#Ghulam Mohammad Bakshi

[prabodhjamwal]

In An NC Versus PDP Contest, Agendas Are Identical But Acrimonious Barbs Define The Battle

“Given that almost 90% of the population in this constituency is Koshur, the influence of other ethnic groups on election results will be minimal. This is because there is a widespread popular inclination among people of all ethnic backgrounds to use their voting rights as a means to express their disapproval of the revocation of Article 370, regardless of their specific ethnic identity.” Latief…

[museumofkashmir]

Until 1958, visitors to Jammu and Kashmir were required to have a visit permit to enter the region. It was later abolished by Prime Minister Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad who had come to power after the coup against Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah in 1953 It was autonomous state with foreign affairs, defence and communications controlled by India. Since 1953, the autonomy that came under Article 370 continued to be hollowed out until the death knell in August of 2019 Picture: Ikram Ullah / Twitter #Kashmir. #KashmirHistoryProjecf — view on Instagram https://ift.tt/3dbAz8u

[awamiitala]

SADAR-E-RIYASAT TO BAKSHI: 1953 Sadar-i-Riyasat’s letter to Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad on August 9, 1953

Karan Mahal, Srinagar, August 9, 1951. My Dear Bakshi Sahib, I have just dissolved the cabinet which functioned till today and have relieved it of the powers and functions of civil administration of the State. I, however, feel that a new Cabinet should be constituted immediately so as to avoid a political and administrative vacuum. In the task of forming a new Ministry, I have decided told seek your aid and advice. Will you, therefore, make it con-venient to meet me immediately so that we might discuss the formation and composition of the new Cabinet? I need hardly and that the continuance in office of the new Cabinet will depend upon its securing a vote of confidence from the Legislative Assembly during its coming session. Yours sincerely, (Sd/-) Karan Singh.

The post SADAR-E-RIYASAT TO BAKSHI: 1953 appeared first on AWAMI ITLAH.

[kavyainternationm]

things to do in anantnag

THINGS TO DO IN ANANTNAG 2020

TRIP TO ANANTNAG AND MARTAND SUN TEMPLE

After Pahalgam, we next headed towards Anantnag, the third-largest district of our newly reformed state of Jammu & Kashmir. Although during our visit Article 370 was still applicable. Till 1979, Anantnag comprised of the entire valley of South Kashmir which later split into Anantnag and Pulwama districts. In this article, I have tried to give brief information about things to do in Anantnag.

PAHALGAM TO ANANTNAG

Nature trails in the Himalayas are one of the things to do in Anantnag as one can enjoy the serene beauty of the mountains. We had hired a Tata Sumo for a direct drop to Srinagar via Anantnag. The riverside road via NH501 was very scenic.

We stopped our car almost midway near a rafting point, as a mere watcher though. As we feel more comfortable being a watcher than an adventurist. Like many others, we also posed for selfies with the rafters. Two boys embarked in front of us. The ride seemed so scary to me. Thank God, I did not try it. But rafting surely is a famous activity among all the things to do in Anantnag.

HOW ANANTNAG GOT ITS NAME AND ITS HISTORY

We traversed like 60 kilometers on road from Pahalgam which took us almost three hours to reach Anantnag town, the oldest district of Kashmir. The road trip included intermediate halts at Mattan and Martand Temple. The shrines were little inside from the highway which justifies the additional kilometers and time taken.

The place derives its name from a Sanskrit phrase – ‘Ananta’ meaning ‘Infinite’ and ‘Nag’ in the Kashmiri language means ‘Water Stream’. Surprisingly, there are innumerable springs even today in and around the epicenter of Anantnag, the most significant being there at Mattan.

A relic of antiquity, the district of Anantnag owes its etymology to the very spring that gushes out from thin limestone rock.

Another historically, as well as religiously important village, is Bawan where one can visit the Indernag Temple.  Also called, Shri Raghunath Temple by local devotees and is presently maintained by the Nagbal Prabandhak Committee. The form of Lord Shiva worshipped here is five-faced Indernag to which the temple owes its name. Apart from the main shrine, idols of Vaishno Devi, Lakshmi Narayan, Lord Vishnu, Nav Durga forms of Devi Shakti. Also, Bharat Mata holding Indian tricolor can also be found here. Visiting these temples is one of the things to do in Anantnag.

