy. Incessant governments have resisted the opening of markets to foreign investments. This policy hugely affected the country’s growth and deprived India of emerging as a strong global power. But all this changed as soon as in the ’90s under the leadership of the then Prime Minister Narasimha Rao India took the path of liberalization under the aegis of then Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh. We saw a birth of a new India. Just within a decade of liberalization, India escaped what was called “the Hindu rate of growth.” Annual GDP jumped to 7% rather than hovering around the usual 2-3%. The service sector grew at an average of 8.1% a year through the 1990s. The software industry's revenues grew from paltry $197 million in 10 to $8000 million in 2000. And Indian software Industry’s export value jumped to $ 6,300 million. Indian entrepreneurs helped the market in the country but rose to fame internationally and their incredible business acumen and innovative mind. Software firms like Wipro, TCS, and Infosys were widely respected and listed on New York Stock Exchange. Not only IT, but Indians also proved their metal in textiles, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals, thus standing out as a key player in Global village and being compared to the world's emerging superpowers.

Source URL- https://mamby.com/post/how-privatization-is-important

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JKLU HR Summit 2020 and Dr. UdaiPareek Special Lecture

January 22, 2020:Leading educational institute JK Lakshmipat University, Jaipur (JKLU), in collaboration with the National HRD Network (NHRDN), organized its HR Summit (2020) and Dr. Udai Pareek Special Lecture at the university campus. The function included a keynote address by Mr. P. Dwarakanath, Chairman of GSK Consumer Healthcare, on ‘Developing Competencies for Future Readiness’ and panel discussions of seasoned practitioners on themes including ‘Organization Transformations using Innovations’ and ‘Integrating Happiness with Business Excellence’. The event was held to recognize and honor Late Dr. UdaiPareek, former Professor of IIM Ahmedabad and Founder of the National HRD Network (NHRDN), and fondly referred to as the Father of HRD in India, on his birthday and in his city of birth and was graced by the presence of his family members, including his son, Mr. AnagatPareek, Sr VP at PayTm and daughter, Prof Surabhi Purohit of Rajasthan University, who shared inspiring anecdotes from the life and times of Dr. Udai Pareek. The event celebrated HR innovations, transformations and the future of business excellence and HR practices through employee engagement and happiness and saw the attendance of more than 150 Business Leaders, HR Heads, Strategy Planners, Academicians and Thought Leaders from different parts of India. Several companies and organizations participated in the summit, which included Maruti Suzuki, Hero MotoCorp, JK Organization, HCL Technologies, TCS, Infosys, EXL Services, ZTE Telecom, Ambuja Cement, Apar Industries, Nuberg Engineering, Jaipur Rugs, AavasFinanciers, Mahindra Financial Services, and Samarth Life Management, among others. The event also saw the presence of eminent personalities including Mr. Prem Singh, President NHRDN (Delhi NCR) and President Group HR of JK Organization, Dr. GP Rao and Dr. RS Dabas, past Presidents of NHRDN (Delhi NCR), Dr Ashok Bapna, past President of NHRDN (Jaipur),Dr. Amit Jain, Chairman ISTD (Jaipur) and Pro-Vice-Chancellor of Amity University Jaipur, and was attended by JKLU’s Vice-Chancellor, Dr. RL Raina and Pro Vice-Chancellor, Mr. Asheesh Gupta. Delivering the keynote address, Mr. Dwarakanath said, “In the current generation, where the world is changing rapidly, people are the key assets. It is important that we need to be innovative because what was good yesterday, may not be good today. Leaders should encourage people to think differently, train them, inspire them and develop new skills. Agility and the ability to learn are very critical.” On being asked his view about the threat to jobs owing to technology, Mr. Prem Singh said, “Technology has increased the demand of services and actually increased jobs rather than curtail them. However, people need to keep pace with changing technology and keep updating their knowledge and skills”. JK Lakshmipat University is supported by 125 years of legacy of the JK Organization. It is passionate about building the country’s most innovative higher education institution by helping students perceive learning as a continuous process through experiential learning and innovation and becoming future-ready professionals with 21st-century skills. Read the full article

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Development and Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Polyherbal Formulation in Streptozotocin Induced Animal Model- Juniper Publishers

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of disorders that results in too much sugar in the blood due to impairment of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins metabolism.

Aim and objectives: Development and Evaluation of Polyherbal formulation (PHF) and determination of antidiabetic potential of developed formulation in Streptozotocin induced animal model

Method: In the present study plant parts Azadirechta indica (AI) leaves, Moringa Oleifera (MO) fruits and Andrographis paniculata (AP) root and stem were collected and evaluated as per physico-chemical parameters and active chemical constituents were extracted using hydroalcoholic solvent. The active compounds present in all the three extracts were identified by preliminary phytochemical screening. PHF was prepared in a ratio of 1:1:1 quality of the finished product was evaluated on the parameter’s angle of repose, loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, carr’s index and hausner ratio as per the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guidelines for the quality control of herbal materials. The acute toxicity study of PHF were performed as per OECD guideline 423, rats were orally administered 250, 500, 1000 and 2000mg/kg over 14 days. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at 200 and 400mg/kg body weight. Antidiabetic activity of the PHF (200 and 400mg/kg) was screened against streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats and glibenclamide was used (5.0mg/kg body weight) as standard drug. The investigational drug was administered for 14 days and the effect of the PHF on blood glucose levels was studied at 14th day after interventional period. At the end of the study, the blood samples were collected from all the animals for biochemical estimation.

