#German Language Classes in Punjab

[akshayss]

GERMAN language course duration in Punjab

Join our online GERMAN course for all levels at Classic Language Academy. Learn, speak, and write like an expert with our A1 to C2 level curriculum and get enrolled today! Subscribe for updates & join thousands of happy students.

[rahulsharma25]

The Ultimate Guide to Pursuing a Master's Degree in Germany in 2024

Embarking on the journey to pursue a master's degree is a significant decision, and when it comes to choosing a destination for advanced studies, Germany shines as an exceptional choice. Renowned for its academic rigor, cutting-edge research, and cultural richness, Germany offers a unique experience for those seeking to elevate their education in 2024. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the essential aspects of pursuing a master's degree in Germany, providing insights, tips, and valuable information to make your academic journey seamless and rewarding.

1. Choosing the Right Program:

   Germany boasts a diverse range of master's programs across various disciplines. Begin by researching universities and programs that align with your academic and career goals. Whether it's engineering at RWTH Aachen University, business at Mannheim Business School, or environmental sciences at the University of Freiburg, Germany offers world-class education in virtually every field. For more info visit: Study Abroad consultant in Delhi

2. Understanding Admission Requirements:

   Each university and program may have specific admission requirements. Generally, you'll need a bachelor's degree or an equivalent qualification, proof of language proficiency (usually in English or German), letters of recommendation, and a well-crafted statement of purpose. It's crucial to check the specific requirements of the program you're interested in to ensure a smooth application process. For more info visit: Study Abroad consultant in Noida

3. Language Proficiency:

   While many master's programs in Germany are offered in English, having proficiency in German can enhance your experience, especially if you plan to work or engage in research within the country. Some programs may have language prerequisites, so it's advisable to assess your language skills and consider taking language courses if necessary. For more info visit: Study Abroad consultant in Lucknow

4. Financing Your Education:

   Germany is known for its affordable education, but it's essential to consider living expenses, accommodation, and potential travel costs. Many universities offer scholarships, and there are various external funding options available. Research scholarship opportunities well in advance and plan your budget accordingly. For more info visit: Study Abroad consultant in Ghaziabad

5. Application Process:

   The application process for master's programs in Germany typically involves submitting your academic transcripts, letters of recommendation, a statement of purpose, and proof of language proficiency. Deadlines vary, so be sure to check the application timeline for each university and program. Utilize online platforms like uni-assist or the university's admission portal to submit your application. For more info visit: Study Abroad Consultant In Chandigarh

6. Accommodation and Student Life:

   Securing accommodation is a crucial aspect of your move to Germany. Many universities offer student housing, and there are private options available as well. Familiarize yourself with the student life at your chosen university, explore cultural events, student organizations, and integration programs to make the most of your time in Germany. For more info visit: Study Abroad Consultant In Ahmedabad

7. Post-Graduation Work Opportunities:

   Germany offers post-graduation work opportunities for international students, allowing you to stay and work in the country after completing your master's degree. Research the job market in your field and connect with career services at your university to explore internships and employment opportunities. For more info visit: Study Abroad Consultant In Punjab

Conclusion:

Pursuing a master's degree in Germany in 2024 is a transformative experience that combines academic excellence with cultural immersion. This ultimate guide provides a roadmap to help you navigate the various aspects of your academic journey, from choosing the right program to settling into student life. Seize the opportunity to study in a country that values education, innovation, and cultural diversity, and make 2024 the year you take your academic pursuits to new heights in the heart of Europe.

[smkfuture10]

Why Learning Multiple Languages Is Important for student

There are many benefits to learning additional languages, not least of all broadening your horizons. However, as a student, language learning can seem like one long hurdle that you’ll never overcome in your lifetime. Many students will be away from home for the first time to study at university, and loneliness is sometimes the biggest worry for foreign students. Language barriers only add to this fear, leading students to believe that by not learning a second language, they’re cutting off the risk of being all alone. German Language is one of the famous  language that people wants to learn and can learn for Smk futures, Smk futures language classes is one of the Best German Language Classes in Hoshiarpur.

Increases Creativity

Learning a new language is beneficial for a number of reasons. There’s the boost to your fluency in the second language that you’re learning, and often a boost in your fluency in your first language, or the languages you learned before the one you’re learning now. Each additional language means that you have more words at your dis.

Improves Your Analytical Skills.

Although language learning can benefit those looking to sharpen analytical skills, it can also help you become a more creative thinker in general. For example, language helps your brain build and develop neural pathways, which is essential in achieving creative solutions for tasks. A recent study even revealed that if you have just three months to master a new language, this activity will make you more creative. Learn German from SMK Futures Language Classes they are Best German Language Institute in Hoshiarpur

Develops Your Native Vocabulary          

Developing a foreign vocabulary will help improve your native language. This is because the two languages will build on each other and create new neural pathways to assist you as you learn more. As your vocabulary expands in a new language, it will become easier for you to use words in your native language, thus improving it over time.

Creates Job Security            

Learning multiple languages stimulates cognitive growth. It boosts the brain's ability to retain information, process new words and ideas, recognize patterns, solve problems more creatively and communicate more effectively. Because multilingual individuals are able to form complex networks of trust, they often enjoy numerous benefits in their personal lives as well as their professional lives, such as opportunities for career advancement or international travel.

For more details:-                                    

Contact us at +91-9592547935

Email id – smkfutures@gmail.com

Visit us at – https://www.smkfutureslanguageclasses.com/

[smkfutures]

Top 5 Institutes For German Language Courses in Punjab

Knowledge of German language increases your Job opportunities with different Companies, especially with German and Foreign companies in India and Abroad. Proficiency in the German language helps you to enhance your productivity for an employer with a global business presence. If you are planning to learn foreign languages, then here is the list of top 5 institutes For German Language Courses in Punjab.

1. SMK Futures

If you are planning to attend a German course in Punjab, then SMK is the best-suited places for the German classes. In Punjab, one can find a large number of foreign language learning institutes and coaching centers, but not all are good and authentic. Ranked amongst the top 10 institutes offering German Language courses in Punjab, SMK Futures imparts class-edge education since its inception. It is the leading Online german language classes in Hoshiarpur.

Website: https://www.smkfutureslanguageclasses.com/

Call: 91-9592547935

2. German Language Academy

German Language Academy is also one of the leading German Language classes in Punjab. They promote not only the German language but also its rich cultural heritage. They encourage and present a picturesque of Germany through information about their cultural, political, and social lives.

