#Hypopharynx

[kas-e]

Robber fly.

First shot is taken with a reversed 28mm, the others are shot with a 105mm Sigma on tubes, Nikon gear, flash and diffuser.

"The Asilidae are the robber fly family, also called assassin flies. They are powerfully built, bristly flies with a short, stout proboscis enclosing the sharp, sucking hypopharynx. 

The name "robber flies" reflects their expert predatory habits; they feed mainly or exclusively on other insects and, as a rule, they wait in ambush and catch their prey in flight."

(from iNaturalist)

[batterymaster01]

Arthropulmonia, one of Athyrmagaia's most diverse clade of invertebrates. The Athyrmatherians, although endoskeletal and modular, are themselves highly derived members of this group.

Arthropulmonians are very strongly analogous to Terran insects, but they evolved about 200 million years earlier and have many fundamental physiological differences. They have soft-tissue eyes with multiple pupils rather than solid-state eyes, and they only have a single pair of spiracles on their heads that sort of resemble nostrils. Their organs are also distributed rather differently, with a notably lessened distinction between the abdomen and thorax, and each pair of limbs being attached to their own respective segment. They also lack antenna, instead using a forked, retractable hypopharynx for chemoreception and a modified pair of forelimbs for tactile senses. They managed to evolve powered flight like insects have, but wings evolved among them twice independently rather than just once, and in both cases the wings were modified from legs rather than gills.

The individual zooids of Athyrmatherians do retain some semblance of the original Arthropulmonian bauplan, but it's been drastically altered to the point that no resemblance can really be found externally. The hox genes responsible for developing the first and second locomotor segments and their associated limb pairs are lost entirely, and chitinous exoskeletons have also fallen out of use due to them evolving bones from mineralized muscles and tendons as they reached larger sizes.

[thepastisalreadywritten]

Three dimensional C.T. scan image of the Ancient Egyptian mummy of Yuya, father of Queen Tiye, grandfather of Akhenaten, and great-grandfather of Tutankhamun.

Mummy found in Tomb KV46, Valley of the Kings in Luxor, alongside his wife Thuya.

Age of death: 50-60 years, no explanation for death itself, however.

Stature: 166cm

—

“C.T. images of Yuya show that the embalmers stuffed the throat (hypopharynx) of the mummy with a heterogeneous, low-density material.

Filling the throat helped to give the neck a full, life like appearence, as demonstrated in this oblique frontal 3D CT image.”

[jonnysinsectcatalogue]

European Longhorn Robber Fly - Dioctria hyalipennis

Firstly, you have have seen this specie on the blog before but with an entire different. Originally I pegged this specie as the "Common Robber Fly", but I've recently learned that this insect actually has a common name...as titled above (all prior posts have been updated to reflect this change). The common name of this lithe Robber Fly references its introduction to North America in the 1900's from Europe. The second part of its name doesn't reference what it hunts. It's far more likely that the reference is to the elongated antenna jutting from the depression between its eyes! The antenna length of this specie is a far cry from the absurd length some Longhorn Beetles' antennae. However, the Y-shaped antenna are quite long relative to the antennae of other Flies, especially given the Fly's size. With how the antennae are positioned and outstretch, they likely use the many chemoreceptors in conjunction with their great compound eyes to seek out surrounding prey in their vast, green environment. Based on the images here across many days of observation, their hunting strategy is very effective! As mentioned in earlier posts, Robber Flies will perch on a good vantage point and wait for a tantalizing insect to pass by. The Fly will then burst onto its prey, snaring its with its spindly legs and jabbing it with a sharp proboscis (technically, it's the hypopharynx)!

When the smaller insect is caught and neutralized, the Fly can enjoy its meal of liquified insect soup. Looking closely at the prey items caught here, this specie has expertise when it comes to catching smaller Flies or Fly-like insects such as small parasitic Wasps. One individual was even lucky enough to pierce into the thoracic gap of a Plant Bug (likely a Two-Spotted Grass Bug)! If they can overpower it, they can catch it, and in the case of the latter catch, I had a thought. When insects such as Plants Bugs (or Beetles) fly, they open their outer wings to reveal their flight wings. When they do so, they leave their abdomen vulnerable to attack from behind or the sides by a hunter of precision. Particularly, the sharp Flies of Asilidae who search for soft spots to subdue prey! In addition to the captured insects in the images above, this specie also targets Bees (some Sweat Bees in particular) and has also been reported to try its luck against Grasshoppers. Catching the latter would be very impressive given that it must be done mid-hop, but a sharp beak and strong legs can make the difference. On the subject of legs, look at them to distinguish from other similar genera of Asilidae. For example, Eudioctria species appear near identical, but with black legs. On the other hand, Micropanther Flies (Atomosia) have a similar build but with a more bulbous abdomen... and they are much, much smaller.