MARTAND SUN TEMPLE-MUST VISIT TEMPLE

Some 10 kilometers from Mattan, there is an ancient Sun Temple from the 1st century AD, popularly known as Martand Temple. The famous Pandu King Ranaditya I built the colossal edifice. Earlier also called as ‘Pandu Koru’, which means the abode of Pandus.

Located at the finest position in Kashmir, the ruins of this temple are mythically highly noteworthy. It is also proven by its mentions in Mahabharata, Rajatarangini, and many Hindu Puranas.

Even in vestiges, this site still boasts of all the existing relics of Kashmir grandeur. The architecture comprises a lofty stone structure with eighty-four pillars, pyramidal roof. It also consists of a centrally located prayer hall, a couple of side chapels, and a narrow disconnected wing on both sides.

The even numeric figure 84 is held sacred by the early Hindu kings, being a multiple of seven (number of days in a week) with 12 (number of zodiac signs in astrology). The architecture is so scientific that throughout the daytime, sunlight falls on the Surya figurine.

HISTORY OF MARTAND SUN TEMPLE

History reveals that in the early 15th century, Sultan Sikandar Butshikan tried to destroy this temple. But the construction was so strong that it took him more than two years to damage it substantially. The majority of it has sunken into depths of time and earth, leaving hardly a forty feet perennial wall in ruins. But its stone walls and bold facades, towering over the grooved pillars of surrounding colonnade, establishes the structure’s daunting presence.

Centuries ago, when Mughal governor Islam Khan administered the Kashmir region, had built a beautiful garden at Anantnag. Later he also changed the name of the town to Islamabad in his own honor.

According to our driver, though from the times of Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad the old name has been reinstated, yet the local Muslims still prefer to call it Islamabad. As a testimony to his statement, he also showed us a few hoardings which clearly mention the place like Islamabad.

Even today, there is a huge controversy about whether to address this piece of land as Anantanag or Islamabad. Unlike Jammu, since Anantnag is primarily a Muslim dominated region, the temple seemed to have additional military protection right from its entrance.

Also, it is an archaeological site, special protection is enforced by the authorities. However, the local market place was as busy as any of the other Indian district towns. However, the bright logo of J&K Bank was the most attractive visual in the entire market area.

CONCLUDING THE TRIP TO ANANTNAG

It was very close to the Anantnag central bus depot. Parking our car near the entry gate, we walked inside. The entrance was very simple compared to its historic existence. As we kept entering towards the inner complex, we observed numerous bunkers inside the premises. With vigilant military officials keeping a strict eye on the temple entrants.

In fact, they were allowing limited visitors at a time by locking and unlocking the temple gate every time any civilian entered or exited through the main entrance. Photography too was very restricted within the campus.

In fact, that’s quite usual of its type in the whole of Kashmir. What amazed me more was an army Jawan guiding us inside the temple. It took us almost an hour to complete an intimate round of the heritage site. Coming back to our car, we had to trouble ourselves to locate its driver. Meanwhile, our normal prepaid connections got blocked.

By the time my husband could find him, I purchased a couple of Kashmiri shawls from a Muslim hawker at the temple gate who seemed to offer me genuine discounts. Shopping for Kashmiri shawls and handicrafts is one of the things to do in Anantnag, especially for women.

TOWARDS SRINAGAR FROM ANANTNAG

It was close to 1 pm when we resumed our drive to Srinagar. On the way, we crossed the world-famous Green Tunnel. It’s a two-kilometer stretch on Jammu Srinagar Highway comprising of an array of green poplar and chinar trees along the main road.

Though we heard that of late, the density has gone down drastically due to massive axing of the matured female trees causing serious pollen allergies. But the view of green flush was truly eye-catching. While passing through the Green Tunnel area, our driver took a tea break at a roadside Dhaba.

We also utilized the time to lock the stunning landscape with our camera. There surely are a lot of things to do in Anantnag because a tourist can indulge himself in activities like rafting, visiting temples, visiting all the major attractions in Anantnag. Also passing through this green tunnel is a beautiful experience.