Call: 91-9780020449

3. Think Germany

The best thing about this institute is that they are very organized. They have set some internationally recognized standards for teaching German to the aspirants. They organize courses at first, after which they develop the study materials for teaching German, and then they educate teachers. After that, they go on to impart the knowledge to the other aspirants who take up the learning programs. They provide the best Online German language classes in Punjab.

Call: 9988330228

4. Language Pantheon

While German is taken into account as a difficult language, this place makes it easier to accomplish this difficult task with a well-established language department. Language Pantheon aims at providing high-quality education for german language to the aspiring students and corporate.

Call: 7827091511

5. NIDS

NIDS's language trainers and editors are not only the German language experts but also teach with the easiest method, and they love the work they do, and they also have impressive qualifications. Ultimately, NIDS's goal is to make the German learning experience fun and engaging. It helps in overall professional and academic growth, thus removing the stress from learning a foreign language.

Call: 9814065760

 For More Details :-

Visit US :- https://www.smkfutureslanguageclasses.com/

[rhyanneee]

World’s Literature

A. Southeast Asia

“All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given us.” ―  J.R.R. Tolkein

Southeast Asia is composed of eleven countries of impressive diversity in religion, culture and history: Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Timor-Leste, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Based on my research, the predominant themes of Southeast Asian arts have been religion and national history. In religion the main interest was not so much in actual doctrine but in the life and personality of the Buddha and the personalities and lives of the Hindu gods. In national history the interest was in the legendary heroes of the past, and this theme appeared only after the great empires had fallen and the memories of their glory and power remained. The Buddha image, which went through various stages of development, remained the favorite motif of sculpture and painting. The depiction of scenes from his previous lives in fresco and relief sculpture also had the purpose of teaching the Buddhist ethics to the people, as the Jatakas emphasized certain moral virtues of the Buddha in his previous lives; it also gave an opportunity to the artist to introduce local color by using, as background, scenes from his own contemporary time. The depiction of scenes from the Hindu epics also had the same purpose and gave the same opportunity to the artist. Many figures from the Buddhist and Hindu scriptures, such as gods and goddesses, heroes and princesses, hermits and magicians, demons and dragons, flying horses and winged maidens, became fused with similar native figures, and, gradually, folklore plots became merged in the general religious themes.

B. East Asia

“Only the very weak-minded refuse to be influenced by literature and poetry.” ― Cassandra Clare, Clockwork Angel

East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The modern states of East Asia include China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. According to my research, some of the themes in East Asia literature are Immortality, Unfaithfulness, Disrespect in the Society, Abused Marriages & Families, Religion, Traditional Practices, Traditional Beliefs and Social Class. Some of the books in East Asia were concerned of the ethical practices that were common in their society. Some of them are about “respect.” Respect is one of the most cherished virtues in the society, and many of the East Asian literatures have always expressed this in different ways, especially the need to respect the elderly and those in power. Another common theme that comes out of the books focuses on the abused marriages. In the two cases, we witness marriage partners engaging in abusive acts against their wives or husbands. There are so many books which possesses such styles and themes in literature.

C. South and West Asia

“There is no surer foundation for a beautiful friendship than a mutual taste in literature.” ― P.G. Wodehouse

South Asia or Southern Asia is the southern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The West Asia region comprises of 12 member countries; Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, State of Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. Based on my research, the peoples of South Asia have had a continuous literature from the first appearance in the Punjab of a branch of the Indo-European-speaking peoples who also settled all of Europe and Iran. In India this branch of Indo-Aryans, as they are usually called, met earlier inhabitants with different languages and no doubt a different culture—possibly a culture akin to that of the Indus Valley civilization, which had a script, and perhaps a literature of its own, of which nothing is known. Certain to have been settled in India were peoples who spoke languages of Dravidian origin, as well as other languages, called Munda, now preserved only by aboriginal tribes, which show affinities with the languages of Southeast Asia. In the Hellenistic period literature and culture flourished in Western Asia. Traditional literary forms such as lists continued to be produced by the native population and were adapted by the new rulers. While there is little evidence for the creation of new narrative literature, which may in part be due to the fragmentary nature of our sources, existing epics, wisdom texts, and folktales were retold, rewritten, and transmitted. Greeks living in Western Asia created historiographical, ethnographical, and geographical works about their surroundings, inspiring in turn the Babylonian priest Berossus to write a reference work on Babylonia in Greek. Much as during the Persian Empire, political instability and changes in power led to a diverse and independent culture of writing. Continuity in all genres, writing systems, and languages remains the most important characteristic of Western Asian literature at least to the beginning of the Christian era.

D. Anglo-America and Europe

“Literature is the most agreeable way of ignoring life.” ― Fernando Pessoa, The Book of Disquiet

Anglo-America most often refers to a region in the Americas in which English is a main language and British culture and the British Empire have had significant historical, ethnic, linguistic and cultural impact. Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Based on my research, like other national literatures, American literature was shaped by the history of the country that produced it. For almost a century and a half, America was merely a group of colonies scattered along the eastern seaboard of the North American continent—colonies from which a few hardy souls tentatively ventured westward. After a successful rebellion against the motherland, America became the United States, a nation. By the end of the 19th century this nation extended southward to the Gulf of Mexico, northward to the 49th parallel, and westward to the Pacific. By the end of the 19th century, too, it had taken its place among the powers of the world—its fortunes so interrelated with those of other nations that inevitably it became involved in two world wars and, following these conflicts, with the problems of Europe and East Asia. Meanwhile, the rise of science and industry, as well as changes in ways of thinking and feeling, wrought many modifications in people’s lives. All these factors in the development of the United States molded the literature of the country. Western European literature could be viewed as a parade of movements—Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism, Futurism, Structuralism, and so on indefinitely. European literature refers to the literature of Europe. European literature includes literature in many languages; among the most important of the modern written works are those in English, Spanish, French, Dutch, Polish, German, Italian, Modern Greek, Czech and Russian and works by the Scandinavians and Irish. Important classical and medieval traditions are those in Ancient Greek, Latin, Old Norse , Medieval French and the Italian Tuscan dialect of the renaissance. European literature, also known as Western literature, is the literature written in the context of Western culture in the languages of Europe, as several geographically or historically related languages. Diverse as they are, European literatures, like Indo-European languages, are parts of a common heritage belonging to a race of proud nations which boast the likes of Homer who wrote Iliad and Odyssey, Virgil who wrote the Aeneid, Dante who wrote Divine Comedy, Chaucer who wrote Canterbury Tales. These, and other literary masterpieces form part of what we call as Western Canon.

