#Food license in Gujarat

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Easy Application & Registration | Fssai Food License

Fssai food license consultant Will help you in obtaining your Food License in India and its Enrollment Process. It is required for a Food Business Operator.

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Easy Application & Registration | Fssai Food License

Fssai food license consultant Will help you in obtaining your Food License in India and its Enrollment Process. It is required for a Food Business Operator. Read more.....

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Easy Application & Registration | Fssai Food License

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India's Thriving Cashew Export Industry: Opportunities and Top Exporters

India has emerged as one of the world’s leading producers and exporters of cashews and cashew-related products, thanks to its favorable climate and skilled workforce. With more than 15% of global cashew exports, India holds the top spot as the world's largest exporter. The cashew export industry in India is a lucrative business venture for entrepreneurs eager to enter the international trade market.

Is the Cashew Export Business Profitable?

Indeed, cashew export from India are highly profitable. However, the profit margin varies depending on several factors. On average, the revenue generated from 1 kg of value-added cashew goods is substantial, making it a promising venture for traders.

According to data, India, the US, and Germany are the top three cashew-importing countries. Cashew nuts are consumed globally, either as sweet or salty snacks or as ingredients in various culinary dishes. The global cashew market size is expected to reach USD 7.82 billion by 2024 and USD 9.20 billion by 2029, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.31% during the forecast period, driven by the rising popularity of healthy food options and increasing health consciousness.

Top 10 Cashew-Producing Countries

India is one of the top cashew producers globally. Here’s a breakdown of the leading cashew-producing countries:

Ivory Coast - 970,000 tonnes

India - 743,000 tonnes

Vietnam - 283,328 tonnes

Indonesia - 170,000 tonnes

Benin - 120,000 tonnes

Burkina Faso - 115,000 tonnes

Guinea-Bissau - 90,000 tonnes

Tanzania - 80,000 tonnes

Mozambique - 70,000 tonnes

Philippines - 65,000 tonnes

India produces over 0.8 million metric tons of cashew nuts annually, with Maharashtra, Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Orissa, West Bengal, and parts of the Northeast being the major cashew-growing states.

Cashew Export Data from India: 2023-24

India's dominance in the global cashew market is evident from its export statistics. According to cashew export data 2023, India exported 65,808.42 metric tons of cashews, valued at approximately USD 356 million. However, there was a slight decline in export value from USD 290.95 million in 2022 to USD 282.54 million in 2023.

The top export destinations for Indian cashews include the United Arab Emirates, Japan, and the Netherlands. The UAE was the largest buyer, accounting for USD 127 million in 2022-2023, representing 34.9% of total exports. The Netherlands and Japan also featured among the top three importers of Indian cashews, each accounting for 10% of exports.

Top Cashew Nut Exporting Countries

India remains the largest exporter of cashews, with an export value of USD 356.6 million. Other major cashew-exporting countries include:

Netherlands - USD 253.3 million

Germany - USD 213.3 million

Nigeria - USD 152.6 million

Brazil - USD 68.6 million

Ghana - USD 31.0 million

Turkey - USD 24.6 million

Benin - USD 21.8 million

Mozambique - USD 20.4 million

Tanzania - USD 18.6 million

Top Cashew Exporters in India

India boasts some of the largest cashew exporters in the world. Here are the top 10 cashew exporters in India:

Griva Enterprise - Gujarat

Yesraj Enterprises - Maharashtra

Sahyadri Cashew Processors - Karnataka

Virendra Haribhai Pansara - Gujarat

Puduvai Exports - Puducherry

Andalan Shakti Private Limited - Gujarat

Saa Vishnu Bakers Private Limited - Jharkhand

Amirtham Enterprises Private Limited - Tamil Nadu

Nayan Enterprises - Rajasthan

M. Madhavaraya Prabhu - Karnataka

These companies represent the best in India's cashew export industry, ensuring that the country maintains its strong position in the global market.

How to Start a Cashew Export Business from India

To establish a successful cashew export business in India, you need several documents, including export documentation, an export license, a certificate of origin, and an FSSAI food license. Here are the essential steps to get started:

Business Registration: Register your business with the appropriate legal structure and ensure compliance with India’s tax regulations.

Market Research: Conduct thorough market research to understand the nature and qualities of the product. Understanding the market is crucial for success in the cashew export business.

Find Buyers or Distributors: Identifying reliable buyers or distributors is critical. Platforms like Seair Exim Solutions offer valuable insights and data on cashew export trends, helping you connect with potential trading partners.

Conclusion

The cashew export industry in India offers numerous opportunities for traders, farmers, and entrepreneurs. The industry is well-positioned for continued growth with the right approach, focusing on quality, and leveraging government support. Platforms like Seair Exim Solutions provide up-to-date trade data, making it easier to navigate the market and succeed in the global cashew trade.

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Ahmedabad to Rajkot with Rakesh Rajdev: Your Ultimate Road Trip Guide!