Way back, as I offered the holy prasad of Martand Temple to our driver, he accepted it with such a warm smile. I could not imagine him to be a person from other religions. As he shared his business card with us at the end of our trip, we got to know his name – Abdul Sheikh. Our journey with him was very enjoyable, conversant, and equally pleasing. An overall unique experience made our Anantnag visit truly memorable. I hope this article helps readers to know about the main attractions and things to do in Anantnag.

[marymosley]

Historical Background of Article 370 of Constitution of India

INTRODUCTION

There is saying that “Your life does not get better by chance, it gets better by change.” By Jim Rohn.

The main reason behind the insertion of Article 370 was that the State of Jammu and Kashmir was not ready to get included as a normal state because of the war going on between India and Pakistan over the state due to which Gopalswami Ayyangar a minister in Union drafted the Article 370 and got it inserted in the Constitution of India. While the key drafter of Indian Constitution Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar and Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel had opposed this because they wanted to count it as a united nation not to calculate separate states under one province.

As we all know about some crucial wars taken place between Pakistan and India over the constituency of Jammu and Kashmir like:-

1.      1947 the First Kashmir War

2.      Indo Pakistani War in 1965

3.      Kargil War in 1999

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Hari Singh the maharaja (King) of the Kashmir on October 26th 1947 signed an instrument of accession in which it was cleared out that he is surrendering the three jurisdictions to the Government of India namely – external affairs, defence and communications of the state. Further after this the British ruler changed the instrument and somehow convinced the Nehru to overlook the instrument and create new policy for the state and impose it for the benefit of the nation.

The issue of Article 370 was first being dealt in the year 1949 immediately after the republic of India and separation of both the nations namely India and Pakistan. Due to which many politicians and ministers felt threat for the citizens of Jammu and Kashmir. The war taking place in between both the nations was very much disturbing for both citizens and nation. Also the decision of making it a separate state was partly wrong when concerned for the purpose of unity and one nation.

After this a major operation or incident took place in the society when Sheikh Abbdullah was arrested on 9th August 1953 but before that Sheikh Abdullah wrote a letter to Maulana Azad and Nehru’s letter as well as note on Abdullah’s arrest. On 8th August 1953,  an order was passed saying that Sheikh Abdullah has been dismissed from the post of Prime Minister on the order of Sadr-i-Riyasat via a letter and in the same letter it was also mentioned that Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad to be appointed as new Prime Minister of the nation.

Now-a-days when whole of the world is getting developed in every field but this state and it’s residents are not able to grow and develop themselves eventually to keep growing and develop themselves and their city too so as to cope up with the new trends that are being followed out in the world. After so many succesfull years of implementation of Article 370 of Indian Constitution, a case was being filed in the Supreme Court regarding validity of this article as it clearly violates Articles 14, 15, 21 are the basic fundamental rights of any person which are being conferred or given by the Indian Constitution for every citizen is equal. The case was being dealt out and an application regarding the same was sent to the parliament to consider the concerned issue and necessary changes in the Constitution of India. The parliament of India took a decision which evolved each and everything in the society and mindsets of the people by declaring Article 370 to be unconstitutional due to its clear violation of fundamental rights conferred by the Constitution of India for each and every citizen.

But the people of Jammu and Kashmir were not able to accept this change due to which many terrorist attacks, riots, etc., took place for which the Presidential Rule was imposed and a huge number of armed forces were sent there to control the situation and maintain peace in the state. The state is still not allowed to function normally as it is still under army control and many services like mobile networks are not working, social networking sites are blocked, transportation with other states are also limited like airports are available but for limited use, railways have limited its train services in the state, etc.

But for a change the relations between both the nations have improved due to the exposition of Pakistan in front of World Agencies due to which the Pakistani President is trying to improvise the relation between both nations by several steps one of them is opening a corridor for Sikh community to visit their gurudwara situated in the Pakistan’s land. Although due to the several terrorist acts organised or sponsored by the Pakistan are exposed completely because of which Pakistan has now given numerous statements before the World Agencies for not getting indulged in any terrorist act for which they can give assurance. In addition to this recently the Pakistan has released our Air Commander Mr. Abhinanadan Varthman due to the pressure created on them by the international as well as national agencies, on that day it was found that Pakistan is supporting terrorists with finance and supplies required by these terrorist.