Result: The plant parts AI leaves, MO fruits, AP stem and leaves were evaluated as per physicochemical parameters and they were found as per API. Preliminary phytochemical screening of hydroalcoholic extracts were revealed that presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, steroids, tannins and phenolic compounds in each extract. PHF were developed by mixing of each extract in the same ratio and evaluated. It was found to be angle of repose (θ) 29.1, loose bulk density 0.48gm/ml, tapped density 0.54gm/ml, carrs index 12.50%, hausner’s ratio 1.13. Diabetes was induced by STZ and treated with PHF did not show any change in behavior and no mortality was observed during interventional period upto the dose level 2000mg/kg. OGTT was performed by oral administration of PHF with dose 200 and 400mg/kg body weight result was found to be gradually decreased in blood glucose level 75.75±1.92mg/dl and 72±2.73mg/dl at 180min from the study it was predicted that PHF possess Anti-hyperglycemic activity. Experimental study was shows that on repeated administration of PHF and glibenclamide for 14 days, a sustained and significant decrease in the average blood glucose level of diabetic rats was observed. End of the interventional period biochemical parameters were studied, and it was found to be level of SGOT and urea level remain constant at dose of 200mg/kg, decrease in SGPT is near to standard and decrease in creatinine level is greater than Std at dose of 400mg/kg.

Conclusion: PHF containing extracts of (Azadirecta indica, Moringa oeifera and Andrographis paniculata) showed significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity which was close to standard drug. Along with remarkable reduction in Total Cholesterol (TC) level and increased in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) STZ induced diabetes rats. The formulation has emerged as potential combination which can challenge the synthetic drug.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Azadirechta indica; Moringa oleifera; Andrographis paniculate; Polyherbal formulation, Glibenclamide

Introduction

Importance of herbal in mankind

Herbal drugs play an important role in the development of potent therapeutic agents. Furthermore, it has proven their potential for the prevention of several ailments. Earlier human beings started their studies on diseases and its treatments, but there was no evidence found that people have prehistoric use of synthetic medicines for their sickness [1]. However, they struggled to make use of the things, which could easily procure. The most common thing was found in their surrounding was plants and animals. Several plants were found suitable as a food supplement; some were poisonous and have medicinal importance [2]. Keeping this information in consideration, herbs were transferred from their origin to generation as folk medicine. So, the herbal medicine was known from ancient times. This is only because of the belief that many herbal medicines are known to be free from side effects. Furthermore, it is fact that the discovery of the new synthetic drug is time consuming & an expensive. In the present scenario, the demand for herbal products is growing exponentially. All over the world pharmaceutical companies are currently conducting extensive research on plant materials for their probable medicinal value [3]. Research needs in the field of herbal medicines are enormous; the identification of active compounds from the plants source is still remaining a challenge. So, there should be research-based confirmation on either whole herbs or extracted compounds are superior. The issue of herb–herb and herb–drug interactions is also an important issue, which requires increased awareness and study, as polypharmacy and polyherbacy are common. The new technologies, such as nanotechnology and novel emulsification methods are used in the formulation of herbal products, which mainly affect bioavailability and the efficacy of herbal components and this also needs study. This can lead to reinvestigation of some agents that failed earlier trials and can be restudied and redesigned using new technologies to determine whether they can be modified for better efficacy and fewer side effects [4]. Today, there is an urgent need to develop safer drugs for the treatment of various disorders. As a result, there is a growing interest in the pharmacological evaluation of various plants used in traditional systems of medicine [5].

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder associated by impairment in the metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and proteins which was recognized by insufficient insulin secretion or mounting resistance to its action [6]. DM develops due to obesity which is also an increasing problem worldwide, Induces atherosclerosis and other metabolic syndromes [6- 9]. According to the requirements of insulin DM was classified into two main categories; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 1), and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (Type 2) [10]. Which were proposed by WHO in 1980 and 1985 changed new classification system were identified four types of diabetes mellitus, Type 1 insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, Type 2 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and Type 3 is Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) as well as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) was classified as Type 4 [11].

Materials and Methods

Drug and chemicals used

Glibenclamide (USV Pharma Ltd. India), Straptozotocin (Lab chemicals, India), one touch glucometer (Johnson & Johnson, India), Ethanol (Qualigens, India) and other chemicals were used of analytical grade.

Collection, identification and authentification of plant materials

In the present study, the fresh leaves of Azadirechta indica, fruits of Moringa oleifera and fresh leaves and roots of Andrographis paniculata were collected in febuary, 2018, from Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. The plants were identified and authenticated by Dr. S. Prakash Rao, Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

Quality assessment/Physiochemical evaluation of plant materials

Each plant parts were crushed and converted into fine powders than quality assessment of plant materials was done as per the standard procedure of Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. Different parameters were tested with the methods describe in API.

a. Foreign organic matter: According to Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India, Foreign matter is described as any material that consist of part of organ or organ part from which the drug is derived. The plant should be free from any foreign particle like dust, insects, faecal matter etc. The percentage of foreign matter should not be more than the limit prescribed in monograph. There should not be any contamination in drug material used for developing the polyherbal formulation (PHF).

b. Procedure: 100-500gm of plant materials were weighed and spread as a thin layer and was inspected first with naked eyes and then with the use of lens (6x). All the foreign matter was

c. Separated, weighed and percentage was calculated.