Pictures were taken on June 6, 10, 11 and 16, 2021 with a Google Pixel 4.

[tangled-pixel-harpsichord]

Idea:

I start a calligraphy blog but I only write specialized vocab from my classes that I find fun to write. For example:

Zygentoma hypopharynx

[arrangoiz]

Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer

A randomized study by the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) 90–03: Evaluated the use of low-LET radiation alonewith four fractionation schemes for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck Patients included in this trial underwent radiation therapy as a single modality, without the use of chemotherapy The sites included the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and…

[adoctorx]

Doctors use transoral robotic surgery to treat head and neck cancer. They may also use it for obstructive sleep apnea. It can often lead to better surgical outcomes than other surgery types. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is a type of robotic surgery for conditions affecting the head and neck. Instead of making an incision in the skin, a surgeon performing TORS accesses the surgical area directly through the mouth. It is becoming more common. A 2020 study of 73 hospitals found that the use of robotic surgery increased from 1.8% in 2012 to 15.1% in 2018. Read on to learn more about TORS, including what doctors use it for, what the procedure involves, and how effective it is. What is transoral robotic surgery used for? In 2009, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the Da Vinci system — the specific robotic system used in TORS — to remove both benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumors in the head and neck region. This includes tumors affecting tissues of the: oral cavity (mouth) oropharynx (middle throat), which also includes:the base of your tongue the soft palate the tonsils larynx (voice box) hypopharynx (lower throat) Doctors have also used TORS as a surgical option for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It helps open up the space in the back of the throat and may involve removing the tonsils or reducing the size of the base of the tongue. In some situations, doctors have used TORS to treat thyroid cancer. This involves removing the thyroid gland, which is a procedure called a thyroidectomy. Who shouldn’t have TORS? TORS isn’t suitable for everyone. In certain situations, a doctor may suggest a different treatment approach. Your age and overall health play a role in these decisions. Additionally, your anatomy may play a part. Depending on how the tissues of your mouth and throat are structured, a surgeon may be unable to access the surgical site easily or safely. When doctors use TORS to remove a tumor, tumor size and location are important. TORS may not be feasible for large or extensively spread tumors. If the tumor is very close to important blood vessels or nerves, TORS may carry too many risks. How do you prepare for transoral robotic surgery? Before performing TORS, a surgeon will want to get a better picture of the area where they’ll be operating and of your overall health. To do this, they’ll typically order imaging tests and a variety of blood tests. As TORS involves operating in and around the tissues of the mouth and throat, it can potentially affect functions like swallowing and speech. Due to this, you’ll meet with a speech-language therapist before your surgery. The speech-language therapist will evaluate your swallowing and speech. They’ll also discuss how TORS may affect these functions and what to expect during recovery after surgery. If you’re taking medications, your doctor will give you specific instructions on which medications you need to adjust prior to TORS. Examples of medications that may need to be adjusted before surgery are blood thinners and certain medications for diabetes or pain. Additionally, you’ll be asked to fast in the hours leading up to TORS. This means you won’t be able to eat or drink anything, save for small sips of water, after a certain point before your surgery. What happens during transoral robotic surgery? Surgeons perform TORS while you’re lying down on an operating table. A healthcare professional will give you general anesthesia, which means you won’t be conscious or feel any pain during your surgery. A device called a retractor will be used to keep your mouth open. It also helps to better expose the tissues of your mouth and throat so a surgeon can access them more readily. During TORS, the surgeon will be seated at a panel that controls the robotic system that will perform the surgery. This system includes a 3D, high definition camera and robotic arms with different surgical instruments.