Are you planning a road trip from Ahmedabad to Rajkot? Look no further, for we have the perfect guide for your journey. Whether you're a seasoned traveler or a newbie to the road, this blog will provide you with valuable insights, tips, and a dash of local expertise. Plus, who better to be your virtual companion on this journey than the local expert, Rakesh Rajdev, who will guide you through this exciting road trip of approximately 215 kilometers, taking around 4 hours and 15 minutes. So, fasten your seatbelts, and let's hit the road!

The Route: Ahmedabad to Rajkot

Before you embark on your journey, it's crucial to understand the route and the best way to reach your destination. The drive from Ahmedabad to Rajkot takes you through Gujarat's picturesque landscapes and charming towns, offering you a taste of the region's culture and heritage.

**Distance:** Approximately 215 kilometers 

**Estimated Driving Time:** About 4 hours and 15 minutes

**Route:** Ahmedabad – Nadiad – Anand – Vadodara – Chotila – Rajkot

The Road Ahead: What to Expect

The Ahmedabad to Rajkot route is known for its well-maintained highways, making it a smooth and comfortable drive. Here's what you can expect on the road:

1. **Highways:** The journey primarily involves driving on National Highway 47 (NH47) and National Highway 27 (NH27), which are known for their excellent road conditions. These highways are part of the Golden Quadrilateral project, connecting major cities across India.

2. **Toll Booths:** You'll encounter several toll booths along the way, so it's advisable to carry some cash or use electronic payment methods like FASTag for a seamless experience.

3. **Rest Stops:** There are plenty of rest stops, restaurants, and fuel stations on the route, allowing you to refuel, grab a bite to eat, and take breaks as needed.

The Road Trip Essentials

1. **Vehicle Check-Up:**

Before you hit the road, ensure that your vehicle is in top condition. It's advisable to have a professional mechanic inspect your vehicle for any potential issues. Check the engine, brakes, tires, and other essential components to guarantee a safe and smooth journey.

2. **Packing List:**

Prepare a checklist of essential items you'll need for the trip:

 **Important Documents:** Carry your driver's license, vehicle registration, insurance, and any necessary permits.

 **First Aid Kit:** A basic first aid kit with essential medical supplies can be a lifesaver.

 **Emergency Tools: ** Include items like a spare tire, jack, wrench, and jumper cables.

**Navigation and Communication:** GPS or a map, mobile phone with a car charger.

 **Entertainment: ** Music, podcasts, or audiobooks for a more enjoyable drive.

**Refreshments: ** Carry water, snacks, and a cooler if you plan to have perishable items.

**Cash and Cards: ** Ensure you have sufficient funds for toll booths, food, and emergencies.

3. **Safety First: **

- Seatbelts:Always wear your seatbelt, and ensure that all passengers do the same.

- Speed Limits: Observe speed limits and drive at a safe and comfortable pace.

- Breaks:Take regular breaks to rest, stretch, and stay alert.

- Weather Check: Keep an eye on weather conditions before your trip and during the drive.

- Emergency Numbers: Save important numbers, including local authorities and emergency services, in your phone.

Exploring the Journey with Rakesh Rajdev

The journey from Ahmedabad to Rajkot is not just about reaching your destination; it's an opportunity to explore the scenic beauty, culture, and hidden gems of Gujarat. As your virtual guide, Rakesh Rajdev will help you make the most of your road trip.

1. Nadiad: The Pitstop

Approximately 47 kilometers from Ahmedabad, Nadiad is an excellent place for a quick pitstop. Rakesh Rajdev suggests you visit the renowned Santram Mandir, known for its architectural beauty and spiritual significance. You can also savor some local snacks at one of the city's popular eateries.

2. Anand: The Land of Milk and Honey

Your journey continues to Anand, located about 64 kilometers from Ahmedabad. Anand is famous for the Amul Dairy, one of the largest milk cooperatives in the world. While in Anand, Rakesh Rajdev recommends visiting the Amul Dairy Museum to learn about the dairy industry's history and impact on the region.

3. Vadodara: The Cultural Hub

At a distance of approximately 104 kilometers from Ahmedabad, Vadodara is a city steeped in culture and history. Rakesh Rajdev suggests a visit to the Laxmi Vilas Palace, one of the grandest palaces in India. This architectural marvel is sure to leave you in awe.

4. Chotila: Spiritual Pause

As you drive about 155 kilometers from Ahmedabad, you'll come across Chotila. Rakesh Rajdev recommends a stop at the Chotila Temple, dedicated to Chamunda Mata. The temple offers breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, making it an ideal place for some stunning photographs.

5. Rajkot: The Final Destination

After approximately 215 kilometers of scenic beauty and cultural exploration, you'll finally arrive in Rajkot. Rakesh Rajdev is the perfect guide to introduce you to the city's attractions and hidden gems. Rajkot, the heart of Saurashtra, has a rich history, vibrant markets, and a lively culture waiting to be explored.

Exploring Rajkot with Rakesh Rajdev

Upon reaching Rajkot, your journey is far from over. Now it's time to delve into the city's unique charm with the guidance of our local expert, Rakesh Rajdev.

