The More Accurate Headline Reads:
120 Retired Generals and Admirals Pledge Allegiance to a Failed Russian Asset and Swear Their Loyalty to Their One True Orange God.
Signed by:
RADM Ernest B. Acklin, USCG, ret.
MG Joseph T. Anderson, USMC, ret.
RADM Philip Anselmo, USN, ret.
MG Joseph Arbuckle, USA, ret.
BG John Arick, USMC, ret.
RADM Jon W. Bayless, Jr. USN, ret.
RDML James Best, USN, ret.
BG Charles Bishop, USAF, ret.
BG William A. Bloomer, USMC, ret.
BG Donald Bolduc, USA, ret.
LTG William G. Boykin, USA, ret.
MG Edward R. Bracken, USAF, ret.
MG Patrick H. Brady, MOH, USA, ret.
VADM Edward S. Briggs, USN, ret.
LTG Richard “Tex’ Brown III USAF, ret.
BG Frank Bruno, USAF, ret.
VADM Toney M. Bucchi, USN, ret.
RADM John T. Byrd, USN, ret.
BG Jimmy Cash, USAF, ret.
LTG Dennis D. Cavin, USA, ret.
LTG James E. Chambers, USAF, ret.
MG Carroll D. Childers, USA, ret.
BG Clifton C. “Tip” Clark, USAF, ret.
VADM Ed Clexton, USN, ret.
MG Jay Closner, USAF, ret
MG Tommy F. Crawford, USAF, ret.
MG Robert E. Dempsey, USAF, ret.
BG Phillip Drew, USAF, ret.
MG Neil L. Eddins, USAF, ret.
RADM Ernest Elliot, USN, ret.
BG Jerome V. Foust, USA, ret.
BG Jimmy E. Fowler, USA, ret.
RADM J. Cameron Fraser, USN, ret.
MG John T. Furlow, USA, ret.
MG Timothy F. Ghormley, USMC, ret.
MG Francis C. Gideon, USAF, ret.
MG Lee V. Greer, USAF, ret.
RDML Michael R. Groothousen, Sr., USN, ret.
BG John Grueser, USAF, ret.
MG Ken Hagemann, USAF, ret.
BG Norman Ham, USAF, ret.
VADM William Hancock, USN, ret.
LTG Henry J. Hatch, USA, ret.
BG James M. Hesson, USA, ret.
MG Bill Hobgood, USA, ret.
BG Stanislaus J. Hoey, USA, ret.
MG Bob Hollingsworth, USMC, ret.
MG Jerry D. Holmes, USAF, ret.
MG Clinton V. Horn, USAF, ret.
LTG Joseph E. Hurd, USAF, ret.
VADM Paul Ilg, USN, ret.
MG T. Irby, USA, ret.
LTG Ronald Iverson, USAF, ret.
RADM (L) Grady L. Jackson
MG William K. James, USAF, ret.
LTG James H. Johnson, Jr. USA, ret.
ADM. Jerome L. Johnson, USN, ret.
BG Charles Jones, USAF, ret.
BG Robert R. Jordan, USA, ret.
BG Jack H. Kotter, USA, ret.
MG Anthony R. Kropp, USA, ret.
RADM Chuck Kubic, USN, ret.
BG Jerry L. Laws, USA, ret.
BG Douglas E. Lee, USA, ret.
MG Vernon B. Lewis, USA, ret.
MG Thomas G. Lightner, USA, ret.
MG James E. Livingston, USMC, ret. MOH
MG John D. Logeman, USAF, ret.
MG Jarvis Lynch, USMC, ret.
LTG Fred McCorkle, USMC, ret.
MG Don McGregor, USAF, ret.
LTG Thomas McInerney, USAF, ret.
RADM John H. McKinley, USN, ret.
BG Michael P. McRaney, USAF, ret.
BG Ronald S. Mangum, USA, ret.
BG James M. Mead, USMC, ret.
BG Joe Mensching, USAF, ret.
RADM W. F. Merlin, USCG, ret.
RADM (L) Mark Milliken, USN, ret.
MG John F. Miller, USAF, ret.
RADM Ralph M. Mitchell, Jr. USN, ret.
MG Paul Mock, USA. ret.
BG Daniel I. Montgomery, USA, ret.,
RADM John A. Moriarty, USN, ret.,
RADM David R. Morris, USN, ret.
RADM Bill Newman, USN, ret.
BG Joe Oder, USA, ret.
MG O’Mara, USAF, ret.
MG Joe S. Owens, USA, ret.
VADM Jimmy Pappas, USN, ret.
LTG Garry L. Parks, USMC, ret.
RADM Russ Penniman, RADM, USN, ret.
RADM Leonard F. Picotte, ret.
VADM John Poindexter, USN, ret.
RADM Ronald Polant, USCG, ret.
MG Greg Power, USAF, ret.
RDM Brian Prindle, USN, ret.
RADM J.J. Quinn, USN, ret.
LTG Clifford H. Rees, Jr. USAF, ret.
RADM Norman T. Saunders, USCG, ret.
MG Richard V. Secord, USAF, ret.
RADM William R. Schmidt, USN, ret.
LTG Hubert Smith, USA, ret.
MG James N. Stewart, USAF, ret.
RADM Thomas Stone, USN., ret.
BG Joseph S. Stringham, USA, ret.
MG Michael Sullivan, USMC, ret.
RADM (U) Jeremy Taylor, USN, ret.
LTG David Teal, USAF, ret.
VADM Howard B. Thorsen, USCG, ret.
RADM Robert P. Tiernan, USN, ret.
LTG Garry Trexler, USAF, ret.
BG James T. Turlington, M.D., USAF, ret.
BG Richard J. Valente, USA ret.
MG Paul Vallely, USA, ret.
MG Russell L. Violett, USAF, ret.
BG George H. Walker, Jr. USAR Corp of Engineers, ret.
MG Kenneth Weir, USMCR, ret.
BG William O. Welch, USAF, ret.
MG John M. White, USAF, ret.
MG Geoffrey P. Wiedeman, JR. USAF, ret.
MG Richard O. Wightman, Jr., USA, ret.
RADM Denny Wisely, USN, ret.
LTG John Woodward, ret.
Everyone these white men has betrayed their country and their oath to protect the US Constitution and our democracy.
Under military law, they should forfeit their rank, their tax payer paid pensions and/or prepare themselves for the firing squad.
12 notes
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The other day I got into a brief discussion of cover mentions throughout the history of the science fiction magazine.
Of course we all focus on the cover image first, but unless it is a really extraordinary sample of the genre’s art (between BEMs and brass brassieres it’s a bit tough to hit “extraordinary”) the very next thing we look at are the names of the authors to be found within.
To the first time buyer, these mean little to nothing. To the aficionado however, they can serve as an instant assessment of the expected quality of the issue. Lots of top names, stands a chance of being an excellent issue. No recognizable authors – well, either the title is on its way out (the editors are scraping the bottom of the submission barrel) or – we’re about to discover the next great thing to come down the genre pike. This latter possibility can only be found in the “vanishingly small probability” box, and represents more of a hope for the reader than a real possibility.
I decided to take a look at how the various magazine titles handled this bit of self-promotion. I then decided to use 1953 as my exemplar year.
Why 1953? Because 1953 was THE banner year for science fiction and fantasy magazines. And because the frenzy surrounding this boom year somewhat resembles what we’ve been seeing for the past several years – an explosion of electronic magazine titles, each of which carefully lists it’s available contents.