E. Africa

“Literature is a textually transmitted disease, normally contracted in childhood.” ― Jane Yolen

Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.3 billion people as of 2018, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. Based on my research about Africa’s Literature. Afro-Asiatic and African languages together with works written by Africans in European languages. Traditional written literature, which is limited to a smaller geographic area than is oral literature, is most characteristic of those sub-Saharan cultures that have participated in the cultures of the Mediterranean. In particular, there are written literatures in both Hausa and Arabic, created by the scholars of what is now northern Nigeria, and the Somali people have produced a traditional written literature. There are also works written in Geʿez (Ethiopic) and Amharic, two of the languages of Ethiopia, which is the one part of Africa where Christianity has been practiced long enough to be considered traditional. Works written in European languages date primarily from the 20th century onward. The literature of South Africa in English and Afrikaans is also covered in a separate article, South African literature.

F. Latin America

“Literature is news that stays news.” ― Ezra Pound

Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Romance languages such as Spanish, Portuguese, and French are predominantly spoken. According to my research about Latin America’s Literature. Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism, and Emerging Literary Trends. The Latin American wars of Independence that occurred in the early nineteenth century in Latin America led to literary themes of identity, resistance, and human rights. Latin American literature, the national literatures of the Spanish-speaking countries of the Western Hemisphere. Historically, it also includes the literary expression of the highly developed American Indian civilizations conquered by the Spaniards. Over the years, Latin American literature has developed a rich and complex diversity of themes, forms, creative idioms, and styles. A concise survey of its development is provided here. For a history of literature written in Portuguese in Brazil, see Brazilian literature. Latin American literature refers to written and oral works created by authors in parts of North America, South America, and the Caribbean. Latin American authors usually write in Spanish, Portuguese, English, or a language native to their specific country. Latin American writers working in the United States can be classified as writing Latin American literature too. Latin American literature has a rich history starting in the Pre-Colombian period and working all the way up to modern day. With each period of Latin American history, came a genre that dominated the field. In this lesson, we will look at the main periods of Latin American literature, the genres that fueled those periods, and authors who are well known in Latin American literature.

Source: 

Wikipedia, Britannica, Google and Online Library.

Saunar, Rhenz Rhyanne 11 - St. Alypius

[tarkhan]

#Tarkhan (#ਤਰਖਾਣ)

Tarkhan is a north Indian tribe which has been historically present in a Punjab and its nearby areas. Tarkhans are an ethnic minority and most of Tarkhans are followers of Sikhism and small number is a follower of Hinduism. Very small of number of ethnic Tarkhans are found in Pakistan, these Tarkhans are followers of Islam. Tarkhans are subdivided into various clans (ਗੋਤ).

Tarkhan #Occupations:

Tarkhan occupations are carpentry, blacksmithing, masonry and farming. The Lohars (blacksmiths) of Punjab are Tarkhans who work with metals and term Tarkhan-Lohar is also used. This diversity in Tarkhan occupations is very clear from Sikh history, where different Tarkhan-Sikhs had different occupations. For example: Baba Lalo Ghattaura, one of the first Sikhs of Guru Nanak was a carpenter, family of Baba BHAI Roop Chand has always been farmers, Baba Hardas Singh Bhamra made the famous nagni used to kill the drunken elephant, he was also scholar, and close associate of 10th Sikh Guru, and Mistry Des Raj Kalsi of Sur Singh played an important role in re-construction of Akal Takht after it was destroyed by Ahmed Shah Abdali. In modern day Punjab, every house, every building is made by Tarkhans, all machinery such as combines, ploughs and harvesters are made by Tarkhans including manufacturing of tractors, also welding and repairing despite being a small minority. Tarkhans are the only people in Indian sub-continent to be masters of more than occupations.

#Ancient #History of Tarkhans:

Kasgarli Mahmut was 11th century scholar from Kashgar. He explained the word Tarkhan in the following way: "It is a name given before the Islamic religion. It means prince (Bey, Umar) in Arghu language." It is clear the word Tarkhan was not pure Turkish and that it was adopted into Turkish from the old language of Sogdiana. This was proved in the Turkish dictionary Divan u Lugat it-Turk written by Kasgarli Mahmut. Sogd was a name of a nation who settled in Balasagun. These were of the Sogd race. Sogd lay between Bukhara and Samarqand. Sogdia (/ˈsɒɡdiə/) or Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian civilization.

Historian H. Beveridge in his paper titled Tarkhan and Tarquinius points out that antiquity of Tarkhan is evidenced by the fact it's etymology is lost. He also states that Tarkhan was both a personal title and the name of a tribe. Bipin Shah in his paper titled Patali of Alexander, Sack of Nagar Thatta and Arghoon rule of Sindh talks about pre-historic central asian tribe named Tarkhan. Beveridge, Isaac Taylor, C. R. Condor and J. G. R. Farlong in their writings all agree that Tarkhan, Tarkan and Tarquin are same. Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, or Tarquin the Elder, was the legendary fifth king of Rome from 616 to 579 BC. Tarkhan was used among the Hittites (1700BCE- 1200BCE) to refer the tribal Chiefs. Also, the the Kassites (1531BCE-1155 BCE) had god called Tartakhan.

Khodadad Rezakhani of Freie Universität (Berlin) in the paper titled Continuity and Change in Late Antique Irān: An Economic View of the Sasanians writes (year is 560 AD): "These are the famous Nezak Tarkhans who claimed descent from the Alkhon king Khingila (Grenet 2002: 218). We know that these Tarkhans controlled the passes across the Hindukush both to Bamiyan and also to Kabul, via the Panjshir Valley (Baker and Allchin 1991). Based on the pattern of the earlier Hephthalites, they established and controlled formidable castles on both sides of the Surkhab River in southern Tokharistan, controlling the trade and military route from Bactria to Bamiyan (Grenet 2002: 218-20)."

In Eras of Humanity by Genealogy, Brian Starr writes about Kama Tarkhan of Huns. Hiuen Tsang, a Chinese traveller of 7th century AD also mentions various Tarkhans in Indian subcontinent such as Tarkhan of Samarkand, a meeting between king and 200 Tarkhans. Across the Hindukush of the First Millennium a collection of the papers by S. Kuwayama makes the mention of Chebishi Tarkhan who along with Tafu Tegin was sent to court of Tang Dynasty by King of Gandhara in 753 AD. Tarkhan Dynasty ruled over Gilgit in 7th and 8th century and was founded by a prince from Badakhshan. Further, founders of Maglot dynasty of Nagar and Ayash dynasty of Hunza were both Tarkhan princes. Tradition traces the origin of these Tarkhans to an imaginary Kayāni prince of Persia, by name Azur Jamshid, who is said to have fled here after the Arab conquest of Persia.