1. Kaba Gandhi No Delo: Gandhi's Ancestral Home

Start your Rajkot exploration with a visit to Kaba Gandhi No Delo, the ancestral home of Mahatma Gandhi. Rakesh Rajdev can guide you through the life and times of the Father of the Nation, offering insights into his early years spent in Rajkot.

Kaba Gandhi No Delo is not just a house; it's a slice of history where Mahatma Gandhi spent his formative years. The home-turned-museum showcases his belongings, photographs, and letters, giving visitors a glimpse into the life of this great leader. Rakesh Rajdev can provide you with detailed accounts of Mahatma Gandhi's time in Rajkot and the impact of his teachings on the city.

2. Watson Museum: A Glimpse into History and Art

Delve into Rajkot's history and art at the Watson Museum. Rakesh Rajdev can provide you with a detailed understanding of the museum's collections, which include artifacts from various periods, including the colonial era.

The Watson Museum is a treasure trove of historical artifacts, paintings, and sculptures that provide valuable insights into Rajkot's past. Rakesh Rajdev's expertise

 can guide you through the exhibits, explaining the historical significance of each piece and how it fits into the broader narrative of Rajkot's history.

3. Rajkot's Step Wells: Architectural Marvels

Take a leisurely stroll through the city to explore some of Rajkot's historic step wells. These architectural marvels, often overlooked by tourists, are brought to life through Rakesh's narration.

The step wells of Rajkot are a testament to the city's rich architectural heritage. Rakesh Rajdev can introduce you to these unique structures, sharing the stories behind their construction and their role in the daily lives of Rajkot's residents.

4. Mohan's Masala Chai: A Taste of Rajkot

As the day progresses, take a break and enjoy the flavors of Rajkot with a cup of masala chai from Mohan's, a local tea stall that Rakesh Rajdev highly recommends.

Mohan's is not just any tea stall; it's a Rajkot institution known for its delicious masala chai. Rakesh Rajdev's suggestion to visit Mohan's adds a local touch to your experience, allowing you to savor the flavors and aroma of authentic Rajkot street food.

5. Aji Dam: A Peaceful Retreat

To wrap up the day, Rakesh can take you to Aji Dam, a serene spot on the outskirts of Rajkot. It's a great place to relax and enjoy the tranquility that this beautiful reservoir offers.

Aji Dam is an ideal place to unwind and connect with nature. Rakesh Rajdev can share its history and its significance as a recreational spot for both locals and visitors. The scenic beauty and peaceful surroundings make it the perfect spot to end your day in Rajkot.

Rakesh Rajdev: A Passion for Preserving Rajkot's Heritage

Rakesh Rajdev's commitment to Rajkot's history is not limited to guided tours. He is also actively involved in various preservation projects and cultural events. His efforts have contributed to the restoration of heritage sites, the documentation of local folklore, and the promotion of Rajkot's traditional arts.

Rakesh's love for Rajkot extends beyond the weekends, and he encourages travelers to explore the city's lesser-known gems. His knowledge and passion for the city make him a valuable resource for anyone looking to delve deeper into Rajkot's rich tapestry of culture and history.

The Future of Rajkot Tourism with Rakesh Rajdev

Rakesh Rajdev envisions a future for Rajkot that combines modernity with a deep-rooted connection to its history. He hopes to see more tourists appreciating the city's heritage and supporting local initiatives for preservation. His long-term goals include expanding his guided tours to accommodate a wider audience and establishing a Rajkot Heritage Foundation to sustain the city's cultural legacy.

In Conclusion

Exploring Rajkot on the weekend with Rakesh Rajdev is not just a tour; it's an opportunity to unravel the layers of history, culture, and tradition that define this charming city. Rakesh's dedication to preserving Rajkot's heritage, coupled with his passion for sharing its stories, ensures that your visit will be both educational and enjoyable. Whether you're a history buff or a casual traveler, experiencing Rajkot with Rakesh Rajdev is an enriching and unforgettable journey.

So, pack your bags, and embark on a weekend adventure from Ahmedabad to Rajkot with the city's most trusted guide, Rakesh Rajdev, as your companion. The journey itself is an adventure, and the destination holds a wealth of history, culture, and beauty waiting to be discovered. Enjoy the drive, explore the city, and make memories that will last a lifetime. Happy travels!

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Navigating Regulatory Excellence: Your Trusted FSSAI License Consultant in Gujarat & Premier Nanoparticle Supplier

Introduction

In today's dynamic business landscape, where regulatory compliance and innovative solutions intertwine, partnering with the right experts can make all the difference. For FTI Incorporation, ensuring both regulatory adherence and sourcing cutting-edge materials like nanoparticles is paramount. As a distinguished FSSAI License Consultant in Gujarat and a premier nanoparticle supplier, we take you on a journey through regulatory excellence and technological innovation.

Your Regulatory Guide: FSSAI License Consultant in Gujarat

Obtaining the necessary licenses and approvals from regulatory bodies is a cornerstone of responsible business operations. As a Gujarat-based enterprise, FTI Incorporation understands the nuances of local regulations.