1953 was also a year in which the genre was changing; more markets meant that more authors could stretch, had a few more places they could pitch to. Many of the “old guard” were still publishing, and a lot of familiar names had become firmly established. The short story was still the dominant form for the genre and thus, it’s at least as good a year as any other to pick on.
(Wikipedia only lists 219 SF novels published in 1953. There were undoubtedly a handful of others, but this is a pretty good indicator of how few novels were published, as opposed to short fiction in the magazines.)
Here’s a gallery, displaying the magazine covers from 1953, in alphabetical order by magazine title.
AMAZING STORIES
Published by: Ziff-Davids Publishing Company
Edited by: Howard Browne
Format: Pulp
Charles Creighton, Mallory Storm, Chester Geier, Guy Archette, E. K. Jarvis, Paul Lohrman (2), Jack Lait, Lee Mortimer, Ray Bradbury, Robert Heinlein, H.L. Gold (2), Theodore Sturgeon, Harriet Frank, Walter M. Miller Jr., Kendall Foster, Henry Kuttner, Algiss Budrys, R. W. Krepps, Richard Matheson, Robert Skeckley (2), Vern Fearing, William P. McGivern, Wallace West, Evan Hunter
2/26
ASTOUNDING SCIENCE FICTION
Published by: Street & Smith Publications
Edited by: John W. Campbell, Jr.
Format: Digest
Poul Anderson (3), H. Beam Piper, John J. McGuire, John Loxmith, Hal Clement, John E. Arnold, Lee Correy, Mark Clifton (2), Alex Apostildes (2), Tom Godwin, Raymond F. Jones
0/11
AVON SCIENCE FICTION AND FANTASY READER
Published by: Avon Novels Inc, & Stratford Novels Inc.
Edited by: Sol Cohen
Format: Digest
Arthur C. Clarke (2), John Jakes (2), Alfred J. Coppel Jr., John Christopher, Milton Lesser (2), Jack Vance
0/9
BEYOND FANTASY FICTION
Published by: Galaxy Publishing
Edited by: Horace L. Gold
Format: Digest
Ted Sturgeon (2), Damon Knight, T. L. Sherred, Jerome Bixby (2), Joe E. Dean, Richard Matheson (2), Roger Dee, Frank M. Robinson, James McConnell, Isaac Asimov, Robert Bloch, T. R. Cogswell, Philip K. Dick, John Wyndham, Wyman Guin, Richard Deeming, Algis Budrys, Franklin Gregory, Zenna Henderson, Ted Reynolds
1/23
COSMOS SCIENCE FICTION AND FANTASY MAGAZINE
Published by Star Publications
Edited by Laurence M. Jannifer
Format: Digest
Poul Anderson, Carl Jacobi (2), Philip K. Dick, Evan Hunter (2), Ross Rocklynne, John Jakes, Bertram Chandler (2), Robert S. Richardson (2), B. Traven, N. R., Jack Vance
0/15
DYNAMIC SCIENCE FICTION
Published by: Columbia Publications
Edited by: Robert A. W. Lowndes
Format: Pulp
Cyril Judd, Raymond Z. Gallun, James Blish, Michael Sherman, Algis Budrys
0/5*
FAMOUS FANTASTIC MYSTERIES
Published by: All Fiction Field (imprint of Popular Publications)
Edited by: Mary Gnaedinger
Format: Pulp
Talbot Mundy, H. Rider Haggard, Ayn Rand, Kafka
1/4
FANTASTIC
Published by: Ziff-Davis Publications
Edited by: Howard Browne
Format: Digest
Samuel Hopkins Adams, Joseph Shallit, Kris Neville, Edgar Allan Poe, John Collier, Billy Rose, B. Traven, Stephen Vincent Benet, William P. McGivern (3), Isaac Asimov, Alfred Bester, John Wyndham (2), Esther Carlson, Evelyn Waugh, Ralph Robin (3), Walter M. Miller Jr., Robert Sheckley (2), Richard Matheson, Frank M. Robinson, Rog Phillips, Robert Bloch
2/27
FANTASTIC ADVENTURES
Published by: Ziff-Davis Publications
Edited by: Howard Browne
Format: Pulp
Frank McGiver, Peter Dakin, E. K. Jarvis, Mallory Storm, Ivar Jorgensen, Alexander Blade
1/6
FANTASTIC STORY MAGAZINE
Published by:Best Books
Edited by: Samuel Mines
Format: Pulp
Edmond Hamilton, Murray Leinster (3), L. Sprague de Camp (4), Thomas L. McClary, Leigh Brackett, Henry Kuttner, Carl Jacobi, Horace L. Gold, Jerry Shelton, Ed Weston, Kevin Kent, Jack Townsley Rogers, Frederic Brown, Cleve Cartmill, Manly Wade Wellman, Otis Adelbert Kline, Roscoe Clark, Robert Moore Williams
1/23
FANTASTIC UNIVERSE SCIENCE FICTION
Published by: King-Sized Publications
Edited by: Sam Merwin
Format: Digest
Ray Bradbury, Arthur C. Clarke, Frank Belknap Long, E. Hoffman Price, Evan Hunter, Irving Cox, William Campbell Gault, A. Bertram Chandler (2), Walt Sheldon, Clifford D. Simak, Poul Anderson, Richard Matheson, Eric Frank Russell, Jean Jaques Ferrat, William F. Temple, Wallace West, C. M. Kornbluth, William Morrison, Philip K. Dick, Evelyn E. Smith
1/21
THE MAGAZINE OF FANTASY AND SCIENCE FICTION
Published by: Mercury Press
Edited by: Anthony Boucher
Format: Digest
Fritz Leiber, Mabel Seeley, John Wyndham, Idris Seabright (2), Robert Louis Stevenson, R. Bretnor (2), L. Sprague de Camp, Fletcher Pratt, Oliver la Farge, J. T. McIntosh, Wilson Tucker, Richard Matheson, Anthony Boucher (2), Kris Neville, Chad Oliver, Esther Carlson, Alan Nelson, William Bernard Ready, Poul Anderson, Ward Moore, John D. MacDonald, Edward W. Ludwig, Arthur Porges, Manly Wade Wellman, Winona McClintic, Tom McMorrow Jr.,
4/29
FANTASY MAGAZINE/FANTASY FICTION
Published by: Future Publications
Edited by: Lester Del Rey
Format: Digest
Robert E. Howard (2), John Wyndham, (Philip K) Dick, Elliot, Fritch, (H.B.) Fyfe, H. Harrison, MacLean, L. Sprague de Camp, Pletcher Pratt
0/10
FUTURE SCIENCE FICTION
Published by: Standard Publications
Edited by: Robert A. W. Lowndes
Format: Pulp
John Wyndham, Poul Anderson, William Tenn, Gordon R. Dickson, Kriss Neville, Robert Sheckley
0/6
GALAXY SCIENCE FICTION
Published by: Galaxy Publishing
Edited by: Horace L. Gold
Format: Digest
Philip K. Dick, Damon Knight, H. L. Gold, Willy Ley (3)*, F, L. Wallace, J. T. McIntosh, Theodore Sturgeon, Isaac Asimov
0/10
GALAXY SCIENCE FICTION NOVELS
Published by: Galaxy Publishing
Edited by: Horace L. Gold
Format: Digest
This “magazine” Doesn’t really count as these are single novel publications. However, for completeness’ sake: John Taine, Isaac Asimov, J. Leslie Mitchell, James Blish (2), Lewis Padgett*, Edmond Hamilton
