#Econ Market Research

[corpus-incorporated]

current frame of mind is i think of everything in stock market terms now. i don’t know jack shit about economics i dont invest in anything but i will be talking about how my stocks are doing all the fucking time. not stocks i own but stocks that are me, the value of the stocks of me the company. which is REALLY funny considering my url here. it’s not just me too if something or someone does well at anything i go OHHHHH X STOCKS ARE SKYROCKETING and if something goes poorly it’s like OHHHHH THE STOCKS ARE PLUMMETING FILE FOR BANKRUPTCY. this is the new it’s jover and we’re so back. this isn’t something that’s gonna catch on though it’ll probably just be this micro joke amongst my friends for a while lol

[centrally-unplanned]

I played some Victoria 2 today (a Japan campaign ofc, and admittedly with the Historical Flavor Mod), to sort of reflect on it in relation to Vicky 3. It is rough going back to the economy of Vicky 2 after playing 3, let me tell you - you knew intellectually it was "bad" system before, but you loved it anyway because of the full package. But now you can see the alternatives and remove the quotations, it is just bad! Building an ammunition factory that requires sulfur, having domestic RGO sources for sulfur but they are not producing enough to supply even one factory, and just not being able to do anything about it that isn't drastic or long-term because the world market is feeling fucky today is unacceptable once you have played a game where that isn't true. My industrialization strat should not waffle between "build a railroad for a 5% bump in output" and "invade Indonesia", give me a middle ground here guys! And it does not stop there - capitalists are useless, "build factory on RGO and expand forever" is optimal 99% of the time, key technologies will like double your output making them forced decisions, etc.

And, if you are can't build factories because you aren't civlizied yet...you have no econ game at all. You just do virtually nothing. Now that you see how that isn't required, the mechanics are ruthlessly bad in key ways.

But! But but but! I think Vicky 2 is a still a better game. The funny thing about that "I don't have enough sulfur" thing is that I didn't even care. I built the factory "for the future", subsidized it, it outputted zero bullets, and I barely notice because you make so much money anyway you can generally ignore it. I build the factories primarily so I can have clerks staffing them and generating research points! Is that insane game design? Yeah, it is! But it is insane game design that doesn't get in the way. Nothing stops me from building a factory, it just isn't very good. Wanna build a huge military? Encourage some soldiers with your national focuses and go to town. Want to declare war on someone? You can just do that! And then I take the army I built, click it on enemy, and it fights them - revolutionary new approaches to game design folks.

Even politics, where Vicky 2 definitely does get in the way a lot and is actively not-good, it is at least more permissive and more importantly simple. If you have elections you get events to shift voter ideology, and national focuses to boost party support that work exactly the way you would expect. If you are autocratic you can just swap who is in power! Liberals support political reforms, socialists support economic reforms, if you have a majority support for a law click a button and it passes. Done. Putting socialists in power in 1870 Japan might result in a revolution, sure, but it works, you can try it, and try to beat the militant tide.

Meanwhile in Vicky 3 if you are autocratic putting a "minority" faction in power literally breaks your government and prevents you from passing any laws. You can technically do it but you just die immediately. Wanna build a coalition then, where conservatives & agrarians ally together? You technically can again, but the penalty for "non-compatible" coalition partners is so high it 90% of the time crashes you into 0 anyway. So you have the "option" of switching parties, but...you can't. You just have to appoint the landowners every time or you die. So what is the point? Why have the option? Let me play the game!! Let me try reforming things and face a revolution I have 40% odds of losing to! That sounds fun, why are you rigging the game against that?

I tried an Iran run in Vicky 3 earlier, and I had a revolution against the landlords, who had ~50% of the "faction" points in government. I won, and so their points got knocked down to ~0%, how that works. So I made a new government, right? Well, no! Every faction left was "incompatible" with each other and none of them alone could even muster like 30%. I had literally no government capable of passing laws. So I fucking quit the game? Because this was the product of winning a revolution, why would I continue?

In Vicky 2 fascists win a revolution and they coup the government and it's fascist now. You get the fascist laws and can pass reforms they like. There ya go. Done. Is it interesting? No, not really. But it works! It doesn't literally stop you from playing the game.

My Japan game actually started as Satsuma, since in HPM Tokugawa Japan is split into substate Daimyo. I modernized via encouraging intellectuals, took military & railroad reforms, built a modern land army, and built up relations with the other domains. I launched the Meiji Restoration, got 60% of the Daimyo on my side, won the civil war. Began building factories everywhere, built up my industry, built up my research output. Used the new tech & money to build a larger army, fought the Qing in a tough war but got Korea & Taiwan, allied with the UK & built up a steamer industry to get a modern navy. Then Russia got into a crisis with Greece and so the UK and I backed Greece and broke Russia, with me claiming some territories around Manchuria in the process. Later I invaded China proper to annex Manchuria itself and get some treaty ports, easily now because my military was much more advanced. From all that my infamy was high so I coasted into the endgame and pivoted to culture techs to trigger "decisions" around modernizing Japan that gave me bonuses while having nice historical flavor to them.

And generally the game just didn't get in my way on doing all that. I could "tell the story", which for an easy game like Vicky is normally what you are here to do. Vicky 3 is a much better economy simulator, but telling the story beyond that is such a chore, and often impossible. On politics, diplomacy, and especially military, it is philosophically a step backwards such that its more "developed" mechanics cannot compensate for the mistake.

(I think it is funny how much better a gameplay experience the "narrative via decisions" of Vicky 2 w/ HPM is. They give flavor to the nations with a ton of bespoke, scripted events. Which...just works because they are straightforward. Vicky 3 wants to be "emergent" and so limited such events, but missed the forest for the trees there)

I find this sad because honestly there is a "blended" version of these two games that is amazing. Vicky 3's econ system (with tweaks ofc like making trade valuable) and philosophical commitment to minimal military micro (SO finicky in Vicky 2 to replenish armies where individual brigades die off, ugh), with a system that understood storytelling is first. Let players do things, and then give them consequences that are manageable in response. Get out of the way of the stories your sandbox game is built to tell.

[worldmediathewhowhatwhen]

AMERICAN MAGAZINE page12 Spring Edition

It’s almost spring, the time of year when many people start feeling the itch to get away — and have something to look forward to.

