CALIFICACIÓN PERSONAL: 6.5 / 10
Título Original: Битва за Севастополь AKA Battle of Sevastopol
Año: 2015
Duración: 110 min
País: Ucrania
Dirección: Sergey Mokritskiy
Guion: Maksim Budarin, Maksim Dankevich, Leonid Korin, Egor Olesov
Música: Evgueni Galperine
Fotografía: S / D
Reparto: Yuliya Peresild, Yevgeni Tsyganov, Joan Blackham, Anatoliy Kot, Oleg Vasilkov, Nikita Tarasov, Stanislav Boklan, Sergey Anashkin, Natella Abeleva-Taganova, Polina Pakhomova
Productora: Coproducción Ucrania-Rusia;
Género: Action; Drama; Biography
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4084744/
TRAILER:
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Cement and Sugar: Architecton & Architecture at the Berlin International Film Festival
At a lively press conference in Berlin on the morning of Monday, February 19, 2024, the makers of the documentary film Architecton faced questions from international media. Architecton is in competition for this year's Golden Bear award for best film.
Image: The Berlin International Film Festival's red carpet, at the Berlinale Palast, on February 17, 2024. Photograph by me. License: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 DEED)
Architecton Itself
Viktor Kossakovsky's film explores the international popularity, but also the pitfalls, of concrete and its component cement as building materials.
These pitfalls were vividly evident when earthquakes struck Turkey and Syria one year ago, reducing buildings to rubble.
In contrast, according to publicity materials, the film takes the viewer to ancient sites like Baalbek that used techniques, for example of stonework, that are irreproducible in modern architecture.
These ancient buildings have lasted millennia, their craftsmanship sublime.
Image: Libanon, Baalbek: Tempel; Detailansicht Kapitell. Photographed by Annemarie Schwarzenbach (1908-1942) in the 1930s. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
What did ancient architects and construction workers know that we don't?
*
Evgueni Galperine composed the music for the film. The Leipzig & Berlin-based producer of documentary films Heino Deckert is the producer. Italian architect and designer Michele de Lucci is the main protagonist. All three were available for questions in the Berlinale Palast.
It is not only Deckert who has ties to Germany. Michele de Lucci may be well known for co-designing the Tolomeo lamp in the late 1980s for the Italian firm Artemide. But he has also done projects in Germany, like his interior designs for the Deutsche Bahn in the late 1990s.
In the end, Kossakovsky held forth the most in the group. Wearing a discreetly sized Berlinale pin, in the colours of Ukraine's flag, on a grey suit, he took the moderator's hints to keep his answers short smilingly.
He talked enthusiastically about living in Berlin a few years ago.
The Grounds of the Former Tempelhof Airport
Kossakovsky praised Berlin's former airfield Tempelhofer Feld as a refuge during his stay, which coincided with Covid lockdowns.
"It was amazing to see that in the middle of Europe, in the middle of Berlin, there is empty space. And knowing the history of this place, Berliners stood up and said: No, don't put any buildings, don't put any skyscrapers, don't put any shopping malls, don't put any fitness centres. Keep it alive. [...] It's a unique place — unique for everyone"
Pressure to build more housing is intense in Berlin's overheated real estate market. The city government is making motions to reopen the question of building apartment buildings on parts of the field.
"I know that behind every politician there are developers, construction people, and they probably will convince us. But please stay strong."
-Viktor Kossakovsky, Berlin film festival press conference on February 19, 2024
Potsdamer Platz
He also criticized the architecture at Potsdamer Platz.
Residential buildings from the pre-war years in Berlin generally reach 7 levels including the ground floor at most. The Brandenburg Gate and the buildings surrounding it are even lower.
So Potsdamer Platz's skyscrapers, built in feverish haste after Germany was reunified in 1989, are described by some Berliners as a misguided attempt to inject slivers of New York City into the landscape.
Kossakovsky described the square as empty "three hundred days a year" — except during the Berlinale in February and the Christmas market in November to December.
Image: Potsdamer Platz, looking down the building valley of Alte Potsdamer Straße, on October 22, 2023. Photograph by the author. All rights reserved.
Concrete as the Modern Go-To
Next, Kossakovsky addressed the Holocaust Memorial in the city centre of Berlin. Stelae (blocks) built of concrete on an undulating ground, construction was finished in 2004. Not yet 20 years later, a large part of it is now crumbling, surrounded by metal security fencing that is an eyesore.
To the film director, in antithesis to the expected role of a memorial to last a long time, the Holocaust memorial exemplifies the short lifespan of modern concrete.