0/7
IF WORLDS OF SCIENCE FICTION
Published by: Digest Publications
Edited by: Larry Shaw
Format: Digest
Walter M. Miller Jr., Ivar Jorgenson, Arthur C. Clarke, Jack Vance, Walt Sheldon, H. B. Fyfe, James Blish, William Tenn, Mark Wolf
0/9
ORBIT SCIENCE FICTION
Published by: Hanro Corporation
Edited by: Donald A. Wollheim
Format: Digest
Richard English, August Derleth (2), Mack Reynolds, Charles Beaumont (2), Paul Brandts, H. B. Fyfe, John Christopher, James Causey
0/10
OTHER WORLDS
Published by: Clark Publications, later Bell Publications
Edited by: Raymond A. Plamer & Bea Mahaffey
Format: Digest
H. B. Fyfe, Richard S. Shaver (2), L Sprague de Camp (3), Eric Frank Russell, (William F.) Temple, (Robert Moore) Williams, Edward L. Smith, (Joe) Gibson, (Raymond A.) Palmer, S. J. Byrne, Robert Bloch, James McConne
0/15
PLANET STORIES
Published by: Love Romances
Edited by: Jack O’Sullivan
Format: Pulp
Bryan Berry (4*), Roger Dee, Gardner F. Fox, Robert Moore Williams, Ross Rocklynne, William Tenn, Ray Gallun, B. Curtis, Gordon R. Dickson, Hayden Howard, Stanley Mullen, Leigh Brackett, Ray Bradbury, Fox B. Holden
1/17
ROCKET STORIES
Published by: Space Publications
Edited by: Lester Del Rey, Harry Harrison
Format: Digest
(?) Bernard, (Henry) De Rosso, (John) Jakes, (Milton) Lesser (2), (Poul) Anderson, (Algis) Budrys, (?) Cox, (James) Gunn, (A. F. ?) Loomis, (?) Mullen
0/12
SCIENCE FICTION ADVENTURES
Published by: Space Fiction/Future Publications
Edited by: Lester Del Rey, Harry Harrison
Format: Digest
(William) Morrison (2, (Alan E.) Nourse, (George O.) Smith, (Erik) Van Lhin* (5), (Chad) Oliver, (Algis) Budrys, (Raymond Z.) Gallun, (Theodore R.) Cogswell, (Robert) Sheckley, (Poul) Anderson, (Irving E.) Cox (Jr.) (2), (Samuel) Moskowitz, (Richard) Snodgrass, C. M. Kornbluth
0/20
SCIENCE FICTION PLUS
Published by: Gernsback Publications
Edited by: Sam Moskowitz
Format: Slick
Eando Binder (2), Hugo Gernsback (2), Philip Jose Farmer (2), John Scott Campbell, Dr. Donald H. Menzel, Richard Tooker, Clifford D. Simak (2), Raymond Z. Gallun, Frank Belknap Long, F. L. Wallace, Robert Bloch, Harry Walton, Murray Leinster (2), Pierre Devaux, H. G. Viet, Gustav Albrecht, Frank R. Paul, Chad Oliver, Thomas Calvert McClary, Jack Williamson, Eric Frank Russell (2), Harry Bates, James H. Schmitz
0/29
SCIENCE FICTION QUARTERLY
Published by: Double-Action Magazines
Edited by: Charles D. Hornig, Robert A. W. Lowndes
Format: Pulp
Poul Anderson, Philip K. Dick, Randall Garrett, Milton Lesser
0/4
SCIENCE FICTION STORIES
Published by: Columbia Publications
Edited by: Robert A. W. Lowndes
Format: Digest
Poul Anderson, Raymond Z. Gallun, Robert Sheckley, Algis Budrys, Philip K. Dick, Noel Loomis, M.C. Pease
0/7
SCIENCE STORIES
Published by: Clark Publishing, Bell Publishing
Edited by: Raymond A. Palmer, Bea Mahaffey
Format: Digest
Jack Williamson, John Bloodstone, S. J. Byrne, T. P. Caravan, Mack Reynolds, Edward Wellen, Richard Dorot
0/7
SPACE SCIENCE FICTION
Published by: Space Publications
Edited by: Lester Del Rey
Format: Digest
H. Beam Piper, (John) Christopher, (William) Morrison (2), Damon Knight, T. L. Sherred, Lester Del Rey, Poul Anderson
0/8
SPACE STORIES
Published by: Standard Magazines
Edited by: Samuel Mines
Format: Pulp
Leigh Brackett, William Morrison, Sam Merwin Jr.
1/3
SPACEWAY STORIES OF THE FUTURE
Published by: Fantasy Publishing Co
Edited by: ?
Format: Digest
Only a movie title is listed.
STARTLING STORIES
Published by: Better Publications
Edited by: Samuel Mines
Format: Pulp
Damon Knight, Murray Leinster (2), George O. Smith, Sam Merwin Jr (3)., Chad Oliver, Kendall Foster Crossen, Willy Ley, Fletcher Pratt, Noel Loomis, Philip Jose Farmer, Theodore Sturgeon, Edmond Hamilton
0/15
THRILLING WONDER STORIES
Published by: Beacon/Better/Standard Magazines
Edited by: Samuel Mines
Format: Pulp
L. Sprague de Camp, Kendall Foster Crossen (3), Damon Knight, Katherine MacLean, Wallace West, R. J. McGregor, George O. Smith, Dwight V. Swain
1/10
TOPS IN SCIENCE FICTION
Published by: Love Romances
Edited by: Jack O’Sullivan, Malcolm Reiss
Format: Pulp
(Ray) Bradbury, Leigh Brackett (2), (Robert) Abernathy, (Hugh Frazier) Parker
TWO COMPLETE SCIENCE-ADVENTURE BOOKS
Published by:Wings Publishing
Edited by: Katherine Daffron
Format: Pulp
Like The Galaxy SF Novel, these “magazines” only published two full length novels, so it doesn’t really fit the standard pulp magazine cover listings thing. However –
James Blish, Vargo Statten, Killian Houston Brunner, Bryan Berry, Poul Anderson, John D. MacDonald
0/6
UNIVERSE SCIENCE FICTION
Published by: Bell Publications, Palmer Publications
Edited by: Raymond A. Plamer, Bea Mahaffey
Format: Digest
Theodore Sturgeon, Murray Leinster, Nelson Bond, Robert Bloch, William T. Powers (2), William Campbell Gault, Gordon R. Dickson (2), Mark Clifton, Sylvia Jacobs, Roger Flint Young, Poul Anderson, (Isaac Asimov, (L. Sprague) de Camp, (Eando) Binder, F. L. Wallace, George H. Smith
1/18
VORTEX SCIENCE FICTION
Published by: Specific Fiction
Edited by: Chester Whitehorn
Format: Digest
(Nobody listed on the cover, probably owing to the fact that this was a terrible magazine.)
WEIRD TALES
Published by: Weird Tales Inc
Edited by: Dorothy McIllwraith
Format: Digest
Everil Worrell, Joseph Payne Brennan, Leah Bodine Drake, August Derleth (2), (Manly Wade) Wellman, C.(lark) A.(shton) Smith
2/6
WONDER STORY ANNUAL
Published by: Best Books
Edited by: ?
Format: Pulp
Jack Williamson, Ray Bradbury, Robert Heinlein, Henry Kuttner, Isaac Asimov
0/5
***
Text markup key: A bolded name is an author who still resonates today (at least in my estimation); italics indicate a pseudonym – sometimes a house name, sometimes not; a number in ellipses indicated that the author was cover mentioned more than once during the year’s run.