The town named Tarkhan in Egypt has been a site of various archeological diggings, some which were as old as 4000 BCE and oldest woven piece of cloth called Tarkhan Dress. In the town of Chal Tarkhan (Iran) many artifacts were found belonging to Sassanian Period (224 to 651 AD). Tarkhankut is name of peninsula in Ukraine and there are various places named Tarkhan in Russia. Tarkhans have been present in Indian subcontinent atleast since 6th century AD.

The ancient history of Tarkhans is also evidenced from the origin of various Tarkhan clans, such as Ubbi was a Germanic tribe and Bahra a Arabic tribe. There are places named after various Tarkhan clans in Iran (Panesar E-Takshan, Hunejan etc) and Tarkhan clans such as Siyan and Salh are also found among Kurds. Padam and Rattan being of native Indian origin. Menander 1 a Indo-Greek king was born in place named Kalasi (Alexandria of the Caucasusn) around 165 BCE. More than 90% Tarkhans have Tarkhan exclusive clans, only a very little overlap with others.

Some Tarkhan #Personalities:

• Jugde Dalip Singh Saund: First Asian to become Judge in US and get elected in US Congress. His son Dalip Saund Jr. served in US Army as a Lieutenant during Korean war.

• Satnam Singh Bamrah: First N.B.A player from India.

• Bardish Chaggar: First female Leader of the Government in the House of Commons in the history of Canada.

• Baba Sukha Singh Kalsi: There are 7 episodes dedicated to his bravery in Panth Prakash.

• Sir Mota Singh Matharu, QC: First Asian to become judge in United Kingdom.

• Lt-Colonel Kamal Kalsi (US Army).

𝗧𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗵𝗮𝗻 #𝗣𝗼𝗽𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻:

According to 1881 census of British India there were 263,479 Tarkhan Sikhs. In the book The Crucial Decade by S.C. Sharma writes that Tarkhans too are found in all the three religious groups in this province, on 1921 their numerical strength in the (United) Punjab was 684,000. The small population of Tarkhans is also evidenced from the fact most of villages in Punjab used to have only three to four houses of Tarkhan families.

List of Tarkhan #Villages (Incomplete):

• Bhai Rupa (ਭਾਈ ਰੂਪਾ), Thathi (ਠੱਠੀ), Siriyewala (ਸਿਰੀਏਵਾਲਾ), Nehianwala (ਨੇਹੀਆਵਾਲਾ), Dialpura Bhaika (ਦਿਆਲਪੁਰਾ ਭਾਈ ਕਾ), Towala (ਟੋਵਾਲਾ), Samadh Bhai Ki (ਸਮਾਧ ਭਾਈ ਕੀ), Ravleri (ਰਾਵਲੇਰੀ), Lakhnor (ਲਖਨੌਰ)

• Sikhwala (ਸਿੱਖਵਾਲਾ) Kotha Rajasthan (ਕੋਠਾ ਰਾਜਸਥਾਨ), Kabool Shah Khubban (ਕਬੂਲ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਖੁੱਬਣ)

• Muktsar (ਮੁਕਤਸਰ): Tarkhan Wala (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਵਾਲਾ), Akalgarh (ਅਕਾਲਗੜ੍ਹ)

• Tarkhan Majra (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਮਾਜਰਾ) (Amloh ਅਮਲੋਹ)

• Garhi Tarkhana (Macchiwara) ਗੱੜੀ ਤਰਖਾਣਾਂ (ਮਾਛੀਵਾੜਾ)

• Channian (ਚਾਨੀਆਂ) (Nakodar ਨਕੋਦਰ)

• Jallandhar (ਜਲੰਧਰ): Tarkhan Majra (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਮਾਜਰਾ), Mothanwala (ਮੋਠਾਂਵਾਲਾ)

• Hoshiarpur (ਹੁਸ਼ਿਆਰਪੁਰ ਜ਼ਿਲ੍ਹਾ):Bhattian (ਭੱਟੀਆਂ), Chatowal (ਚੱਤੋਵਲ), Halerh Ghogra (ਹਾਲੇੜ ਘੋਗ ਰਾ), Choka (ਚੋਕਾ)

• Gurdaspur (ਗੁਰਦਾਸਪੁਰ ਜ਼ਿਲ੍ਹਾ): Rangilpur (ਰੰਗੀਲਪੁਰ), Dhadiyala (ਢਡਿਆਲਾ), Sada Rang (ਸਦਾ ਰੰਗ)

• Kapurthala (ਕਪੂਰਥਲਾ): Ahmedpur (ਅਹਿਮਦਪੁਰ), Tarkhanawali (ਤਰਖਾਣਾਵਾਲੀ)

• Phagwara (ਫਗਵਾੜਾ): Lohara (ਲੋਹਾਰਾ), Ramgarh (ਰਾਮਗੜ)

• Tarkhan Majra (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਮਾਜਰਾ) (Samana ਸਮਾਣਾ)

• Tarkhan Majra (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਮਾਜਰਾ) (Sirhind ਸਰਹਿੰਦ)

• Bagrian (ਬਾਗੜੀਆਂ)

• Vakilanwala ਵਕੀਲਾਂਵਾਲਾ (Ferozpur ਫਿਰੋਜ਼ਪੁਰ)

Tarkhan #Traditons

Tarkhans engage in ancestor worship in the form of Jathere (ਜਠੇਰੇ) and Matti (ਮੱਟੀ), different Tarkhan clans have different jathere However, this practice is now dying. Members within a same clan (ਗੋਤ) are related by blood. For marriages, Tarkhan practice class endogamy but clan exogamy i.e. they marry with Tarkhans only, however outside their maternal (ਨਾਨਕੇ) and paternal (ਦਾਦਕੇ) clans.

#Ramgarhia:

Some Tarkhan Sikhs identify with Ramgarhia as Ramgarhia Misl (Ramgarhia Confedration) was the one of most powerful Sikh Misl out of 12 misls. The founder and leader of Ramgarhia Misl was Maharaja Jassa Singh Bhamra, who was a Tarkhan himself and most of soldiers in Misl were from Tarkhan tribe. Strength of Misl is evidenced from fact that Ramgarhia Misl along with other sikh generals won Delhi and it was Jassa Singh Ramgarhia who dragged the Mughal throne from Delhi to Akal Takht, where it lies even today in Ramgarhia Bungas. In the Tawarikh Darbar Sahib by Udham Singh, it is written that Maharaja Jassa Singh of Ramgarhia Misl and his son Sardar Jodh Singh together contributed Rs 5 Lakh for construction of Ramgarhia Bungas.