The surgeon will position the camera to allow a good view of the area they’ll be operating on. They’ll then use the surgical instruments to perform the operation. When the operation is complete, the surgeon can use the instruments to close any surgical wounds with sutures. After this, they’ll remove the surgical instruments and camera and take you to the recovery room. What is recovery like after transoral robotic surgery? After TORS, you’ll be taken to the recovery room. During this time, hospital staff will monitor your vital signs as you emerge from general anesthesia. During the first 48 hours after TORS, throat pain and trouble swallowing are common. Medications can help with pain during this time. A speech-language therapist will also work with you to help you eat and drink safely. You may also have a nasogastric tube to help ensure that you get adequate nutrition and don’t inhale food into your lungs, which can lead to pneumonia. A nasogastric tube runs through your nose and into your stomach. A healthcare professional will remove it when you can swallow better on your own. You’ll likely need to stay in the hospital for a few days after TORS. When you’re able to go home, you’ll be given instructions on how to care for yourself and when you can start doing certain activities again. Be sure to follow these closely. The exact recovery time can vary from person to person. However, you’ll likely need at least 6 weeks off to completely recover from your operation. A surgeon will also want to have a follow-up with you to see how you’re recovering. During this visit, you may also have additional tests, such as imaging tests. How effective is transoral robotic surgery? A 2020 study looked at people with early stage oropharyngeal cancer who had either TORS or nonrobotic surgery. People having TORS had a slightly higher 5-year overall survival rate of almost 5% than those having nonrobotic surgery. The researchers also found that, compared with nonrobotic surgery, TORS was associated with: lower rates of positive margins, which is when cancer cells are still detectable around the edges of the removed tissue lower use of chemoradiation after surgery, a combination of cancer treatments A 2020 review of four studies compared TORS with open surgery for head and neck cancer. When compared with open surgery, TORS was associated with a shorter hospital stay and fewer risks during and after surgery. However, the study authors noted that they didn’t observe a difference between the two approaches in terms of cancer outcomes. There were no significant differences in positive margins or survival rates. A 2020 study found that TORS had a similar success and complication rate to other types of surgery for OSA. Its effects on oxygen saturation levels and sleepiness were also similar to those of other types of OSA surgery. What are the risks of transoral robotic surgery? As with any type of surgery, TORS carries a variety of risks. These include: a reaction to the general anesthesia used significant throat or neck pain excessive bleeding infection damage to your lips, teeth, or gums tongue swelling tongue numbness or weakness speech changes a blockage of your airway A 2017 study of 122 TORS operations found that 19 people (16%) experienced a major complication that was directly related to the TORS procedure. Older age and a larger area of removal were associated with an increased risk of major complications. A 2024 study specifically looked at swallowing and speech outcomes after TORS for oropharyngeal cancer. It found that most people receiving TORS had healthy long-term swallowing and speech function after their procedure. Takeaway TORS is a type of robotic surgery that may be used for head and neck cancers or for OSA. Instead of making an incision in the skin, a surgeon uses a robotic system to access the surgical site through your mouth.

TORS is generally associated with shorter hospital stays. However, you’ll likely need several weeks at home to recover after TORS. Potential risks of the procedure include bleeding, infections, and airway blockages. Before deciding on TORS as a surgical approach, be sure to have an open discussion with a surgeon about its benefits and risks. ### What is‌ Transoral Robotic Surgery? Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) ​is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove tumors‌ in the throat and⁣ mouth. ‌It employs robotic technology to allow surgeons to access and operate with precision in hard-to-reach areas. ### How should I prepare for Transoral Robotic Surgery? To prepare for Transoral Robotic Surgery, patients may be advised to stop certain medications, abstain from eating or ⁤drinking for a specific period before ⁢surgery, and arrange for post-operative care. Your healthcare provider​ will give you specific instructions based on your ⁤medical history ‌and condition. ### What happens during the Transoral Robotic Surgery procedure? During the procedure, the surgeon uses⁤ a robotic system to manipulate surgical instruments ⁢inserted through​ the mouth. The robotic arms provide enhanced dexterity and precision, allowing the surgeon to remove the tumor with minimal impact on surrounding tissues. ### How long does a Transoral⁣ Robotic ‍Surgery procedure take? The duration ​of Transoral Robotic Surgery can ⁢vary depending ‍on the complexity of the case, but it typically takes several hours.⁤ Your surgeon will provide a more accurate⁢ time estimate based‌ on your specific situation. ### What can I expect during recovery from Transoral Robotic Surgery? Post-surgery ‍recovery includes managing pain and swelling, and you may experience temporary issues with swallowing or speaking. Most patients can return to normal activities within a few weeks, with a follow-up appointment to monitor healing and address any concerns. ### Are there any risks associated with Transoral Robotic​ Surgery? As with any surgical procedure, there are risks involved, ​including bleeding, infection, and possible injury to surrounding tissues. ⁤However, TORS offers a reduced risk of complications compared to traditional open surgery due to its minimally invasive nature. ### How⁢ effective is⁣ Transoral Robotic Surgery? Transoral Robotic Surgery is considered effective‍ for removing tumors ‍of the mouth and throat while preserving vital functions like speaking and swallowing.⁤ Success rates can vary based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as‍ the patient's overall health. ### Who is a suitable candidate for Transoral Robotic ‌Surgery? Ideal candidates for TORS are ⁣individuals with certain types of tumors in the mouth, throat, ⁢or voice box. ⁢The decision is made by a healthcare team based on the tumor's characteristics and the patient's medical history. ### ⁢How does Transoral Robotic Surgery compare to traditional surgery? TORS is less invasive than traditional‌ surgery, often resulting in faster⁢ recovery times, less pain,​ and minimal scarring. It also allows for greater precision​ in ⁣removing tumors located in complex areas of the throat and mouth.