The numbers following the names related the ration of female/male mentions for the year’s run. The best that can be said about this is that Space Stories managed to achieve 33%, while the majority of the magazines featured no female authors.
***
Thirty Eight different titles, if we include serious name changes:
Amazing Stories, Astounding Science Fiction, Avon Science Fiction and Fantasy Reader, Beyond Fantasy Fiction, Cosmos Science Fiction and Fantasy Magazine, Dynamic Science Fiction, Famous Fantastic Mysteries,Fantastic Adventures, Fantastic*, Fantastic Story, Fantastic Universe, The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Fantasy, Fantasy Fiction*, Future Science Fiction, Galaxy Science Fiction, Galaxy Science Fiction Novels, If Worlds of Science Fiction, Orbit Science Fiction, Other Worlds, Planet Stories, Rocket Stories, Science Fiction Adventures, Science Fiction Plus, Science Fiction Quarterly, Science Fiction Stories, Science Stories*, Space Science Fiction, Space Stories, Spaceway, Startling Stories, Thrilling Wonder Stories, Tops in Science Fiction, Two Complete Science-Adventure Books, Universe Science Fiction, Vortex Science Fiction, Weird Tales, Wonder Story Annual.
(*This was a title change) (and I’ve got 32 of the 38 first issues in my personal collection!)
Phew!
Incidentally, if you’d purchased all of these at the newsstand back in the day, it would have set you back a grand total of $55.80. Adjusted for inflation, it would be a bit over $500 bucks today. That’s a bit low. There are 176 issues in question and current asking price for a digest magazine on the stands these days is $7.99. At that price, these issues would have set you back about $1400.00. This suggests that things really were cheaper back then! (It’s also a lot easier to scrape up 25 cents looking for pennies on the street than it is to find $7.99….)
Beyond anything else, I simply can not imagine what it must have been like to be standing in front of the racks of a 1953 news shop. During they heyday of my purchasing magazines from news shops, I had Amazing, F&SF, Fantastic, Galaxy, If, Analog, Odyssey, Galileo, and a handful of reprint mags to choose from, as well as a number of “graphic” magazines like Heavy Metal and “media” magazines like Star Warp. I’d have been overwhelmed and terribly frustrated to find 38 different titles – I wouldn’t be able to choose which ones to spend my nickles on!
Truth be told, though, the regularity of these magazines was anything but regular. If you averaged out their production over twelve months, there’d only be 15 titles to choose from at any given time.
No doubt quality suffered to some degree, but the chances of finding good stories was also increased.
Note, interestingly, that only 45 percent of these titles include the identifier “science fiction” in their name. Among those that don’t include “science fiction”, seven consist of a descriptor and the word “stories”: Amazing, Planet, Rocket, Science, Space, Startling, Thrilling Wonder, and two a descriptor plus “story” – Fantastic and Wonder.
I think it safe to say that the majority of magazines back in 1953 still felt the need to be very specific about what they were offering readers. The cover image was apparently not quite enough, though I’m sure they worked hand-in-hand: the outre image would catch your eye and the properly worded title would confirm your suspicions: rocketships plus “Amazing” equals “science fiction”. (Anyone seeing a scantily clad “space babe” and hoping for titillation was going to be sorely disappointed, and unlikely to be interested in anything “science stories”.)
Those two elements were probably believed to be sufficient come-ons to new customers, none of whom had a computer or databases to consult. (In fact, whether or not you ever even saw a particular title on the newsstands was often hit or miss: if the magazine distributor didn’t cover a particular territory (or deliver to that territory that month), you’d never see the issue(s).
But then, most of the magazines also went ahead and put two other items on their covers. Frequently a statement about the contents was made -All New Stories!- and the title and author of at least one story listed on the table of contents.
I find it interesting that they felt a need to proclaim “All Stories Complete!” “All New Fiction!” and even “A Selection of the Best Stories of Fantasy and Science Fiction, new and old.” This was of course due to the fact that there were numerous reprint magazines on the stands (Famous Fantastic Mysteries among them) and woe to the reader who spent that hard-earned quarter, only to discover contents they’d already read!
Another thing regularly stuck on the cover of these ‘zines was a sort of sub-title: Strange Adventures on Other Worlds…Preview of the Future…Stories of the Future…Science Fiction…Best in Fantasy….
If you stand back and take a look at all of the covers shown previously, you may notice that there seem to be two general format layouts – “framed” and “unframed”, and further that the unframed titles break down into two sub-groups – boxes or no boxes.
Framed layouts present the cover image, untouched, and surround it with (usually) an inverted ‘L’ shaped border (Galaxy, Space Stories), while unframed titles print a full-sized cover image and slap text directly over the image. Some of these restrict the listing of contents or highlighted story in an opaque box (which is printed over the image).
It seems that two different schools of design thought were expressing themselves. Both have advantages: unframed present a larger image, framed present one that lets you see everything, no textual interruptions, please, but are small in area.
Also note that 1953 was a year of transition for magazine format: some of the titles shown were published in “pulp” format (about 9 inches tall), such as Two Complete Science-Adventure Tales and Fantastic Adventures, while most had or were switching to the familiar digest (about 7 inches tall) format – such as Fantastic Universe and Galaxy.
The larger format almost exclusively utilized an unframed layout, while many of the digests went with the framed format, though not exclusively. Notably, Amazing Stories seems to be all over the place.
Now, with all that being said…why’d they put those names on the cover?
These magazines had three basic markets they were trying to reach – the educated fan, the fan who didn’t know they were a fan, the casual reader.
The publishers didn’t really have to worry about the educated fan too much; chances were they were a subscriber, or belonged to a club that subscribed, or had fellow fans who shared issues around. Fan readers of SF&F were always hungry for more and needed no other motivation than “the new issue is on the stands” to go and seek it out.
Further, this kind of consumer had already developed their tastes and would have been pretty familiar with the regularly published authors and those who were considered to be headliners. Any given name on the cover stood a 50-50 chance of attracting or deterring that reader. You could get a lot for a quarter and a dime back then – almost a beer, almost a movie ticket; Mark Watney would probably like to know that ten pounds of potatoes cost the same as a magazine.
I ponder the wisdom of a promotional campaign that runs the risk of turning your potential customer off, up to fifty percent of the time.
On the other hand, publishers, at least in regards to this demographic, were probably counting on a few other things as well: most fans were rabid fans by necessity. Even if every single author in a given issue was disliked, there was still the editorial and the letter column (often worth the price of admission alone), whatever other features might be included and, of course, the cover, along with the interior illustrations. (Remember those?) Having probably already been through the demise of many prior titles, the experienced fan back then probably had a well-honed sense of historical preservation. All of which would tend to encourage them to ignore front cover unpleasantness.
One thing is for sure though: this segment of the market didn’t have to be sold. They were already bought and paid for. The only competition a magazine faced with this particular buyer was whether or not a competing title was more “attractive” this month. Which suggests that one purpose of the names on the cover was to play one-ups-manship with the other titles.
This then leaves us with two segments – the unrealized fan and the casual reader.
The only difference between these two market segments is that the unrealized fan reader might have heard of an author or two. I stress might, since the novels they might have been exposed to were few and far between and no one was advertising SF magazines on television or radio, nor even in the mass-circulation magazines of the day. You weren’t going to see Isaac Asimov on a Wheaties box (though this might not be a bad idea…), Jack Parr wasn’t interviewing Ray Bradbury and the movies they might have caught rarely, if ever, mentioned the origin of their script.