CONCLUSION

In the end, it is clear that the Central Government needs to impose this rule of eliminating Article 370 of Indian Constitution and making Jammu and Kashmir a normal state and removing its special provisions provided to it. In addition to this many new reforms were also introduced for the benefit of the people residing there but the approach used by the government was not very much useful as it is never accepted by anyone any change in just one night, because any person will atleast require one day to understand the new rule or changes implemented. But in this case the government has not given any time to the masses to understand the change and its benefits.

Once Prince Philip of England said that

“Change does not change tradition. It strengthens it. Change is a challenge and an opportunity not a challenge.”

The post Historical Background of Article 370 of Constitution of India appeared first on Legal Desire.

Historical Background of Article 370 of Constitution of India published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.tumblr.com/

[global-news-station]

SRINAGAR: Indian Occupied Kashmir (IOK) continued to witness grave human rights violations during the year 2018 as Indian forces in their barbaric acts of state terrorism martyred 375 Kashmiris.

According to a report compiled by the Research Section of Kashmir Media Service, Indian troops conducted 2,939 cordon and search operations across the disputed territory during 2018.

The martyrs included highly qualified youth like Professor Dr Muhammad Rafi Butt, Dr Manan Bashir Wani, Dr Sabzar Ahmad Sofi, Dr Aijazud Din Khan and Dr Abdul Ahad Ganai. Those killed also included Hurriyet leaders Mir Hafizulla, Tariq Ahmad Ganie, Mohammad Yousuf Nadeem and Hakim-ul-Rehman Sultani.

A journalist, Shujaat Bukhari was among those killed by unidentified attackers. Of the martyrs, 21 were killed in custody.

As a result of the atrocities, 34 women lost their spouses and 78 children were orphaned while 75 women were molested by the men in uniform. Indian forces destroyed 605 residential houses as the vision of 1302 people was affected by pellets fired by the troops on peaceful protesters.

The report said resistance leaders including Shabbir Ahmad Shah, Nayeem Ahmad Khan, Syeda Aasiya Andrabi, Altaf Ahmed Shah, Aiyaz Muhammad Akbar, Peer Saifullah, Raja Merajuddin Kalwal, Shahid-ul-Islam, Farooq Ahmad Dar and Syed Shahid Shah continued to remain in detention in Delhi’s Tihar jail in fake cases. Over five hundred people including Hurriyat leaders, Masarrat Aalam Butt, Ghulam Muhammad Khan Sopori, Mushtaq-ul-Islam, Maulana Barkati, Muhammad Yousuf Mir, Farooq Ahmad Tawheedi, Hakim Abdur Rasheed, Gulzar Ahmad Gulzar, Nisar Hussain Rather, Umar Adil Dar, Shakeel Ahmad Bakshi and Feroz Ahmad Khan remained in different jails of IOK and India under Public Safety Act.

Meanwhile, a complete shutdown was observed in Pulwama district on a third consecutive day today (Tuesday) to mourn the killing of four youth by Indian troops.

The post 375 Kashmiris martyred in IOK in 2018 appeared first on ARYNEWS.

http://bit.ly/2EHYQoG

[thedispatch-in-blog]

Kashmir. Prime Minister Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad. Jehlum Bund https://www.instagram.com/p/Bq6Wg-MlwIf/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=30144hf9tv77

[liqainchines-blog]

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[shahid121]

Influential Pahalgam Hoteliers illegally Running Hotels Without Lease Since 1997.......

Influential Pahalgam Hoteliers illegally Running Hotels Without Lease Since 1997…….

Influential Pahalgam Hoteliers illegally Running Hotels Without Lease Since 1997

20 yrs on, Pahalgam hotels run without leaseI

nfluential hoteliers continue their operations illegally at this famed tourist resort, as their lease agreements with the government have expired 20 years ago.