d. Determination of total ash value: 3gm of dried powered sample was weighed in silica dish and it was incinerated at a temperature not exceeding 450 °C until it gets free from carbon. The incinerated material was cooled, weighed and percentage of ash was calculated with reference to air dried drug.

e. Determination of acid insoluble ash value: Ash obtained was boiled with 25ml of dil. HCL for 5 minutes filtered and insoluble matter was collected in crucible and washed with hot water and ignited till constant weight. The percentage of acid insoluble ash was calculated with respect to air dried drug.

f. Determination of alcohol soluble extractive value: 5gm of powdered drug was macerated with 100 ml of alcohol in cork fitted conical flask. Solution was shaken frequently for 6hrs. and was allowed to stand for 18hrs. After 18hr. content was filtered and 25ml of filtrate was evaporated to dryness in a shallow dish at 105 °C to constant weight and percentage of alcohol soluble extractives was calculated with reference to air dried drug.

g. Determination of water-soluble extractives: 5gm of powdered drug was macerated with 100ml of water in cork fitted conical flask. Solution was shaken frequently for 6hrs and allowed to stand for 18hrs. After 18hr. content was filtered, and 25ml of filtrate was evaporated to dryness in a shallow dish at 105 °C to constant weight and percentage of water soluble extractives was calculated with reference to air dried drug. The data generated in respect of above findings will be used as in-house standards.

Preparation of hydro-alcoholic (HA) extracts

The plant parts were washed, shade dried and powdered. In order to prepare the PHF, about 500gm of Azadirecta Indica (leaves), 500gm of Moringa Oleifera (fruits) and 500gm of Andrographis paniculata (roots and leaves) powders were soaked overnight separately in 1000-1200ml of Petroleum Ether (PE). After 3 days the suspension was filtered and PE was to be evaporated overnight. Again, the dried powders were separately resuspended in a Stoppered container with the HA solvent. Allowed to stand at room temperature for a period of 7days. Additionally, extract was concentrated to dryness in a rotary evaporator (Buchi type) under reduced pressure and controlled temperature (37-40 °C) to get percentage yield.

Preliminary phytochemical screening of HA extracts: Crude extract of plants was subjected to different chemical tests to detect the presence of various phytochemical constituents as per procedure adopted in literature by Madhav and Saha. The details are incorporated below in the following Table 1. Results of the entire chemical test are discussed in Results.

Design and development of PHF

From the extracts of three plants Azadirechta indica (leaves), Moringa Oleifera (fruits) and Andrographis paniculata (roots and leaves), formulation have been made by blending the extracts in ration 1:1:1.

Evaluation of polyherbal formulations

Prepared PHF was evaluated on following parameters:

a. Angle of repose

Angle of repose was determined by using funnel method. The accurately weighed blend was taken in a funnel. The height of the funnel was adjusted in such a way that the tip of the funnel just touches the apex of the heap or head of blend. The drug excipient blend was allowed to flow through the funnel freely on to the surface. The diameter of the powder cone was measured, and angle of repose was calculated using the following equation:

tan θ = h/r

Where, h = height of powder cone formed, r = radius of the powder cone formed

b. Loose bulk density

Apparent bulk density was determined by pouring a weighed quantity of blend into graduated

cylinder and measuring the volume and weight.

LBD = Weight of the powder/volume of the packing

c. Tapped bulk density

It was determined by placing a graduated cylinder, containing a known mass of drug excipient blend. The cylinder was allowed to fall under its own weight on to a hard surface from the height of 10cm at two second intervals. The tapping was continued until no further change in volume was noted.

TBD = Weight of the powder/vol of the tapped packing

d. Compressibility index

The Compressibility index of the blends was determined by Carr’s compressibility index.

Compressibility index (%) = (TBD-LBD) x 100/TBD

e. Hausner ratio

It is the measurement of frictional resistance of drug and ideal range should be 1.2-1.5. It is determined by using the following formula:

Hausner ratio= TBD / LBD

Acute toxicity study of PHF as per OECD guidelines

Preparation of formulations: For dosing 100ml of each formulation was prepared by dissolving 5gm of formulation in 100ml of distilled water (so, 1ml contain 50mg of drug).

Experimental animals: Adult Wistar rats (180±10g) of either sex were obtained from Columbia institute of pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, india. The animals were housed in large, spacious polyacrylic cages at an ambient room temperature with 12h light/12h dark cycle. Rats had free access to water and rodent pellets diet (Hindustan Lever Ltd, Bangalore, India). The study was approved by the Institute Animal Ethics Committee and all the animal experiments were carried out according to the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) guidelines, Regd. No. 1321/ PO/ReBi/S/10/10/CPCSEA.

Acute toxicity study of PHF: Acute toxicity studies were carried out in adult female albino rats weighing between 130- 180gm by Acute Oral Toxicity method of OECD Guideline No 423. They were administered (orally) with varying doses (250, 500, 1000 and 2000mg/kg body weight) for each of six formulations. Animals were divided into 5 groups of three animals each and were acclimatized for 5 days. Prior to dosing animals were kept fasted overnight and next day each formulation were administered orally at a dose level of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000mg/kg body weight. Rats were observed for clinical signs of toxicity continuously for 2 hours and occasionally for further 4hours for general behavioral and finally for any mortality after 24 hours till 14 days. No mortality was observed during a time period of 14 days.

