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[webigg02]

Best Practices for Web Designing – A Guide by Webigg Technology

In today's digital landscape, web design is more than just aesthetics—it’s about creating an engaging, user-friendly experience that drives conversions and retains visitors. At Webigg Technology, we specialize in crafting high-performance websites that are visually appealing, functional, and optimized for success.

Whether you're designing a business website, an e-commerce store, or a portfolio site, following best practices ensures that your site stands out. Below, we share the top web design principles that every designer should follow.

1. Mobile-First Design – Optimize for All Devices

With mobile users surpassing desktop users, a mobile-first approach is no longer optional—it’s a necessity. 🔹 Ensure your site is fully responsive, adjusting seamlessly to different screen sizes. 🔹 Use a fluid grid layout that adapts to various devices. 🔹 Test navigation, buttons, and forms for touch-friendly interaction.

💡 Pro Tip: Use Google's Mobile-Friendly Test to check if your site meets mobile optimization standards.

2. Intuitive Navigation – Keep It Simple & Accessible

Users should be able to find what they need quickly and effortlessly. ✅ Use clear and concise menus with logical categories. ✅ Keep the number of menu items minimal (5-7 is ideal). ✅ Implement breadcrumbs to help users track their navigation path. ✅ Ensure that the search bar is visible and functional.

💡 Pro Tip: Follow the 3-click rule—users should reach their destination within three clicks.

3. Fast Loading Speed – Optimize for Performance

A slow website kills engagement. According to research, 53% of visitors leave a site if it takes more than 3 seconds to load. 🚀 Optimize images using WebP format to reduce file size. 🚀 Minify CSS, JavaScript, and HTML to improve speed. 🚀 Enable browser caching and use a Content Delivery Network (CDN). 🚀 Reduce server response time by using a reliable hosting provider.

💡 Pro Tip: Test your website’s speed using Google PageSpeed Insights or GTmetrix.

4. Consistent Branding – Maintain a Unified Look

Your website should reflect your brand’s identity with a consistent color scheme, typography, and design elements. 🎨 Use a color palette that aligns with your brand personality. 🖋 Choose 2-3 readable fonts and use them consistently across the site. 🖼 Maintain uniformity in images and icons to create a cohesive visual experience.

💡 Pro Tip: Stick to one primary color, one accent color, and neutral background tones for balance.

5. SEO-Friendly Structure – Make Your Website Searchable

A well-designed website should be easily discoverable on Google and other search engines. 🔍 Use SEO-friendly URLs (e.g., yourwebsite.com/best-web-design-practices). 🔍 Optimize images with alt text to improve accessibility and ranking. 🔍 Implement schema markup to enhance search visibility. 🔍 Ensure fast page load speeds, which Google prioritizes in rankings.

💡 Pro Tip: Write compelling meta titles and descriptions with relevant keywords for better click-through rates.

6. User-Friendly Content – Focus on Readability & Engagement

A great design needs great content to complement it. 📝 Use short paragraphs and bullet points for easy reading. 📝 Implement clear call-to-action (CTA) buttons (e.g., "Get a Quote," "Shop Now"). 📝 Avoid jargon—write in a language your audience understands. 📝 Use visual elements like images, infographics, and videos to enhance engagement.

💡 Pro Tip: Stick to a F-shaped reading pattern—users tend to scan content from left to right and top to bottom.

7. Security & Data Protection – Build Trust with Users

A secure website is a trustworthy website. 🔐 Install an SSL certificate to enable HTTPS. 🔐 Keep your CMS, themes, and plugins updated. 🔐 Implement CAPTCHAs and firewalls to prevent cyberattacks. 🔐 Use secure payment gateways for e-commerce websites.

💡 Pro Tip: Display trust badges, customer reviews, and privacy policy links to enhance credibility.

8. Accessibility Compliance – Design for Everyone

A website should be usable for all visitors, including those with disabilities. ♿ Use alt text for images so screen readers can describe visuals. ♿ Ensure keyboard navigation compatibility for those who cannot use a mouse. ♿ Provide contrast-rich color combinations for better readability. ♿ Use ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes to improve usability.

💡 Pro Tip: Test your website with WebAIM’s Accessibility Evaluation Tool to ensure compliance with WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines).

9. Minimalist Design – Less Is More

A clean, clutter-free design enhances user experience. 🖥 Stick to simple layouts that guide users naturally. 🖥 Avoid too many pop-ups—they disrupt the user journey. 🖥 Use white space effectively to improve readability and visual appeal.

💡 Pro Tip: Follow the 80/20 rule—80% content, 20% design to maintain a balanced structure.

10. Continuous Testing & Improvement – Stay Updated

A website should evolve based on performance analytics and user behavior. 📊 Use Google Analytics to track visitor activity and optimize pages accordingly. 📊 Conduct A/B testing on buttons, headlines, and layouts to improve conversion rates. 📊 Gather user feedback and make data-driven improvements.

💡 Pro Tip: Set up heatmaps using tools like Hotjar to understand how visitors interact with your site.

Conclusion – Elevate Your Web Design with Webigg Technology

At Webigg Technology, we believe that a great website is a powerful business tool. By following these best practices in web design, you can create a site that is not only aesthetically stunning but also user-friendly, fast, and conversion-focused.

🚀 Whether you need a business website, e-commerce store, portfolio site, or custom web application, our expert team at Webigg Technology is here to help.

Let’s Build Something Extraordinary!

For more details on our products and services, please feel free to visit us at: Web design, Website design, Hire Dedicated Resources & Offshoring Services, CRM Solutions.

Please feel free to visit us at:https://webigg.com/

[denemekullanma]

Bana

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[tasos-perte-tzortzis]

Breaking News Business, Economy, Multimedia, Web Development, Science, World

[Another child was poisoned by eating cheese, Puzzone Apss cheese]

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Dnews: Hepatitis A contaminated fruit recalled - Alarm in European countries, Albert Heijn, AH Zakje frozen blueberries

ProNews: After X and Meta, Google abolishes censorship!

[LIDL Ie: Urgent recall of contaminated cheeses – May cause vomiting and diarrhea, Deluxe Sriracha Cheddar Cheese Wedge]

WealthyAffiliate: Jaaxy and the Impact of Google's Move to Require Javascript

NameCheap: Domain Insights and Trends Report

[Authorities closed 115 restaurants in Ireland over 'excessive' cleanliness]

[Recall of popular packaged food, Lidl, Vemondo brand vegetable nuggets with vegetables]

[EFET: Second recall of chicken product with salmonella from the same company, “Kotopoula Nafpaktos – Kontohristos”]

WealthyAffiliate: Finding Pinterest Keyword Search Volume With Idea Pins (expert class streaming Jan 18)

BuddyCarter: Carter introduces bill abolishing IRS, tax code. [Huge - the time has come.]

[Pendulum Bridge. The crash begins for BTC & ETH. They are going to (0). Think Stock Markets. Everything to Stellar. Pendulum facilitates it.] !

NameCheap: Free font generator. Transform your text with unique characters and symbols or copy and paste stunning, personalized fonts. !

[The heart is not a pump. Blood cells in fact spin on their own individual axes of rotation. They are smaller spinning cells in a larger spinning vortex.]

TheNewYorkTimes: Darrin Bell, Pulitzer-Winning Cartoonist, Faces Child Pornography Charges

BankingNews: The corona-fraud propaganda has collapsed – Moderna is paralyzed, it will hardly survive - Terror in Pfizer, AstraZeneca

Best Quotes

If a physical object or event can evoke an emotion, that emotion can equally create that object or event. This happens because your psychological state shapes your physical reality.

Holiday/New Year Sales

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WebMarketSupport News:

New Podcast Episode: 2023-2024

Business Storytelling: Don't Sell, Take People On a Journey. Latest article. Comprehensive analysis and a sneak peek into the innovative storytelling framework "7ID StoryX". The "Story Odyssey" experience unlocked (inside the member's area). Just signup with your email to get access to all the upcoming releases.

Knowledge Economy Success Blueprint: Theory Hub: Jan 16, new subsection in the section “Info-Products” – Packaging and Pricing”. Workshop #12: Landing page development with the 7ID StoryX storytelling framework. Hidden book inside. A 4-hour workshop for ambitious business owners.

Upcoming:

WORKSHOP #13: Exclusive for members. Packaging and pricing for the 1st info-product in the numismatic industry. WORKSHOP #14: The Value-Led Revelation Launch. Live Challenge

Stay tuned for more!

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[buzzboosting]

How to Optimize Your Website for Lead Generation Like a Pro

In today’s competitive digital landscape, a well-optimized website is not just a luxury but a necessity for successful lead generation. Whether you're a small business owner or a digital marketer, knowing how to fine-tune your website to attract and convert leads can make a significant difference in your bottom line. If you're searching for ways to boost your online presence as a website development company in Patna, this guide is for you.

1. Create Clear and Compelling Call-to-Actions (CTAs)

CTAs are the lifeblood of lead generation. Ensure your CTAs are:

Visually Striking: Use contrasting colors to make them stand out.

Action-Oriented: Use persuasive language like "Get Your Free Quote" or "Download Now."

Strategically Placed: Position CTAs above the fold, at the end of blog posts, and on landing pages.

2. Optimize Landing Pages

Landing pages are where conversions happen. A well-designed landing page should:

Have a Single Focus: Avoid distractions and keep the focus on one offer.

Include Testimonials: Showcase social proof to build trust.

Use Engaging Visuals: Include high-quality images or videos relevant to your offer.

Simplify Forms: Request only essential information to reduce friction.

3. Use Lead Magnets

Offer something valuable in exchange for contact information. Effective lead magnets include:

E-books and Whitepapers: Provide in-depth insights.

Webinars: Engage your audience with live, interactive content.

Discounts or Free Trials: Encourage immediate action.

4. Improve Website Load Speed

A slow-loading website can drive potential leads away. Use tools like Google PageSpeed Insights to identify and fix issues. Key tips include:

Compress Images: Reduce file sizes without compromising quality.

Minimize Code: Remove unnecessary HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Use a Content Delivery Network (CDN): Deliver content faster to global users.

5. Implement Live Chat

Adding a live chat feature can significantly improve lead capture. Benefits include:

Immediate Assistance: Address queries in real-time.