Space Patrol, Tom Corbett, Tales of Tomorrow (ended this year), some fans might have caught Atom Squad, some kids were maybe watching Johnny Jupiter, Rod Brown was competing with Tom, and it would be several years before Science Fiction Theater, The Twighlight Zone and Men Into Space would grace the small screen; these 1953 television shows did little to elevate the profile of the science fiction author.
Likewise, radio (still a popular medium) wasn’t producing much of serious fan interest either: Dimension X had been off the air for a couple of years, and it would be a couple more before X Minus One would air (both prominently featured stories largely drawn from Astounding Science Fiction). The radio companion for Space Patrol was airing, but, again, any author involved probably tried to keep as low a profile as possible.
The only real benefit any of the magazines might have derived from these other media might have been creating the initial interest in the subject matter. Given the right circumstances, it is entirely possible that a consumer walking past a newsstand would make the connection between a television show featuring outer space and the image of a rocketship on the cover of one of the magazines.
This works, potentially, for the unrealized fan, though it begs a question: why didn’t any of the magazines attempt to capture this television show audience with various forms of tie-in? (Tom Corbett Isn’t the ONLY Space Cadet. We’ve got space cadets in every issue! A New Short Story by the author of the latest Tales of Tomorrow episode!) It could be suggested that most of SF on television back in the day was focused on “kids”, and that the magazines were going after an older audience, but most of the magazines on sale were perceived, at least by the general public, as being kid-stuff too. I can imagine a well-meaning parent, noting their child’s interest in Space Cadets, picking up a copy of Universe, or Science Fiction Plus, or Science Fiction Adventures (check out the cover art) as an attempt to support the kid’s interest. But then again, we’re talking about an era that generally despised science fiction, so it’s more likely that mom or dad would be scheduling homework time during Corbett’s 15 minute episodes….
The casual reader…the only thing I can imagine that would attract them to an SF pulp (or digest) would be the cover art, perhaps reinforced by one of the come-ons. But certainly not the names.
This of course brings us back full circle. It’s pretty well established that the names on the cover did little to help market these titles. Existing fans knew the titles and would pick them up regardless of who was featured; unrealized fans could make no informed judgement about the content, and the casual reader would be attracted by art and possibly blurbs.
So why? Why go to the trouble to select the names, why the belief that doing so was beneficial? There’s probably only two reasons: tradition (magazines had been printing the contents on the cover from the beginning) and ego boo: ego boo for the authors (who were getting paid very little and had only two sources of fan interaction – letters and conventions. Not to mention wanting to keep valued authors on the submission hook. And ego boo for the editors and publishers who got to brag among themselves and play a game of one upsmanship.
So what have we got? Here’s the list, most cover mentions to least, in alphabetical order. There are quite a few names we still engage with these days…and quite as many we have forgotten.
14 Anderson Poul
11 de Camp L. Sprague
8 Leinster Murray
7 Dick Philip K., 7 Sheckley Robert
6 Asimov Isaac, Budrys Algis, Matheson Richard, Morrison William, Sturgeon Theodore, Wyndham John
5 Berry Bryan, Blish James, Bloch Robert, Brackett Leigh, Bradbury Ray, Crossen Kendall Foster, Gallun Raymond Z., Knight Damon, Lesser Milton, Lhin Erik Van,
4 Chandler A. Bertram, Clarke Arthur C., Derleth August, Dickson Gordon R., Gold Horace L., Hunter Evan, Jakes John, Ley Willy, McGivern William P., Merwin Jr Sam, Oliver Chad, Russell Eric Frank
3 Binder Eando, Christopher John, Clifton Mark, Cox Irving, Farmer Philip Jose, Fyfe H. B., Hamilton Edmond, Jacobi Carl, Kuttner Henry, Miller Jr. Walter M., Neville Kris, Robin Ralph, Simak Clifford D., Smith George O., Tenn William, Vance Jack, Wallace F L., Wellman Manly Wade, West Wallace, Williams Robert Moore, Williamson Jack,
2 Apostildes Alex, Beaumont Charles, Bixby Jerome, Boucher Anthony, Bretnor R., Byrne S. J., Carlson Esther, Cogswell Theodore R., Dee Roger, Gault William Campbell, Gernsback Hugo, Heinlein Robert, Howard Robert E., Jarvis E. K., Jorgensen Ivar, Kornbluth C. M., Lohrman Paul, Long Frank Belknap, Loomis Noel, MacDonald John D., McIntosh J. T., Mullen Stanley, Piper H. Beam, Powers William T., Pratt Fletcher, Reynolds Mack, Richardson Robert S., Robinson Frank M., Rocklynne Ross, Seabright Idris, Shaver Richard S., Sheldon Walt, Sherred T. L., Storm Mallory, Temple William F., Traven B.,
1 Abernathy Robert, Adams Samuel Hopkins, Albrecht Gustav, Archette Guy, Arnold John E., Bates Harry, Benet Stephen Vincent, Bernard (?), Bester Alfred, Blade Alexander, Bloodstone John, Bond Nelson, Brandts Paul, Brennan Joseph Payne, Brown Frederic, Brunner Killian Houston, Campbell John Scott, Caravan T. P., Cartmill Cleve, Causey James, Clark Roscoe, Clement, Hal, Collier John, Coppel Jr. Alfred J., Correy Lee, Cox (?), Creighton Charles, Curtis B., Dakin Peter, De Rosso Henry, Dean Joe E., Deeming Richard, Del Rey Lester, Devaux Pierre, Dorot Richard, Drake Leah Bodine, English Richard, Fearing Vern, Ferrat Jean Jaques, Fox Gardner F., Frank Harriet, Fritch Elliot, Fyfe H.B., Garrett Randall, Geier Chester, Gibson Joe, Godwin Tom, Gregory Franklin, Guin Wyman, Gunn James, Haggard H. Rider, Harrison H., Henderson Zenna, Holden Fox B., Howard Hayden, Jacobs Sylvia, Jones Raymond F., Judd Cyril, Kafka , Kent Kevin, Kline Otis Adelbert, Krepps R. W., la Farge Oliver, Lait Jack, Leiber Fritz, Loomis (A. F. ?), Loxmith John, Ludwig Edward W., MacLean Katherine, MacLean Mabel Seeley, McClary Thomas Calvert, McClary Thomas L., McClintic Winona, McConne James, McConnell James, McGiver Frank, McGregor R. J., McMorrow Jr. Tom, McGuire John J, Menzel Donald H., Mitchell J. Leslie, Moore Ward, Mortimer Lee, Moskowitz Samuel, Mundy Talbot, Nelson Alan, Nourse Alan E., Padgett Lewis, Palmer Raymond A., Parker Hugh Frazier, Paul Frank R., Pease M.C., Phillips Rog, Poe Edgar Allan, Porges Arthur, Pratt Pletcher, Price E. Hoffman, R. N., Rand Ayn, Ready William Bernard, Reynolds Ted, Rogers Jack Townsley, Rose Billy, Schmitz James H., Shallit Joseph, Shelton Jerry, Sherman Michael, Smith Clark Ashton, Smith Evelyn E., Smith George H., Smith Edward L., Snodgrass Richard, Statten Vargo, Stevenson Robert Louis, Swain Dwight V., Taine John, Tooker Richard, Tucker Wilson, Viet H. G., Walton Harry, Waugh Evelyn, Wellen Edward, Weston Ed, Wolf Mark, Worrell Everil, Young Roger Flint
Resources for this article were obtained from Galactic Central and the Internet Science Fiction Database.