The ancient Romans made concrete in durable materials and techniques that were finally understood in 2017 and 2023 respectively. But the current lifespan of concrete is more like 80 years, he argues.
Fact Check? A construction draughtsman whom this author asked for comment took a different perspective. 40 years may be the standard estimate of durability for concrete (and incidentally also brick) buildings in German planning. But buildings will not inevitably crumble at that point. The draughtsman made the analogy that these estimates are like setting a best-before date for salt. If salt is adulterated with other substances that spoil quickly, a best-before date will make sense. But it's not fair to assume that salt will be adulterated. If modern concrete is properly poured and maintained, it could last for a thousand years.
At the same time, Viktor Kossakovsky sees Berlin's architectural landscape as a paradigm for the future of architecture around the world.
Berlin's hastily built residential buildings of the 1950s and 60s, which he characterized as sometimes "ugly," nevertheless reflected a serious purpose: the urgent need to shelter the city's population after the last weeks of World War II left the landscape shattered.
As real estate development is not keeping pace with the projected growth of the world's population, it is likely that around the world we will see much more ad hoc planning. A mixture of "beautiful" and "ugly" areas, like the mixture in Berlin, will become common.
'Harm Architecture'
But, looking beyond Berlin entirely to the world at large, not all shoddy constructions are the result of desperation.
In the last question of the press conference, a reporter asked why the documentary film had failed to name classism and colonialism as the root causes of architecture that harms or even kills residents.
Kossakovsky insisted that the root cause of 'harm architecture' is broader: the human urge to kill. Cannibalism may have finally disappeared this century, a step forward for humanity: but the slaughter of animals, fish, and fellow humans persists.
Message of the Film
The film director may have spoken dismissively of cement and concrete as the foundation of an "insane pandemic of boring architecture."
But the problems go beyond aesthetics and even longevity or quality. The environmental footprint of these building materials is colossal.
Jonathan Watts wrote for the Guardian five years ago that "All the plastic produced over the past 60 years amounts to 8bn tonnes. The cement industry pumps out more than that every two years."
He added, "Concrete is a thirsty behemoth, sucking up almost a 10th of the world’s industrial water use."
Each year, more than 4 billion tonnes of cement are produced, accounting for around 8 per cent of global CO2 emissions.
-Johanna Lehne and Felix Preston in the Executive Summary, "Making Concrete Change: Innovation in Low-carbon Cement and Concrete." Chatham House, 2018. Link (pdf)
Concrete cannot be the answer, as a building material, to housing the world's population of billions.
To end with the words of Viktor Kassakovsky:
"We have to face reality: sugar, cement — they are two drugs of our century."
===
Three Berlinale screenings of Architecton have sold out, but as of midnight on February 20, tickets were still available for 9:15 a.m. on February 21. The film is 98 minutes long.
The first 7 ratings are in on IMDb, for a score of 7.0.
Press conference in full: Berlinale Live 2024: Press Conference "Architecton"
Due diligence/disclaimer: I have not watched the film itself before writing this post.
The post has been amended on March 11, 2024, to reflect that the fencing around Berlin's Holocaust memorial is not a construction fence.
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La Gravité est le 2ème long-métrage de Cédric Ido, après La vie de château, comédie dramatique de 2017, dans laquelle il dirigeait, entre autres, son frère, Jacky Ido. Pour l'écriture de La Gravité, Cédric Ido, qui est aussi acteur (on a pu le voir dans Secrets de famille et Le serpent aux mille coupures), a collaboré avec Mélisa Godet (Comment je suis devenu super-héros) et Jeanne Aptekman (Frères Ennemis, Enquête sur un scandale d'État). En tant que scénariste, Cédric Ido a travaillé sur la série Oussekine et sur le film A la belle étoile sorti en février dernier.
Alors c'est quoi l'histoire ?
Un mystérieux alignement des planètes embrase le ciel et inquiète tous les habitants de la cité. Une bande d’adolescents, Les Ronins, règnent en maîtres sur cette cité, et voient cet évènement planétaire comme la possibilité d’une nouvelle ère. Daniel, Joshua et Christophe, 3 amis d’enfance que le deal et la prison ont séparés, vont devoir s’unir pour affronter ce gang. Après cette nuit-là, où le ciel a viré au rouge sang, plus rien ne sera jamais pareil.
Fiche d'identité
Genre: Drame, Action, Science-Fiction
Sortie: 2023-05-03
Directeur: Evgueni Galperine, David Ungaro, Emma Javaux, Pascale Béraud, Sacha Galperine
Etoiles: Hafsia Herzi, Steve Tientcheu, Olivier Rosemberg, Jean-Baptiste Anoumon, Max Gomis
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