Oral glucose tolerance test of formulation

Selection of dose: Two dose level were chosen in such a way that one dose was approximately one-tenth of the maximum dose used during the acute toxicity studies, second dose was the twice that of one tenth dose (200mg/kg, 400mg/kg b.wt)

Initial Screening of all the PHF for anti-hyperglycemic activity (oral glucose tolerance test): Formulation was screened for anti-hyperglycemic activity to get the information on their efficacy so that the formulation which is not effective could be modified. Formulation was analysed for antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity in normal healthy rats by conducting Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Initial testing was carried out at different dose levels of formulation (200 and 400mg/kg b. wt). Overnight fasted rats were weighed and divided in to five groups with 5 rats in each group for each formulation as given below. After 30 minutes, rats of all groups were loaded orally with glucose 2g/kg b. wt. Blood glucose level was determined by glucometer before and at 30min, 60min, 120min, 150min and 180min after loading with glucose.

Group Design for OGTT study:

Group I – Normal Control treated with vehicle i.e. (2ml/kg) distilled water

Group II- Standard given Glibenclamide (5mg/b. wt)

Group III- treated orally with F-A 200mg/kg b.wt.

Group IV- treated orally with F-A 400mg/kg b.wt.

Antidiabetic activity

Study protocol: Induction of diabetes and experimental study Diabetes was induced in rats by intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozotocin (45mg/kg b. wt) which was dissolved in normal saline. After 72h of STZ administration blood glucose level was measured by one touch glucometer (Johnson & Johnson, India) to confirm diabetes. Blood samples were drawn by picking the rat tail. The diabetic rats with blood glucose levels ≥250mg/dl were selected for the studies. After 72hr. of STZ injection animal with BGL≥250mg/dl were divided into different groups (with 5 animals each) for anti-diabetic study of Formulations. Following groups were prepared:

Group I –Normal control (given distilled water)

Group II-Negative control (treated with STZ 45mg/kg b. wt i.p)

Group III-Standard (Treated with Glibenclamide 5mg/kg b. wt after 3rd day of STZ injection)

Group IV-Treated orally with Formulation A with dose of 200mg/kg b. wt after 3rd day of STZ injection

Group V- Treated orally with Formulation A dose of 400mg/ kg b. wt after 3rd day of STZ injection

Study was conducted for 14 days. Treatment was started from 3rd day. Standard drug and Formulations given daily for 14 days and blood glucose levels were measured with the help of one touch glucometer (Johnson & Johnson, India) on 3rd day (assume as 0hrs.), after 3hrs., 5th day, 10th day and 14th day of experiment. Blood sample was taken by picking the rat tail vein and for the measurement of other biochemical parameters blood sample was withdrawn from retro orbital plexus of rats.

Assessment of Biochemical parameters: At the end of 14th day of experiment, 2-4ml blood sample was withdrawn from retro-orbital plexus of rats and centrifuged at the 5000rpm for 15-20min; serum was separated and taken out with the help of syringe. Serum of rats was used for the analysis of other biochemical parameters through Auto analyser.

Results and Observation

Physiochemical evaluation of plant materials

It was observed that all physicochemical evaluation parameters contain i.e. foreign organic matter, Total ash, Acid insoluble ash, Alcohol extractive and water-soluble extractives of plant drug was found to be within Ayurvedic pharmacopeia limits Table 2.

(NMT-Not more than, NLT –Not less than).

Percentage yield of all the HA plant extracts

The percentage yields of all HA plant extract are given in Table 3.

Preliminary phytochemical screening of HA plant extracts

Results of phytochemical screening are shown in Table 4. It was found that Azadirechta indica, Moringa Oleifera and Andrographis paniculata contain all tested phytochemical compounds.

Design and development of PHF

PHF was made in such a way so that it covers most of targeted sites in body to decrease the blood glucose level for their anti-diabetic action. For formulations quantity of doses used in developing the formulation was calculated on the basis of therapeutic doses reported in literatures.

Evaluation of polyherbal formulations: The various combinations of dried powdered extracts of Azadirechta indica, Moringa Oleifera, Andrographis paniculata were prepared and evaluated on the parameters like angle of repose, loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, carr’s index and hausner ratio. Preformulation study of the granules showed that all the evaluated parameters were within the acceptable limit Table 5.

Acute toxicity study of PHF formulation

STZ induced diabetic rats treated with PHF did not show any discernible change in behaviour up to the dose level of 2000mg/ kg body weight. No sign of mortality was observed during the observation of 14 days Table 6.

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of PHF

At 30min after the administration of 2gm/kg glucose orally, the plasma glucose level is significantly increased and the blood glucose level decreases gradually with the administration of formulations. Results are given in Table 6 and results expressed in Mean±SD in Table 7.

Findings of OGTT study: It was found that PHF with dose of 200mg/kg body weight showed effective decrease in blood glucose i.e. 75.75±1.92mg/dl and dose 400mg showed 72±2.73mg/dl at 180min. From the study it was predicted that PHF possess Anti-hyperglycemic activity.

Antidiabetic activity

Experimental study: Albino wistar rats of either sex (150-180gm body weight) were used for this study; they were acclimatized and given proper diet. The study was approved by the Institute Animal Ethics Committee and all the animal experiments were carried out according to the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) guidelines. Results showed the significantly increase in blood glucose level in STZ treated diabetic rats. Glucose levels measured in blood of normal and experimental rats are given in Table 8. On repeated administration of vehicle, PHF and glibenclamide for 14 days, a sustained and significant decrease in the average blood glucose level of diabetic rats was observed.