Personalized Interaction: Use chatbots to offer tailored suggestions.

24/7 Availability: Capture leads even outside business hours.

6. Leverage SEO for Organic Traffic

Optimizing your website for search engines can attract high-quality leads. As a website development company in Patna, you can implement these SEO strategies:

Target Long-Tail Keywords: Focus on phrases like "best website development company in Patna" to reflect user intent.

Create High-Quality Content: Publish blogs, case studies, and guides relevant to your services.

Build Backlinks: Gain authority by earning links from reputable websites.

7. Use Analytics to Monitor and Improve

Regularly analyze your website’s performance using tools like Google Analytics and Hotjar. Focus on:

Traffic Sources: Identify where your visitors are coming from.

Conversion Rates: Measure the effectiveness of your CTAs and landing pages.

User Behavior: Understand how visitors navigate your site.

8. Ensure Mobile Responsiveness

With a significant percentage of traffic coming from mobile devices, your website must be mobile-friendly. Key considerations include:

Responsive Design: Ensure your site adjusts seamlessly to different screen sizes.

Fast Mobile Load Times: Optimize for speed on mobile devices.

Easy Navigation: Simplify menus and clickable elements for smaller screens.

9. A/B Test Regularly

Experimentation is key to optimization. Conduct A/B tests to find what works best:

Test CTAs: Experiment with colors, text, and placement.

Test Landing Pages: Try different headlines, visuals, and layouts.

Test Forms: Assess the impact of shorter versus longer forms.

10. Integrate Social Proof

Build trust with your audience by showcasing:

Customer Testimonials: Highlight positive feedback.

Case Studies: Share success stories.

Trust Badges: Display certifications and security seals.

Final Thoughts

Optimizing your website for lead generation is an ongoing process that requires attention to detail and a commitment to improvement. By implementing these strategies, you can create a website that not only attracts visitors but also converts them into valuable leads. If you're a website development company in Patna, these tips can set you apart from the competition and help your business thrive. Start optimizing today and watch your business grow!

[amitt01]

The Ultimate Web Development Company in Delhi and Gurgaon - Creative Matka Solutions

In today's digital world, having an online presence is crucial for businesses looking to expand their reach and establish a strong brand identity. One of the most effective ways to achieve this is by having a well-designed, functional, and user-friendly website. This is where Creative Matka Solutions, one of the best web development companies in Delhi and Gurgaon, comes into play. With a proven track record of delivering high-quality web solutions, Creative Matka Solutions is trusted by businesses across different industries for their web development needs.

Why Choose Creative Matka Solutions?

Creative Matka Solutions stands out in the competitive landscape of web development companies in Delhi and Gurgaon due to its expertise, innovation, and dedication to providing client-centric services. Here are several reasons why Creative Matka Solutions is the preferred choice for businesses looking for web development services:

Expert Team of Developers and Designers At Creative Matka Solutions, web development is more than just coding; it’s about creating engaging, user-friendly experiences that are built with the latest technologies. The company employs a talented team of developers, designers, and digital marketing experts who work collaboratively to bring your ideas to life. From front-end development to back-end solutions, Creative Matka Solutions excels in all aspects of web development.

Tailored Solutions to Meet Business Needs Every business is unique, and so are its web development requirements. Creative Matka Solutions takes a personalized approach to understand the specific needs and goals of its clients. The team works closely with each client to design and develop a website that not only looks great but also performs optimally to meet business objectives. Whether it's an e-commerce platform, a corporate website, or a personal blog, the company tailors its services to ensure the final product aligns with the client's vision.

Latest Technologies and Tools The digital landscape is constantly evolving, and staying ahead of the curve is crucial for web development. Creative Matka Solutions ensures that its websites are built using the latest tools, frameworks, and technologies. They are proficient in HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, PHP, React, WordPress, and more, allowing them to deliver websites that are fast, responsive, and scalable. The company also ensures that all websites are compatible with various devices, including smartphones, tablets, and desktops, providing a seamless experience to users across platforms.

SEO-Friendly Websites A beautiful website is of little use if it doesn't show up on search engines. Understanding the importance of search engine optimization (SEO), Creative Matka Solutions ensures that all the websites they develop are SEO-friendly. They incorporate SEO best practices during the development process, ensuring that each website is structured in a way that helps it rank higher on search engines like Google. From fast load times to keyword optimization and user-friendly URLs, they ensure that SEO is prioritized at every stage of the web development process.

Affordable and Transparent Pricing Despite offering premium services, Creative Matka Solutions is committed to providing affordable web development solutions. The company believes in transparency and works with clients to provide detailed quotes and project timelines upfront. This ensures that businesses know exactly what to expect in terms of both cost and delivery, without any hidden charges or surprises. The company also offers flexible payment plans to accommodate different business budgets.

Timely Delivery and Support One of the biggest concerns for businesses when it comes to web development is the timely delivery of the project. Creative Matka Solutions understands the importance of meeting deadlines and ensures that all projects are completed within the agreed timeline. Additionally, the company provides ongoing support and maintenance services, ensuring that your website continues to function smoothly and effectively after launch. Whether it's regular updates, troubleshooting, or security patches, the team is always available to offer assistance whenever needed.

Proven Track Record of Success Creative Matka Solutions has successfully delivered web development projects for a wide range of clients across various industries. Their portfolio showcases a diverse range of websites, from small business websites to large-scale enterprise solutions. Client testimonials and reviews highlight the company’s ability to deliver top-notch results, making them one of the most trusted web development companies in Delhi and Gurgaon.

Conclusion

When it comes to web development, Creative Matka Solutions is a name that businesses in Delhi, Gurgaon, and beyond can trust. Their combination of expert knowledge, cutting-edge technologies, and client-centric approach makes them a standout choice for companies looking to build a strong online presence. Whether you are a startup, a small business, or a large corporation, Creative Matka Solutions has the expertise to create a website that not only meets your needs but also exceeds your expectations.

[geeconsystems]

Things Will Change The Way You Approach Web Designing Company In Mumbai

Approaching a web designing company in Mumbai with a strategic mindset can significantly enhance the outcome of your project. Here are some key considerations and steps that can change the way you approach and work with a web designing company:

1. Clearly Define Your Goals

Specific Objectives:

Outline what you aim to achieve with your website. Whether it’s increasing brand awareness, driving sales, or providing information, having clear goals will guide the design process.

Target Audience:

Identify your target audience. Understanding their preferences and behavior will help the web design company create a user-centric design.

2. Research and Shortlist Companies

Portfolio Review:

Examine the portfolios of different web design companies in Mumbai. Look for diversity in design and functionality to ensure they can handle your specific needs.

Client Testimonials and Reviews:

Read reviews and testimonials from past clients. This can give you insights into their reliability, quality of work, and customer service.

3. Emphasize Communication and Collaboration

Initial Consultation:

Schedule an initial consultation to discuss your project. Assess their understanding of your needs and their ability to communicate effectively.

Regular Updates:

Establish a communication plan with regular updates and meetings. This ensures transparency and keeps the project on track.

4. Focus on User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI) Design

User-Centric Design:

Prioritize UX/UI design to ensure the website is intuitive and engaging. A good web design company will focus on the user journey and usability.

Responsive Design:

Ensure the company designs a responsive website that works seamlessly on all devices, including smartphones and tablets.

5. Consider SEO and Performance Optimization

SEO Integration:

Choose a company that integrates SEO best practices into the design process. This includes proper use of tags, keywords, and metadata to improve search engine rankings.

Performance Metrics:

Discuss performance optimization techniques such as fast loading times, optimized images, and efficient coding practices.

6. Evaluate Their Technical Expertise

Technological Proficiency:

Ensure the company is proficient in the latest web technologies and platforms, such as HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, and popular content management systems like WordPress or Drupal.

Custom Solutions:

If you need custom functionalities, verify their ability to develop bespoke solutions tailored to your specific requirements.

7. Review Their Project Management Approach

Structured Process:

Ask about their project management methodology. A structured approach, such as Agile or Scrum, can enhance flexibility and efficiency.

Milestones and Deadlines:

Set clear milestones and deadlines to track progress. This helps in managing time and resources effectively.

8. Assess Post-Launch Support and Maintenance

Ongoing Support:

Ensure the company provides post-launch support and maintenance. Websites require regular updates and potential troubleshooting.

Training and Documentation:

Request training for your team and proper documentation for the website. This ensures you can manage and update the site as needed.

9. Discuss Budget and Payment Terms

Transparent Pricing:

Get a detailed quote with a breakdown of costs. This helps in understanding what you are paying for and avoiding hidden charges.

Flexible Payment Plans:

Negotiate payment terms that align with your budget and project milestones.

10. Legal and Contractual Considerations

Detailed Contract:

Ensure all aspects of the project are detailed in a contract, including scope, timelines, costs, and intellectual property rights.

Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA):

Consider signing an NDA to protect sensitive information and ideas discussed during the project.

By taking these steps, you can ensure a more productive and successful collaboration with a web designing company in Mumbai, leading to a website that meets your needs and exceeds your expectations. Visit more information for your website

[extracatchy09-blog]

Extra Catchy

Business address

11, Chandrapuspa Bldg, Above Mayur furniture, Opp. Railway Station, 400086, Ghatkopar West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400086, India

 Business phone

+91 90041 77177

 Business e-mail

extracatchy@gmail.com

 Website

http://extracatchy.net

 Description

At Extra Catchy everything we do in blogging is to share knowledge and the latest motivational quotes, pictures, development tips and tricks, and life hacks, so our users would have the knowledge they were seeking.

 Category

Tech Blogging

 Keywords

Motivational Pictures

WordPress

Javascript or any development related

 Payment Methods

Online

[webigg02]

Best Practices for Web Designing – A Guide by Webigg Technology

In today's digital landscape, web design is more than just aesthetics—it’s about creating an engaging, user-friendly experience that drives conversions and retains visitors. At Webigg Technology, we specialize in crafting high-performance websites that are visually appealing, functional, and optimized for success.

Whether you're designing a business website, an e-commerce store, or a portfolio site, following best practices ensures that your site stands out. Below, we share the top web design principles that every designer should follow.