On Cover Mentions The other day I got into a brief discussion of cover mentions throughout the history of the science fiction magazine.
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77. The 1990 season --- Team rosters
Team by team breakdown of more noted players in the 1990 season.
Atlanta - QB Steve Bartkowski,QB Walter Lewis, RB Cleveland Gary, RB Vagus Ferguson, FB Ken Talton, WR Marcus Anderson, WR/KR Cormac Carney,TE Ken Wisenhunt, DE Curtis Anderson, DL Kevin Middleton OLB Cornelius Bennett, OLB Aundrey Bruce ILB John Brantley, ILB Larry Kolic, FS Riccardo Ingram SS Bubba McDowell P Jim Grupp K Efren Herrera
Arizona- QB Alan Risher, QB Todd Santos RB Kevin Nelson, RB Randy Johnson RB John Barnett,FB Mack Boatner, WR Jim Sandusky, WR Jackie Flowers, TE Mark Keel, G Randall McDaniel G Carl Roberts G Frank Kalil, C Mike Katolin OL Jeff Kiewel RG Alvin Powell, DE Skip McLendon, DE Mike Mraz DT Stan Mataele NT Dan Saleamua NT Dave Futrell OLB Ben Apuna, OLB Scott Stephen MLB Byron Evans CB Anthony Parker DB Lance Shields DB Eddie Brown DB Gordon Bunch,FS Allen Durden SS/OLB David Fulcher SS Chuck Cecil SS Don Schwartz P/K Frank Corral
Baltimore- QB Rick Neuheisel, WR Joey Walters, TE victor Hicks, RB Chris Warren, RB Harry Sydney, DE Mike Fox, DE Willie Broughton, DT Bob Nelson DT Wally Klein,
Birmingham- QB Kerwin Bell, QB Reggie Slack, QB Peter Tom Willis RB Brent Fullwood, RB Jerry Mays, RB Scott Stamper FB Tommie Agee WR Wendell Davis, WR Joey Jones, WR Ron Fredrick, WR Greg Richardson TE Darryl Mason TE Allama Matthews T Pat Phenix, T Robert Woods G Pat Saindon, G Buddy Aydelette, C Tom Banks G Dave Drechsler DE Jon Hand DE Tracy Rocker,DE/DT Ronnie Paggett, DT Doug Smith, NT Benji Roland DE/DT Jackie Cline DE/DT Jimmy Walker OLB Herb Spencer,LB Dallas Hickman, LB Thomas Boyd ILB Keith McCants ILB Kurt Crain CB Ricky Ray CB Dennis Woodberry CB Frank Reed SS Billy Cesare FS Mike Thomas SS Chuck Clanton P Danny Miller K Scott Norwood
Boston - QB Doug Flutie, QB Mike Buck, QB Shawn Halloran, RB Jaime Morris,RB Troy Stradford, WR Kelvin Martin, WR Tom Waddle, WR Darren Flutie, TE Mike Bitterman, T Dave Widell T Scott Hough, T Pat Staub G Joe Wolf G Steve Trapillo G Mike Brennan G Dean Brown G John Schmeding C Mike McLaughlin DE John Bosa,DE Kenny Neil DE Robert Banks DL Justin Strzelcyzk, NT Mike Ruth OLB Ben Needham OLB Bill Romanowski,ILB Marcus Marek ILB Ned Bolcar CB Gordie Lockbaum CB Woorow Wilson S Joe Restic S Pat Eilers S Stan Smagala DB D'Jaun Francisco P Bucky Scribner K John Carney
Carolina - QB Mike Hohenesee,QB Chris Chandler,QB Ben Bennett WR Clarkston Hines, WR Sterling Sharpe, WR Naz Worthen, WR Perry Tuttle,WR Robert Clark TE Shannon Sharp, RB Kevin Mack,RB Derrick Fenner, G John Schmeding G Gerry Raymond DE Ray Agnew, DE Malcolm Taylor, DT Micheal Dean Perry, NT Roy Hart,OLB Vinson Smith, CB Donnell Woolford,CB Wayne Haddix, S Brad Edwards,K Steve Christie
Chicago-QB Jack Trudeau, QB Chuck Hartlieb, RB Bo Jackson, RB Thomas Rooks, FB Keith Byars, WR David Williams,WR/KR Tim Brown, WR Doug Donely, TE Cap Boso, TE Jerry Reese LT Mark Dennis, LT Lee Spivey,LT Duane Wilson,G Jim Juriga,RG Arland Thompson, C Bill Winters DE Tyrone Keys, DE Scott Davis, DT Don Thorp, NT Paul Hanna DT Tony Suber ILB Pepper Johnson ILB Jeff Leiding LB Byron Lee LB Scott Leach LB Larry Kolic CB Rod Hill, CB Vince Buck, CB Kerry Glenn, FS Craig Swoope S Sonny Gordon P Jim Miller K Max Zendejas
Denver- QB Todd Dillon QB Scott Mitchell QB Bob Gagliano RB Bill Johnson, RB Steve Bartalo WR Leonard Harris, WR/KR Marc Lewis, WR Vincent White,WR Frank Lockett, WR Aaron Cox, WR Terrence Mathis LT Steve Rogers, C Tim Grunhard, C Tom Davis OL Sid Abramowitz DE Calvin Turner, DL Chad Hennings,NT Tim Moore OLB Marcus Cotton, OLB Galand Thaxton ILB John Nevens,MLB Terry Maki, LB Greg Gerken CB/PR David Martin, CB David Dumars CB Nate Miller, CB Tom Rotello CB Victor Scott FS Scott Thomas,SS Mickey Pruitt, P Jack Weil K/P Jim Asmus
Hawaii - QB Jack Thompson, QB Robbie Bosco,QB Garrett Gabriel, QB/RB/WR Raphel Cherry, WR Walter Murray, WR Mark Bellini , WR Glen Kozlowski, RB/PR/KR Gary Allen, RB Del Rodgers, RB Anthony Edgar RB/PR/KR Vai Sikahema, FB Lakei Heimuli, FB Tom Tuipulotu, TE Trevor Molini, TE David Mills, RT Jim Mills LT Darryl Haley, LT Dean Miraldi T Vince Stroth, T Nick Eyre, T Wayne Faalafua G Joe Onosai G Louis Wong G Bernard Carvalho, C Kani Kauahi, C Ed Riewerts C Robert Anae DE Al Noga DE Jason Buck DE Jim Herrmann DE Brandon Flint DE Brad Anae, DE Junior Filiaga, DT Kit Lathrop DT Tom Tuinei DT Colin Scotts, DT Brad Smith, OLB Kyle Whittigham, OLB Leon White, LB Cary Whittingham, MLB Kurt Gouveia,MLB Marv Allen CB Dana McLemore CB Jeff Griffin CB Manny Hendrix, CB Rodney Thomas, DB Rodney Rice, DB Kent Kafentzis, FS Blaine Gaison FS Jeff Wilcox FS Rich Miano SS Mark Kafentzis SS Kyle Morrell SS Jeff Sprowls, S Verlon Redd S Troy Long P/TE Clay Brown K Paul Woodside