Maybe you’re thinking of a trip to Mexico, a long weekend in Las Vegas or a sunny Caribbean cruise. Or you’re open to wherever there are good deals, as long as it helps you make up for the traveling you missed during the pandemic.

While 84% of U.S. consumers are planning to take at least one overnight vacation this year — roughly the same percentage as last year — 56% of travelers plan to spend more money doing it, according to a December survey commissioned by market researcher Mintel.

In fact, separate research from a unit of Fidelity National Financial found Americans are planning to nearly double their travel budget this year — to an average of over $10,000.

It’s only been one week, but with all that’s happened since then, it feels like it’s been one month. In the past week, the S&P 500 is down 3.0%, the Nasdaq is down 4.1%, and the Russell 2000 is down 4.4%. All three indices are in the red year-to-date, and as of market close on March 4th, they had erased their post-election gains.

There’s been no shortage of daily news driving these big moves, and the news feed isn’t likely to slow down anytime soon.

Measures of market volatility are elevated, with the VIX index — which measures stock market volatility — at its highest reading since the December Fed meeting, and the Move Index — which measures Treasury market volatility — at its highest reading since the U.S. presidential election.

The average investor who watches the S&P 500 as their indicator of market sentiment has had their emotions flung back and forth on a daily basis. In fact, recent days have seen intraday swings in the S&P similar to what occurred for much of 2022 when the S&P was down 19.4%.

Wholesale coffee prices have surged amid droughts in Brazil and Vietnam, which together grow over half the world’s coffee beans. The increases pose big implications for the entire supply chain, including coffee drinkers that have already seen significant price hikes, Teixeira told the host of a recent Reuters Econ World podcast. For instance, prices for arabica — used in most ground roasted coffee — have nearly doubled in 14 months, reaching all-time highs last month.

[econlabor]

Website: https://www.econlabor.com/

Address: Suffern, NY 10901, United States

Labor Econ is a U.S.-based public policy consulting firm led by labor economist Dr. Oren Levin-Waldman. The consultancy specializes in labor market analysis, demographic profiling, wage policy, workforce analysis, and income inequality research. Services include labor market studies, wage distribution modeling, unemployment rate analysis, and customized reports for public officials, nonprofits, and businesses. Leveraging labor market statistics and advanced data techniques, Labor Econ supports evidence-based policymaking and economic consulting at the national, state, and local levels, with a focus on wages, inequality, and public policy outcomes.

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Keywords: labor economist labor market analysis labor market research labor employment economic consulting firm demographics of employees​ Labor market trends wage policy income inequality analysis Unemployment rate analysis labor market studies labor market study Labor market statistics Workforce analysis income inequality and minimum wage minimum wage and income inequality labor market wages and income inequality wages and income inequality labor market information labor market economics demographic profiling Public policy consulting public policy consulting firms public policy consultant labor market insights public policy consultancy​ public policy consultants​ how to conduct a labor market analysis labor employment economic consulting firm

[business-market-insight]

North America Frozen Food Market Trends, Size, Segment and Growth by Forecast to 2030

At 5.5% CAGR, the North America Frozen Food Market is projected to be worth US$ 1,01.54 Billion by 2028, says Business Market Insights

According to Business Market Insights’ research, the North America frozen food market was valued at US$ 73.43 billion in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 101.54 billion by 2028, registering an annual growth rate of 5.5% from 2022 to 2028. Rising consumption of convenience food and rising popularity of E-commerce are the critical factors attributed to the market expansion. 𝗗𝗼𝘄𝗻𝗹𝗼𝗮𝗱 𝗣𝗗𝗙 𝗚𝘂𝗶𝗱𝗲@https://www.businessmarketinsights.com/sample/BMIRE00026287

In recent years, there has been a massive transformation in the organized retail sector. The emergence of e-commerce has resulted in considerable changes in the way people shop and spend their money. The increasing penetration of smartphones and the internet, easy access to emerging technologies, rising purchasing power, and convenience provided by online retail platforms of shopping from anywhere at any time are among the key factors bolstering e-commerce.

People are increasingly preferring online retail platforms for purchasing frozen foods. According to American Frozen Food Institute, online sales of frozen food products increased by 75% in 2020. The online sales of food and beverages rose significantly during the pandemic due to the shutdown of brick-and-mortar stores and the imposition of social restrictions by governments. As people’s movement was constrained by lockdowns and they were compelled to work from their homes, there was a substantial shift to online shopping. Moreover, heavy discounts, wide availability of different brands under one roof, and home delivery options have been other notable factors driving consumers’ focus toward online shopping. With the rising penetration of e-commerce across different geographies, the manufacturers of frozen foods such as Kellogg's Company, Conagra Brandsare also enlarging their online presence by selling their products through well-known e-commerce platforms such as Amazon.com, Lidl, and Walmart. This factor contributes to the growth of the frozen food market by eliminating the dependency on offline retail stores.

North America Frozen Food Strategic Insights

Strategic insights for the North America Frozen Food provides data-driven analysis of the industry landscape, including current trends, key players, and regional nuances. These insights offer actionable recommendations, enabling readers to differentiate themselves from competitors by identifying untapped segments or developing unique value propositions. Leveraging data analytics, these insights help industry players anticipate the market shifts, whether investors, manufacturers, or other stakeholders. A future-oriented perspective is essential, helping stakeholders anticipate market shifts and position themselves for long-term success in this dynamic region. Ultimately, effective strategic insights empower readers to make informed decisions that drive profitability and achieve their business objectives within the market.

North America Frozen Food Report Scope

Attribute

Details

Market Size (2022)

US$ 73.45 Billion

Market Size (2028)

US$ 101.54 Billion

CAGR (2022–2028)

5.5%

Historical Data

2020–2021

Forecast Period

2023–2028

Segments (By Type)

Frozen Desserts, Bakery, Meat, Poultry, Seafood, Ready Meals, Snacks

Segments (By Channel)

Supermarkets/Hypermarkets, Convenience Stores, Online Retail

Regions Covered

North America (US, Canada, Mexico)

Key Companies

Nestlé, Conagra, Tyson Foods, General Mills, McCain, Kellogg’s, and others

North America Frozen Food Regional Insights

The geographic scope of the North America Frozen Food refers to the specific areas in which a business operates and competes. Understanding local distinctions, such as diverse consumer preferences (e.g., demand for specific plug types or battery backup durations), varying economic conditions, and regulatory environments, is crucial for tailoring strategies to specific markets. Businesses can expand their reach by identifying underserved areas or adapting their offerings to meet local demands. A clear market focus allows for more effective resource allocation, targeted marketing campaigns, and better positioning against local competitors, ultimately driving growth in those targeted areas.