1. Mobile-First Design – Optimize for All Devices

With mobile users surpassing desktop users, a mobile-first approach is no longer optional—it’s a necessity. 🔹 Ensure your site is fully responsive, adjusting seamlessly to different screen sizes. 🔹 Use a fluid grid layout that adapts to various devices. 🔹 Test navigation, buttons, and forms for touch-friendly interaction.

💡 Pro Tip: Use Google's Mobile-Friendly Test to check if your site meets mobile optimization standards.

2. Intuitive Navigation – Keep It Simple & Accessible

Users should be able to find what they need quickly and effortlessly. ✅ Use clear and concise menus with logical categories. ✅ Keep the number of menu items minimal (5-7 is ideal). ✅ Implement breadcrumbs to help users track their navigation path. ✅ Ensure that the search bar is visible and functional.

💡 Pro Tip: Follow the 3-click rule—users should reach their destination within three clicks.

3. Fast Loading Speed – Optimize for Performance

A slow website kills engagement. According to research, 53% of visitors leave a site if it takes more than 3 seconds to load. 🚀 Optimize images using WebP format to reduce file size. 🚀 Minify CSS, JavaScript, and HTML to improve speed. 🚀 Enable browser caching and use a Content Delivery Network (CDN). 🚀 Reduce server response time by using a reliable hosting provider.

💡 Pro Tip: Test your website’s speed using Google PageSpeed Insights or GTmetrix.

4. Consistent Branding – Maintain a Unified Look

Your website should reflect your brand’s identity with a consistent color scheme, typography, and design elements. 🎨 Use a color palette that aligns with your brand personality. 🖋 Choose 2-3 readable fonts and use them consistently across the site. 🖼 Maintain uniformity in images and icons to create a cohesive visual experience.

💡 Pro Tip: Stick to one primary color, one accent color, and neutral background tones for balance.

5. SEO-Friendly Structure – Make Your Website Searchable

A well-designed website should be easily discoverable on Google and other search engines. 🔍 Use SEO-friendly URLs (e.g., yourwebsite.com/best-web-design-practices). 🔍 Optimize images with alt text to improve accessibility and ranking. 🔍 Implement schema markup to enhance search visibility. 🔍 Ensure fast page load speeds, which Google prioritizes in rankings.

💡 Pro Tip: Write compelling meta titles and descriptions with relevant keywords for better click-through rates.

6. User-Friendly Content – Focus on Readability & Engagement

A great design needs great content to complement it. 📝 Use short paragraphs and bullet points for easy reading. 📝 Implement clear call-to-action (CTA) buttons (e.g., "Get a Quote," "Shop Now"). 📝 Avoid jargon—write in a language your audience understands. 📝 Use visual elements like images, infographics, and videos to enhance engagement.

💡 Pro Tip: Stick to a F-shaped reading pattern—users tend to scan content from left to right and top to bottom.

7. Security & Data Protection – Build Trust with Users

A secure website is a trustworthy website. 🔐 Install an SSL certificate to enable HTTPS. 🔐 Keep your CMS, themes, and plugins updated. 🔐 Implement CAPTCHAs and firewalls to prevent cyberattacks. 🔐 Use secure payment gateways for e-commerce websites.

💡 Pro Tip: Display trust badges, customer reviews, and privacy policy links to enhance credibility.

8. Accessibility Compliance – Design for Everyone

A website should be usable for all visitors, including those with disabilities. ♿ Use alt text for images so screen readers can describe visuals. ♿ Ensure keyboard navigation compatibility for those who cannot use a mouse. ♿ Provide contrast-rich color combinations for better readability. ♿ Use ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes to improve usability.

💡 Pro Tip: Test your website with WebAIM’s Accessibility Evaluation Tool to ensure compliance with WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines).

9. Minimalist Design – Less Is More

A clean, clutter-free design enhances user experience. 🖥 Stick to simple layouts that guide users naturally. 🖥 Avoid too many pop-ups—they disrupt the user journey. 🖥 Use white space effectively to improve readability and visual appeal.

💡 Pro Tip: Follow the 80/20 rule—80% content, 20% design to maintain a balanced structure.

10. Continuous Testing & Improvement – Stay Updated

A website should evolve based on performance analytics and user behavior. 📊 Use Google Analytics to track visitor activity and optimize pages accordingly. 📊 Conduct A/B testing on buttons, headlines, and layouts to improve conversion rates. 📊 Gather user feedback and make data-driven improvements.

💡 Pro Tip: Set up heatmaps using tools like Hotjar to understand how visitors interact with your site.

Conclusion – Elevate Your Web Design with Webigg Technology

At Webigg Technology, we believe that a great website is a powerful business tool. By following these best practices in web design, you can create a site that is not only aesthetically stunning but also user-friendly, fast, and conversion-focused.

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[shinelikethunder]

Fandom Userscript Cookbook: Five Projects to Get Your Feet Wet

Target audience: This post is dedicated, with love, to all novice, aspiring, occasional, or thwarted coders in fandom. If you did a code bootcamp once and don’t know where to start applying your new skillz, this is for you. If you're pretty good with HTML and CSS but the W3Schools Javascript tutorials have you feeling out of your depth, this is for you. If you can do neat things in Python but don’t know a good entry point for web programming, this is for you. Seasoned programmers looking for small, fun, low-investment hobby projects with useful end results are also welcome to raid this post for ideas.

You will need:

The Tampermonkey browser extension to run and edit userscripts

A handful of example userscripts from greasyfork.org. Just pick a few that look nifty and install them. AO3 Savior is a solid starting point for fandom tinkering.

Your browser dev tools. Hit F12 or right click > Inspect Element to find the stuff on the page you want to tweak and experiment with it. Move over to the Console tab once you’ve got code to test out and debug.

Javascript references and tutorials. W3Schools has loads of both. Mozilla’s JS documentation is top-notch, and I often just keep their reference lists of built-in String and Array functions open in tabs as I code. StackOverflow is useful for questions, but don’t assume the code snippets you find there are always reliable or copypastable.

That’s it. No development environment. No installing node.js or Ruby or Java or two different versions of Python. No build tools, no dependency management, no fucking Docker containers. No command line, even. Just a browser extension, the browser’s built-in dev tools, and reference material. Let’s go.

You might also want:

jQuery and its documentation. If you’re wrestling with a mess of generic spans and divs and sparse, unhelpful use of classes, jQuery selectors are your best bet for finding the element you want before you snap and go on a murderous rampage. jQuery also happens to be the most ubiquitous JS library out there, the essential Swiss army knife for working with Javascript’s... quirks, so experience with it is useful. It gets a bad rap because trying to build a whole house with a Swiss army knife is a fool’s errand, but it’s excellent for the stuff we're about to do.

Git or other source control, if you’ve already got it set up. By all means share your work on Github. Greasy Fork can publish a userscript from a Github repo. It can also publish a userscript from an uploaded text file or some code you pasted into the upload form, so don’t stress about it if you’re using a more informal process.

A text editor. Yes, seriously, this is optional. It’s a question of whether you’d rather code everything right there in Tampermonkey’s live editor, or keep a separate copy to paste into Tampermonkey’s live editor for testing. Are you feeling lucky, punk?

Project #1: Hack on an existing userscript

Install some nifty-looking scripts for websites you visit regularly. Use them. Ponder small additions that would make them even niftier. Take a look at their code in the Tampermonkey editor. (Dashboard > click on the script name.) Try to figure out what each bit is doing.

Then change something, hit save, and refresh the page.

Break it. Make it select the wrong element on the page to modify. Make it blow up with a huge pile of console errors. Add a console.log("I’m a teapot"); in the middle of a loop so it prints fifty times. Savor your power to make the background wizardry of the internet do incredibly dumb shit.

Then try a small improvement. It will probably break again. That's why you've got the live editor and the console, baby--poke it, prod it, and make it log everything it's doing until you've made it work.

Suggested bells and whistles to make the already-excellent AO3 Savior script even fancier:

Enable wildcards on a field that currently requires an exact match. Surely there’s at least one song lyric or Richard Siken quote you never want to see in any part of a fic title ever again, right?

Add some text to the placeholder message. Give it a pretty background color. Change the amount of space it takes up on the page.

Blacklist any work with more than 10 fandoms listed. Then add a line to the AO3 Savior Config script to make the number customizable.

Add a global blacklist of terms that will get a work hidden no matter what field they're in.

Add a list of blacklisted tag combinations. Like "I'm okay with some coffee shop AUs, but the ones that are also tagged as fluff don't interest me, please hide them." Or "Character A/Character B is cute but I don't want to read PWP about them."

Anything else you think of!

Project #2: Good Artists Borrow, Great Artists Fork (DIY blacklisting)

Looking at existing scripts as a model for the boilerplate you'll need, create a script that runs on a site you use regularly that doesn't already have a blacklisting/filtering feature. If you can't think of one, Dreamwidth comments make a good guinea pig. (There's a blacklist script for them out there, but reinventing wheels for fun is how you learn, right? ...right?) Create a simple blacklisting script of your own for that site.

Start small for the site-specific HTML wrangling. Take an array of blacklisted keywords and log any chunk of post/comment text that contains one of them.

Then try to make the post/comment it belongs to disappear.

Then add a placeholder.

Then get fancy with whitelists and matching metadata like usernames/titles/tags as well.

Crib from existing blacklist scripts like AO3 Savior as shamelessly as you feel the need to. If you publish the resulting userscript for others to install (which you should, if it fills an unmet need!), please comment up any substantial chunks of copypasted or closely-reproduced code with credit/a link to the original. If your script basically is the original with some key changes, like our extra-fancy AO3 Savior above, see if there’s a public Git repo you can fork.

Project #3: Make the dread Tumblr beast do a thing

Create a small script that runs on the Tumblr dashboard. Make it find all the posts on the page and log their IDs. Then log whether they're originals or reblogs. Then add a fancy border to the originals. Then add a different fancy border to your own posts. All of this data should be right there in the post HTML, so no need to derive it by looking for "x reblogged y" or source links or whatever--just make liberal use of Inspect Element and the post's data- attributes.