#References:

1. Tarkhan and Tarquinius by H. Beveridge of The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

2. Anatolian Iron Ages: The Proceedings of the Second Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium held at İzmir, 4-8 May 1987

Edited by A. Çilingiroğlu and D. H. French, Page 115.

3. Era's of Humanity by Genealogy written by Brian Starr, Page 204

4. A Socio-Political Study of Gilgit Baltistan Province by Omar Farooq Zain.

5. THE WESTERN HIMALAYAN STATES by A. H. Dani.

6. A SHORT HISTORY OF AFGHANISTAN By Professor Abdul Hai Habibi, President, Historical Society of Afghanistan.

7. Across the Hindukush of the First Millennium: a collection of the papers by S. Kuwayama.

8. Continuity and Change in Late Antique Iran: An Economic View of the Sasanians by Khodadad Rezakhani of Freie Universität, Berlin.

9. FAITHS OF MAN: A CYCLOPÆDIA OF RELIGIONS BY MAJOR-GENERAL J. G. R. FORLONG, M.R.A.S., F.R.G.S., F.R.S.E., M.A.1, A.I.C.E., F.R.H.S.

10. THE HITTITES AND THEIR LANGUAGE BY C. R. CONDER, LT.-COL. R.E.

11. Patali of Alexander, Sack of Nagar Thatta and Arghoon rule of Sindh by Bipin Shah

12. PERSPECTIVES ON THE SIKH TRADITION, Edited by GURDEV SINCH, Foreword by KHUSHWANT SINGH

13. Tarkhan Nīzak or Tarkhan Tirek? An Enquiry concerning the Prince of Badhghīs Who in A. H. 91/A. D. 709-710 Opposed the 'Omayyad Conquest of Central Asia.

14. RAJ KHALSA PART - Iwritten by Giani Gian Singh.

[kangenwaterhyderabad]

Kangen Water Machine Price

Kangen Water Machine Price

Do you want to find Kangen Machine Price India?

KANGEN WATER ENAGIC MACHINE PRODUCTS TYPE AND PRICING

If you take good care, a Kangen Water machine can work better up to 25 years. This machine is made in Japan, is very strong and reliable in producing a high-quality antioxidant alkaline water for you and your family. We provide you below with details of different kinds of machines. Kangen Machine Price India

LEVELUK SD501

The Ultimate Home Use Model (Global BEST SELLER! Very RECOMMENDED to BUY!)

Price Rs 277000/-

The SD501 is the finest machine in its class, with the highest quality built-in electrolysis chamber on the market. This Kangen Water® filtration machine generates a continuous stream of 5 types of water for countless household needs. You can easily operate the SD501 thanks to a large LCD panel and clear voice prompts. When you need enough delicious, healthy alkaline water to hydrate your whole family, the SD501 is the product you’ve been searching for!

Warranty 5 (five) years.

Click the tab below to see more detail about LeveLuk SD501

LeveLuk SD501 Product Details

LEVELUK SD501 PLATINUM

Introducing the BRAND NEW 5-Language SD501 Platinum!

Price Rs 297000/-

The new LeveLuk SD501 PLATINUM features a revamped modern design geared to match today’s more stylish kitchens. Same power and performance as the SD501 in an all-new package! The industry-leading continuous ionized electrolysis water generator system, the SD501 PLATINUM is the finest machine in its class. With the strongest electrolysis chamber available, fully-equipped with a built-in electrolysis chamber, and featuring a large LCD panel and clear voice prompts, the SD501 PLATINUM is the leader of the pack.

The Multi-Language SD501 Platinum expertly “speaks” in 5 languages: English, German, French, Italian and Spanish!

Warranty 5 (five) years.

Click the tab below to see more detail about LeveLuk SD501 Platinum

LeveLuk SD501 Platinum Product Details

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LEVELUK K8 (KANGEN 8)

The Mighty 8 Plate Anti-Oxidizer!

Price Rs 343000/-

The Kangen 8 is Enagic’s most powerful antioxidant machine – featuring 8 platinum-dipped titanium plates for improved water ionization and increased antioxidant production potential. Enjoy this Kangen Water K8 machine in virtually any country, thanks to its worldwide multi-voltage power supply and interchangeable plug capability (sold separately). If you’re looking for a powerful, versatile, feature-loaded machine, the Kangen 8 is for you.

Warranty 5 (five) years.

Click the tab below to see more detail about LeveLuk K8

LeveLuk k8 Product Details

LEVELUK JRII

Basic Product and Energy Saver

Price Rs 155000/-

The JRII has three solid electrode plates which reduce the energy consumption. Due to the solid platinum-coated titanium plates, this unit can still produce the strong acid and strong Kangen waters. Due to the lower power consumption and fewer plates, this machine is only recommended for singles or couples. Families should consider one of the more robust models above due to the amount of output required.

Warranty 3 (three) years. Kangen Machine Price India

Click the tab below to see more detail about LeveLuk JRII

LeveLuk JRII Product Details

LEVELUK SUPER501

The Large Family Unit

Price Rs 397000/-

The Super501 is the highest quality water ionizer for heavy home use, featuring a built-in electrolysis enhancer tank and 7 and 5 electrode plates. If you need safe, clean alkaline water to hydrate your growing family or business, the Super501 is the perfect solution! This highly productive machine also generates 5 different types of water for numerous uses around your home or business. With an easy to use LCD screen and clear voice prompts, the Super501 is accessible and simple to operate.

Warranty 3 (three) years.

Click the tab below to see more detail about LeveLuk SUPER501

LeveLuk SUPER501 Product Details

ANESPA DX

The NEW exclusive ANESPA DX Home Spa System transforms your ordinary bathroom into a natural hot spring resort.

Price Rs 200000/-

ANESPA DX produces a continuous stream of healthy ionized mineral water. With a new, larger ceramic cartridge that removes almost 100% of chlorine and other harmful substances in your tap water, and adds safe, moisturizing minerals that are healthy for your skin and hair. Enjoy a lovely shower or bath in ANESPA DX hot spring water.

Warranty 3 (three) years.

Click the tab below to see more detail about ANESPA DX

ANESPA DX Product Details

KANGEN MACHINE PRICE INDIA

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[akshayss]

Learn GERMAN Language in Punjab

Join our online GERMAN course for all levels at Classic Language Academy. Learn, speak, and write like an expert with our A1 to C2 level curriculum and get enrolled today! Subscribe for updates & join thousands of happy students.