[rgcircofficial]

Throat cancer treatment

Throat cancer treatment includes surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and supportive care, tailored to cancer type and stage, enhancing recovery and quality of life. For more information: https://www.rgcirc.org/patient-family/types-of-cancer/throat-larynx-hypopharynx-cancer

[nashali-mga2023mi5019]

White Hat research - Anatomy and Physiology

so... for this topic, I wanted to continue with the sub-category of the Anatomy and Physiology of insects.

all insect species possess, (in the adult stage), three pairs of jointed legs and three main body parts - head, thorax, and Abdomen.

Overall Body Plan

Insect Body Regions: Head, Thorax, and Abdomen. See text for details. Modified from Packard 1890[1].

Insects have three major body regions: head, thorax, and abdomen (see Insect Body Regions, right).

The head is made of 5-7 fused segments and bears the eyes, antennae, and mouthparts.

The thorax consists of three segments called the pro-, meso-, and metathorax. Appendages used for movement are attached to the thorax. Each of the segments of the thorax bears one pair of legs and if wings are present they are found on the meso- and metathorax only. The top of the prothorax is called the pronotum.

An insect's abdomen consists of 11 or fewer segments that generally do not bear any appendages, except for segments near the rear which may have appendages associated with reproduction

Head and Mouthparts

The head can be divided into general regions (see General Insect Head Regions and Mouthparts, left): the top of the head is the vertex, the side or cheeks are gena, the front of the face is the front, and below the front is the clypeus. These regions may be highly modified or lost in some groups of insects. Adult insects may have two types of eyes, larger compound eyes that consist of many facets (ommatidia), and eyes that occur as a single facet, ocelli. The number and placement of ocelli can be important for identification.

The mouthparts of humans consist of five layers or horizons; upper lip, upper jaw, tongue, lower jaw, and lower lip. Insect mouthparts also consist of five horizons and are made of appendages modified for food handling (see General Mouthparts, right). The labrum is similar to an upper lip. It is not divided but may have a notch on the outer (distal) edge. Below the labrum are the mandibles, paired structures generally made of strong material (heavily sclerotized) and used for cutting or grinding. The specific shape and various features found on the mandibles may be essential for understanding what and how an organism eats. The hypopharynx is an internal structure located below the mandibles and has a tongue-like function. Below the mandibles (externally) are paired appendages called the maxillae. Generally, each maxilla bears an appendage, the maxillary palpus that is used for food handling and may contain taste or smell organs called sensillae. The bottom horizon of insect mouthparts is the labium which is made of two fused maxilla-like structures and bears labial palps.

All insect mouthparts are modifications of this basic plan. A mosquito's proboscis contains all five mouthpart types, see the cross section in Mosquito Mouthparts, B., right. In cases of extreme modification, some mouthparts may become fused, reduced, or lost. Mouthpart arrangement can be critical when studying an insect's potential to vector a disease, access a portion of a plant, etc.

Insect Legs

Insect Legs. All insect legs contain the same basic parts: coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, and tarsus, the latter of which is armed with one or two claws. The color of each leg part is the same throughout all the anatomy figures.