Extra credit: Explore the wildly variable messes that Tumblr's API spews out, and try to recreate XKit's timestamps feature with jQuery AJAX calls. (Post timestamps are one of the few reliable API data points.) Get a zillion bright ideas about what else you could do with the API data. Go through more actual post data to catalogue all the inconsistencies you’d have to catch. Cry as Tumblr kills the dream you dreamed.

Project #4: Make the dread Tumblr beast FIX a thing

Create a script that runs on individual Tumblr blogs (subdomains of tumblr.com). Browse some blogs with various themes until you've found a post with the upside-down reblog-chain bug and a post with reblogs displaying normally. Note the HTML differences between them. Make the script detect and highlight upside-down stacks of blockquotes. Then see if you can make it extract the blockquotes and reassemble them in the correct order. At this point you may be mobbed by friends and acquaintainces who want a fix for this fucking bug, which you can take as an opportunity to bury any lingering doubts about the usefulness of your scripting adventures.

(Note: Upside-down reblogs are the bug du jour as of September 2019. If you stumble upon this post later, please substitute whatever the latest Tumblr fuckery is that you'd like to fix.)

Project #5: Regular expressions are a hard limit

I mentioned up above that Dreamwidth comments are good guinea pigs for user scripting? You know what that means. Kinkmemes. Anon memes too, but kinkmemes (appropriately enough) offer so many opportunities for coding masochism. So here's a little exercise in sadism on my part, for anyone who wants to have fun (or "fun") with regular expressions:

Write a userscript that highlights all the prompts on any given page of a kinkmeme that have been filled.

Specifically, scan all the comment subject lines on the page for anything that looks like the title of a kinkmeme fill, and if you find one, highlight the prompt at the top of its thread. The nice ones will start with "FILL:" or end with "part 1/?" or "3/3 COMPLETE." The less nice ones will be more like "(former) minifill [37a / 50(?)] still haven't thought of a name for this thing" or "title that's just the subject line of the original prompt, Chapter 3." Your job is to catch as many of the weird ones as you can using regular expressions, while keeping false positives to a minimum.

Test it out on a real live kinkmeme, especially one without strict subject-line-formatting policies. I guarantee you, you will be delighted at some of the arcane shit your script manages to catch. And probably astonished at some of the arcane shit you never thought to look for because who the hell would even format a kinkmeme fill like that? Truly, freeform user input is a wonderful and terrible thing.

If that's not enough masochism for you, you could always try to make the script work on LiveJournal kinkmemes too!

[hydralisk98]

hydralisk98′s web projects tracker:

Core principles=

Fail faster

‘Learn, Tweak, Make’ loop

This is meant to be a quick reference for tracking progress made over my various projects, organized by their “ultimate target” goal:

(START)

(Website)=

Install Firefox

Install Chrome

Install Microsoft newest browser

Install Lynx

Learn about contemporary web browsers

Install a very basic text editor

Install Notepad++

Install Nano

Install Powershell

Install Bash

Install Git

Learn HTML

Elements and attributes

Commenting (single line comment, multi-line comment)

Head (title, meta, charset, language, link, style, description, keywords, author, viewport, script, base, url-encode, )

Hyperlinks (local, external, link titles, relative filepaths, absolute filepaths)

Headings (h1-h6, horizontal rules)

Paragraphs (pre, line breaks)

Text formatting (bold, italic, deleted, inserted, subscript, superscript, marked)

Quotations (quote, blockquote, abbreviations, address, cite, bidirectional override)

Entities & symbols (&entity_name, &entity_number, &nbsp, useful HTML character entities, diacritical marks, mathematical symbols, greek letters, currency symbols, )

Id (bookmarks)

Classes (select elements, multiple classes, different tags can share same class, )

Blocks & Inlines (div, span)

Computercode (kbd, samp, code, var)

Lists (ordered, unordered, description lists, control list counting, nesting)

Tables (colspan, rowspan, caption, colgroup, thead, tbody, tfoot, th)

Images (src, alt, width, height, animated, link, map, area, usenmap, , picture, picture for format support)

old fashioned audio

old fashioned video

Iframes (URL src, name, target)

Forms (input types, action, method, GET, POST, name, fieldset, accept-charset, autocomplete, enctype, novalidate, target, form elements, input attributes)

URL encode (scheme, prefix, domain, port, path, filename, ascii-encodings)

Learn about oldest web browsers onwards

Learn early HTML versions (doctypes & permitted elements for each version)

Make a 90s-like web page compatible with as much early web formats as possible, earliest web browsers’ compatibility is best here

Learn how to teach HTML5 features to most if not all older browsers

Install Adobe XD

Register a account at Figma

Learn Adobe XD basics

Learn Figma basics

Install Microsoft’s VS Code

Install my Microsoft’s VS Code favorite extensions

Learn HTML5

Semantic elements

Layouts

Graphics (SVG, canvas)

Track

Audio

Video

Embed

APIs (geolocation, drag and drop, local storage, application cache, web workers, server-sent events, )

HTMLShiv for teaching older browsers HTML5

HTML5 style guide and coding conventions (doctype, clean tidy well-formed code, lower case element names, close all html elements, close empty html elements, quote attribute values, image attributes, space and equal signs, avoid long code lines, blank lines, indentation, keep html, keep head, keep body, meta data, viewport, comments, stylesheets, loading JS into html, accessing HTML elements with JS, use lowercase file names, file extensions, index/default)

Learn CSS

Selections

Colors

Fonts

Positioning

Box model

Grid

Flexbox

Custom properties

Transitions

Animate

Make a simple modern static site

Learn responsive design

Viewport

Media queries

Fluid widths

rem units over px

Mobile first

Learn SASS

Variables

Nesting

Conditionals

Functions

Learn about CSS frameworks

Learn Bootstrap

Learn Tailwind CSS

Learn JS

Fundamentals

Document Object Model / DOM

JavaScript Object Notation / JSON

Fetch API

Modern JS (ES6+)

Learn Git

Learn Browser Dev Tools

Learn your VS Code extensions

Learn Emmet

Learn NPM

Learn Yarn

Learn Axios

Learn Webpack

Learn Parcel

Learn basic deployment

Domain registration (Namecheap)

Managed hosting (InMotion, Hostgator, Bluehost)

Static hosting (Nertlify, Github Pages)

SSL certificate

FTP

SFTP

SSH

CLI

Make a fancy front end website about 

Make a few Tumblr themes

===You are now a basic front end developer!

Learn about XML dialects

Learn XML

Learn about JS frameworks

Learn jQuery

Learn React

Contex API with Hooks

NEXT

Learn Vue.js

Vuex

NUXT

Learn Svelte

NUXT (Vue)

Learn Gatsby

Learn Gridsome

Learn Typescript

Make a epic front end website about 

===You are now a front-end wizard!

Learn Node.js

Express

Nest.js

Koa

Learn Python

Django

Flask

Learn GoLang

Revel

Learn PHP

Laravel

Slim

Symfony

Learn Ruby

Ruby on Rails

Sinatra

Learn SQL

PostgreSQL

MySQL

Learn ORM

Learn ODM

Learn NoSQL

MongoDB

RethinkDB

CouchDB

Learn a cloud database

Firebase, Azure Cloud DB, AWS

Learn a lightweight & cache variant

Redis

SQLlite

NeDB

Learn GraphQL

Learn about CMSes

Learn Wordpress

Learn Drupal

Learn Keystone

Learn Enduro

Learn Contentful

Learn Sanity

Learn Jekyll

Learn about DevOps

Learn NGINX

Learn Apache

Learn Linode

Learn Heroku

Learn Azure

Learn Docker

Learn testing

Learn load balancing

===You are now a good full stack developer

Learn about mobile development

Learn Dart

Learn Flutter

Learn React Native

Learn Nativescript

Learn Ionic

Learn progressive web apps

Learn Electron

Learn JAMstack

Learn serverless architecture

Learn API-first design

Learn data science

Learn machine learning

Learn deep learning

Learn speech recognition

Learn web assembly

===You are now a epic full stack developer

Make a web browser

Make a web server

===You are now a legendary full stack developer

[...]

(Computer system)=

Learn to execute and test your code in a command line interface

Learn to use breakpoints and debuggers

Learn Bash

Learn fish

Learn Zsh

Learn Vim

Learn nano

Learn Notepad++

Learn VS Code

Learn Brackets

Learn Atom

Learn Geany

Learn Neovim

Learn Python

Learn Java?

Learn R

Learn Swift?

Learn Go-lang?

Learn Common Lisp

Learn Clojure (& ClojureScript)

Learn Scheme

Learn C++

Learn C

Learn B

Learn Mesa

Learn Brainfuck

Learn Assembly

Learn Machine Code

Learn how to manage I/O

Make a keypad

Make a keyboard

Make a mouse

Make a light pen

Make a small LCD display

Make a small LED display

Make a teleprinter terminal

Make a medium raster CRT display

Make a small vector CRT display

Make larger LED displays

Make a few CRT displays

Learn how to manage computer memory

Make datasettes

Make a datasette deck

Make floppy disks

Make a floppy drive

Learn how to control data

Learn binary base

Learn hexadecimal base

Learn octal base

Learn registers

Learn timing information

Learn assembly common mnemonics

Learn arithmetic operations

Learn logic operations (AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, NXOR, IMPLY)

Learn masking

Learn assembly language basics

Learn stack construct’s operations

Learn calling conventions

Learn to use Application Binary Interface or ABI

Learn to make your own ABIs

Learn to use memory maps

Learn to make memory maps

Make a clock

Make a front panel

Make a calculator

Learn about existing instruction sets (Intel, ARM, RISC-V, PIC, AVR, SPARC, MIPS, Intersil 6120, Z80...)

Design a instruction set

Compose a assembler

Compose a disassembler

Compose a emulator

Write a B-derivative programming language (somewhat similar to C)

Write a IPL-derivative programming language (somewhat similar to Lisp and Scheme)

Write a general markup language (like GML, SGML, HTML, XML...)