According to official details, in 1955 the Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad-led government leased out 1000 kanals of land…

[prabodhjamwal]

When Sheikh Abdullah’s meeting with Chinese leader Zhou Enlai in Algeria sparked a political storm in India

“Before the media got the scent, Sheikh and Beg were put on to another aircraft and flown out to Ootacumand resort town in the South. A month or so later they were shifted to Kodai Kanal and detained there. Because of Beg’s ill health he was flown back to Delhi and detained in a Bungalow at Kotla Lane.” M S Malik* May 8, 1965 (Revisiting a chapter of Kashmir history) For the first time, the…

[kashmirtoday]

The lessons we Kashmir people learnt: how Gaw Kadal massacre shaped movement for freedom

By : Umar Manzoor

The world even today continues to remain in a fix over the resilience the Kashmiri people exhibit and how they keep the resistance alive amid constant fear and clampdowns.  The world is yet to understand how people of Kashmir survive for months of curfews and restrictions. How could killings instigate more protests and why is there not even a single sign of regret in their behaviour. If one perceives the Gaw Kadal Massacre of January 21, 1990 a mere incident when Kashmiris were killed enmasse just like they are getting killed now-they are wrong. The fact is that the tragedy of Gaw Kadal shaped the Kashmir’s resistance movement to the extent  thateven now its glimpses could be felt on ground.  It taught people to survive amid curfews, it taught them to use local mosques as central places and raise slogans from the loudspeakers.  It taught them how to spend lives amid constant fear and clampdowns. On January 19, 1990, Dr Farooq resigned and Jagmohan came back as JK’s governor. A day after, Srinagar was handed over to CRPF. Large scale arrests in the dead of the night were made with forces barging into peoples’ homes and dragging people particularly youth from their beds and throwing them into torture centres.  Curfew was imposed. Kashmir witnessed the large scale protests on Jan 21, 1990. People in droves across Srinagar, defying curfew, took to streets, raising slogans-, demanding immediate release of their dear ones. People from Batamaloo, Barzulla, Ram Bagh, JawaharNagar, Chanapora assembled in Srinagar’s Lal Chowk. The procession started moving towards old city via Budshah Chowk. As it reached near Gaw Kadal, the forces encircled it from all sides and fired in an indiscriminate manner upon people.  As bloodbath and mayhem started dominating scenes within moments, people started hurdling dead and injured into local mosques.

Kashmiris did that in 1931 when Maharaja forces fired upon protests outside Srinagar’s central jail. They brought the dead and injured to Jamia Masjid where one injured youth whispered in Shiekh Mohammad Abdullah’s ear, “I have done my bit. It is now you who has the responsibility to take the mission forward.”

According to a foreign news agency that reported the Gaw Kadal massacre, the death toll reached 100 while 50 were admitted in local hospitals. More than 500 arrests were made. Later processions  were fired upon at  Sonawar, Lal Bazar, Dal Gate,  Hawal, Gulab Bagh, Taelbal,  Hazaratbal,  Nagbal and Ganderbal. The aftermath The reign of terror later was unleashed upon Srinagar. However, people found antidote of this fear. Everyday at dusk they would assemble in mosques and raise slogans to evade arrests. Whenever forces would barge into any area, announcements used to be made on loudspeakers of local mosques- asking people to come out on roads and foil forces’ action. As curfew continued to remain in force, two hours of deal used to be announced by the government everyday. During this time, people would stock essentials in their homes. This was the first time when such scenes were witnessed. The people of Kashmir continue to use the similar methods even today when curfews are imposed in the region.  Resistance leader Shakeel Ahamd Bakshi raised ‘Anaaj Ugaw; Aaadi Paav’ slogan. People then started maintaining kitchen gardens in a bid to avoid food paucity.