Insects have three pairs of legs, one pair on each of the three segments of the thorax, and are generally called the fore-, mid-, and hind legs. Any of the pairs of legs may be heavily modified and are important for locomotion, prey capture, mating, etc. Thankfully, just like mouthparts, all insect legs contain the same basic parts. From proximal (toward or against the body) to distal (away from the body) the parts of an insect leg are the coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, and tarsus. The tarsus almost always has one or two claws at the type used to grasp the substrate. The figure Insect Legs, right, shows legs modified for numerous purposes: A, running; B, jumping; C, digging; D, grasping; E, catching; F, walking and digging; G, reduced leg used for walking and digging; H, male leg modified for grasping females during mating

Basic Internal Anatomy

The internal anatomy of insects is amazingly complex. A good-sized caterpillar has more muscles than a human. The internal anatomy of insects differs from vertebrates (including humans) in several major ways.

Digestive/excretory system: Insects have a complete digestive system just like vertebrates (tube from the mouth to the anus) but it differs in a very important way (see Digestive System, left). The insect digestive system has three major regions, foregut, midgut, and hindgut.[1] The foregut and the hindgut are lined with chitin, the same stuff that makes up much of the exoskeleton of the insect. When an insect molts (sheds it's "skin", see below) it also sheds the internal lining of the fore- and hindguts. Loss of the gut contents is a problem if the insect relies on gut microorganisms (gut fauna) to help with digestion. The gut fauna often lives in the hind gut (termites, for example). Suddenly the gut fauna is lost and must be replenished with every molt.

Insects do not have kidneys. Instead, metabolic wastes are removed with the Malpighian tubules[2].

Respiratory (ventilation) system: Insects don't have lungs. They obtain oxygen and dispel carbon dioxide through a series of tubes called tracheae (see Respiratory System, right). The tracheae are attached to openings on the body called spiracles. The number and placement of spiracles varies and smaller insects may not have any. Traditionally, the view has been held that respiration in insects is passive, but recent evidence has demonstrated that some insects actively expand and contract trachea to ventilate their bodies.

Circulatory system: Insects do not have blood, or blood vessels that are part of a closed circulatory system. Instead, insects have an open circulatory system where a substance called hemolymph bathes the organs directly. Some insects have a long heart-like organ along the dorsal side of the internal organs that helps circulate the hemolymph through the body. It comprises a single sheath of tissue and a series of muscles, and in many insects includes a tubular portion that functions as a dorsal aorta. Hemolymph also circulates through the legs, wings, and antennae via a series of simple one-way valves.

info from https://wiki.bugwood.org/

[vasanthasworld]

Oral Medicine Blood Disorders Notes and Short Essays

[i-should-have-studied]

Mouth Parts of Insects

Insects feed on plants and animals in a large diversity of ways, their mouth parts have become modified for these purposes. The mouthparts are essentially a pair of mandibles, a pair of maxilla, hypopharynx, labium and labrum all modified and arranged in various ways. The 5 important types are: Biting and Chewing, Piercing and Sucking, Chewing and Lapping, Sponging, and Siphoning.

Biting and Chewing: The most primitive and unspecialized type of mouth parts, seen in grasshoppers and cockroaches.

Piercing and Sucking: Labium projects downwards from the anterior part of the head like a beak. The mandibles and maxillae are modified to form stylets, two each in bug type and 3 each in mosquito type. Mandibles are placed externally in the labial groove while maxillae are placed internally. Seen in bedbug and mosquito.

Chewing and Lapping: Mandibles are blunt and not toothed so as to crush and shape wax. Maxillolabial structured are modified to form 'lapping tongue'. Seen in honeybees.

Sponging: The proboscis is fleshy, retractile and projects downwards from the head. Proboscis has basal rostrum and distal haustellum. Proboscis consists off grooved labium within which labrum epipharynx and hypopharynx are there. End of proboscis is an enlarged disc like suction pad called Labella for sponging food. Seen in housefly.

Siphoning: Hypopharynx and epipharynx are absent, instead proboscis is formed by well-developed, greatly elongated and modified galeae of maxillae. The groove is the food channel. Seen in moths and butterflies.