Write a Turing tarpit (like Brainfuck)

Write a scripting language (like Bash)

Write a database system (like VisiCalc or SQL)

Write a CLI shell (basic operating system like Unix or CP/M)

Write a single-user GUI operating system (like Xerox Star’s Pilot)

Write a multi-user GUI operating system (like Linux)

Write various software utilities for my various OSes

Write various games for my various OSes

Write various niche applications for my various OSes

Implement a awesome model in very large scale integration, like the Commodore CBM-II

Implement a epic model in integrated circuits, like the DEC PDP-15

Implement a modest model in transistor-transistor logic, similar to the DEC PDP-12

Implement a simple model in diode-transistor logic, like the original DEC PDP-8

Implement a simpler model in later vacuum tubes, like the IBM 700 series

Implement simplest model in early vacuum tubes, like the EDSAC

[...]

(Conlang)=

Choose sounds

Choose phonotactics

[...]

(Animation ‘movie’)=

[...]

(Exploration top-down ’racing game’)=

[...]

(Video dictionary)=

[...]

(Grand strategy game)=

[...]

(Telex system)=

[...]

(Pen&paper tabletop game)=

[...]

(Search engine)=

[...]

(Microlearning system)=

[...]

(Alternate planet)=

[...]

(END)

[technosap]

JavaScript "this" Keyword

JavaScript “this” Keyword

In JavaScript “this” Keyword, as in most object-oriented programming languages, this is a special keyword that is used within methods to refer to the object on which a method is being invoked. The value of this is determined using a simple series of steps:

If the function is invoked using Function.call or Function.apply, this will be set to the first argument passed to call/apply. If the first…

[mallac721]

It's a feature because of how JavaScript is kind of weird.

Other people have reblurged this post with hellsite this and that, a few explanations here and there, but this chain doesn't have those responses on it. And programming is a special interest, so here we go:

In most programming languages, you have special kinds of variables called strings which are an array of chars. A char we're going to say is short for character, or text symbols, and that all of these text symbols are in a list somewhere. This list lets you can have a char number with a value of 0 to 255 and it will be some kind of symbol that you could reasonably find on ye' olde typewriters.

In JavaScript, all the variables are untyped until they have a value. So you don't have strings until you put a string into them. Example:

let text = "Here's a string example"; let text2 = 'Here\'s a different example';

The js engine will know that the word 'let' is code for "reserve some memory for a variable named whatever" and the equals sign is what you want to assign into that reserved space. The variables text and text2 have different things going on in them, the first is telling the engine that it's a string because of the matching double-quotes, and the second is telling the engine that it's a string because of the matching single-quotes Except that text2 has a \' in it to make sure that the engine knows that it wants the single-quote symbol as a text character, not as the end of the string. If that backslash escape character wasn't there, the text2 string would end up being 'Here' and everything following would disappear into the nether. This happens this way because when js sees a pair of matched quotes, it'll slap a special character '\0' before the second matching quote and call that a complete variable.

Tumblr's tags are special formatted kind of strings that are slapped onto a post, separate from the text body strings, and reserved so that the tumblr search engine can look at the first five tags on a post to try and sort them like a thesis style keyword search.

Let's take a moment to live laugh love here while thinking of mile long tag descriptions

So why do the tags separate out things in double-quotes? Because JavaScript's engine cannot fail to compile, it must return something and reach the end.

It's a "Just-In-Time compilation" engine, and jit engines are complex messy things that have libraries-worth of default states and "I'm sure you meant" fixes to make sure that failures invisibly pass through and your computer doesn't get drug down with them. Which shows up here when you have a double quote in a tag

#tag with a "double-quote" in it #double-quote #tag with a in it

The engine knows that tumblr wants this to be a special kind of string with a # at the front of it, but it's seeing a matching double-quote without a '\0' and makes an assumption because it's not allowed to fail to compile. "This must be a new string badly formatted" the engine assumes. So it cuts the string out from double-quote to double-quote, slaps a # onto the front of it and a '\0' on the end, and calls it a tag. Then it goes back to the other string it was looking at, stitches it together, and repeats until it calls it a tag.

But it ignores single-quote and special characters quotes because the tag strings are only looking for double-quotes as the beginning and end of a variable.

i entreat people on tumblr to realize that when you use double quotation marks in tags, tumblr will take whatever is inside the quotation marks and turn it into a separate tag that appears at the beginning of the list of tags.

so if you tagged a post with this:

#i didn't say she "stole" my money

once the post is published, it would look like this instead:

#stole #i didn't say she my money

this can make it very confusing and difficult to understand what you are saying, especially when you have more than one tag on the post. i have no idea why this ""feature"" even exists, but in order to remain intelligible, you should use single quotes instead. or two single quotes in a row if you really don't want to look british, which is reasonable.

[jvacdigital-blog]

9 secrets of professional SEO article writers

Here are the 9 secrets of professional SEO article writers.

1. Get your keyword research on. If you’re going to post content on your site anyway, you might as well take the time to make sure Google takes notice of your effort.

Find out which keywords and phrases people are searching for (as well as what you can be competitive in), and make yourself a keyword spreadsheet. Keep track of how many times you work the keywords into your content, and use the right tools to track where you rank for the keywords you target. SEMrush is our favorite — in fact, we love SEMrush so much, we’ve become affiliate partners with them, and when you click here you’ll get a 7 day free trial.

2. Put the keywords to work. Once upon a time, being an SEO content writer just meant dumping keywords into your copy — but that’s not how the game is played anymore.

While it’s still a good idea to include your target keyword throughout your article, peppering your copy with forced keywords won’t really move the dial much (and often, it’ll hurt it). As is the case with any bit of SEO strategy, you’ve got to be tactical.

Include your keyword in the title, in the first 300 words, and in the first H1 or H2 (though, it should be noted that it isn’t necessary to hit both — just make sure you have it in one of them). After that, you should be trying to use variations of your keyword.As an added note, it should never be a struggle to fit your keyword in your copy. Ideally, your keyword should feel natural in your writing — if you feel like you’re starting to write jibberish, you’ve gone too far.Remember, the people using search engines are searching for that particular phrase because they want to know more about it/buy it, so it makes sense to give them what they’re looking for. You’ll get more clicks if you do — it’s one of the tricks of the trade for professional SEO article writers.

3. Write about something people care about. We’re not being facetious, here — too often, article writers just pump out content for no real reason, with no real strategy behind it. They forget that actual humans need to want to read this stuff — you’re not really writing for Google’s algorithms, you’re writing for people!

When you’re writing, you should always seek to offer some sort of value to your readers. What can you tell them that no one else can? What service can you provide that’s unique? What knowledge can you share that can’t be found anywhere else?

If not, you can at least discuss news relating to your business. When in doubt, look at your list of SEO keywords and see what kind of list, link bait or in-depth posts you can work those keywords into. Don’t be afraid to interview some experts, either (if you quote them and feature their expertise in your post, they’ll be likely to share your content via their social channels — this way, you can leverage larger networks to increase the size of your own).

4. Know the basics of technical SEO All the keyword optimization in the world won’t help you if your site isn’t even indexed.

As a writer, you aren’t expected to know how to migrate a site, or to enable HTTPS across an entire domain. You don’t really have to know about how to maximize a crawl budget, and you don’t have to know about minifying JavaScript. Yet, knowing a few things about technical SEO can make you a better SEO writer.

First off, understanding how Google crawls pages and hands out link authority can help you build a strategy. After all, content writing isn’t just about writing a singular blog post — it’s about writing (and linking up) a bunch of them.

If you have a good understanding of how your blog is structured, you can help make everything a little bit more efficient — which means that a backlink to one of your posts will give your site the maxium benefit.

It also helps to understand how to optimize a website for more than just keywords.

Keeping your images small, ensuring that there aren’t too many popups on a particular page, or simply being able to make sure that your blog posts are indexed are all skills you should have as an SEO writer.

5. Make it long enough to count. Sure, 100 words of fresh content is better than no new content at all — but how much value can you really deliver in a Tweet?

Search engines tend to give preference to longer blogs and articles, and for good reason. Try to shoot for at least 600 words, but if you can get to 1,000 or more, go for it.

There has been a lot of research that shows that search engines tend to favor “in-depth” content of at least 2,000 words — we’ve seen this work for ourselves and our clients, and many of TCF’s most popular blog posts are at least 1,500 words.The longer your content, the more value you’re going to give your readers, and the better chance you’ll have at lower your bounce rate. (Speaking of that…)

6. Watch your analytics. SEO writing isn’t fire-and-forget — you shouldn’t just post your content and walk away.

In fact, you should be regularly monitoring your content using Google Analytics. According to data gathered by the folks at SEMrush, time on site, bounce rate, and pages per session are all as important (if not more important) than keyword density.

When you think about it, that’s not that surprising. If your site has a high bounce rate, that means that visitors to your site aren’t staying for long, likely because your page isn’t providing them with the information they’re looking for. If your bounce rate is high, there’s a good chance your page isn’t optimized for the appropriate keywords.

Optimize the optimization of your web content writing.

If you use WordPress as your blogging platform, there are lots of free online PR tools (in the form of plugins) you can take advantage of. At The Content Factory, we use Yoast and Shareaholic, along with several others. Free and easy web PR is as simple as hitting the “install now” link.

7. Edit your work. The main difference between professional

SEO article writers

and regular people is an eye for self editing.

Programs like OpenOffice, Google Docs and Microsoft Word make it easy — the red and green squiggleys give most of it away. Having an eye for aesthetically pleasing formatting is also important. Stay away from super long paragraphs and sentences that go on for miles.

If you’re able, it’s always a good idea to have someone else take a look at your work before you hit publish. Even if they aren’t an SEO writer (or editor), a second set of eyes can catch a lot of easy to miss mistakes.

8. Become your own online PR agency. Once you’ve written and posted the fresh content, the SEO work is only half complete.

The final step of all web content writing is acting as your own online PR agency — link to your content all over the place. Comment on blogs and link back to your site. Submit your content to Reddit and StumbleUpon. Social media management and web content writing go hand-in-hand, and as soon as you hit the “Publish” button on your fresh article or blog, you should tweet your heart out.

9. Realize that becoming an SEO writing expert takes time. SEO writing is a skill — and like every other skill, you aren’t going to master it overnight.

But here’s the thing — that’s totally okay. See, when you’re writing SEO content, you’re always going to want to go back and edit your content as your analytics start to give you specific insights. Even if you don’t hit gold on your first try, you can keep perfecting your piece of content until it starts to rank.