North America Frozen Food Market Segmentation

The North America frozen food market is segmented on the basis of type, distribution channel, and country. Based on type, the market is segmented into frozen desserts; frozen bakery; frozen meat, poultry, and seafood; frozen ready meals; frozen snacks and appetizers; and others. The meat, poultry, and seafood segment is expected to hold the largest market share during the forecast period. Based on distribution, the North America frozen food market is segmented into supermarkets and hypermarkets, convenience stores, online retail, and others. The online retail segment is projected to register the highest CAGR in the market due convenience associated with online buying and product delivery options. Based on country, the North America frozen food market is segmented into the US, Canada, and Mexico. The US held the largest market share in 2022. Bellisio Foods, Inc.; Bonduelle Group; Conagra Brands, Inc.; General Mills; Kellogg’s Company; McCain Foods Limited; Nestle S.A.; Pepperidge Farm Incorporated; The Kraft Heinz Company; and Tyson Foods, Inc. are among the leading companies in the frozen food market in North America. Can you see this our reports – North America Skin Care Products Market – https://postyourarticle.com/north-america-skin-care-products-market-trends-size-segment-and-growth-by-forecast-to-2030-2/ Europe Pet Supplements Market – https://businessmarketins02.blogspot.com/2025/04/europe-pet-supplements-market-trends_28.html North America Colorectal Cancer Diagnostics Market – https://sites.google.com/view/businessmarketinsight-09/home Europe Branded Generics Market – https://www.openpr.com/news/3964404/europe-branded-generics-market-trends-size-segment-and-growth North America Animal Health Market – https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7322847985770348544?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAAFnAfesBPBegb3I50Jdly9_3GfM-XJp-Z-4 About Us: Business Market Insights is a market research platform that provides subscription service for industry and company reports. Our research team has extensive professional expertise in domains such as Electronics & Semiconductor; Aerospace & Défense; Automotive & Transportation; Energy & Power; Healthcare; Manufacturing & Construction; Food & Beverages; Chemicals & Materials; and Technology, Media, & Telecommunications Author’s Bio Akshay Senior Market Research Expert at Business Market Insights

[nursingwriter]

Health Plan Principles Cowen, T. Goodwin, (n.d.) Public Goods and Externalities. The Library of Economics And Liberty. Retrieved from: e:/wcom teaching@butte econ externalities definition (cee).doc N., et al. (2007). Externalities. Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved from e:/wcom teaching@butte econecon 04 microexternalities!encyc of earth.doc The higher evolving costs for medical care have been debated for decades. The problem seems to be focused on costs fo research, care, prevention, etc. As a dollar for dollar per capita expenditure. Economists tell us that these are opportunity costs. For instance, opportunity costs of devoting resources to a use is the loss of the benefits the resources placed toward that use could have product if they had been used to their best opportunity. This problem leads us to the conundrum of how to allocate health care funding. Do we place more on research and development so there are solutions to the major health problems, or do we try to find ways of disease prevention through educational and other health related programs. It is almost a utilitarian argument, but one which has not been settled -- what is the greatest good for the most people, and how does society provide for that? Part B -- The economic positives and negatives of a different look at healthcare vary. Healthcare is seen alternatively as an externality when actions affect others and as a market commodity. The positives revolve around the nature of healthcare as a commodity -- people need it, use it, want it, and the demand becomes greater the use and technological improvements become. Incentives are designed to limit costs and improve service, but are sometimes over-regulated to the point in which the efficiency quotient declines. Part C- There are predictable changes involved in healthcare economics based on the demographics of the aging population. As more people require healthcare, the burden of that cost must be spread somewhere. Unpredictable market threats like recalled drugs or side-effects often change the supply/demand curve as well. Sometimes, the economic benefits of technology in terms of supply and demand change because of the redefinition of treatment for a particular illness or diagnosis. Consumers must then quickly adapt to changes in the market -- costs, insurance premiums, lack of insurance, trade-offs in health care, and may thus skew the supply/demand curve by only using health care for emergency situations rather than to plan and prevent future illness. Part D -- Both articles show us that reform is crucial to fixing the American health care system. Right now, it is buried under insurance monopolies, supply side dynamics and government institutions that fail to regulate, or compensate, for promised care. Using a model of externalities, the healthcare system should, in fact, result in a system in which pricing was not a motive for care, and would not require the consumer to hold the burden of propping up the system. Part E -- Marginal means the margins of the existing state of the health care market; what cost or benefit that might change if the allocation of resources were to change. If one good or service, for instance, was changed then it would affect other units or services. The way that marginality focuses on health care benefits, for instance, is looking at the costs of preventative care vs. chronic or emergency care. At the onset, preventative care programs may seem to be more costly, and result in more initial fiscal investment. This is because those costs are incremental, while the costs for chronic or emergency care are not regular, nor are they separated from other costs incurred for the general population. When using economic analysis, it is necessary to weigh the overall benefits of fiscal investment based on a given time period over a larger population. For example, if an Educational Program that focused on nutrition and combatting obesity cost the government $1 million in a fiscal year, and then analysis of that year was done on the costs of diabetes, heart-issues, respiratory issues, etc., one would hope that more than $1 million was saved based on the intervention. REFERENCES Cowen, T. Goodwin, (n.d.) Public Goods and Externalities. The Library of Economics And Liberty. Retrieved from: e:/wcom teaching@butte econ externalities definition (cee).doc https://www.paperdue.com/customer/paper/health-plan-principles-cowen-t-87072#:~:text=Logout-,HealthPlanPrinciplesCowenT,-Length2pages N., et al. (2007). Externalities. Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved from e:/wcom teaching@butte econecon 04 microexternalities!encyc of earth.doc Read the full article

[tariffs-tradewar]

From “Liberation Day” to Chaos: Trump Pauses Most Tariffs While Escalating Trade War with China

421,916 views Apr 11, 2025 Latest ShowsSupport our work: https://democracynow.org/donate/sm-de...