[dramishchaudhary1]

Navigating Head and Neck Cancer: Types, Prevention, and Premier Treatment at Fortis South Delhi

Comprehensive Guide to Head and Neck Cancer: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment

Head and neck cancer encompasses a group of malignancies affecting various areas like the mouth, throat, and other head and neck regions. A persistent sore throat is the most prevalent symptom. Minimizing risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and HPV infections can significantly reduce the likelihood of these cancers. With early detection, these cancers are often treatable, and prevention measures play a pivotal role.

Types of Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancers manifest in different forms:

Oral Cancer: This type emerges in areas like lips, tongue, gums, cheek lining, and behind wisdom teeth. Oropharyngeal Cancer: Involving the middle throat (oropharynx), including the tonsils as a common subtype. Hypopharyngeal Cancer: Affecting the lower throat (hypopharynx). Laryngeal Cancer: Originating in the voice box (larynx) containing vocal cords. Nasopharyngeal Cancer: Occurring in the upper throat (nasopharynx). Salivary Gland Cancer: Forming in salivary glands responsible for saliva production. Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer: Developing in the nasal cavity or adjacent sinus bones. Head and neck cancers can also spread to upper neck lymph nodes.

Best head and neck cancer treatment centre in Delhi at fortis South Delhi Vasant Kunj

Addressing head and neck cancer requires timely intervention and holistic treatment. For individuals seeking the finest head and neck cancer treatment in Delhi, Fortis South Delhi in Vasant Kunj offers a ray of hope. Equipped with proficient medical teams and cutting-edge facilities, Fortis South Delhi is dedicated to delivering exceptional care and effective treatment options for those combatting head and neck cancer.

Conclusion: Expert Care for Best head and neck cancer treatment centre in Delhi at fortis South Delhi Vasant Kunj

Understanding the intricacies of head and neck cancer, its diverse forms, and the significance of early detection and prevention can have a transformative impact on high-risk individuals. Fortis South Delhi, positioned in Vasant Kunj, emerges as a reliable haven for individuals in pursuit of unparalleled care and treatment for head and neck cancer. Reach out to us to embark on your journey toward health and well-being.

[berryblogg]

Throat Cancer: Understanding the Disease and Its Effects

Throat cancer Throat cancer is a serious condition that affects thousands of people around the world. It occurs when malignant cells develop in the tissues of the throat, including the voice box, vocal cords, tonsils, oropharynx, or hypopharynx. The effects of throat cancer can be devastating, impacting a person’s ability to speak, swallow, and even breathe properly. In this blog, we will delve…

[teeth-health]

Oral cancer: the symptoms that should alert you

Oral cancer symptoms can match those of other illnesses. Six of these need special consideration.

The National Cancer Institute estimates that 70% of mouth cancer cases are detected too late. The likelihood of a full recovery is increased by early cancer identification. However, this disease's symptoms might be mistaken for those of other, frequently less severe illnesses. However, it's crucial to be watchful; if you see any of the following six symptoms, you should consult a doctor.

Oral cancer: What is it?

The term "oral cancer" refers to a variety of malignancies. It refers to all tumors that affect "the floor of the mouth, tongue, tonsils, palate, cheeks, gums, and lips," according to the National Cancer Institute.

1- Voice changes with oral cancer

It can be an indication of oral cancer if you start to stammer or if your voice gets hoarse. In reality, the illness can impact the voice, according to the British Cancer Research Institute. The organization explains that it "may grow weaker, deeper, or silent, creating the appearance that you have a cold all the time." A tumor in the hypopharynx, which is in the back of the throat, may be the cause of a harsh voice. Additionally, the condition might make it difficult to pronounce particular sounds or chew up specific phrases, which are both symptoms of articulation problems.

2- Oral cancer: loose teeth a red flag

You should seek immediate medical attention if you notice that several of your teeth are loose or shifting suddenly. Given that oral cancer is known to cause tooth loosing, this might be an indication of the disease.

3- Difficulty sticking out the tongue, one of the symptoms of oral cancer

One sign of oral cancer is difficulty extending out the tongue. According to Karen Coates of the UK oral health charity Oral Health Foundation, being unable to stretch out your tongue can be a sign of oral cancer since "cancerous tumors on or around the tongue might hinder mobility." It is thought that cancer of the tongue, lips, or palate is more frequently associated with difficulty thrusting out the tongue

4- Buzzing, tinnitus: other warning signs

Ringing in the ears from oral cancer is an uncommon side effect. In these situations, the tumor is close to the jaw, an ear, or the nose. Nasopharyngeal cancer, which affects the area of the body that joins the back of the mouth and the nose, is more likely to cause tinnitus.