We provide affordable SEO services in Palm beach county - jvacphoto.com

Credit: contentfac

[yourboatholiday]

The brand new Alegria 67 SY Inspirante for charter in St Maarten, Caribbean

St Maarten, a unique and unspoiled Caribbean island to be reached with the Alegria 67 delivered by Fountaine Pajot in May, SY Inspirante for charter in the St Maartens area.

A spacious flybridge and Jacuzzi on the foredeck are just some of the pluses of the brand new luxury catamaran built by the Fountaine Pajot shipyard which touched waters for the first time in June 2021. A 20.46-meter sailing ship to sail in a unique atmosphere towards the colonial island of St Maarten where you can experience the thrill of living by the sea aboard a sumptuous residence in complete relaxation. Are you ready to step on the Inspirante yacht?

ENQUIRE SY INSPIRANTE FOR CHARTER

Benefits and technical equipment of Inspirante, Alegria 67 in the Caribbean

Inspirante can move at a maximum speed of 12 knots and at a cruising speed of 7 knots thanks to its pair of 150 HP Volvo engines while under sail it has a range of 6,000 nautical miles. The just 1.7 meters / 5.7 feet draft ensures a closer entrance to the beach. The Alegria 67 catamaran Inspirante offers a great choice of sunbathing areas, large deck areas, and an excellent selection of water features.

Comfort is the Inspirante keyword

Its beautiful interiors are modern and spacious offering the utmost in comfort and luxury. This charter can accommodate up to 8 guests divided into 4 cabins: a master suite and 3 double cabins consisting of a queen-size bed, wardrobe, and private bathroom. The owner’s suite, located at the center of the boat, is equipped with a king-size bed, a sofa, a desk, and a large wardrobe. 

The crew of the Alegria 67 Inspirante

A crew of 3 is also at your disposal to let you enjoy your moments of conviviality in the central room equipped with a large table, games, and a corner sofa. The helm controls are covered by a hardtop with skylights to admire the sky comfortably seated on the large sofa bed located on the left.

Impressive outdoor space with breathtaking views

On the aft main deck, the furniture consists of 3 sofas and a large square table: the ideal location for an outdoor banquet protected from the sun and wind. The link between life on board and the sea is the hydraulic bathing platform which you can access thanks to two ladders, great for sunbathing. On the foredeck, you can instead benefit from one of these yacht wonders, namely the hot tub along with two forward mesh trampolines, useful for exercise or relaxation while the nearby lounge is perfect for a nap in the sun. The large space of the flybridge is a loggia overlooking the sea that allows everyone to meet and share unique moments.

Are you ready to experience unique moments onboard the Inspirante catamaran discovering the blend of Caribbean, French and Dutch culture on Saint Maarten island? You can receive all the information you need on this or other catamaran’s journey at Your Boat Holiday!

CATAMARAN ALEGRIA 67 FOR CHARTER

MYBA Terms

What services does the rental include?

The agreements provide that the price paid to the lessor includes the boat rental with its equipment in order, therefore equipment, galley, cleaning material and basic consumables necessary for the engine room, decks, and cabins, etc. . Also included are the crew salary and the employer’s civil liability insurance, the crew food,  yacht insurance for maritime risks, third party and crew accidents.

2021’s Season Weekly rates: Starting From EUR 38,000 + 20% VAT + APA (MYBA Terms)

What, on the other hand, will be charged to the renter?

All running costs will be charged separately at the expense of the lessee. In particular: fuel for the yacht and other vehicles on board, food, wines, beers, spirits, soft drinks, and all kinds of food consumption. Also not included in the price are mooring fees and other port charges outside the yacht’s mooring, including piloting charges and charges for water and/or electricity taken from land, costs for laundry, telephone, fax or telex via Satcom, Radiotelephone or telex, onboard special equipment rental costs requested by the lessee and tips given to the crew.

All prices are exclusive of VAT (if and where applicable). The calculation of VAT depends on the port of embarkation country and the area where the cruise takes place.

Finally, charters of less than one week are also available but this varies from the chosen rental period.

Contact  now YBH Charter Brokers:

You can contact us by sending an email at ask@yourboatholiday.com or by phone, calling +39 33436 00997, available also on WhatsApp for both calls and texting.

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[swampcomputeremporium]

Lesson 1: text editors and functions and shit

Computers care about punctuation a lot more than humans do. Part of learning to read code is learning to read like a computer. I have personally spent an hour debugging a problem that turned out to be caused by a missing semicolon. And several hours debugging a problem that turned out to be caused by a single invisible character getting into my code some the fuck how. I only figured it out when I pasted the offending line into a REPL - this was in Ruby and my console had shit Unicode support, so I got a weird box.

This is a hard skill to learn, but your computer can help. The REPL isn’t very good at this. So let’s make a file.

Open your text editor and make a new folder. In that folder, make two files: index.html and index.js.

index.html should have the following contents:

(I’ll post code as screenshots. Typing it in yourself is good practice. Also Tumblr will replace some of the characters with similar-looking but different characters if I leave it as text.)

And index.js should just have this:

You can fuck around with the message or whatever, it’s fine. As long as it’s surrounded by single quotes and doesn’t have any single quites in it.

Now open index.html in your web browser. You can do this by right-clicking it in VSCodium, hitting ‘Reveal in File Explorer’, and then double-clicking index.html. (This should open it. If not, try right-clicking and seeing what you can open it with.)

This will be... a blank page. But if you hit F12, you’ll find your message in the console. 

✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* 　　 *:･ﾟ✧*:･ﾟ✧

`console.log()` is a function that takes an input and prints it to the console. 

Functions have a name, inputs, a return value, and (sometimes) side effects. 

You call functions by their names. (This is actually complicated but we’ll get to it later.)

Inputs are the things you give to the function. 

Outputs are the things the function gives you, after it’s finished executing. 

Side effects are modifications to the state of the world outside the function.

Analogies are sort of terrible but let’s say a function is a microwave. You put in a frozen burrito and a cook time, and after the cook time has finished it gives you a warm burrito. (Hylics is a good video game btw.) But microwaving the burrito makes the kitchen smell like burrito, which is... not really a side effect but sort of side-effect-like. Side effects are the hard part of functions. There are programming languages that mostly don’t let functions have side effects because they’re hard.

Anyway. Let’s write our own function. It’ll take a number and double it.

From the top:

`const` is a keyword used to give a thing a name. We name our function here so that we can reuse it without having to retype the whole thing every time.

`double` is the name we’re giving to the function.

The equals sign, `=`, does not do in most programming languages (including Javascript) what it does in math. (Introductory programming is notoriously hard, I think because it has this weird shit that doesn’t get explained well.) In Javascript, the equals sign binds a thing to a name. If you wanted to give the number `3.14159` a name, you’d do `const pi = 3.14159`, and from that point on, instead of retyping `3.14159`, you could just type `pi`.

So, like, the construction isn’t `const`, `double`, `=`, and so on; it’s `const <name> =`, with `double` in the name slot. (In technical terms, we’re assigning a constant.)

Similarly, the construction after the `=` is `function (<inputs>) { <stuff> return <return_value> }`. 

Our function here takes one input, which we arbitrarily call `n` (short for ‘number’). We could give it some other name instead, as long as we were consistent about that other name throughout the body of the function.

The body of the function goes between curly braces. The body is where we execute code. For now, this will just be preparing our return value, since we aren’t getting into side effects yet. (The reason I’m doing this is that I’ve wondered for years if introductory programming would be easier if it didn’t mess with side effects [other than output] and state for a while.)

So we compute `n * 2` (`*` means ‘multiplied by’), and return that.

✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* 　　 *:･ﾟ✧*:･ﾟ✧

But what’s really going on?

In programming languages (not just Javascript), there’s a distinction between statements and expressions. A statement is just an order that you give to the computer. It’ll just run the code. An expression is an order that you give to the computer that makes the computer produce a value. 

When you assign a constant (give a name to a thing), the value is also an expression. So that `function (n) { return n * 2 }` is also an expression, as is `3.14159`. `const pi = 3.14159`, though, is just a statement - it defines a constant, but it doesn’t produce a value that can be assigned to a constant or returned from a function.

If you have some string of code, and you do `const x = <your string of code>`... if that string of code is an expression, `x` will contain the value it produces, but if that string of code is a statement, you’ll get an error.

(If any of this is confusing, ask on Discord or send an anon. I do want to produce generally useful lessons here, and if they suck I want to make them not suck. I think more people should know this stuff, especially homosexual aestheticbloggers and schizopoasting anime avs.)

✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:* 　　 *:･ﾟ✧*:･ﾟ✧

Now that we’ve created a function, we can call it. Remember, functions transform inputs (and values in scope) into outputs (and side effects). Values in scope and side effects aren’t relevant yet, and `double()` doesn’t have them - it only transforms inputs into outputs. (That is, it’s a pure function - functions with side effects are impure. This will make sense once we get to variables.) So `double(1)` computes `n * 2` where `n = 1`. (If you were confused about why we use the equals sign to define a constant, that’s why - it’s stating a fact about the execution of the program.)

We could just as well say that it computes `x * 2` where `x = 1`, or whatever. The names don’t matter to the computer; only to humans. (There are some restrictions on the names you can give things. Names can’t be reserved keywords, and can only contain letters, numbers, underscores, and dollar signs, but can’t start with numbers.)

A function call is an expression that evaluates to the return value of the function - in other words, `double(1)` evaluates to `2`, so we log `2` to the console.

[apifox652]

Basic Mikrotik Hotspot Page Template

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Halaman login hotspot mikrotik secara default sangatlah sederhana. Maka dari itu kita perlu mengubah tampilan agar lebih menarik. Dari pada Anda ribet untuk mengedit template bawaan mikrotik, kali ini saya akan membagikan kumpulan Template mikrotik terbaik menurut blog Renovasi Otak untuk Anda download secara gratis.