President Trump has announced a 90-day pause on new tariffs for most countries and a steep increase to tariffs on China. The 125% tariff rate on China comes after China retaliated in an escalating trade war between the two largest economies in the world. For most other countries, a 10% tariff remains in place, but higher tariffs were paused just hours after they went into effect, causing global stock markets to shoot back up after a historic plunge. We speak with two economists, Nancy Qian and Joseph Stiglitz, about the “chaos” of the week since Trump’s initial unveiling of his tariff plan on April 2, which he termed “Liberation Day.” There is “no economic theory behind what he is doing,” says Stiglitz. He calls Trump a “schoolyard bully” who is upending international markets based on a flawed understanding of the role of trade deficits and the feasibility of reintroducing manufacturing to the U.S. economy. “We’ve just never seen anything like this before,” says Qian, who adds that China appears to be digging in for the long, drawn-out trade war that Trump has now ignited. Transcript: https://www.democracynow.org/2025/4/1...

Transcript

0:00global stock markets surged on Wednesday

0:02after President Trump announced a 90-day

0:04pause on sweeping new tariffs for most

0:06countries while at the same time

0:08escalating the US trade war with China

0:11trump raised tariffs on China to 125%

0:14after China increased tariffs on US

0:16goods to 84% following the Trump

0:18administration's initial tariff

0:20increases china has also taken other

0:23retaliatory actions including new

0:25restrictions on rare earth exports to

0:27the US as for most of the rest of the

0:30world a 10% tariff remains in place but

0:32the more sweeping tariffs were paused

0:34just hours after going into effect

0:36global stock markets had been tumbling

0:38ever since Trump announced the new

0:40tariffs on April 2nd on what he called

0:42Liberation Day the Trump

0:45administration's given conflicting

0:47accounts as to why Trump reversed course

0:50treasury Secretary Scott Bessant said it

0:53was Trump's quote strategy all along but

0:57Trump himself openly admitted he was

0:59concerned about the unraveling of the US

1:01bond market bond market is very tricky i

1:04was watching it but if you look at it

1:06now it's uh it's beautiful the bond

1:09market right now is beautiful uh but

1:12yeah I saw last night where people were

1:14getting a little queasy i think

1:17everything had uh well the big move

1:20wasn't what I did today the big move was

1:22what I did on Liberation Day on

1:25Wednesday the S&P 500 soared 9.5% and

1:29the Nasdaq jumped over 12% after Trump

1:32made his announcements about the tariff

1:33pause in a post on Truth Social just

1:36before 1:30 p.m earlier in the day Trump

1:39wrote quote "This is a great time to buy

1:42DJT."