5- Ears affected by tumor symptoms

A mouth-related tumor may cause discomfort in the ears. According to Coates, it depends "on where the tumor is since it might influence the nerves." Because it affects the mouth more severely if the tumor is huge, this sort of discomfort is more likely to occur. The physician explains that tumors can impact the tissues, organs, glands, and bones that surround them.

6- Weight loss: what if it's cancer?

Several cancers cause remarkable weight loss. According to the British Cancer Research Institute, eating appropriately can be challenging in people with oral cancer, which can decrease appetite and, as a result, cause weight loss.

How can I reduce my risk of oral cancer?

Any of the aforementioned symptoms may affect certain people more frequently "The National Cancer Institute warns that smokers and frequent drinkers should exercise greater caution. Alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis, and other drugs (including betel quid) are all known to encourage the growth of oral malignancies." 90% of patients with oral cavity cancer smoke, according to the Leon Berard Cancer Center. The risk increases with the amount and duration of cigarette use. Alcohol users face a six-fold increase in risk over non-drinkers.

RECOMMANDATION:

It turns out that many common dental items (such as toothpaste and mouthwash) contain harmful components that can wipe out the mouth's microbiome. This explains why teeth can thrive for many years outside the mouth (in the fossil record), while in our mouths they are destroyed by something as basic as chocolate. This is why we strongly recommend Prodentim.

ProDentim is unlike anything you’ve ever tried or experienced in your life before. It’s the only product in the world with a unique blend of 3.5 billion probiotics and nutrients, specially designed to repopulate your mouth with good bacteria.

By following these tips and taking care of your teeth and gums, you can help maintain good oral health and prevent dental problems.

[ceyhanmedya]

What are the symptoms of tongue cancer? 2023

New Post has been published on https://bankakredin.com/what-are-the-symptoms-of-tongue-cancer-2023/

What are the symptoms of tongue cancer? 2023

The tongue is located in the mouth and consists of muscles; It is an organ with functions such as chewing, swallowing, initiation of digestion, speech and taste. Cancer, on the other hand, is defined as a malignant tumor that covers certain structures in the body and spreads starting from the cells in the layers known as the epithelium. As with many tissues in the body, sometimes tumors can be seen in the tongue. 

Mouth and tongue cancers are found on the lips, tongue or gums and usually threaten men over the age of 45. It is very important for people to be informed about the types of cancer and their symptoms, because it can be vital for the person to see the doctor and be diagnosed as well as noticing the symptoms himself. Early diagnosis has a very important place in cancer types. 

What is tongue cancer?

Tongue cancer is a type of oral cancer that usually occurs in epithelial cells on the surface of the tongue or from a different tissue in the body. It progresses in the form of damage to the surrounding tissues and cells as a result of the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of tissues with different functions that make up the language and the cells that make up these tissues. 

If this tumor that occurs in the tongue is not noticed in the early period and treatment is not started, there is a risk of spreading (metastasis) to the lymph nodes in the neck or to different organs in the body, and in this case, the disease becomes much more serious. In order to avoid this risk, we should have sufficient information about cancer types by experts and we should have regular check-ups. In this way, our probability of early diagnosis increases. 

In the early stages of oral cancers, sometimes the symptoms are absent or very mild, so it is very difficult to diagnose. For this reason, oral and tongue cancers are among the dangerous types of cancer and are in the 8th place among the most common cancer types. People who smoke or drink alcohol are much more likely to develop this cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to be more attentive to the symptoms. 

Tongue cancer is the most common type of cancer that can be seen in the mouth. Apart from the tongue, cancer can also be seen in the mouth floor – sublingual, gingiva and jawbone (mandible maxilla), cheek, tonsil – tonsils, hard and soft palates – uvula or lip parts. 

What are the types of tongue and intraoral tumors?

Benign Tumors:  Some tumors seen in the tongue are benign tumors called papillomas (warty tumors), fibromas and granulomas.

Malignant Tumors: 

Squamous Cell (Epidermoid) Cancer: It is the most common type of tumor in the epithelial layer on the surface of the tongue. This type of cancer is also the most common type of tumor seen in the head and neck region. Examples of areas where tumors can be seen in the head and neck region are the nose, mouth (oral cavity), throat, pharynx (oropharynx), lower pharynx (hypopharynx) and larynx (larynx). 