[amitypunjab]

Study at one of the top colleges in Punjab for B.Tech | Amity University Punjab 

If you're searching for top colleges in Punjab for B.Tech then look for a facility that offers a diverse and adaptable curriculum. An institute that gives students the chance to enhance their skills alongside a holistic development.

Students pursuing a B.Tech in CSE are taught how to use computer hardware and software. It combines theoretical and applied knowledge in the areas of programming, data algorithms, networking, databases, web development, mobile computing, as well as machine learning, deep learning, neural networks, robotics, expert systems, fuzzy logic, and natural language processing, all of which fall under the general rubric of artificial intelligence and block chain concepts.

Numerous industries continue to value this course highly. The course has gained a lot of potential for larger opportunities as a result of its rising demand. 

Amity Punjab is among the top colleges in Punjab for B.Tech. With our outstanding professors who are well-versed in the field and our industry-focused educational approach.

We offer a blend of theoretical and practical knowledge in the fields of Programming.

Data Algorithms

Networking, Databases

Web Developments

Mobile Computing as well as Machine Learning,

Deep Learning, Neural Networks

Robotics

Expert Systems

Fuzzy Logic, and Natural Language Processing under the umbrella of Artificial Intelligence 

 Blockchain concepts. 

There are many employment possibilities with greater future prospects for B.Tech. graduates in India.

1. The course helps set the groundwork for a strong foundation of skills that may be applied to a range of professions, including those for software developers, research analysts, data analysts, web developers, network engineers, games developers, etc.

2. You acquire a competitive advantage on the job market.

3. There are many other industries where computer science jobs can be found, including manufacturing, banking, commerce, education, and transportation.

Reasons to choose Amity University Punjab

Hi-Tech campus with world-class facilities

Nurturing students and preparing them for the global corporate world. Hence, foreign languages such as French, Spanish, German, Japanese and Chinese have been integrated into the curriculum. 

Amitians are given the opportunity to interact with the corporate world. 

Top Placement

Learn from the rich-industry experience academicians

Amity Education Group is distinguished by its persistent dedication to providing world-class education. In fact, QS & THE, the two most respected organization for university rankings, placed its flagship institution in the top 3% of all universities worldwide.

It has also raised the bar for academic excellence by being the first and only non-profit university in Asia to receive accreditation from both the UK's Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education and the US Regional Accreditation.

At Amity, faculty members, research associates, and students are working on ground-breaking projects in a variety of academic fields. They are influencing the next level of schooling collectively. Amity is also among the top M.Sc in Food Science colleges in Chandigarh, and B.A Hons Psychology Colleges in Punjab as well. 

Our students are not only given great education but are nurtured holistically. Book your seat at one of the top colleges in Punjab for B.Tech today. Visit www.amity.edu/mohali  

Source : https://sites.google.com/view/amityuniversitymohalipunjab/home?authuser=4

[sehjaljain]

10 benefits to learn German language

German is an important language for the future. Whether you're a student, or a person working in Germany, then learning German is a great idea to start. You will be amazed at all the benefits of learning this language. In this article we will show you benefits of learning German language.

1. It's a good way to meet people from other countries.

2. You'll feel more confident in your ability to speak with them. You can opt for German classes in Punjab.

3. You'll be able to understand German newspapers and TV shows, which is helpful for learning about current events. You'll be able to read the news in German, which is very useful for keeping yourself up-to-date on what's going on in the world around you

4. You can learn how to cook German food, which can be fun and delicious. Take online German classes to learn more about this.

5. If you live in Germany or plan on moving there, knowing a little bit of German might make it easier for you to find an apartment or job. Learning German also opens up a lot of career opportunities for students who want to work as translators or interpreters in international business settings like meetings with clients from around the world or conferences where people from many different cultures come together for discussions about common goals like peace and prosperity for all nations on earth.

6. It's also great if you want to study musicology at some point because most classical composers wrote their works in German language.

7. You can travel to Germany and not just visit the big cities like Berlin, Munich and Frankfurt—you can also go to small towns like Leipzig and Dresden. You'll be able to get around easily in Germany because there are so many trains, buses, trams and subways running on time.

8. You can use German to communicate with people around the world.

9. German is spoken by millions of people around the world—so you'll feel special when you're able to understand another person's speech patterns.

10. You'll be able to understand more about history than you would if you only spoke English or Spanish.

[smkfuture10]

There are many benefits to learning additional languages, not least of all broadening your horizons. However, as a student, language learning can seem like one long hurdle that you’ll never overcome in your lifetime. Many students will be away from home for the first time to study at university, and loneliness is sometimes the biggest worry for foreign students. Language barriers only add to this fear, leading students to believe that by not learning a second language, they’re cutting off the risk of being all alone. German Language is one of the famous  language that people wants to learn and can learn for Smk futures, Smk futures language classes is one of the Best German Language Classes in Hoshiarpur.

[weudaipurtaxi]

Learn certification course of the german language in Punjab

In life, we come across situations in which it becomes necessary to communicate with the people around us. However, not all of us can speak in a language that is internationally recognized and understood. Learning the German language helps you overcome this hurdle and let you meet new people from different cultures and backgrounds. The Germans are well known as efficient, hardworking people. As a result, the German courses in India have gained so much popularity in recent years that due to a limited number of seats available, students have to wait for months to start their course. Of all the places in India where German is taught, the German Language Institute in Adampur city is undoubtedly the best one.

Learn foreign language from SMK’s Online german language classes in Punjab. We provide a structured and customized training course of the German language at a reasonable price. Testimonials from our students are proof of how effectively our German language course is constructed to help students learn the German language with ease.

SMK provides the best German Language classes in Punjab. If you are looking for Language classes, English Language & basic training, German Language & advanced training then hold on to your seat because SMK German Language Center’s teachers are surely there to teach. We want our learners to be on a competitive platform and hence provide them some excellent features.

There are many reasons why you should choose SMK as your German language institute of choice. Along with a great teacher to student ratio, and keeping small class sizes, we also have a well-equipped German language learning environment that is of the highest quality. Over decades, thousands of students have successfully learned German at SMK. SMK has been approved for its unique methodology taught with flair and creativity. The key factor to our success is the varied approaches adopted by the school. Our classes are conducted through a variety of means like communicative, conversational, cultural immersion, motivational, interactive, experiential learning activities.

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[smkclasses]

Best French Language Classes in Urmar Tanda, Hoshiarpur - SMK Future Language Classes offers Online German Language Classes in Urmar Tanda, Hoshiarpur. You will make progress in your Carrier with our German Language Courses in Urmar Tanda, Hoshiarpur.