Biochemical parameters: Serum TG, Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol were found to be increased significantly (P< 0.0001) in STZ induced diabetic rats (shown in Table 9) as compared to non-diabetic control. HDL cholesterol was found to be significantly decreased in diabetic rats. Treatment with PHF produces a significant reduction in elevated serum TG, TC, LDL-cholesterol level in diabetic rats. In Biochemical Parameters PHF (400mg and 200mg) showed maximum decrease in SGPT, Urea and LDL Cholesterol level i.e. 69.8% near to glibenclamide, 43.36% and 39.6% Table 10.

Discussion

PHF have been developed with combinations of (3 Plants) antidiabetic activity was investigated in albino wistar rats with glibenclamide as standard, STZ was used to induce diabetes in rats. Formulation showed significant decrease in Blood glucose level with improvement in slight loss of body weight, Albino wistar rats were divided into V groups with n=5 and the diabetic rats received the formulation, vehicle and standard drug. Although formulation showed good antidiabetic activity. It showed 65.8% decrease in average blood glucose level which was very closer to standard drug glibenclamide. i.e. 66.2%. Reason for this superior activity of Formulation may be its potential active constituents which could possess better antidiabetic activity and the second main reason may its synergism (herb-herb interactions) which may be more compatible when formulated together and thus produce more effective results. As mentioned in results all the formulations give dose dependent antidiabetic effect in this combination of medicinal plants. It was proved to be fruitful and comparable to standard against glibenclamide. PHF showed good antidiabetic activity with dose of 400mg (i.e. 62.4 %) decrease in blood glucose level. On the basis of best synergistic effect, the lipid content except HDL was found to be increased in STZ diabetic rats. HDL Cholesterol was found to be more increased in combination as compared to individual. All combinations improve the conditions of hypercholesterolemia. PHF showed a greater increase in HDL % level to 57.12 % than those of standard. It has been observed through literatures that plants constituents like glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids all these constituents have proved to be strong antidiabetic agent through different mechanism.

Conclusion and Direction for Future Use

Since Ancient times medicinal plants as single drug and in combination with other herbal drugs are using in the treatment of various chronic and non-chronic disorders. Ayurveda is one of the most traditional systems of medicine which describes the methodology to use the medicinal plants as healing power in treating the disease. Polyherbalism is also the best concept of Ayurveda, which consists of magical power of healing the disease. Ayurveda is one of the reliable and trustworthy medicine systems. In developing countries mostly 75-95% of populations rely on herbal drugs. Deep research and investigation still needed on this magical system of medicines. Research Studies pertaining to safety, toxicological studies, Standardization, clinical trial studies are still required to grow Ayurveda and increasing its wide acceptability. Numbers of commercialized standardized herbal drugs are quiet less in market since we are lacking in developing the regulatory standards implemented protocols. Diabetes mellitus has appearing as dreadful disorder for society. It directly impacts our metabolic system by making it sluggish in catabolic activities. It is mainly characterized by hyperglycaemia resulted from decrease insulin secretion. This dreadful disease can lead to many more complications like blindness, kidney failure and organ dysfunction. Several synthetic drugs are available in market but with long use of these drugs could lead to serious side effect including the kidney failure there is greater risk of using these synthetic drugs for long term. Study of ancient Ayurvedic books like Charak Samhita and Sushastra Samhita revealed that drugs used in Ayurvedic formulations worked synergistically on root cause of disease. Therefore, a quality control drug will be effective in management of diabetes. In view of above 3 plants, based on their reported mode of action PHF was made. PHF was subjected to acute toxicity study and found to be safe up to dose of 2000mg/kg b.wt. After this oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in animal model for preliminary assessment of antidiabetic activity. The antidiabetic activity was studied in albino wistar rats as per standard protocol. The diabetes was induced by use of Streptozotocin (STZ). For the study of antidiabetic activity PHF was given in 2 doses of 200mg/kg b. wt and 400mg/kg b.wt. for 14days.The blood samples of each rat were analysed for various biochemical parameters. The results showed that PHF containing extracts of (Azadirecta indica, Moringa oeifera and Andrographis paniculata) showed significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity which was close to standard drug. Along with remarkable reduction in Total Cholesterol (TC) level and increased in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) STZ induced diabetes rats. The formulation has emerged as potential combination which can challenge the synthetic drug.

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The Evolution of IT Outsourcing in India: Past, Present and Future

Technology has been one of the fastest growing industries at global stage providing lucrative solutions to every other industry, leading to revolutionary results and changing the face of technological growth charts of many countries. The global businesses are changing, and IT outsourcing has been a huge help. Categorized into two- hardware and software development, IT industry has the largest private sector employers in India. From witnessing a hostile economy to conquering over 67% of the global IT outsourcing market, the industry has come a long way.

India is a leading destination for global companies seeking to outsource their non-core activates such as services, businesses, and high-end processes. But, do you think this would have been so easy like it seems today? Were there any challenges faced by our industry or it was just a piece of cake?

The Beginning of an Era: IT Outsourcing in India in 90s

India witnessed the unfurling of IT opportunities and challenges in 1968. Tata Group was the pioneer of nuclear sector and aviation and initiated its IT establishment in Mumbai. But the industry faced crisis with each step forward, as skilled and intellectual IT professionals immigrated to US and other countries for better IT scope and experience. It was a phase when US immigration laws were relaxed, and Indian wages and payments were not at par compared to other nations. There were several reasons that became obstacles in the foundation of IT outsourcing in India such as shortage of trained and skilled manpower, less young employees with good command over the English language, cut-throat competition, and non-existence of social security laws.