1:43Democratic Senator an Adam Schiff is now

1:46calling on Congress to determine whether

1:47the Trump administration engaged in

1:49insider trading or market manipulation

1:52bloomberg is reporting the world's

1:54richest people added 304 billion dollars

1:56to their combined net worth on Wednesday

1:59the largest one-day gain in the history

2:01of the Bloomberg Billionaires Index

2:03we're joined now by two guests from Rome

2:06Italy nancy Chen is with us she's a

2:09professor of economics at Northwestern

2:11University co-director of Northwestern

2:14University's Global Poverty Research Lab

2:17founding director of the China Econ Lab

2:20her latest piece for Project Syndicate

2:22is headlined "Americans can't win from

2:25Trump's trade war." Joseph Stiglets is

2:28with us in studio here in New York nobel

2:30Prize winning economist Columbia

2:32University professor former chair of the

2:35Council of Economic Advisors professor

2:37Stiglets is also currently the chief

2:39economist of the Roosevelt Institute his

2:42latest book The Road to Freedom

2:44Economics and the Good Society we

2:46welcome you both to Democracy Now uh

2:48Professor Stiglets let's begin with you

2:50just overall respond to this roller

2:55coaster and if anyone has any doubt that

2:58global outcry matters and protests

3:00around the globe make a difference like

3:02what happened this weekend well just

3:04take a look at what happened yesterday

3:07can you talk about uh Professor

3:09Stiglet's your response

3:12there's been total chaos and one of the

3:16things that we know uh is that chaos is

3:21bad for the market um but there's been

3:24already uh lasting damage you know for

3:28the last 80 years we were trying to

3:30create a world where a borderless mar uh

3:34world at least borders matter less all

3:38of the sudden borders matter more and

3:42it's not only borders with those you

3:45don't like it's borders with our best

3:47friends in Canada so this is a new world

3:51where every country has to a ask a

3:54question that we never asked before

3:57what is the extent of our national

3:58economic sovereignty

4:00what will happen if some crazy person in

4:04another country in the United States for

4:06instance would suddenly raise

4:08tariffs 20% 10% 20% 50% 100% uh so there

4:15is no

4:17reliability in our relationships whether

4:20with friend or not so friend

4:23uh what is also clear is that Trump has

4:28no economic theory behind what he's

4:30doing and I think that's most disturbing

4:33both to me as an economist and to those

4:36who are on the other side of

4:37negotiations i've talked to some of

4:39these people and they say you know we

4:41don't know how to negotiate because the

4:43other side is not a normal a normal

4:46negoti negotiator you know normally the

4:48other side knows what they want uh

4:51there's a theory about how trade works

4:54uh that's not true here it's it's uh a

4:59different world so let me give you an

5:00example

5:02um Trump thinks that trade deficits by

5:07themselves and in particular trade

5:09deficits and goods reflect somebody

5:13treating us unfairly and it's based sort

5:16of on a premise that we are better than

5:19any other country so people should be

5:21buying more goods from us than we are

5:22buying from them it's absurd the

5:26magnitude of the multilateral trade

5:28deficit is just determined by the

5:31disparity between aggregate savings on

5:33the one hand and national savings and

5:36aggregate national demand uh investment

5:38on the other and if savings goes down

5:43then we'll have a bigger deficit now his

5:46proposal to have uh a big tax cut

5:51unfunded is effectively a lowering of

5:54national savings and that's going to

5:55make the multilateral national trade

5:57deficit larger then you look at the

6:00microeconomics i just want to make sure

6:02he makes a big difference between goods

6:04and

6:05services but we are in the 21st century

6:09not where we were in 1950

6:12services are the major part of our

6:15economy goods production manufacturing

6:17is 9 10% what are important service

6:22sector

6:23tourism education health what is he

6:27doing to those sectors look what he's

6:30done in the last few weeks he's

6:32devastated our education system

6:35the way

6:37his border immigration people have

6:41treated those wanting to come into our

6:44country with valid passport visas

6:48uh has discouraged tourism so he is

6:52hellbent at hurting America's major

6:56export industry tourism and education so

7:01he's making things just that much more

7:03worse in at the micro level and at the

7:06macro level so before I bring in uh

7:09Professor Nancy Chan uh I wanted to ask

7:11you you just said um earlier that chaos

7:13is bad for the market indisputable but

7:17how do you explain people are absolutely

7:19perplexed we had that in the

7:20introduction as well how is it that just

7:22as Trump declared a pause on these

7:24tariffs the market soared and not just

7:28soared I mean for the biggest daily gain

7:30since 2008 the uh S&P what explains that

7:35remember that the market had gone down

7:37enormously almost into bare territory in

7:40the two preceding days uh there is a lot

7:44of irrational exuberance at times in the

7:47market i my judgment is that they've

7:51made a mistake and the reason I think

7:53there's a mistake is the importance of

7:58trade with China in many ways is much

8:02larger than trade with

8:05Europe that we depend enormously for uh

8:12goods coming from China you know we buy

8:16cars from Europe if we don't have the

8:19European

8:20cars you know we suffer a little bit but

8:23it's not a big deal if we don't have the

8:26ingredients that go into so many of our

8:29goods or if those ingredients go up

8:33twice in price that's a big disturbance

8:36mhm so I'm anticipating that there will

8:40be actually a very big disturbance from

8:44these enormous unprecedented let me

8:47emphasize

8:48unprecedented tariffs against China and

8:52China's retaliation including their

8:56restrictions on exports of minerals

8:59rarers that we need for our production

9:02mhm so uh Professor Nancy Chan if we

9:05could get you to respond to uh the scale

9:08of these tariffs and what you think the

9:11impact on the Chinese economy and also

9:13the US economy will be on these 125%

9:17that the US has imposed on China and 84%

9:19that China's imposed on the US

9:24like Professor Siglett said these tariff

9:27rates are unprecedented they are so high

9:30it's really difficult for us to

9:32calibrate exactly what the cost will be

9:33on everyone except that we know it's

9:35going to be enormous you know already

9:38we're seeing contracts that are being

9:40cancelled between Chinese suppliers and

9:42American importers business

9:44relationships that took decades to build

9:48are now being paused because these

9:50tariffs are so high that no one can be

9:54profitable can stay in business and

9:56continue to import and you know the

10:00thing about tariff rates is if you

10:02increase it a little bit then maybe

10:04people can take the hit by the by by

10:07people I mean you know the firms the

10:09exporters and the importers but if you

10:11increase it a lot and they can't meet

10:13their bottom line then they just have to

10:16stop and we've just never seen anything

10:19like this before and what does it mean

10:22for the US if we can't get parts from

10:25China and also what does it mean for

10:27China if they have to shut factories

10:31factories that are supporting families

10:33you know and children that were relying

10:36on these export jobs so I think the cost

10:39for both economies is going to be

10:42colossal we'll see a little bit of it in

10:44the short run and if this continues

10:47we're just going to see it exponentiate

10:49over time let me ask you Professor Chen

10:52um about the Treasury Secretary

10:54Bessant's comments when he said you know

10:56this was all planned the question is of

10:59course was uh insider trading planned

11:01trump boasted yesterday the greatest

11:04increase in the stock market that the

11:06country it had ever seen and of course

11:08the question is um how these

11:11billionaires and perhaps I can't say

11:14this i know this I don't know this uh

11:16that Trump himself benefited yesterday

11:18as it rose buying early uh but Bessant's

11:22comment um you might even say Trump goed

11:25China and they showed themselves to be

11:28the bad actor that they

11:33are your comment Professor

11:38Chen i think we just lost Professor Chen

11:41in Rome Italy so we'll put that question

11:44to Professor Stiglets well uh I don't

11:48think they anticipated uh this kind of

11:51response uh the kind of language they

11:55used was a a schoolyard bully uh it was

12:01they didn't show us respect and of

12:03course China's view was US broke

12:06international economic law uh we have an

12:09international framework that the WTO

12:13that is supposed to determine how

12:16countries uh uh determine trade policy

12:20and we just threw that whole agreement

12:23that we played a key role in writing we

12:26threw it in the dustpan uh uh so uh the

12:31argument that oh he didn't show me

12:33respect is the kind of language you hear

12:36from from bullies uh I don't think we

12:40expected them to act uh so

12:43respondently i was in China uh about two

12:46weeks ago and it was very clear that