Our role as a trusted FSSAI license consultant extends beyond paperwork; we're your partners in navigating the complex landscape of food safety regulations. From ensuring hygiene standards to compliance with labelling requirements, we stand by you throughout the process.

Our experienced consultants streamline the licensing process, keeping you informed about the latest updates and changes in FSSAI regulations. We not only help you obtain the license but also provide insights to maintain compliance seamlessly, safeguarding your reputation and consumer trust.

Pioneering Nanoparticle Solutions: Your Partner in Innovation

In the realm of cutting-edge technology, nanoparticles have emerged as game-changers across industries. As a premier Nanoparticle Supplier, FTI Incorporation empowers you with access to these revolutionary materials. Nanoparticles bring forth a multitude of benefits, from enhancing product properties to enabling breakthroughs in medicine and electronics.

Our commitment to innovation is mirrored in our rigorous selection of nanoparticle suppliers. We collaborate with pioneers in nanotechnology to ensure that you receive top-tier products that align with your specific needs. Whether it's improving drug delivery systems or revolutionizing solar panels, our nanoparticle solutions open new avenues for your business.

Synergy of Expertise: Uniting FSSAI Compliance and Nanotechnology

FTI Incorporation doesn't merely operate within separate spheres of regulatory consulting and nanoparticle supply; we seamlessly integrate our expertise to offer comprehensive solutions. Imagine a scenario where your innovative product not only meets regulatory standards but also incorporates cutting-edge nanoparticle enhancements. This synergy is where we shine.

Our multidisciplinary team combines regulatory experts and technical specialists, offering you a holistic approach. We understand that regulatory compliance doesn't have to be a roadblock to innovation. Instead, it can be a stepping stone to differentiate your products in the market.

Conclusion

FTI Incorporation stands as a beacon of excellence in both regulatory compliance and technological innovation. As your trusted FSSAI license consultant in Gujarat, we guide you through the labyrinth of food safety regulations, ensuring your business is compliant and reputable. Simultaneously, as a premier nanoparticle supplier, we provide you with the tools to push the boundaries of innovation and product enhancement.

Embrace the seamless integration of expertise, where FSSAI compliance and nanotechnology unite. FTI Incorporation is not just a partner; we're the catalyst that propels your business towards a future that's both compliant and innovative. Contact us today to embark on this transformative journey.

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Find Out How Rakesh Rajdev Celebrated Navrati This Year

Rakesh Rajdev – Have you heard about this name? If you are in India, especially in North India then you would have known about it. He is a famous businessman as well as a philanthropist. Rakesh Bhai Rajdev has helped countless families to lead better lives.

One of the recent celebrations was during the Navratri. Rakesh Bhai Rajdev and his family celebrated it in a unique way.

In India, Hindus regard the festival of Navratri with great significance and this festival is celebrated in various ways throughout India. But the dates of this particular festival change somewhat each and every year according to the Hindu Lunar calendar. The festival always starts on Pratipada, the first day of the Hindu Month Chaitra (March/April) and again in the Sharad (September/October).

What Is Special About The Festival Navratri?

Navratri is one of the special festivals for all the Hindus. During Navratri, nine goddesses are worshipped over nine days. The word Nava means nine and Ratri means night. This explains the nine nights of festivals. One of the most important features of the festival is the practice of charity.

People such as Rakesh Rajdev – who is an active social worker do a tremendous amount of charity work among those who are less fortunate. He along with her wife Rupalben Rajdev supports countless families and people. Both of them are from Rajkot district of Gujarat.

Rakesh is running a famous three-star hotel namely Roma Kristo Hotel located in Dwarka. Also, he is the founder of three companies namely APM Capital, APM Bullion and APM Intl DMCC. These are trading companies, where one can trade precious metals and buy physical precious metals such as gold and silver and get them delivered to their location.

Recently he also started a luxurious five-star hotel located in Batumi in Georgia namely Courtyard by Marriott. It is operated under a license agreement from Marriott International, Inc.

The Rajdev family run a charity and social welfare organization namely KanudaMitra Mandal. With this NGO, they have supported and supported several families. This family did a wonderful job of organizing special events for small children during the Navratri.

For the young girls, they organized this special event so that they can enjoy their time. The couple planned an exciting day at the Fun World amusement park in Rajkot. They invited thousands of small kids who don’t have proper financial support to enjoy their time in such places.

To support the children’s education, Rakesh Rajdev and his family offered educational kits which contains school bags, water bottles, notebooks, lunch boxes and many more. Also, he arranged snacks and food for the children so that they can enjoy their time.

During the event at the amusement park, the kids loved every minute of enjoying the time. They did the traditional Garba dance in response to the DJ’s music. It is a symbolic dance that celebrates the feminine form of divinity. The girls were in a circle around a clay lantern and the dance was performed by them.