Mucoepidermoid Cancer: It is the type of tumor seen in the salivary gland cells in microscopic sizes in the epithelial tissue on the surface of the tongue. Apart from the tongue, it can also originate from the epithelial tissues of different organs in the head and neck region. This tumor can also occur in areas opening to the oral cavity called parotid (in front of the ear), submandibular (under the chin), and sublingual (sublingual salivary glands). In this type of cancer, the symptom is usually swelling. 

Adenocystic Cancer (Adenoid cystic cancer): It is seen in salivary gland cells in microscopic sizes in the epithelial tissue on the surface of the tongue, as in mucoepidermoid cancer type. It occurs in areas where mucoepidermoid cancer type can be seen, and likewise, its symptom is mostly seen as swelling. 

What is the incidence of tongue cancer?

The incidence of tongue cancer among all oral cancers is 3%. It is the most common lip cancer among oral cancers, but tongue cancer comes in the second place. The probability of being seen in individuals under the age of 40 is very low, but the incidence increases gradually after the age of 60-70. It is also more likely to occur in men than in women. This is due to the fact that smoking and alcohol use are more common in men than in women. 

What are the causes of tongue and oral tumors or cancer?

Frequent use of cigarettes or different tobacco products, 

Persistent and excessive alcohol consumption

Problems in oral hygiene (such as untreated decayed teeth, gingivitis, tooth fractures, tooth irregularities)

Dental prostheses that irritate the mucosa over time because they do not fit well,

human papillomavirus (HPV) status,

It can be counted as betel chewing, which is common in the Southeast Asian region. 

In some patients, these factors may not cause cancer. This should still be taken into account. 

What are the symptoms seen in tongue and oral cancer or tumor?

Having a red-white patchy sore or ulcer on the tongue, usually on its side, that does not last for weeks and sometimes months, and this wound grows into a serious condition as time passes, unlike other wounds,

The wound on the tongue causes pain as time passes, and sometimes even this pain hits the ear, 

Pain when chewing or swallowing while eating, 

Feeling of hardening in the tissue of the tongue,

Bad odor in the breath

Sometimes feeling numbness in the tongue or in certain areas in the mouth,

Changes in the person’s voice

Unexplained weight loss

Mass formation in the head or neck region,

Observation of growth in the glands in the neck region,

Difficulty during mouth opening can be counted as feeling pain. 

Anyone who notices these symptoms in himself should consult an otolaryngologist as soon as possible. If the doctor suspects, a biopsy test is requested and a diagnosis is made according to the result. If the doctor diagnoses tongue cancer in the biopsy results, some tests are performed to test whether this cancer has spread to different tissues in the body, the size of the tumor, and the stage of the tumor. The imaging modalities that can be used at this stage are known as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), or MRI. As a result of this imaging, the treatment that should be applied to the person is created by the specialist physician. 

What are the methods in the treatment of tongue cancer?

Tongue cancer is a type of cancer that can be treated, but early diagnosis is vital in this type of cancer, as in all cancer types. Surgical method comes to mind as the first and main treatment in tongue cancer. In this surgical method, tumor removal is performed. However, radiotherapy or chemotherapy treatment is required in people who are found to have an advanced stage of tongue cancer or have spread to different regions as a result of imaging studies. In such cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy is usually added to the surgical method. In the treatment options applied, the most efficient results are obtained in patients who are diagnosed when the cancer is at an early stage, have cancer that has not spread, and are in good general condition. 

Surgical Method: The complexity of surgical treatment performed according to the size of the tumors may also differ. In case of tongue cancer, it is necessary to clean the lymph nodes and lymph vessels that are suspicious or at risk, since there is usually a possibility of spreading. This operation is called neck dissection. 

Radiotherapy: In cancer types that are at an advanced stage or that have spread as a result of imaging techniques, it is necessary to undergo radiotherapy after the surgical procedure. Radiotherapy treatment is also recommended for people who are unable to perform surgery or in cases of cancer that recurs despite the surgery. 

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is not applied as a stand-alone treatment in patients with tongue cancer, but is recommended by physicians in cases where other treatments do not work or as an additional treatment to radiotherapy. 

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Elective Surgical versus Radiation Therapy Treatment in Head and Neck Cancer

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