The Year 1991 is known as the early of IT sector as the new economic policy was formulated under the supervision of the then Prime Minister of India Shri Narasimha Rao and finance minister Dr. Manmohan Singh. India led its way to globalization as the liberalization policies diluted the socialist authorizations.

Where Does the Indian IT Outsourcing Stand Today Globally?

India is home to some of the finest IT companies of the world including Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), WIPRO, and International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). Presently, the sector holds over 75% global talent and remarks approximately 67% of the total global outsourcing market.

The progress and achievement data of Indian IT outsourcing is huge and commendable. While challenging its core competencies, the sector has attracted many significant investments from the foremost countries worldwide. According to National Association of Software & Service Companies (NASSCOM), India’s contribution in the global outsourcing market rose to 55% from 51% between 2009 to 2010. Leading global companies are not only looking for cost-effective IT solutions but also for capable staffing solutions, and business process excellence.

Future Trends of IT Outsourcing in India- More human-driven processes will be favoured

The late 2000s economic recession gave a big jolt to the IT outsourcing in India. Experts are now expecting more advantage and thriving trends for the coming years. Outsourcing has always been about cost reduction coupled with quick turn-around. However, the coming years will witness lesser focus on reducing costs. Solely price-oriented process will be eliminated. Instead, the relationship will become more human-driven among outsourced software developers and the clients. The industry will bring system integration for their clients. Risk of the projects will be shared equally by both the ends.

The coming years for IT outsourcing will be more driven towards specialization of manpower and skills. Companies will bid services under a single roof to stand out from the crowd. According to the Statista Report from 2017, India and China will become leading outsourcing countries , thus facing cut-throat competition from the top countries of Central and Eastern Europe.

The age of Automation

The global business process of outsourcing market will grasp around $220 billion by 2020 according to a Global Industry Analytics report. Meanwhile, experts are forecasting that automation will become crucial soon as markets are planning to involve bots and virtual agents to streamline their business projects and growth. On the other hand, cloud computing will increase its demand by 2020 and will impact $1 trillion in IT, as predicted by Gartner.

Conclusion

IT outsourcing has come a long way and 2019 has shown a promising future for businesses and software developers. Considering all above mentioned factors, IT outsourcing boom is inevitable encompassing every sector; employment and GDP will be positively affected for the country unless another recession hits the economy.

References: 

IT Outsourcing Evolution

The Evolution of IT Outsourcing in India: Past, Present and Future

Evolution of IT Outsourcing

[bananaipindia]

The Business of Building, Managing and Monetizing Intellectual Property Assets

New Post has been published on https://www.bananaip.com/ip-news-center/the-business-of-building-managing-and-monetizing-intellectual-property-assets/

The Business of Building, Managing and Monetizing Intellectual Property Assets

Today, Intellepedia successfully conducted  its yearly seminar on “Building an Intellectual Property Framework for your Organization”. In line with the tradition, the seminar brought together leading IP experts and senior management of companies to discuss business aspects of intellectual property, and ways to build, manage and commercialise IP assets. This year’s seminar hosted two reputed IP professionals, Dr. Kalyan C. Kankanala, Managing Partner of BananaIP Counsels, and Mr. Ram Sitaraman – Principal Engineer, Heading IPR at Mahindra & Mahindra. Representatives from more than 25 companies took part in the seminar, which witnessed discussions and exchanges pertaining to IP developments from the business perspective.

The seminar started with Dr. Kalyan Kankanala’s session on  the business of intellectual property, which focussed on the value of IP for businesses in India. He started his session by stating that ‘IP is no longer an option for businesses in India, it is a necessity.’ He then went on to  discuss some important IP concepts and their evolution under the Indian law. With the help of statistics, he elucidated the    progress and value of IP in India, and spoke about why every company is in the IP game whether they like it or not. Dr. Kalyan then went on to talk about basics of IP strategy and the value of IP mining in discovering, excavating, protecting and commercialising intellectual property. He ended his session by talking about exclusive, open and public domain models and their integration into IP strategy. Dr. Kalyan’s colleague Ashwini Arun assisted him with statistics during the presentation.

Following Dr. Kalyan’s presentation, Mr. Ram Sitaraman spoke about strategies for integration of intellectual property into a company’s business. From creating and discovering to protecting and monetising IP in a company, Mr. Ram  provided insights into frameworks that might be used by businesses to ain value. He also provided insights into processes, systems and mechanisms that may be implemented in companies for various activities from incentivising inventors to valuing IP assets. Based on his experience with companies like GE, Infosys, TCS and Mahindra, he provided  very useful pointers about what companies must bear in mind to  use IP for business success. Mr Ram’s talk was filled with very interesting  examples, cases and models.

After the event, the primary organiser, Mr. Sanjeeth Hegde said, “The seminar went as planned and I am happy to note the increasing interest of companies in building IP frameworks to gain commercial value from their IP assets. Bangalore has been recognised as one of the innovation hot spots of the world by WIPO, and we hope to play our role in furthering that image through our events. If all goes as per plan, we hope to organise another event in February, 2020.” Mr. Sanjeeth was assisted by Mr.  Venkatesh Rao from BananaIP Counsels.

  For more information about Intellepedia’s upcoming Intellectual Property Seminars, visit www.bananaip.com/intellepedia

[python121-blog]

Urological Health - 7 Tips to Maintain It!