[tarkhan]

Tarkhan (ਤਰਖਾਣ)

Tarkhan is a north Indian tribe which has been historically present in a Punjab and its nearby areas. Tarkhans are an ethnic minority and most of Tarkhans are followers of Sikhism and small number is a follower of Hinduism. Very small of number of ethnic Tarkhans are found in Pakistan, these Tarkhans are followers of Islam. Tarkhans are subdivided into various clans (ਗੋਤ).

Tarkhan Occupations

Tarkhan occupations are carpentry, blacksmithing, masonry and farming. The Lohars (blacksmiths) of Punjab are Tarkhans who work with metals and term Tarkhan-Lohar is also used. This diversity in Tarkhan occupations is very clear from Sikh history, where different Tarkhan-Sikhs had different occupations. For example: Baba Lalo Ghattaura, one of the first Sikhs of Guru Nanak was a carpenter, family of Baba BHAI Roop Chand has always been farmers, Baba Hardas Singh Bhamra made the famous nagni used to kill the drunken elephant, he was also scholar, and close associate of 10th Sikh Guru, and Mistry Des Raj Kalsi of Sur Singh played an important role in re-construction of Akal Takht after it was destroyed by Ahmed Shah Abdali. In modern day Punjab, every house, every building is made by Tarkhans, all machinery such as combines, ploughs and harvesters are made by Tarkhans including manufacturing of tractors, also welding and repairing despite being a small minority. Tarkhans are the only people in Indian sub-continent to be masters of more than occupations.

Ancient History of Tarkhans:

Kasgarli Mahmut was 11th century scholar from Kashgar. He explained the word Tarkhan in the following way: "It is a name given before the Islamic religion. It means prince (Bey, Umar) in Arghu language." It is clear the word Tarkhan was not pure Turkish and that it was adopted into Turkish from the old language of Sogdiana. This was proved in the Turkish dictionary Divan u Lugat it-Turk written by Kasgarli Mahmut. Sogd was a name of a nation who settled in Balasagun. These were of the Sogd race. Sogd lay between Bukhara and Samarqand. Sogdia (/ˈsɒɡdiə/) or Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian civilization.

Historian H. Beveridge in his paper titled Tarkhan and Tarquinius points out that antiquity of Tarkhan is evidenced by the fact it's etymology is lost. He also states that Tarkhan was both a personal title and the name of a tribe. Bipin Shah in his paper titled Patali of Alexander, Sack of Nagar Thatta and Arghoon rule of Sindh talks about pre-historic central asian tribe named Tarkhan. Beveridge, Isaac Taylor, C. R. Condor and J. G. R. Farlong in their writings all agree that Tarkhan, Tarkan and Tarquin are same. Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, or Tarquin the Elder, was the legendary fifth king of Rome from 616 to 579 BC. Tarkhan was used among the Hittites (1700BCE- 1200BCE) to refer the tribal Chiefs. Also, the the Kassites (1531BCE-1155 BCE) had god called Tartakhan.

Khodadad Rezakhani of Freie Universität (Berlin) in the paper titled Continuity and Change in Late Antique Irān: An Economic View of the Sasanians writes (year is 560 AD): "These are the famous Nezak Tarkhans who claimed descent from the Alkhon king Khingila (Grenet 2002: 218). We know that these Tarkhans controlled the passes across the Hindukush both to Bamiyan and also to Kabul, via the Panjshir Valley (Baker and Allchin 1991). Based on the pattern of the earlier Hephthalites, they established and controlled formidable castles on both sides of the Surkhab River in southern Tokharistan, controlling the trade and military route from Bactria to Bamiyan (Grenet 2002: 218-20)."

In Eras of Humanity by Genealogy, Brian Starr writes about Kama Tarkhan of Huns. Hiuen Tsang, a Chinese traveller of 7th century AD also mentions various Tarkhans in Indian subcontinent such as Tarkhan of Samarkand, a meeting between king and 200 Tarkhans. Across the Hindukush of the First Millennium a collection of the papers by S. Kuwayama makes the mention of Chebishi Tarkhan who along with Tafu Tegin was sent to court of Tang Dynasty by King of Gandhara in 753 AD. Tarkhan Dynasty ruled over Gilgit in 7th and 8th century and was founded by a prince from Badakhshan. Further, founders of Maglot dynasty of Nagar and Ayash dynasty of Hunza were both Tarkhan princes. Tradition traces the origin of these Tarkhans to an imaginary Kayāni prince of Persia, by name Azur Jamshid, who is said to have fled here after the Arab conquest of Persia.

The town named Tarkhan in Egypt has been a site of various archeological diggings, some which were as old as 4000 BCE and oldest woven piece of cloth called Tarkhan Dress. In the town of Chal Tarkhan (Iran) many artifacts were found belonging to Sassanian Period (224 to 651 AD). Tarkhankut is name of peninsula in Ukraine and there are various places named Tarkhan in Russia. Tarkhans have been present in Indian subcontinent atleast since 6th century AD.

The ancient history of Tarkhans is also evidenced from the origin of various Tarkhan clans, such as Ubbi was a Germanic tribe and Bahra a Arabic tribe. There are places named after various Tarkhan clans in Iran (Panesar E-Takshan, Hunejan etc) and Tarkhan clans such as Siyan and Salh are also found among Kurds. Padam and Rattan being of native Indian origin. Menander 1 a Indo-Greek king was born in place named Kalasi (Alexandria of the Caucasusn) around 165 BCE. More than 90% Tarkhans have Tarkhan exclusive clans, only a very little overlap with others.

Some Tarkhan Personalities:

• Jugde Dalip Singh Saund: First Asian to become Judge in US and get elected in US Congress. His son Dalip Saund Jr. served in US Army as a Lieutenant during Korean war.

• Satnam Singh Bamrah: First N.B.A player from India.

• Martyr Nand Singh (Bharaj): Babbar Akali.

• Bardish Chaggar: First female Leader of the Government in the House of Commons in the history of Canada.

• Baba Sukha Singh Kalsi: There are 7 episodes dedicated to his bravery in Panth Prakash.

• Sir Mota Singh Matharu, QC: First Asian to become judge in United Kingdom.

• Lt-Colonel Kamal Kalsi (US Army).

• Sardar Bahadur Ram Singh, M.V.O, K.-I.-H.: Legendary Sikh Architect

𝗧𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝗣𝗼𝗽𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻:

According to 1881 census of British India there were 263,479 Tarkhan Sikhs. In the book The Crucial Decade by S.C. Sharma writes that Tarkhans too are found in all the three religious groups in this province, on 1921 their numerical strength in the (United) Punjab was 684,000. The small population of Tarkhans is also evidenced from the fact most of villages in Punjab used to have only three to four houses of Tarkhan families.