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Car hire in Surat at discounted rates

Surat is a city in the state of Gujarat, India, known for its textile and diamond industries, as well as its historical landmarks and scenic spots. If you’re planning to visit Surat and explore the city, you can consider car hire in Surat with Chiku Cab for your transportation needs. Chiku Cab has budget-friendly options to luxury cars, depending on your preference and budget. Car hire in Surat with us can be a convenient and cost-effective way to explore the city and its surroundings. Do check our clients' reviews and compare our prices with others before finalizing your booking. We can assure you of the best deals and discounts for your ride.

Advantages to book a cab with Chiku Cab

Booking a cab in Surat with Chiku Cab, can be a convenient and hassle-free way to get around the city, as you don’t have to worry about driving or navigating through unfamiliar roads or traffic.

Depending on your travel plans and itinerary, booking a cab in Surat can be more cost-effective than owning or renting a car. You only pay for the ride or distance you cover, without having to worry about parking, fuel costs, or maintenance.

Our car rental in Surat is safe and reliable, as they are licensed and regulated by the government. We have a good reputation and reviews for providing safe and comfortable rides.

Fully air-conditioned cabs

Our air-conditioned cabs are vehicles that are equipped with an air conditioning system that can cool and dehumidify the air inside the car, providing a comfortable and pleasant ride, especially in hot and humid weather conditions. Air-conditioned cabs are also a popular choice for travelers who want to avoid the heat and pollution of the outdoors, or who have medical conditions that require a cool and clean environment. Most air-conditioned cabs are equipped with modern and efficient cooling systems that can adjust the temperature and humidity levels inside the car based on the passenger’s preference or weather conditions.

Explore nearby places with outstation cabs

Vadodara: Vadodara, also known as Baroda, is a city located about 150 km from Surat. It is known for its rich cultural heritage, historical landmarks, and museums.

Daman: Daman is a city located about 110 km from Surat and is known for its scenic beaches, Portuguese architecture, and seafood.

Nashik: Nashik is a city located about 250 km from Surat and is known for its vineyards, temples, and picturesque landscapes.

Ahmedabad: Ahmedabad is a city located about 260 km from Surat and is known for its rich history, culture, and cuisine.

Mumbai: Mumbai, also known as the “City of Dreams,” is a bustling metropolis located about 280 km from Surat. It is known for its vibrant culture, historical landmarks, and entertainment industry.

Smart city Surat

Surat is one of the fastest-growing cities in India and has been selected as one of the Smart Cities under the Indian Government’s Smart Cities Mission. The Smart Cities Mission is a nationwide program aimed at developing 100 cities in India into smart and sustainable cities, using technology and innovation to improve the quality of life of citizens. Today, Surat is a modern and cosmopolitan city that is home to a diverse population of people from different cultures and backgrounds. Surat is known for its vibrant street food culture, with a wide variety of delicious and affordable food options available throughout the city. Car on rent in Surat with Chiku Cab will help you to explore this smart city in a better way.

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Fssai license consultant : ND Business Centre

Fssai license consultant : ND Business Centre

ND Business Centre · 316, Sakar-7, Ashram Rd, Usmanpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009

Visit At : https://goo.gl/maps/Lw4UamH5UEoU72tMA

About Us

We Nd Business Centre, situated at Ashram Road, Ahmedabad,Gujarat have the hands-on experience and expertise to effectively coach your organization and to correctly interpret the quality standard for your particular application. We have worked hand-in-hand with a wide variety of clients. We work with only the most reputable registrars to ensure your certification has the proper national and international recognition for your industry.

Why Us?

Designed for Your Business

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Our Office Address

316, Sakar - 7,Ashram Road, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009

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tarpanparikh@gmail.com

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+91-9879440654

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Mon - Sun : 12:00 PM - 12:00 PM / 12:00 AM - 12:00 AM

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We provide book keeping and accounting services for your debits and credits at cost efficient rates.

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Our expertise lies in providing efficient business services that also includes proficient consultancy service.

Company Registration Consultants

We are engrossed in providing high quality and reliable consultancy services for company registration.

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Avail the contact details of the experts who are simply efficient in rendering financial & legal advises.

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Due to enormous knowledge in this field, we are able to provide best income tax consulting services.

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Being a public company allows a firm to sell shares to investors this is beneficial in raising capital.

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Private limited company is the most prevalent and popular type of corporate legal entity in India.

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Easy Application & Registration | Fssai Food License

Fssai food license consultant Will help you in obtaining your Food License in India and its Enrollment Process. It is required for a Food Business Operator.

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Easy Application & Registration | Fssai Food License

Fssai food license consultant Will help you in obtaining your Food License in India and its Enrollment Process. It is required for a Food Business Operator. Read more........

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Easy Application & Registration | Fssai Food License

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Edible Oil Industry

India Was Stripped of Its Atmanirbharta in the Edible Oil Industry The rise and fall of the biggest importers of edible oil in the world. Nov 04, 2020 | B.M. Vyas and Manu Kaushik A man loads empty containers of edible oil onto a tricycle at a roadside in Kolkata, India, August 27, 2015. Photo: Reuters/Rupak De Chowdhuri

‘Freedom is the greatest fruit of self-sufficiency’

– Epicurus

The COVID-19 pandemic has been detrimental for globalisation and has led to a clamour for protectionism.