The urinary system in both men and women are susceptible to infections and many other internal disorders. Although many of the disorders may be caused due to underlying diseases or hereditary causes, many others may be caused due to bad life style habits as well as personal hygiene issues. Personal hygiene issues will not only lead to infections, but if left unchanged, may cause more serious problems such as tumors overtime. However, with the help of some basic tips and following some daily routine, you can ensure good urological health overtime.

Words By: Dr. Srinivas Rao is a popular Urologist in TC Palya Road, Bangalore. He has over 22 years of experience as a Urologist. He has done MBBS, MS - General Surgery, MCh - Urology . You can consult Dr. Srinivas Rao at Aaxis Kidney & Prostate Centre in TC Palya Road, Bangalore. Don’t wait in a queue, book an instant appointment online with Dr. Srinivas Rao on Lybrate.

Some of these are mentioned below:

Drink plenty of water daily: This is applicable to both men and women and it is important, especially in a country like India where hot and humid conditions prevail for most of the time. A common figure quoted most of the time is 2 to 3 liters of water daily although this is quite arbitrary and may change from person to person and climate to climate. What is important is that you should remain hydrated and calculate an ideal amount of water consumption. This is necessary to stop stone formation in the kidney, ureter, urinary bladder and other areas of the genitourinary system.

Cleaning tips for men: It is important to ensure proper hygiene for good penile health. Uncircumcised males should retract their foreskin while taking a bath and clean out the smegma or white accumulations from around the glans. This will reduce the chances of inflammations and urinary tract infections from occurring. Circumcised males should thoroughly wash the penis as well to keep it clean.

Regular ejaculation: Men are advised to ejaculate regularly either through masturbation or through sexual stimulation as it is beneficial in many ways. Ejaculation helps clear the tracts, exercises the prostate and also keeps the pattern of proper blood flow to the penis active. It maintains urological health as well as you sexual health. Don’t hold your urine for too long: Although this is especially applicable for women, it can be bad for men too. Holding the urine within your body for too long may result in an infection and may also make your bladder muscles weaker. Women, especially should be careful as they have a shorter urethra leading from the bladder and thus are more prone to getting urinary tract infections in this manner.

Avoid harsh soaps and use milder ones to regularly cleanse the groin area: The groin is one of the moistest areas, as it remains covered up most of the time. This makes it an ideal breeding ground for bacteria. It is important that you clean this area every day thoroughly with mild soap. Also, after urination, women should wipe front to back i.e. from the opening of the vagina towards the anus while wiping down after urinating or cleaning. This is to ensure that fecal bacteria don’t get into the vagina as it can cause a host of infections.

Tips for sexual intercourse: It is important for both men and women to urinate, wash and clean after sexual intercourse as this can help clean the bacteria that may have come from one partner’s genitals into the other. Women should especially follow this advice as it can help keep many infections at bay.

Changes in certain foods: Reduce caffeine intake through tea or coffee as it can irritate your bladder. It can also act as a diuretic which makes you urinate frequently. Also reduce salt intake as it can increase blood pressure and end up damaging the kidney to the point of permanent kidney damage or kidney failure.

This is necessary to stop stone formation in the urinary bladder, kidney, ureter and other areas of the genitourinary system.

[enggatnrtec-blog]

NEC’s Stature Growing Consistently in the Computer Science Background

Established in 1998, Narasaraopeta Engineering College (NEC) embodies the motto of providing a world-class educational structure with a vision of creating a path towards excellence. Spread across in a beautiful 40-acre of land, NEC's campus is located in a town called Narasaraopeta 50 km away from Guntur city. The college has received the approval by AICTE - New Delhi, the highest sanctioning authority of Government of India. It also has a permanent affiliation with JNTUK and is twice accredited by NBA, an autonomous body of AICTE. These recognitions have been backed up by the academic performances of students of NEC in recent years, especially in the field of Computer Science. NEC is now regarded as one of the top engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh for Computer Science and Engineering (CSE).

The department of CSE, like the institution, came into existence in 1998 with an intake of 40 students. The rapid pace of development within the department allowed the institution to increase the intake to 240 students by 2012. The department’s overall success in the recent past has been massively supplemented by its present-day infrastructure. The CSE branch is equipped with Hi-Tech computer labs that can accommodate all the students at once. The computers in these labs are powered with latest processors, high-speed internet, and authentic software.

The functioning of the department is exceptionally structured with a highly diverse and experienced faculty. The students are constantly exposed to latest technologies and innovations that are revolutionizing the technological landscape globally. Narasaraopeta Engineering College believes that practical exposure is the key to success in science. Hence, the students are being provided with the hands-on experience in NEC's laboratories through innovative projects from the industry. The department also organises research establishments, workshops, seminars, etc. on regular basis. This exposure helps students to come up with out of the box ideas, which can later turn into innovations.

The department’s technological and educational expertise is also augmented by the department library. This library’s huge collection books, journals, thesis, CDs, DVDs, etc. are available to all the students. John C Maxwell once said that “A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way and shows the way.” It totally applies to the HoD of CSE department, Dr S N Tirumala Rao. His guidance has always been instrumental for all the students. With 13 years of experience in teaching and 8 years in the industry, his value-centred leadership is aligned with the objectives of NEC.