12:49they were ready for another uh round

12:53because they had seen how erratic Trump

12:57was and there is a fundamental asymmetry

13:00that I think uh Trump and his team

13:03doesn't fully grasp uh the asymmetry uh

13:07is that uh China will experience a

13:11deficiency in aggregate demand as they

13:13lose their exports you can shift that

13:16demand to producing

13:19domestically and they've been trying to

13:21do that for a number of years this is

13:23going to move much harder to shift

13:26supply so we are in a tighter bind I

13:30think than China so Professor Chen is

13:33back with us um Professor Chen that

13:36comment of the Treasury Secretary um

13:38that um this was all planned and that

13:40Trump successfully managed to go China

13:43so that they would show themselves to be

13:45the bad actors that they are and Vance's

13:48comment the day before referring to the

13:50Chinese peasants

13:54i it's really hard to believe that all

13:57of this was planned as a strategy to get

14:00to China uh you know for a bunch of

14:03different reasons one is you know the

14:06unique adversarial relationship between

14:08China and the US is well known and it's

14:11been going on since the first trade war

14:13so there's really no new information to

14:15be learned the second is that the

14:18Chinese and the US had actually been

14:21negotiating and the Chinese had shown

14:23themselves to be really willing to

14:25negotiate and really not desiring a

14:27trade war so you see that for example in

14:30the negotiations over the Tik Tok deal

14:33so under the Biden administration it was

14:36uh Tik Tok was asked to divorce itself

14:38from its Chinese owners Bite Dance at

14:40the time the Chinese government said no

14:42way we'll never let by dance sell Tik

14:45Tok to Americans but then under the

14:47Trump administration what we saw was

14:50that you know the negotiations proceeded

14:52quite rapidly and 2 days before it

14:56became official that's when the US hiked

14:59up tariffs on China to another 34% so

15:02that just doesn't feel like a well

15:04planned strategy another way to ask it

15:07is to say well what has the US

15:10government achieved now that it couldn't

15:13have achieved without raising tariffs

15:16for the entire world right what did it

15:18achieve by increasing tariffs for uh

15:22islands with only penguins on it what

15:24was the point of that did that tell

15:26anyone anything about American strength

15:30or about uh China and the answer has to

15:33be no there's that cartoon going around

15:35first they came for the cats then they

15:37came for the penguins they're mean uh I

15:41wanted to ask about the the broader

15:43implications of what it would mean for a

15:46massive uh cut in trade between uh the

15:49US and China uh the World Trade

15:51Organization said Wednesday that this

15:53escalating tariff war could cut trade

15:55and goods between the two countries by

15:5780% and trade between uh China and the

16:00US accounts for 3% of global trade all

16:03global trade so what would that mean

16:04what are the fallout effects of that on

16:07other countries uh much smaller

16:09economies um and professor Stiglets this

16:12point that you made about um having

16:15broken the US having broken uh

16:17international economic law Bernie

16:18Sanders issued a statement yesterday

16:20saying that what he's done is actually

16:22unconstitutional that Trump does not

16:24have the authority to make you impose

16:26the tariffs that he has so if you could

16:28comment on on both those things so let

16:30me begin by first emphasizing there's

16:33going to be a big economic effect on the

16:36United States

16:38because the time it takes to bring

16:40manufacturing back in the United States

16:43even if he were successful uh is not 3

16:47months uh not even a year two

16:51years i've talked to firms that have

16:54thought about bringing manufacturing

16:56back to the United States they say we

16:57don't have the logistics we don't have

16:59the supply uh uh uh chains that you need

17:03to bring complex manufacturing back and

17:07modern

17:08manufacturing is robotic so even if we

17:12brought manufacturing back there aren't

17:15going to be many jobs so the reality is

17:18that his picture of bringing back us

17:22back to the

17:241950s that's never never going to happen

17:28but what's going to happen in the

17:29meanwhile we're not going to be able to

17:31get those goods that Americans want we

17:35saw what happened when the supply chains

17:37got interrupted after the pandemic and

17:40after the Russian invasion of Ukraine uh

17:43prices soared uh some goods more than

17:46others and that's the world we're going

17:48to be back in uh that's going to affect

17:52of course not only the United States but

17:54every other country if the Fed acts like

17:56it normally does when prices go up it

17:59raises interest rates we're going to go

18:01back into station that's Trump's ear i

18:03mean you've got the trade whisperer um

18:06uh Peter Navaro um right who was uh you

18:10know top uh economic trade guy in the

18:14first administration then went to prison

18:16is now out and continually cites the uh

18:20economist Ron Vero for why it's

18:22important to trade uh to uh impose

18:26tariffs and it turns out that Ron Vera

18:28is just an anagram of Navaro he doesn't

18:32even exist you can't make this stuff up

18:35and now of course uh Donald Trump would

18:38call reporters for years as John Baron

18:40so it's very similar uh also a fictional

18:43person in fact it was Donald Trump um so

18:47who is advising him and what about the

18:50fact that people like Elon Musk joined

18:52with the broligarchy of the other

18:55billionaires against what he was doing

18:57attacked Navaro non-stop calling him a

18:59and a sack of bricks but said that

19:02was an insult to bricks well I mean

19:05you're there is no one that he seems to

19:08be listening to uh in many ways uh Trump

19:14is giving protectionism a bad name uh

19:17there is an argument that you can say

19:20that carefully

19:23constructed policies can help build

19:26particular industries so UAW President

19:29Sean Feain makes that argument yeah in

19:31particular industries it has to be

19:32crafted more important for developing

19:35countries than developed we we don't

19:37need that as much as a poor developing

19:39country but sometimes you can use

19:42carefully crafted trade policies to do

19:45that but

19:47his broad-based policies his going after

19:50Canada his going after the penguins

19:54makes absolutely no sense and what he's

19:59bringing back is the concern that we've

20:02had that uh political economists have

20:05had for a very long time it could be a

20:07source of corruption when you negotiate

20:10in a non-transparent way what happens is

20:15bribes get paid you you say "Take off my

20:19tariff and I'll give you money money

20:22either directly to you or to your

20:25campaign coffers." So we are going back

20:28into a non-transparent world

20:32where for instance the billionaire tech

20:35bros can help shape global tech policy

20:39in international trade to the detriment

20:42of the entire world he's already done

20:44that he's made a big deal about the EU

20:48changing its laws that try to create

20:51competition in the tech sphere to try to

20:55make sure that

20:57there's AI safety and and uh social

21:01media safety content moderation he's

21:05attacked these fundamental laws and all

21:08this is going to be going on secret and

21:10with a lot of uh dirty stuff and just

21:14boast like he did the the other night um

21:17I've got all these countries kissing my

21:19uh I won't say it but it rhymes with

21:21grass narina okay um and just before we

21:24conclude uh Professor Chan if you could

21:26give us an idea what is happening in

21:28China what are you hearing about how uh

21:31industries there are preparing for

21:33what's to come

21:37so China uh the voices in China are

21:40surprisingly calm you know the

21:42government's trying to strike a balance

21:45between preparing the people for

21:47economic pains to come and getting

21:49people into a mindset of solidarity you

21:52know they're blaming obviously they're

21:54blaming this entire these tariff hikes

21:57on the Trump administration and the US

21:59government and people find that

22:01convincing in this case at the same time

22:04they're also trying to not stir up too

22:07much nationalism so they've been really

22:09careful to actually censor how high the

22:12tariff hikes have been by the US they've

22:15been careful and you know my reading of

22:18what's going on is that they're creating

22:21space so that they can get out of this

22:23right so that there's a face- saving way

22:25to negotiate and get out of this trade

22:28war if an opportunity presents itself

22:31and you know in the meantime of course

22:33the central bankers the industries

22:36everyone is lining themselves up for um

22:39a deep and long trade war

[technostat]

Waste to Energy Market Size, Research Report, Dynamics, and Growth Drivers Details

The global Waste to Energy (WTE) market is witnessing robust growth as municipalities worldwide seek sustainable solutions to address mounting waste management challenges. The convergence of urbanization, environmental regulations, and renewable energy targets is propelling the market toward significant expansion.