India’s national strategy is also in line with this trend with calls for ‘Atmanirbharta’ and ‘vocal for local’ increasing.

Traditionally, India was an exporter of edible oil before Independence, became self-sufficient post-Independence (till the early 1970s), floundered in 1970s and 80s and regained self-sufficiency in the early 90s (1991-94). We are currently the biggest importers in the world!

India imports around US $ 10 billion of edible oil (15 MT) annually which constitutes nearly 70% of our annual edible oil requirement of 23 million tonnes. Thus, whether you eat a roadside samosa, matthi, dosa or chola bhatura, branded biscuit or namkeen, or even aloo puri or sabzi at home, there is almost a 70% chance that it is made using oil which is not from India.

Furthermore, imported palm oil or its derivatives are used as ingredients in soaps, shampoos, shaving creams and other cosmetics too. This is not an industry that comes across as a shining example for ‘atmanirbhar’ India. An analysis of the last five decades will help us understand how we reached here.

From Independence until the mid-1970s, we averaged 95% self-sufficiency in edible oil, except for the war years and its aftermath when self-sufficiency fell down to early 90s in percentage. The cuisine, cropping patterns and climatic conditions had led to the preference of mustard oil in north and east India, coconut oil in south India, groundnut or cottonseed oil in west India, and sesame oil in Rajasthan.

This regional preference for indigenous edible oils had evolved over centuries and had become a part of our culture. In 1973-74, groundnut, mustard and cottonseed oil had a whopping 96% share of the total consumption of edible oils in India. The oil seeds were traditionally extracted by cold pressing and then filtered; a technology suited to small scale processing leading to employment for generations. It also encouraged localised procurement and distribution networks having a smaller carbon footprint. Thus, it was an ecologically sustainable system and a virtuous cycle.

The 1971 India-Pakistan war compounded by the drought in 1972, led to inflation and food shortages. The per capita edible oil availability, which was 5 litres per annum in 1971 fell down to 3.9 litres per annum in 1973 (its 19 litres now). There were acute shortages in milk and consequently ghee. The shortage of oil and ghee combined with slick marketing led to the demand for vanaspati – which was marketed as a healthier alternative to ghee.

Also read: ‘Agriculture and Atmanirbharta’ Is a Noble Vision, but Needs Hard Decisions and Political Consensus

Edible oil was hydrogenated – by adding hydrogen to convert ‘unsaturated’ liquid fats into ‘saturated’ solid fats – and made into vanaspati. The vanaspati thus formed was ghee-like not just in appearance but also had a higher melting point than oil and was thus more suited for deep frying. Dalda was the flagship brand in the industry.

Dalda vegetable ghee. Photo: Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA

This further reduced the edible oil available for consumption as oil per se. Vanaspati consumption essentially took away one fifth of the availability of edible oils during the 1970s-80s. This led to groundnut oil or mustard oil being banned for making vanaspati from 1976-77 to 1987-88, and imported palmolien became the mainstay of the vanaspati industry.

The popularity of vanaspati had a detrimental effect on the growth of domestic edible oils as it pushed the price of edible oil down, making oilseed crop a losing proposition for farmers. Its production stagnated – staying around 10 million tonnes of oilseeds from 1970 to 1986 – while the growing population pushed demand up, forcing the government to import more edible oil. Thus, a vicious cycle was in place.

The public resentment transformed into action on December 20, 1973, when students protested against the hike in their mess bills leading to the Navnirman movement, in Gujarat. This, in turn, inspired Jayaprakash Narayan’s Total Revolution leading to the emergency and the formation of the Janta Party’s Morarji Desai government in 1977. While everyone remembers George Fernandes for having kicked out Coca Cola, the Janta Party government also opened the import gates for edible oil. The 95% reliance on domestic edible oils maintained in the 1960s and 1970s, fell down to 70% during 1977-80.

In 1977, the then finance minister, H.M. Patel – father of Amrita Patel, who later became chairperson of the NDDB – suggested to Dr Verghese Kurien an “Operation Flood” like project for edible oils via a farmers cooperative network based on the Amul model. The objective was self-reliance in edible oils through increased productivity, effective distribution and price stability through Market Intervention Operations (MIO) by NDDB, leading to improved farmer livelihoods. The intent of MIO was to handle 15% of the edible oil produced in the country to manage price fluctuations.

The project was named Operation Golden Flow. Central to the operation was the brand ‘Dhara’, which was created to build a market for the Indian oilseed grower. It was inspired by the wordmark of Dalda in green on a yellow background, the leader in vanaspati. This was a part of the market intervention operation. Dhara was launched in Delhi on August 23, 1988. Dhara pricing was kept low due to economies of scale and blending with the donated oil from CLUSA (Cooperative League of the USA), a strategy taken from the ‘pump priming’ of donated SMP and butter-oil during Operation Flood.