Sensing situation slipping out of his hands, Governor Jagmohan banned JKLF- a party that enjoyed widespread peoples’ support all across. Besides that Hizb, Peoples’ League,  Tehreek-e- Hurriyat, Dukhtaran-e-Milat, Islamic Students League, Jamaet-e-Tulba and Jamat-e-Islami were also declared banned organisations.  More than 200 government employees were terminated for taking part in anti-national activities. When Jagmohan appointed his advisors, the name of former state police chief Ghulam Hassan Shah was included in the list. However, Shah rejected the offer and preferred to stay with the people.  JKLF launched non-cooperation movement and asked people to boycott every government decision. Wide spread protests dominated entire Kashmir Valley.  January 26, 1990 was observed as Black Day by the people. Fearing protests, more rigorous restrictions were imposed across Valley with forces deployment intensified. Several commandos were brought along with additional companies of CRPF.  That was the time when school buildings, cinema halls and local hotels were occupied by the forces.  In order to foil CRPF attempts to take over Schools, militants set several schools on fire. The curfew passes issued to journalists and government employees weren’t accepted by forces due to which no newspaper was printed from Kashmir for 12 consecutive days.  It was during that period that Pakistan sensing opportunity declared that it would take the Kashmir issue to United Nation. Director Doordarshan Lass Koul was killed by militants outside his residence in Bemina. It was after such incident that Doordarshan replaced the word ‘Terrorist’ with word ‘Militant’ in its dailys news bulletins. Dukhtaran-e Milat organised first women protest in Srinagar on February 14, 1990 in which Kashmiri women in thousands took part.  Later a memorandum was submitted to Srinagar’s UN office located in Sonawar.  On March 11, 1990, Government of India set up a new ministry for Kashmir Affairs. George Fernandes was appointed as its minister.  He visited Kashmir several times and tried to contact militants to persuade them so shun the path of violence so that issues could be resolved through dialogue. 

The post The lessons we Kashmir people learnt: how Gaw Kadal massacre shaped movement for freedom appeared first on Kashmir.Today.

from The lessons we Kashmir people learnt: how Gaw Kadal massacre shaped movement for freedom

[prabodhjamwal]

Benevolent or Traitor: Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad's Legacy in Kashmir

‘A Fate Written on Matchboxes’: Hafsa Kanjwal’s book recounts incidents where Bakshi wrote appointment letters on a matchbox or anything else lying nearby. Iftikhar Gilani SRINAGAR: At a time when getting a coveted government job in Jammu and Kashmir seems to be an insurmountable task, it is almost unimaginable to imagine a time when these posts were given out on the streets. Bakshi Ghulam…

[awamiitala]

Constitution of Emergency Council by Maharaja Hari Singh in 1947

1. The Hon’ble Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah, Head of Emergency Administration. 2. The Hon’ble Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad, Deputy Head of Administration. 3. The Hon’ble Mirza Mohd. Afzal Beg, Emergency Officer, Anantnag District. 4. The Hon’ble G.M. Sadiq, Emergency Officer, Internal Security, Home Guards, Cultural Front. 5. The Hon’ble Sham Lal Saraf, Emergency Officer, Trader and Supplies. 6. The Hon’ble Girdhari Lal Dogra, Emergency Officer, Kathua. 7. The Hon’ble Sardar Budh Singh, Emergency Officer,(Goodwill Mission to Jammu). 8. The Hon’ble Pt. Jia Lal Kilam, Emergency Officer, Food. 9. Maulana Mohd. Syed, Emergency Officer, Publicity. 10. Kh Gu]am Moni-ud-din, Emergency Officer, Communications. 11. Kh. Abdul Ahad, Emergeney Officer. (Firewood, Fuel). 12. Soofi Mohd. Akbar, Emergency Officer, Baramulla. 13. Peer Mohd. Maqbool, Emergency Officer, Muzaffarabad. 14. Pt. Kashapa Bandhu, Emergency Officer, Refugees & Rehabilitation. 15. Mr. Mohi-ud-Din Hamdani, Emergency Officer, Peace Brigade. 16. Mr. D.P. Dhar, Secretary, Internal Security & Law and Order. 17. Mr. J.N. Zutshi, Private Secretary to the Head of Administration and Secretary to the Emergency Council. 18. Kh. Ahsan Ullah, Emergency Officer, Transport. 19. Mr. Mohd. Amin, Emergency Officer, Banihal. 20. Col. Ram Lal, Emergency Officer, Home Guards. 21. Col. Baldev Singh Pathania, Chief Emergency Officer, Jammu. 22. Col. Adalat Khan, Chief Administrative Officer, Bhadarwah. 23. Col. Baldev Singh Samval, Emergency Officer, Border Scouts, Jammu.

The post Emergency Council: 1947 appeared first on AWAMI ITLAH.

[thedispatch-in-blog]

Republic Day 1958. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad https://www.instagram.com/p/Bq6SkD4lzxN/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=7kwn930420tj