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Key growth factors include increasing municipal solid waste generation in developing economies, stringent environmental regulations regarding landfill disposal, and growing energy demand from industrial sectors. The market is particularly benefiting from government initiatives promoting renewable energy adoption and circular economy principles.

Current market trends reveal a strong shift toward advanced thermal treatment technologies, particularly gasification and plasma arc treatment, which offer improved efficiency and reduced emissions compared to traditional incineration. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence and IoT solutions for process optimization is emerging as a significant trend.

Market Segmentation:

By Technology

Thermochemical

Biochemical

By Waste Type

Municipal Solid Waste

Process Waste

Agricultural Waste

Others

By Application

Electricity

Heat

The European market continues to lead global WTE adoption, with countries like Denmark, Sweden, and Germany setting benchmarks for successful implementation. However, rapid growth is expected in Asia-Pacific regions, where countries like China and India are actively developing WTE infrastructure to address urban waste management challenges.

Private-public partnerships are increasingly becoming the preferred model for WTE project development, helping to overcome the high initial capital requirements while ensuring operational efficiency. This trend is expected to accelerate market growth in emerging economies.

Notably, the industry is witnessing increased investment in bioenergy technologies, particularly anaerobic digestion, which offers a more sustainable solution for organic waste treatment while producing renewable natural gas.

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[memesnotwelcome]

What a story to appear on a heavy retail shopping day

...What’s going on here? Why would Walmart have such a broadly negative effect on income and wealth? The theory is complex, and goes like this: When Walmart comes to town, it uses its low prices to undercut competitors and become the dominant player in a given area, forcing local mom-and-pop grocers and regional chains to slash their costs or go out of business altogether. As a result, the local farmers, bakers, and manufacturers that once sold their goods to those now-vanished retailers are gradually replaced by Walmart’s array of national and international suppliers. (By some estimates, the company has historically sourced 60 to 80 percent of its goods from China alone.) As a result, Wiltshire finds, five years after Walmart enters a given county, total employment falls by about 3 percent, with most of the decline concentrated in “goods-producing establishments.” Once Walmart has become the major employer in town, it ends up with what economists call “monopsony power” over workers. Just as monopoly describes a company that can afford to charge exorbitant prices because it lacks any real competition, monopsony describes a company that can afford to pay low wages because workers have so few alternatives. This helps explain why Walmart has consistently paid lower wages than its competitors, such as Target and Costco, as well as regional grocers such as Safeway. “So much about Walmart contradicts the perfectly competitive market model we teach in Econ 101,” Wiltshire told me. “It’s hard to think of a clearer example of an employer using its power over workers to suppress wages.”

The whole article is worth reading fyi.

[allupdatesofmarket]

Unlocking Opportunities in the Hydrostatic Testing Pumps Market: Expert Insights on Growth & Trends for 2025-2033

Hydrostatic Testing Pumps Market Research Report

Market Strides has recently added a new report to its vast depository titled Global Hydrostatic Testing Pumps Market. The report studies vital factors about the Global Hydrostatic Testing Pumps Market that are essential to be understood by existing as well as new market players. The report highlights the essential elements such as market share, profitability, production, sales, manufacturing, advertising, technological advancements, key market players, regional segmentation, and many more crucial aspects related to the Hydrostatic Testing Pumps Market.

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Hydrostatic Testing Pumps Market Share by Key Players

Cat Pumps

Reed Manufacturing

Graco

Curtiss-Wright Industrial (EST)

Haskel

McFarland Pumps

Hydratron

Wheeler-Rex

RICE Hydro

Oatey (Cherne Econ-O)

LARZEP

Richard Dudgeon

Tritan Pumps

Hydrostatic Testing Pumps Market Segmentation

The report on Global Hydrostatic Testing Pumps Market provides detailed toc by type, applications, and regions. Each segment provides information about the production and manufacturing during the forecast period of 2025-2033 . The application segment highlights the applications and operational processes of the industry. Understanding these segments will help identify the importance of the various factors aiding to the market growth.

The report is segmented as follows:

By Type

Air Driven Hydrostatic Test Pumps

Electric Driven Hydrostatic Test Pumps

Manual Hydrostatic Test Pumps

By Application

Oilfield Industry

Industrial

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[tuesday8econlive]

Supply and Demand (Anteatery!)

Hello! For my Econ Live Project, I decided to analyze the impacts of supply and demand in the anteatery. Through interviewing various students and conducting market research, I was able to understand how supply and demand affect the Anteatery! :)

Pranay Macherla

Student ID: 58662154

Discussion Time: Tuesday 8:00PM

[monday4econlive]

Economic Principles Related to Coke

As one of the most common drinks in life, Coke is very popular among people, and our group chose Coke as the theme for our econ live! We found out a lot of interesting economic facts about Coke.

First up, some thoughts on Coke and oligopoly from Zijing Zhu and Annie Yu.

While studying monopolies and oligopolies in class, Zijing and Annie ended up arguing over which is better: Coca-Cola or Pepsi. It's pretty funny, but it seems like everyone has their own preference, right? This debate actually sparked an idea for our project: we're going to explore the oligopoly that these two major beverage companies have created within the everyday beverage industry.

Many of the beverages you buy in life, besides Coca-Cola and Pepsi. In fact, many brands belong to these two companies as well, and for this reason I went to Walmart to do some research. Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta, Minute Maid, and Dasani are owned by The Coca-Cola Company, and PepsiCo Company owns the iconic Pepsi-Cola beverages, Mountain Dew beverages, Gatorade Sports Drinks, Lays Potato Chips, and Doritos Tortilla Chips.

An oligopoly is a market structure characterized by a small number of dominant firms. Unlike perfect competition, where numerous companies compete for a fraction of the market share, an oligopoly consists of a few large firms that have significant control over price and supply.

Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are major players in an oligopolistic market. This means that strategic planning and market maneuvers are crucial, as each company's actions can significantly impact the other's market share and profitability.