Thus, Dhara brought prices of domestic oil at par with cheaper imported edible oil. NDDB and GCMMF worked as one team and launched several varieties of oil such as filtered and refined mustard oil, cottonseed oil and double filtered groundnut oil. While NDDB handled the cooperatives, procurement and production, GCMMF was the distribution partner. The established Amul distribution network helped launch Dhara in a blitzkrieg. It took the market by storm. By 1991-92, Dhara had achieved sales of 1,32,000 MT pa, which was around 50% of the organised market share.

In a coordinated attempt the then PM Rajiv Gandhi created a Technology Mission on Oilseeds (TMO) in 1986. Headed by Sam Pitroda, it took concrete steps to boost domestic production of edible oils. The area under oilseed cultivation which had stagnated between 15-18 million hectares between 1970-85 increased to 25 million hectares by 1991 and oilseed production which was stuck at around 10 million tonnes (1970-85) went up to 18 million tonnes in this timeframe. India was producing 98% of its edible oil requirement by 1990-91. A true atmanirbhar success story!

Also read: With Palm Oil Expansion, India is Blazing a Trail to a Parched Future

The period between 1990-94 could be considered the golden era of the Indian edible oil industry.

This self-sufficiency continued till the Narsimha Rao government signed the WTO agreement in 1994 and edible oil was put under OGL (Open General License) with 65% duty. By 1998 we were again importing around 30% of our edible oil. We could never foresee then, what was in store in the near future.

A woman works in a field of mustard plants. Photo: Reuters

Under the Vajpayee government, the import duty on edible oil was further reduced to 15% in July 1998 and coincidentally the Argemone adulteration Dropsy case took place in August 1998. Sixty people died and around 3,000 got sick in Delhi and caught the nation’s attention. All of a sudden, all domestic brands selling mustard oil became outcasts and even loose mustard oil was banned. NDDB had to release advertisements to inform consumers not to buy its trusted Dhara Mustard Oil. Out of fear consumers shifted to ‘purer’ aromaless, colourless, tasteless oils or solvent extracted refined oils, as we know them. Over the next few years, that black swan event, led to a shift in the socio-cultural cooking and consumption patterns of edible oil in the country.

Industry followers consider it deliberate sabotage to discredit indigenous and loose oils and promote imports. Mustard oil contaminated with argemone (essentially weed seed contamination) is an ancient occurrence, but adulteration is never more than 1%. In these cases, adulteration was up to 30%, with argemone, diesel and waste oil as contaminants. The adulteration was therefore done in such a way that it would kill, and do so conspicuously and rapidly. Thus, the tragedy was seemingly not a result of the normal business of adulteration.

As the then Delhi health minister Harsh Vardhan stated, this is not possible without an organised conspiracy. NDDB had always faced opposition to Operation Golden Flow since its inception from the local telia rajas, oil kings. Its Bhavnagar Vegetable Products (BVP) plant had suffered eight mysterious fires between 1977-1982 and senior executives like A.A. Cholani and G.M. Jhala suffered serious accidents while travelling. Even now, it appears as if to set an example, the officers of NDDB and GCMMF till date attend court hearings of the dropsy case. While the mill owner from whom the said lot was bought, and was the main accused, was acquitted in 2006 due to lack of evidence.

After this incident, the Vajpayee government imported a controversial consignment of a million tonnes of soybean seeds from the US, previously rejected by the EU. Prices of indigenous oils fell and farmers protests fell on deaf ears. The area under oilseed cultivation started falling as farmers abandoned the crop. The area under mustard cultivation fell from 7.04 million hectares in 1997-98 to 4.5 million hectares in 2003-04. While edible oil imports increased from 2 million tonnes in 1997-98 to 4.5 million tonnes in 1998-99 and five million tonnes in 2002-03.

Men work on palm fruits at a palm oil factory. Photo: Reuters/Thierry Gouegnon/Files

By 2018, 20 years since the dropsy incident, the situation transposed and 70% of edible oil consumed in India was imported. It is primarily palm and soybean oil both non-indigenous to the country, the cuisine and its people. Palm oil in itself is 50% of the oil consumed in India, one of the unhealthiest oils on the planet.

Thus, one single policy decision, and one suspected sabotage, devastated not just the entire domestic oil cooperative network built over 20 years with painstaking effort but also the cropping pattern of the country which had evolved over centuries. Domestic edible oil prices stagnated and all cooperative federations wound up like a pack of cards. Most cooperative oil mills were forced to shut down. Even today some are lying defunct and vacant.

The NDDB and GCMMF parted ways and distribution of Dhara was taken over by NDDB in 2003. The country which had doubled its oil seed production from 108 lakh tonne to 221 lakh tonne in just a decade (1986-96), was left in a lurch. Today, that very country has become the world’s largest importer of vegetable oil, in spite of having the land, the resources, willing farmers, a ready market and the ability to achieve this self-sufficiency earlier!