Houston- QB Jim Kelly, WR Richard Johnson, WR Ricky Sanders, WR/PR Gerald McNeil, WR/KR Clarence Verdin, RB Ickey Woods, RB Todd Fowler, RB Darryl Clark, LT Bryan Dausin RT Tommy Robinson T Ernie Rogers, T Denver Johnson RG Billy Kidd, LG Scott Boucher, C Frank Kalil, DE Pete Catan, DE Cleveland Crosby DE Charles Benson DT Craig Veasey, DT Tony Fitzpatrick DT Hosea Taylor OLB Andy Hawkins, OLB Mike Hawkins, MLB Kiki DeAyala, LB Lamar Lathon, CB Audrey McMillan, CB Will Lewis CB Mike Mitchell FS Luther Bradley FS Hollis Hall SS Steve Atwater SS Calvin Eason,S Tommy Myers P Dale Walters K Toni Fritsch,
Jacksonville- QB Ed Luther, QB Robbie Mahfouz WR Alton Alexis, WR Perry Kemp, WR Wyatt Henderson RB Gaston Green KR/RB Tony Boddie, FB Larry Mason FB Melvin Bratton, T Bob Gruber G George Collins C Jay Pennison T Roy simmons C Mike Reuther,RT Ralph Williams, LG Rich garza,DE Anthony Smith, DE Alphonso Carreker, DE Keith Millard, DE Phil Dokes OLB tom dinkle OLB Joe Castillo, MLB Bernard Clark, CB Terry McDaniel, CB Van Jakes S Don Bessillieu S Chester Gee CB Mark Harper DB Bobby Hosea, P/K Brian Franco
Los Angeles- QB Marc Wilson, QB Rodney Peete, QB Doug Gaynor, RB Christian Okoye, RB Reggie Brown RB/KR Jarvis Redwine, WR Mike Sherrad, WR Reggie Rembert, WR Willie “Flipper” Anderson, WR Duane Gunn WR John Jefferson TE Tim Wrightman OL Rod Walters, Vince Stroh, Bob Simmons, Doug Hoppock, Perry Harnett, & Jerry Doerger, C Mike Katolin & G Alvin Powell, C Mike Schad, DE Gary Jeter,DE Lee Williams, DT George Achica, DE Fletcher Jenkins, DE Ben Rudolph DT Eddie Weaver,DE Dennis Edwards, DE Ray Cattage, DE Rich Dimler OLB Ken Norton Jr., OLB Eric Scoggins, MLB Howard Carson,MLB Marvcus Patton LB Danny Rich LB Sam Norris CB Darryl Henley CB Wymon Henderson, CB John Hendy CB Tyrone Justin FS/CB Mike Fox SS Tim McDonald P Jeff Partridge K Tony Zendejas,
Memphis- QB Warren Moon, QB Jeff Francis, WR Derek Holloway WR/KR Derrick Crawford, WR Greg Moser, WR Alexander Wright, WR Sam Graddy, WR Ted Wilson, WR Gizmo Williams RB John Stephens FB Cornelius Quarles, TE Keli McGregor T Richard Cooper, RG Myke Horton G Bill Mayo DE Anthony Pleasant, DE Calvin Clark DT Reggie White, OLB Kenny Tippins LB Rod Shoate, LB Mike Brewington MLB Chris Gaines CB Mossy Cade CB Leonard Coleman CB mike thomas DB Terry Love FS Vic Minor SS Barney Bussey P Jimmy Colquitt K Alan Duncan
Miami – QB Vinny Tesreverde, RB Rodney Hampton, RB/PR/KR Eric Robinson FB Dwayne Crutchfield, WR Michael Irvin, WR Eddie Brown, WR/KR Mike Harris WR Greg Taylor, WR Ricky Simmons WR Elmer Bailey TE Willie Smith TE Bob Niziolek LT Joel Patten RT Jeff Seevy RT/RG Dave Pacella RG Ed Fulton C/G Brian Musselman C Tony Loia Vaughn Harman DE Ken Fagan DE Danny Stubbs ,DT Jerome Brown, DT Dan Sileo, LDT Bennie Smith OLB Winston Moss LB Jon McVeigh MLB George Mira MLB Mike Muller CB Jeff Brown CB Reggie Sutton FS Bennie Blades SS Mike Guess P Jeff Feagles K Jeff Brockhaus
Michigan – QB Jim Harbaugh, QB Jim Karasatos, RB Lorenzo White, FB Albert Bentley,WR Andre Rison, WR Chris Carter, WR Anthony Allen, TE Eric Kattus TE Mike Cobb,TE Donnie Echols T Chris Godfrey, T Ken Dallafior,G Tyrone McGriff, C Wayne Radloff,C/G George Lilja, DE Al ‘Bubba’ Baker,DE Mark Messner, DE Matt Vanderbeek DT/NT David Tipton DT Mike Hammerstein DT/DE Allen Hughes MLB Percy Snow, LB Mike Mallory, OLB Bobby Abrams, DE/OLB John Corker, CB Clarence Chapman,CB Brad Cochran CB Vito McKeever CB Oliver Davis CB Ron Osborne FS Garland Rivers S Harlon Barnett P Jeff Gossett K Novo Bojovich
Milwaukee - QB John Friesz, QB Bob Lane, RB Anthony Thompson WR/KR Mike Bellamy, WR Jaime Holland G Kirk Scrafford DT Greg Feilds & DT Paul Hanna OLB Angelo Snipes OLB Kyle Borland ILB Ray Bentley, ILB Robert Pennywell CB Mike McGruder, S Tim Hauk S Pat Eilers,DB Sonny Gordon, SS David Greenwood
New Jersey - QB Don McPherson, QB Whit Taylor, QB Jason Garrett, RB Barry Sanders, RB Kirby Warren, RB Judd Garrett, WR Brett Perriman, WR Bernard Ford, WR Tommy Kane, T Jumbo Elliot, T Paul Gruber, DE Rob Burnett, LB Terry Wooden, FS Marcus Paul
New Orleans- QB Reggie Collier, QB David Woodley, QB Tommy Hodson,QB Clemente Gordon, QB Matt Stevens, RB Buford Jordan, RB Marcus DuPree, RB Anthony Steels, WR Trumaine Johnson, WR Jerry Gordon, WR Ron Johnson WR Mardye Mcdole TE Sam Bowers T Broderick Thompson T Randy Theiss G Louis Oubre G Terry Crouch DT Jerald Bayless, DT Henry Thomas DT Jeff Gaylord, DT Larry McClain, DE Darryl Wilkerson DE Larry White NT Jerry Ball NT Oudious Lee OLB Micheal Brooks OLB Erick Krumerow KB ray phillips CB Otis Smith CB Lyndell Jones FS Greg Jackson SS Leroy Butler S Charles Harbison S Tim Smith P Dario Casarino, K Tim Mazzetti
New York - QB Steve Young, QB Mike Shula,QB Tom Ehrhardt, RB Robert Drummond, RB Dwight Sullivan RB Kelvin Farmer, FB Maurice Carthon,WR Rob Carpenter, WR Scott Schwedes,WR John Garrett, WR Clarence Collins WR Walter Broughton WR Tom McConnaughey WR Charlie Smith, TE Gordon Hudson, TE Brian Forster G Billy Ard, C Kent Hull, DE James Lockette, DE Ray Seals, DE Ricky Williamson, DE Freddie Gilbert DT Tom Woodland, NT Ted Gregory LB Jim LeClair, LB Mike Weddington CB Kerry Justin,CB Mike Williams CB Terry Daniels S Gregg Johnson DB Tony Thurman P Rick Partridge K Roger Ruzek