Coke and Pepsi have no cooperation because they are in a competitive relationship. To some extent, they are very similar to perfect competition. Coke and Pepsi only have one competitor, so they are very familiar with each other's prices and costs, contributing to enough information for the competition. The consumers are also aware of the two companies’ products and prices, adding information on the consumer side. If one company gets an advantage in production or marketing against the other company, they would profit from the competition. Therefore, the open information market situation of coke like drinks helps forming the competition between the two companies. An elastic demand occurs when the quantity demanded changes significantly in response to a change in price, whereas an inelastic demand occurs when the quantity demanded changes only slightly in response to a change in price. Coke is not like the water needed in daily life. If the price of water suddenly becomes very high, people will still want to spend money to get it because we need to drink water every day. However, coke-like drinks are not demand inelastic like water. If a coke company raises the price very high, no one will buy it. People can choose not to drink coke and substitute to drink juice or other soda. Even if Coke and Pepsi collude like other cartels in oligopolies, they do not gain huge profit due to the very elastic demand of coke-like drinks. Therefore, there is no or less incentives for Coke and Pepsi to collude. Moreover, coke-like drink is an inferior good when compared to other competitors in the drinks market. Both Coke and Pepsi have been accused of being unhealthy, which is why they are developing and producing newer and better goods – variations of coke-like drinks. An inferior good is a type of good for which demand decreases as consumer income increases. As people’s incomes increase, they transition into a healthier lifestyle and are willing to spend more money for the drinks they consume. This aspect of coke-like drinks also prevents Coke and Pepsi to collude because the raise of prices means a loss of target consumer group and a loss of competitive advantage with other choices of drinks.

Marginal Cost in Oligopoly

Coca-Cola production incurs several costs, including raw materials (sugar, flavors), packaging, labor, and manufacturing expenses. Marginal costs may decrease initially due to economies of scale, where average costs fall as production expands. However, beyond a certain point, marginal costs may start to increase if the firm faces capacity constraints or diminishing returns to scale.

Pricing strategy

Coca-Cola and PepsiCo use a differentiated pricing strategy. This means that they set different prices according to the needs of different markets and the purchasing power of consumers. For example, in developed countries, Coca-Cola's price is relatively high because people there are more affluent, while in developing countries, Coca-Cola's price is relatively low to attract more consumers. This fits with our class topic Demand and Supply. The demand-supply curve is different in different markets because the intersection of demand and supply is different. So in order to maximize profits, pricing is different in each country. Considering their oligopoly position in the industry, their pricing will also largely influence the pricing of other brands.

Disadvantages of Oligopoly

1. reduces consumer choice.

2. Cartel behavior reduces competition and may lead to higher prices and reduced output.

3. due to lack of competition, oligopolists may manipulate consumer decisions at will.

4. other firms may not be able to enter the market due to deliberate barriers to entry.

Advantages of oligopoly

1. oligopolies may adopt highly competitive strategies, in which case they can produce with more competitive market structure. This will result in lower prices for consumers.

2.Oligopolies may be more efficient in innovation and in the development of new products and processes. They generate excess profits that can be used for innovation.

3. Price stabilization may bring benefits to consumers and the macroeconomy.

The likes of Coca-Cola and Pepsi have not had a price increase since I was a kid and have always been the cheapest selling beverages in the supermarket as far as I can remember. They also continue to introduce new flavors or healthier zero-sugar versions of their drinks.

Next we present Sihan with some of his insights on Coke and Price elasticity.

If numerous substitutes or copycat alternatives are readily available, an uptick in the price of a specific product will lead to a significant decline in the market demand for that product, as consumers opt to purchase the substitutes instead. 

For instance, when the price of Coca-Cola rises, there's typically a significant decrease in the quantity demanded, as many consumers opt for readily available alternatives like Pepsi Cola or Fanta. This shift impacts the slope of the market demand curve.

Graphically, the market demand curve for Coca-Cola appears relatively flat.

When the price of a Coca-Cola rises from $1 to $2 per can, the market demand decreases from 100,000 cans to only 50,000 cans, moving from point B to A along the curve. This decrease represents a halving of demand.

 This indicates that market demand is highly responsive or sensitive to changes in price, suggesting that the demand curve is relatively elastic.

Finally, Gino from our group explored the supply and demand of Coke and discovered some interesting economic principles!

Demand Shifts in Coca-Cola's Market

The first graph represents two demand curves for Coca-Cola, D1, and D2, with D2 being to the right of D1, indicating an increase in demand. Several factors could account for this rightward shift; a rise in consumer income (assuming Coca-Cola is a normal good), an increase in the population of consumers, a change in consumer tastes and preferences in favor of Coca-Cola, or a rise in the price of substitute goods, such as Pepsi. Conversely, the curve also shows a potential leftward shift from D1 to D3, signaling a decrease in demand. This could be due to factors like a drop in consumer income, a decrease in population, a change in tastes and preferences away from soda consumption, or a decrease in the price of substitutes.

These shifts in demand demonstrate the law of demand, which states that there is an inverse relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded. As the demand curve shifts, it affects the equilibrium price and quantity in the market.

Supply Dynamics in Coca-Cola's Production

The second graph illustrates shifts in the supply curve of Coca-Cola from S1 to S2, and then potentially to S3. The movement from S1 to S2 is an outward or rightward shift, indicating an increase in supply. This can occur due to advancements in technology that improve production efficiency, a decrease in the cost of raw materials, or an increase in the number of suppliers in the market. The curve S3, to the left of S1, represents a decrease in supply, which might be caused by factors such as an increase in the cost of raw materials, natural disasters affecting production facilities, or government regulations.

The supply curve illustrates the law of supply, stating that there is a direct relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied, assuming other factors remain constant. Supply shifts lead to changes in the market equilibrium and have implications for Coca-Cola's pricing strategy.

Market Equilibrium and Elasticity

The intersection of the supply and demand curves determines the market equilibrium. The steepness or flatness of these curves is indicative of elasticity. If Coca-Cola's demand is price elastic, consumers are very responsive to price changes. However, if demand is price inelastic, as might be suggested by strong brand loyalty, consumers are less responsive to price changes. The same applies to supply elasticity; if Coca-Cola's supply is elastic, the company can easily adjust production in response to price changes.

Group members:

Zijing Zhu(#27149994)

Annie Yu(#35241664)

Sihan Chen(#25207808)

Gino Gu(#52086792)

A huge shoutout to our panelists for rocking it with their awesome commitment!