Also read: Expanding Oil Palm Plantations in the Northeast Could Exact a Long-Term Cost

This vacuum left the door open for the ‘ABCD quartet’– the big four Agri commodity companies of the world – Archer Daniel Midlands (ADM), Bunge, Cargill and Louis Dreyfus and other American multinationals to enter India. Cargill did a JV with Parakh Foods in 2004. Bunge bought over Dalda from HLL in 2003. Conagra bought a majority stake in Agrotech from ITC in 1997 and the brand ‘Rath’ in 2000. ADM’s was one of the earliest ones and its route was through Malaysia. In 1999, Adani did a 50-50 joint venture with Wilmar to launch Fortune Oil, which in turn has Archer Daniel Midlands (ADM) as a shareholder since 1994 (present stake 24.9%). Wilmar International itself faces a lot of criticism from organisations like Greenpeace & Friends of the Earth for deforestation of tropical Indonesian forests. Amnesty international accuses it of using child labour in plantations.

ADM, in the 1990s, was the poster boy of corporate lobbying in America. It’s then CEO Dwayne Andreas was famous for being a political campaign donor for Nixon, Ronald Regan, Bill Clinton, George Bush and Bod Dole. Allegedly his contribution to Nixon’s re-election campaign was the $25,000 found in the possession of the Watergate burglar Bernand Barker. The ADM Board included Howard Buffet (son of Warren Buffet) and Brian Mulroney, former Canadian PM. Yet in 1999, ADM was fined USD 100 million for price fixing in the international lysine market and Dwayne Andreas’s son, Michael Andreas was sentenced to 24 months in prison. ADM also perfected the art of cultivating senior politicians by flying them in ADM corporate jets. Bob Dole, in his 1988 presidential campaign flew ADM corporate jets 29 times. As recently as 2005, Obama flew twice.

Today Adani Wilmar accounts for one-third of the total edible oil imported in India. The early bird does get the worm.

If one parks aside the balance of trade and the self-sufficiency angle, studies have shown that every additional kg of palm oil consumed per capita annually leads to ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality rates of 68 per 100,000 in developing countries. India consumes some 7.2 litres per capita of Palm oil. Just replacing it with indigenous oil shall not just save lives but also reduce overall medical costs in the country. Similarly, soybean oil has also more than its fair share of negative reports on health.

Additionally, when oilseed production grows, the country produces not only edible oil but also oil cakes and extraction which is the raw material for dairy (cattle feed) and poultry industry (poultry feed). When we go for more edible oil imports, we are depriving protein supply to dairy and poultry and have to resort to importing corn and maybe soya eventually. In the end, our agriculture is shifting to other countries and so is rural employment and farmer incomes.

The website of the US Department of State in its Agriculture Policy states that “The office of Agricultural Policy (AGP) boosts prosperity of American farmers and ranchers by opening foreign markets to American farm products, promoting transparent, predictable, and science based regulatory systems overseas; and reducing unnecessary trade barriers around the world.”

While we may debate whether we have been ‘opened’ or not, by dismantling technology missions like the TMO and adopting extra liberal import policies at the cost of rural economy we are certainly not helping our cause. We are satisfying urban consumer demands by imports at the cost of the rural economy, thus leading to rural unemployment and rural migration towards cities in search of ‘labour’ work.

Is the dream of doubling farmers income, going to be achieved by reducing the number of farmers by half?

In the light of this history, we are better placed to evaluate the advice received by the PM from agricultural scientists and economists, which he shared while laying the foundation stone of Manipur Water Supply Project on July 23, 2020, regarding cultivating palm oil in North East. The follies of the last two decades can still be overcome by reverting back to the traditional cropping patterns for oilseeds and promoting traditional edible oil as ingredients for food and non-food FMCG. It will take a missionary zeal and the strategic intent of the government, but the self-sufficiency status-quo ante of 1994 in edible oil can still be achieved. By taking up palm oil plantation in the North Eastern States we will not just accept the LAC as LOC, but as the international border.

Also read: How ‘Dirty’ is India’s Palm Oil and What Should We Do About It?

On January 8, 2020, the India Directorate General of Foreign Trade had put palm oil from the ‘Free’ to ‘Restricted’ List in what appeared to be a reaction to the criticism by the Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammed regarding the Citizenship Amendment Act and India’s action regarding the reading down of Article 370 in Kashmir. Around 40% of the palm oil imported to India, or 17% of the total edible oil consumed, is from Malaysia.

This led to a spike in palm oil prices and consequentially of other edible oils, making their cultivation more appealing. Improved MSP this year also contributed to the cause. The Ministry of Agriculture’s CWWG report as on September 4, 2020, reported that kharif oilseeds cultivation showed a growth of 12% compared to a growth of 6% for all kharif crops. The edible oil industry is resilient and has the potential for being atmanirbhar. The question would remain- do we really want that?

B.M. Vyas is the former managing director of GCMMF Ltd and had been instrumental in the launch of Dhara. Manu Kaushik is a management professional and has also been associated with GCMMF Ltd.

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