Oakland- QB Mike Perez, QB John Paye, QB Troy Taylor RB Eric Jordan,RB Tim Spencer, RB/KR Elmer James FB Brad Muster WR Gordon Banks, WR Ken Margerum, WR Lew Barnes WR Kevin Williams, TE Eric Green, TE Brian Williams, LT Gary Zimmerman, RT Mark Treynowicz T Ricky Siglar, G Gerry Raymond,G Mickey Marvin G Tracy Franz, G Jim Leonard C Roger Levasa DE Bruce Thornton, WDE Dave Browning, SDE Greg Feilds,DE Brad Anae, DT Monte Bennett,DE/DT Bruce Thornton,DE/NT Mark Buben DT Brad Smith, OLB Dave Wyman, OLB David Shaw OLB Tim Lucas, ILB Gary Plummer LB Tony Caldwell OLB Mark Stewart RCB Deion Sanders LCB Mark Collins,CB Derrick Martin,FS Tommy Wilcox FS Frank Duncan, SS Marcus Quinn, P Stan Talley, K Sandro Vitiello
Oklahoma – QB Doug Williams, QB Mike Gundy, RB Thurman Thomas, RB Allen Pinkett, RB Spencer Tillman, FB Ken Lacy, FB Ted Sample, FB Jim Stone, WR Al Williams, WR Kris Haines, WR Lonnie Turner,WR Derrick Sheppard, TE Keith Jackson, TE Ron Wheeler, LT Joe Levellis T Mike Perino, RT Jim Bob Lamb,G David Huffman, G Tom Thayer, C Brian Williams C Mark Fischer, DE Leslie O'Neal DE Bob Clasby, NT Tony Casillas, OLB Kevin Murphy ILB Britt Hager ILB Dante Jones ILB Terry Beeson, LB Vic Koenning, LB Tony Furjanic CB Peter Raeford,CB Rock Richmond, CB Barry Copeland, CB Roney McMillan CB Lee Wilson DB Rod Brown SS Herb Williams, S/PR Tim Gordon P Case DeBrujin, K Luis Zendejas
Orlando - QB Steve Walsh, QB Kerwin Bell, QB Roy Dewalt RB Emmitt Smith, RB Buford McGee, RB Scott Stamper, RB Earl Gant, RB Nuu Faaola, FB Cedric Smith, FB LaRue Harrington FB Leon Perry TE Mike Mularky,WR Ricky Simmons WR Elmer Bailey T Ed Muransky, G Vernice Smith, DE Bill Hawkins, DE Willis Peguese, DE Bob Cobb DE/NT Richard Tharpe DT Jimmie Jones, DT Kevin Kellin DT Gurnest Brown LOLB Darnell Dailey ROLB Joe Hines MLB Paul McGowan,LB Ken Kelley CB Trent Bryant CB Willie Holley FS Victor Jackson SS Jarvis Williams P Rick Tuten & The Frozen Fifteen.
Philadelphia- QB Todd Blackledge, QB Jim Crocicchia, HB Paul Palmer, RB Allen Harvin, RB Kelvin Bryant, FB David Riley WR Hart Lee Dykes WR Scott Fitzkee, WR Willie Collier WR Tom Donovan TE Ken Dunek TE Steve Folsom RT Irv Eatman, RG Chuck Commiskey, C Bart Oates, LG George Gilbert LT Mike McClearn D Bill Dugan NT Pete Kugler, DE William Fuller, DE John Walker, DE/DT Willie Rosborough ILB Shane Conlan, ILB Glenn Howard, OLB John Bunting OLB George Cooper LB John Brooks CB Garcia Lane,CB Ben Smith, CB John Sutton CB/S Roger Jackson FS Mike Lush, S Scott Woerner, SS Antonio Gibson P Sean Landeta, K David Trout
Pittsburgh- QB Vince Evans, QB Major Harris, HB Mike Rozier, HB Walter Holman,HB Reggie Taylor, RB/KR/PR Mel Grey FB Amos Lawrence WR Greg Anderson, WR Julius Dawkins, TE Joey Hackett LT Don Maggs RT Tom Ricketts LG Corbin C Correal RG Lukens RT Feilds OL Emil Boures LDE Sam Clancy DE Marc Spindler,RDE Tony Woods DE Doug Hollie DT Tony Siragusa DT Ken Times, DT Mike Morgan, DT Dennis Puha, LDT David Graham RDT Dombrowski DE Ike Griffin NT Laval Short LOLB Rich D'Amico ROLB Ezekial Gadsen LB Mike McKibben MLB Brian Bosworth, MLB Jerry Olsavsky, MLB Jethro Franklin LB Craig Walls CB Jerry Holmes,CB Gary Richard, DB Duffy Cobbs P Larry Swider K Tony Lee
Portland- QB Gary Hogeboom,QB Steve Beurlein,RB Derrick Loville, RB Curtis Bledsoe, RB Otis Brown, WR Erick Affholteras,WR/KR Cornell Burbage,C Bair Bush, DE Dennis Brown, DL Robert Banks,DE Brad Anae, DE Junior Filiaga, LB Junior Seau, LB Filipo Mokofisi, DB Ben Jessie P Bryan Barker
Sacramento- QB David Archer,QB Tom Ramsey,RB Mike Pringle, FB Derek Hughes,WR Neil Balholm,WR Kelvin Edwards,TE Thornton Chandler DE Dan Owens, DE Simon Fletcher, LB Ken Rose,OLB Ron Burton, OLB Gary Cobb, CB Lorenzo Lynch,CB Lemuel Stinson DB Billy Owens DB Gordon Bunch,
San Antonio - QB Craig Penrose, QB Billy Joe Tolliver,QB Kevin Sweeney, RB James Gray, RB/SB/KR/PR Eric Metcalf, RB Heath Sherman, RB/SB/KR/PR Johnny Bailey, FB Timmy Newsome, RB/SB Andrew Lazarus, FB Timmy Newsome FB/RB Bill Jones WR Anthony Carter, WR Ray Alexander, WR James Maness WR Tyrone Thurman, WR Rod Barksdale, TE Dan Sharp TE Doug Cosbie LT Daryle Smith T Newt Harrell, C Paul Jetton, SDE Kevin Brooks DE Ken Gillen, NT Artis Jackson, DT John Randle, MLB Chris Speilman, DLB James Francis LB Tracy Simien, LB Jeff Rorher LB John Barefeild, CB Everson Walls CB John Booty CB Eric Everrett CB Ron Fellows CB A.J. Johnson, and FS Michael Downs, FS John Hagy, P Lee Williams K Jeff Ward
Tampa Bay – QB Chuck Long QB Jimmy Jordan, QB Chip Ferguson RB Dexter Carter, RB Greg Allen FB Craig Heyward FB Greg Boone,WR Larry Brodsky, WR Eric Truvillion WR Willie Gillespie WR Chris Castor TE Marvin Harvey, LT Dan Fike, RT Reggie Smith LG Chuck Pitcock RG Nate Newton C Chris Foote DE Mike Butler DE Don Feilder DE Walter Carter, NT Fred Nordgren, DT Mike Clark DE Jim Ramey ROLB Alonzo Johnson LOLB James Harrell, MLB Kelley Kirchbaum MLB Fred McAllister CB Jeff George,CB Warren Hanna, FS Zac Henderson SS Louis Oliver SS Blaine Anderson DB Alvin Bailey DB Doug Beaudoin P/K Zenon Andrusyshyn
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