Mikrotik Hotspot Logout

Template Mikhmon

Mikrotik Hotspot Page Template

Basic Mikrotik Hotspot Page Template Downloads

Basic Mikrotik Hotspot Page Templates

Mikrotik Hotspot Login Page v0.1. Responsive Mikrotik Hotspot Login Page. If you would like to have nice login page for your hotspot user when using Mikrotik Hotspot you can use this project as your base. Simply download zip and load it into your router Files folder. How to Create Hotspots Mikrotik. Setting basic Hotspot Mikrotik Mikrotik Router is a router that has full features. One feature that is quite popular and widely used of Mikrotik Router itself is Hotspot. Do you know the difference regular sharing internet with Hotspot? Perhaps you often find wifi internet signal in the password using WPA or WEP.

Applies to RouterOS: v3, v4, v5+

1HTML customizations

1.4Variables

1.8Examples

2Firewall customizations

HTML customizations

Summary

You can create a completely different set of servlet pages for each HotSpot server you have, specifying the directory in 'html-override-directory' property of a HotSpot server profile /ip hotspot profile. The default servlet pages are copied in the directory 'hotspot' directory right after you create server profile. This directory can be accessed by connecting to the router with an FTP client. You can copy this directory and modify the pages as you like using the information from this section of the manual. Note that it is suggested to edit the files manually, as automated HTML editing tools may corrupt the pages by removing variables or other vital parts. After you are finished with content modification you need to upload this modified content to some custom directory on hotspot router and point previously mentioned property 'html-override-directory' value as path to this new custom HTML directory.

Note: If 'html-override-directory' value path is missing or empty then hotspot server will revert back to default HTML files.

Available Pages

Main HTML servlet pages, which are shown to user:

redirect.html - redirects user to another url (for example, to login page)

login.html - login page shown to a user to ask for username and password. This page may take the following parameters:

username - username

password - either plain-text password (in case of PAP authentication) or MD5 hash of chap-id variable, password and CHAP challenge (in case of CHAP authentication). This value is used as e-mail address for trial users

dst - original URL requested before the redirect. This will be opened on successfull login

popup - whether to pop-up a status window on successfull login

radius<id> - send the attribute identified with <id> in text string form to the RADIUS server (in case RADIUS authentication is used; lost otherwise)

radius<id>u - send the attribute identified with <id> in unsigned integer form to the RADIUS server (in case RADIUS authentication is used; lost otherwise)

radius<id>-<vnd-id> - send the attribute identified with <id> and vendor ID <vnd-id> in text string form to the RADIUS server (in case RADIUS authentication is used; lost otherwise)

radius<id>-<vnd-id>u - send the attribute identified with <id> and vendor ID <vnd-id> in unsigned integer form to the RADIUS server (in case RADIUS authentication is used; lost otherwise)

md5.js - JavaScript for MD5 password hashing. Used together with http-chap login method

alogin.html - page shown after client has logged in. It pops-up status page and redirects browser to originally requested page (before he/she was redirected to the HotSpot login page)

status.html - status page, shows statistics for the client. It is also able to display advertisements automatically

logout.html - logout page, shown after user is logged out. Shows final statistics about the finished session. This page may take the following additional parameters:

erase-cookie - whether to erase cookies from the HotSpot server on logout (makes impossible to log in with cookie next time from the same browser, might be useful in multiuser environments)

error.html - error page, shown on fatal errors only

Some other pages are available as well, if more control is needed:

rlogin.html - page, which redirects client from some other URL to the login page, if authorization of the client is required to access that URL

rstatus.html - similarly to rlogin.html, only in case if the client is already logged in and the original URL is not known

radvert.html - redirects client to the scheduled advertisement link

flogin.html - shown instead of login.html, if some error has happened (invalid username or password, for example)

fstatus.html - shown instead of redirect, if status page is requested, but client is not logged in

flogout.html - shown instead of redirect, if logout page is requested, but client is not logged in

Serving Servlet Pages

The HotSpot servlet recognizes 5 different request types:

request for a remote host

if user is logged in and advertisement is due to be displayed, radvert.html is displayed. This page makes redirect to the scheduled advertisment page

if user is logged in and advertisement is not scheduled for this user, the requested page is served

if user is not logged in, but the destination host is allowed by walled garden, then the request is also served

if user is not logged in, and the destination host is disallowed by walled garden, rlogin.html is displayed; if rlogin.html is not found, redirect.html is used to redirect to the login page

request for '/' on the HotSpot host

if user is logged in, rstatus.html is displayed; if rstatus.html is not found, redirect.html is used to redirect to the status page

if user is not logged in, rlogin.html is displayed; if rlogin.html is not found, redirect.html is used to redirect to the login page

request for '/login' page

if user has successfully logged in (or is already logged in), alogin.html is displayed; if alogin.html is not found, redirect.html is used to redirect to the originally requested page or the status page (in case, original destination page was not given)

if user is not logged in (username was not supplied, no error message appeared), login.html is showed

if login procedure has failed (error message is supplied), flogin.html is displayed; if flogin.html is not found, login.html is used

in case of fatal errors, error.html is showed

request for '/status' page

if user is logged in, status.html is displayed

if user is not logged in, fstatus.html is displayed; if fstatus.html is not found, redirect.html is used to redirect to the login page

request for '/logout' page

if user is logged in, logout.html is displayed

if user is not logged in, flogout.html is displayed; if flogout.html is not found, redirect.html is used to redirect to the login page

Note: If it is not possible to meet a request using the pages stored on the router's FTP server, Error 404 is displayed

There are many possibilities to customize what the HotSpot authentication pages look like:

The pages are easily modifiable. They are stored on the router's FTP server in the directory you choose for the respective HotSpot server profile.

By changing the variables, which client sends to the HotSpot servlet, it is possible to reduce keyword count to one (username or password; for example, the client's MAC address may be used as the other value) or even to zero (License Agreement; some predefined values general for all users or client's MAC address may be used as username and password)

Registration may occur on a different server (for example, on a server that is able to charge Credit Cards). Client's MAC address may be passed to it, so that this information need not be written in manually. After the registration, the server should change RADIUS database enabling client to log in for some amount of time.

To insert variable in some place in HTML file, the $(var_name) syntax is used, where the 'var_name' is the name of the variable (without quotes). This construction may be used in any HotSpot HTML file accessed as '/', '/login', '/status' or '/logout', as well as any text or HTML (.txt, .htm or .html) file stored on the HotSpot server (with the exception of traffic counters, which are available in status page only, and error, error-orig, chap-id, chap-challenge and popup variables, which are available in login page only). For example, to show a link to the login page, following construction can be used:

Variables

All of the Servlet HTML pages use variables to show user specific values. Variable names appear only in the HTML source of the servlet pages - they are automatically replaced with the respective values by the HotSpot Servlet. For most variables there is an example of their possible value included in brackets. All the described variables are valid in all servlet pages, but some of them just might be empty at the time they are accesses (for example, there is no uptime before a user has logged in).

List of available variables

Note: Some of the variables use hard coded http URL, if you are using https, you can construct the link in some other way, for example for $link-status, you can use https://$(hostname)/$(target-dir)status

Common server variables:

hostname - DNS name or IP address (if DNS name is not given) of the HotSpot Servlet ('hotspot.example.net')

identity - RouterOS identity name ('MikroTik')

login-by - authentication method used by user

plain-passwd - a 'yes/no' representation of whether HTTP-PAP login method is allowed ('no')

server-address - HotSpot server address ('10.5.50.1:80')

ssl-login - a 'yes/no' representation of whether HTTPS method was used to access that servlet page ('no')

server-name - HotSpot server name (set in the /ip hotspot menu, as the name property)

Links:

link-login - link to login page including original URL requested ('http://10.5.50.1/login?dst=http://www.example.com/')

link-login-only - link to login page, not including original URL requested ('http://10.5.50.1/login')

link-logout - link to logout page ('http://10.5.50.1/logout')

link-status - link to status page ('http://10.5.50.1/status')

link-orig - original URL requested ('http://www.example.com/')

General client information:

domain - domain name of the user ('example.com')

interface-name - physical HotSpot interface name (in case of bridged interfaces, this will return the actual bridge port name)

ip - IP address of the client ('10.5.50.2')

logged-in - 'yes' if the user is logged in, otherwise - 'no' ('yes')

mac - MAC address of the user ('01:23:45:67:89:AB')

trial - a 'yes/no' representation of whether the user has access to trial time. If users trial time has expired, the value is 'no'

username - the name of the user ('John')

host-ip - client IP address from /ip hotspot host table

vlan-id - Represents ID of a VLAN interface from which client is connected

User status information:

idle-timeout - idle timeout ('20m' or ' if none)

idle-timeout-secs - idle timeout in seconds ('88' or '0' if there is such timeout)

limit-bytes-in - byte limit for send ('1000000' or '---' if there is no limit)

limit-bytes-out - byte limit for receive ('1000000' or '---' if there is no limit)

refresh-timeout - status page refresh timeout ('1m30s' or ' if none)

refresh-timeout-secs - status page refresh timeout in seconds ('90s' or '0' if none)

session-timeout - session time left for the user ('5h' or ' if none)

session-timeout-secs - session time left for the user, in seconds ('3475' or '0' if there is such timeout)

session-time-left - session time left for the user ('5h' or ' if none)

session-time-left-secs - session time left for the user, in seconds ('3475' or '0' if there is such timeout)

uptime - current session uptime ('10h2m33s')

uptime-secs - current session uptime in seconds ('125')

Traffic counters, which are available only in the status page:

bytes-in - number of bytes received from the user ('15423')

bytes-in-nice - user-friendly form of number of bytes received from the user ('15423')

bytes-out - number of bytes sent to the user ('11352')

bytes-out-nice - user-friendly form of number of bytes sent to the user ('11352')

packets-in - number of packets received from the user ('251')

packets-out - number of packets sent to the user ('211')

remain-bytes-in - remaining bytes until limit-bytes-in will be reached ('337465' or '---' if there is no limit)

remain-bytes-out - remaining bytes until limit-bytes-out will be reached ('124455' or '---' if there is no limit)

Miscellaneous variables:

session-id - value of 'session-id' parameter in the last request

var - value of 'var' parameter in the last request

error - error message, if something failed ('invalid username or password')

error-orig - original error message (without translations retrieved from errors.txt), if something failed ('invalid username or password')

chap-id - value of chap ID ('371')

chap-challenge - value of chap challenge ('357015330013021234145245303253142246133175375316')

popup - whether to pop-up checkbox ('true' or 'false')

advert-pending - whether an advertisement is pending to be displayed ('yes' or 'no')

http-status - allows the setting of the http status code and message

http-header - allows the setting of the http header

RADIUS-related variables:

radius<id> - show the attribute identified with <id> in text string form (in case RADIUS authentication was used; ' otherwise)

radius<id>u - show the attribute identified with <id> in unsigned integer form (in case RADIUS authentication was used; '0' otherwise)

radius<id>-<vnd-id> - show the attribute identified with <id> and vendor ID <vnd-id> in text string form (in case RADIUS authentication was used; ' otherwise)

radius<id>-<vnd-id>u - show the attribute identified with <id> and vendor ID <vnd-id> in unsigned integer form (in case RADIUS authentication was used; '0' otherwise)

Working with variables

$(if <var_name>) statements can be used in theses pages. Following content will be included, if value of <var_name> will not be an empty string. It is an equivalent to $(if <var_name> != ') It is possible to compare on equivalence as well: $(if <var_name> <value>) These statements have effect until $(elif <var_name>), $(else) or $(endif). In general case it looks like this:

Only one of those expressions will be shown. Which one - depends on values of those variables for each client.