The CSE department of NEC aims at improving the academic proficiency of students by setting up a systematic, honest, and consistent evaluation system. Campus placements are the prime focus for the institution. In recent years, top Multi-National companies (MNCs) like TCS and Tech Mahindra have recruited many candidates from Narasaraopeta Engineering college. The institution has ample amount of opportunities in store for candidates, who are willing to pursue Computer Science Engineering in the coming years.

[rajputbalsing]

#Cybersecurity #Conference by #Pune #Police #wefightcc **Making our future digitally safe ** on SAT 11 Nov 2017 at Mahatma Phule Sanskrutik Bhavan, Fatima Nagar, Wanowrie Pune. Commissioner of Police, Pune city @ Mrs. Rashmi Shukla , IPS, inaugurated the conference. @Mr Ravindra Kadam, IPS, Joint commissioner of Police, Pune city, @Mr. Pradip Deshpande, IPS, Additional Commissioner of Police, Pune city and Mr Sudhir Hiremath, Deputy Commissioner of Police, Cyber Crime and Economic Offences were present. I gave my input on “ Crime in Cyberspace: Landscape and legal Boundaries “ Other Co speakers for the event were: @Mr Ravi Gupta, Head of Trust and Safty, Google, @I L Narsasimha rao, Project Manager, CDAC Pune, @Mrs Riddhi Adhlakha, Head Digital marketing, TCS, @Mrs Subi Chaturvedi, Head of Public Affairs, COAI, @Mr Rushikesh Humbe, MD career Corner, @Dr Bhoosan Shukla, Child Psychologist, @Mrs Nirali Bhatia, Cyber Psychologist, @Mr Rizwan Shaikh, Ethical hacker

[drtangellasivaprasadreddy]

Emailed:Fwd: 26/7/17- Chairman & Members Fee Regulatory Committee, Telangana-No Action On Fee..?! Another Academic Year 2017..!?.No inf on Parent-Management Committees? Had paid 1st Term as there is no inf?. Bag Weight.. appreciated hope it would be implemented without..?! School Timings as promised by Min Mr KTR-no inf..?!. 14/7/2017-still no information on fee regulation-we have to pay 1st Term now? Are you serious or another of..?!.Demand action in that regard..Not aware of Parent-Management Committees? How are they appointed & who.is responsible for that?.Min KTR Gaaru promised action last academic year on school timings & heavy baggage(recorded in media etc)-any move in that regard or just another..?!. Expect humane considerations in both these issues for an immediate action along with fee..6/7/2017-Fee Regulation?.We have to pay 1st Term Now..! "Timings & Heavy Baggage Issues as promised by Hon'ble Mr KTR-What action on that?. "another brazen act of abnormal fee hike by Vignan School-Nizampet & when questioned -TC's..?!". What is T Govt & Education Dept's action?. Unabated blackmailing actions by many..?!. Demand for immediate action.. 9/5/2017-another academic year? Fwd: Chairman Gaaru what happened to these proceedings by committee headed by Mr.Kishan Rao-himself on Fees Regulation etc...First make it public & also take cognizance of it lest this would be another such @ the cost of exploitation of innocent Student-Parent community..!?.Telangana School Director Proceedings 12/6/2015-what happened?- Dr T Siva Prasad Reddy-Parent, Sr Jrnlst & Pres-TRRPS,9440465339.

[rajputbalsing]

#Cybersecurity #Conference by #Pune #Police #wefightcc **Making our future digitally safe ** on SAT 11 Nov 2017 at Mahatma Phule Sanskrutik Bhavan, Fatima Nagar, Wanowrie Pune. Commissioner of Police, Pune city @ Mrs. Rashmi Shukla , IPS, inaugurated the conference. @Mr Ravindra Kadam, IPS, Joint commissioner of Police, Pune city, @Mr. Pradip Deshpande, IPS, Additional Commissioner of Police, Pune city and Mr Sudhir Hiremath, Deputy Commissioner of Police, Cyber Crime and Economic Offences were present. I gave my input on “ Crime in Cyberspace: Landscape and legal Boundaries “ Other Co speakers for the event were: @Mr Ravi Gupta, Head of Trust and Safty, Google, @I L Narsasimha rao, Project Manager, CDAC Pune, @Mrs Riddhi Adhlakha, Head Digital marketing, TCS, @Mrs Subi Chaturvedi, Head of Public Affairs, COAI, @Mr Rushikesh Humbe, MD career Corner, @Dr Bhoosan Shukla, Child Psychologist, @Mrs Nirali Bhatia, Cyber Psychologist, @Mr Rizwan Shaikh, Ethical hacker

[drtangellasivaprasadreddy]

14/6/2017-"another brazen act of abnormal fee hike by Vignan School-Nizampet & when questioned -TC's..?!". What is T Govt & Education Dept's action?. Unabated blackmailing actions by many..?!. Demand for immediate action.. 9/5/2017-another academic year? Fwd: Chairman Gaaru what happened to these proceedings by committee headed by Mr.Kishan Rao-himself on Fees Regulation etc...First make it public & also take cognizance of it lest this would be another such @ the cost of exploitation of innocent Student-Parent community..!?. Telangana School Director Proceedings Dt 12/ 6 /2015 Chairman,Convenor & others of "New Committee on School Fee etc-Telangana": "No Information on Committee Report/Schools Fleecing Fees etc..?!. Hon'ble Minister-Mr KTR's promise on school timings(& weighty bags too)-"no information..?!" Demand for immediate action in that regard without further delay lest another academic year would..!?-Dr Tangella Siva Prasad Reddy,Parent & Sr Jrnlst,9440465339.