List of Tarkhan Villages (Incomplete):

• Bhai Rupa (ਭਾਈ ਰੂਪਾ), Thathi (ਠੱਠੀ), Siriyewala (ਸਿਰੀਏਵਾਲਾ), Nehianwala (ਨੇਹੀਆਵਾਲਾ), Dialpura Bhaika (ਦਿਆਲਪੁਰਾ ਭਾਈ ਕਾ), Towala (ਟੋਵਾਲਾ), Samadh Bhai Ki (ਸਮਾਧ ਭਾਈ ਕੀ), Ravleri (ਰਾਵਲੇਰੀ), Lakhnor (ਲਖਨੌਰ)

• Sikhwala (ਸਿੱਖਵਾਲਾ) Kotha Rajasthan (ਕੋਠਾ ਰਾਜਸਥਾਨ), Kabool Shah Khubban (ਕਬੂਲ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਖੁੱਬਣ)

• Muktsar (ਮੁਕਤਸਰ): Tarkhan Wala (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਵਾਲਾ), Akalgarh (ਅਕਾਲਗੜ੍ਹ)

• Tarkhan Majra (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਮਾਜਰਾ) (Amloh ਅਮਲੋਹ)

• Garhi Tarkhana (Macchiwara) ਗੱੜੀ ਤਰਖਾਣਾਂ (ਮਾਛੀਵਾੜਾ)

• Channian (ਚਾਨੀਆਂ) (Nakodar ਨਕੋਦਰ)

• Jallandhar (ਜਲੰਧਰ): Tarkhan Majra (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਮਾਜਰਾ), Mothanwala (ਮੋਠਾਂਵਾਲਾ)

• Hoshiarpur (ਹੁਸ਼ਿਆਰਪੁਰ ਜ਼ਿਲ੍ਹਾ):Bhattian (ਭੱਟੀਆਂ), Chatowal (ਚੱਤੋਵਲ), Halerh Ghogra (ਹਾਲੇੜ ਘੋਗ ਰਾ), Choka (ਚੋਕਾ)

• Gurdaspur (ਗੁਰਦਾਸਪੁਰ ਜ਼ਿਲ੍ਹਾ): Rangilpur (ਰੰਗੀਲਪੁਰ), Dhadiyala (ਢਡਿਆਲਾ), Sada Rang (ਸਦਾ ਰੰਗ)

• Kapurthala (ਕਪੂਰਥਲਾ): Ahmedpur (ਅਹਿਮਦਪੁਰ), Tarkhanawali (ਤਰਖਾਣਾਵਾਲੀ)

• Phagwara (ਫਗਵਾੜਾ): Lohara (ਲੋਹਾਰਾ), Ramgarh (ਰਾਮਗੜ)

• Tarkhan Majra (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਮਾਜਰਾ) (Samana ਸਮਾਣਾ)

• Tarkhan Majra (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਮਾਜਰਾ) (Sirhind ਸਰਹਿੰਦ)

• Bagrian (ਬਾਗੜੀਆਂ)

• Vakilanwala ਵਕੀਲਾਂਵਾਲਾ (Ferozpur ਫਿਰੋਜ਼ਪੁਰ)

Tarkhan Traditons

Tarkhans engage in ancestor worship in the form of Jathere (ਜਠੇਰੇ) and Matti (ਮੱਟੀ), different Tarkhan clans have different jathere However, this practice is now dying. Members within a same clan (ਗੋਤ) are related by blood. For marriages, Tarkhan practice class endogamy but clan exogamy i.e. they marry with Tarkhans only, however outside their maternal (ਨਾਨਕੇ) and paternal (ਦਾਦਕੇ) clans.

Ramgarhia:

Some Tarkhan Sikhs identify with Ramgarhia as Ramgarhia Misl (Ramgarhia Confedration) was the one of most powerful Sikh Misl out of 12 misls. The founder and leader of Ramgarhia Misl was Maharaja Jassa Singh Bhamra, who was a Tarkhan himself and most of soldiers in Misl were from Tarkhan tribe. Strength of Misl is evidenced from fact that Ramgarhia Misl along with other sikh generals won Delhi and it was Jassa Singh Ramgarhia who dragged the Mughal throne from Delhi to Akal Takht, where it lies even today in Ramgarhia Bungas. In the Tawarikh Darbar Sahib by Udham Singh, it is written that Maharaja Jassa Singh of Ramgarhia Misl and his son Sardar Jodh Singh together contributed Rs 5 Lakh for construction of Ramgarhia Bungas.

#References:

1. Tarkhan and Tarquinius by H. Beveridge of The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

2. Anatolian Iron Ages: The Proceedings of the Second Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium held at İzmir, 4-8 May 1987

Edited by A. Çilingiroğlu and D. H. French, Page 115.

3. Era's of Humanity by Genealogy written by Brian Starr, Page 204

4. A Socio-Political Study of Gilgit Baltistan Province by Omar Farooq Zain.

5. THE WESTERN HIMALAYAN STATES by A. H. Dani.

6. A SHORT HISTORY OF AFGHANISTAN By Professor Abdul Hai Habibi, President, Historical Society of Afghanistan.

7. Across the Hindukush of the First Millennium: a collection of the papers by S. Kuwayama.

8. Continuity and Change in Late Antique Iran: An Economic View of the Sasanians by Khodadad Rezakhani of Freie Universität, Berlin.

9. FAITHS OF MAN: A CYCLOPÆDIA OF RELIGIONS BY MAJOR-GENERAL J. G. R. FORLONG, M.R.A.S., F.R.G.S., F.R.S.E., M.A.1, A.I.C.E., F.R.H.S.

10. THE HITTITES AND THEIR LANGUAGE BY C. R. CONDER, LT.-COL. R.E.

11. Patali of Alexander, Sack of Nagar Thatta and Arghoon rule of Sindh by Bipin Shah

12. PERSPECTIVES ON THE SIKH TRADITION, Edited by GURDEV SINCH, Foreword by KHUSHWANT SINGH

13. Tarkhan Nīzak or Tarkhan Tirek? An Enquiry concerning the Prince of Badhghīs Who in A. H. 91/A. D. 709-710 Opposed the 'Omayyad Conquest of Central Asia.

14. RAJ KHALSA PART - Iwritten by Giani Gian Singh.