Redirects and custom Headers

Starting from RouterOS 5.12 there are 2 new hotspot html page variables:

http-status - allows the setting of the http status code and message

http-header - allows the setting of the http header message

Example:

Note: Although the above appears to use the conditional expression 'if' it is in fact setting the 'http-status' to '302' not testing for it. Also the same for the variable 'http-header'. Once again, even though it uses an 'if' it is in fact setting the variable to 'Location' followed by the url set from the variable 'link-redirect'.

E.g. in the case where $(link-redirect) evaluates to 'http://192.168.88.1/login', then the HTTP response returned to the client will be changed to:

http-status syntax:

XYZ - The status code you wish to return. Should be 3 decimal digits, first one must not be 0

HTTP_STATUS_MESSAGE - any text you wish to return to the client which will follow the above status code in the HTTP reply

In any HTTP response it will be on the first line and will be as follows:

http-header syntax:

HTTP_HEADER_NAME - name of the HTTP header to be sent in the response

HTTP_HEADER_VALUE - value of the HTTP header with name HTTP_HEADER_NAME to be sent in the response

The HTTP response will appear as:

All variables and conditional expressions within HTTP_HEADER_VALUE and HTTP_STATUS_MESSAGE are processed as usual.

In case multiple headers with the same name are added, then only the last one will be used (previous ones will be discarded). It allows the system to override regular HTTP headers (for example, Content-Type and Cache-Control).

Customizing Error Messages

All error messages are stored in the errors.txt file within the respective HotSpot servlet directory. You can change and translate all these messages to your native language. To do so, edit the errors.txt file. You can also use variables in the messages. All instructions are given in that file.

Multiple Versions of HotSpot Pages

Multiple HotSpot page sets for the same HotSpot server are supported. They can be chosen by user (to select language) or automatically by JavaScript (to select PDA/regular version of HTML pages).

To utilize this feature, create subdirectories in HotSpot HTML directory, and place those HTML files, which are different, in that subdirectory. For example, to translate everything in Latvian, subdirectory 'lv' can be created with login.html, logout.html, status.html, alogin.html, radvert.html and errors.txt files, which are translated into Latvian. If the requested HTML page can not be found in the requested subdirectory, the corresponding HTML file from the main directory will be used. Then main login.html file would contain link to '/lv/login?dst=$(link-orig-esc)', which then displays Latvian version of login page: <a href='/lv/login?dst=$(link-orig-esc)'>Latviski</a> . And Latvian version would contain link to English version: <a href='/login?dst=$(link-orig-esc)'>English</a>

Another way of referencing directories is to specify 'target' variable:

After preferred directory has been selected (for example, 'lv'), all links to local HotSpot pages will contain that path (for example, $(link-status) = 'http://hotspot.mt.lv/lv/status'). So, if all HotSpot pages reference links using '$(link-xxx)' variables, then no more changes are to be made - each client will stay within the selected directory all the time.

Misc

If you want to use HTTP-CHAP authentication method it is supposed that you include the doLogin() function (which references to the md5.js which must be already loaded) before the Submit action of the login form. Otherwise, CHAP login will fail.

The resulting password to be sent to the HotSpot gateway in case of HTTP-CHAP method, is formed MD5-hashing the concatenation of the following: chap-id, the password of the user and chap-challenge (in the given order)

In case variables are to be used in link directly, then they must be escaped accordingly. For example, in login page, <a href='https://login.example.com/login?mac=$(mac)&user=$(username)'>link</a> will not work as intended, if username will be '123&456=1 2'. In this case instead of $(user), its escaped version must be used: $(user-esc): <a href='https://login.server.serv/login?mac=$(mac-esc)&user=$(user-esc)'>link</a>. Now the same username will be converted to '123%26456%3D1+2', which is the valid representation of '123&456=1 2' in URL. This trick may be used with any variables, not only with $(username).

There is a boolean parameter 'erase-cookie' to the logout page, which may be either 'on' or 'true' to delete user cookie on logout (so that the user would not be automatically logged on when he/she opens a browser next time.

Examples

With basic HTML language knowledge and the examples below it should be easy to implement the ideas described above.

To provide predefined value as username, in login.html change:

to this line:

Mikrotik Hotspot Logout

(where hsuser is the username you are providing)

To provide predefined value as password, in login.html change:

to this line:

(where hspass is the password you are providing)

To send client's MAC address to a registration server in form of:

https://www.example.com/register.html?mac=XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX

change the Login button link in login.html to:

(you should correct the link to point to your server)

To show a banner after user login, in alogin.html after

$(if popup 'true')add the following line:

(you should correct the link to point to the page you want to show)

To choose different page shown after login, in login.html change:

to this line:

(you should correct the link to point to your server)

To erase the cookie on logoff, in the page containing link to the logout (for example, in status.html) change:

to this:

or alternatively add this line:

before this one:

External authentication

Another example is making HotSpot to authenticate on a remote server (which may, for example, perform creditcard charging):

Allow direct access to the external server in walled-garden (either HTTP-based, or IP-based)

Modify login page of the HotSpot servlet to redirect to the external authentication server. The external server should modify RADIUS database as needed

Here is an example of such a login page to put on the HotSpot router (it is redirecting to https://auth.example.com/login.php, replace with the actual address of an external authentication server):

The external server can log in a HotSpot client by redirecting it back to the original HotSpot servlet login page, specifying the correct username and password

Here is an example of such a page (it is redirecting to https://hotspot.example.com/login, replace with the actual address of a HotSpot router; also, it is displaying www.mikrotik.com after successful login, replace with what needed):

Hotspot will ask RADIUS server whether to allow the login or not. If allowed, alogin.html page will be displayed (it can be modified to do anything). If not allowed, flogin.html (or login.html) page will be displayed, which will redirect client back to the external authentication server.

Note: as shown in these examples, HTTPS protocol and POST method can be used to secure communications.

HTTP header detection

The Hotspot login pages have access to HTTP headers by using $(http-header-name);

For example, there exists an ability to check the user agent (or browser), and will return any other content instead of the regular login page, if so desired. This can be used to disable automatic popups in phones, for example.

For example, to output 'SUCCESS' for users of a specific Firefox mobile version, instead of the login page, you can these lines on the top of the rlogin.html page in your hotspot directory:

This will DISABLE the login popup for Android Firefox 40 users.

One click login

It is possible to create modified captive portal for quick one click login for scenarios where no user or password is required.

What you need to do is:

Create user for this purpose. In example it is 'notsosecretuser' with password 'notsosecretpass'

Assign this user to user profile that allows specific/unlimited amount of simultaneous active users.

Copy original hotspot directory that is already generated in routers file menu on root level.

Modify contents of this copy directory contents.

Only one file requires modifications for this to work, the 'login.html'.

Original:

Modified:

What changed:

User and Password '<tr>' fields are hidden.

Both User and Password field values contain predefined values.

Changed 'OK' button value(name) to something more fitting.

Now upload this new hotspot folder back to router, preferably with different name.

Change settings in hotspot server profile to use this new html directory.

Firewall customizations

Summary

Apart from the obvious dynamic entries in the /ip hotspot submenu itself (like hosts and active users), some additional rules are added in the firewall tables when activating a HotSpot service. Unlike RouterOS version 2.8, there are relatively few firewall rules added in the firewall as the main job is made by the one-to-one NAT algorithm.

NAT

From /ip firewall nat print dynamic command, you can get something like this (comments follow after each of the rules):

Putting all HotSpot-related tasks for packets from all HotSpot clients into a separate chain.

Any actions that should be done before HotSpot rules apply, should be put in the pre-hotspot chain. This chain is under full administrator control and does not contain any rules set by the system, hence the invalid jump rule (as the chain does not have any rules by default).

Redirect all DNS requests to the HotSpot service. The 64872 port provides DNS service for all HotSpot users. If you want HotSpot server to listen also to another port, add rules here the same way, changing dst-port property.

Template Mikhmon

Redirect all HTTP login requests to the HTTP login servlet. The 64873 is HotSpot HTTP servlet port.

Redirect all HTTPS login requests to the HTTPS login servlet. The 64875 is HotSpot HTTPS servlet port.

All other packets except DNS and login requests from unauthorized clients should pass through the hs-unauth chain.

And packets from the authorized clients - through the hs-auth chain.

First in the hs-unauth chain is put everything that affects TCP protocol in the /ip hotspot walled-garden ip submenu (i.e., everything where either protocol is not set, or set to TCP). Here we are excluding www.mikrotik.com from being redirected to the login page.

All other HTTP requests are redirected to the Walled Garden proxy server which listens the 64874 port. If there is an allow entry in the /ip hotspot walled-garden menu for an HTTP request, it is being forwarded to the destination. Otherwise, the request will be automatically redirected to the HotSpot login servlet (port 64873).

HotSpot by default assumes that only these ports may be used for HTTP proxy requests. These two entries are used to 'catch' client requests to unknown proxies (you can add more rules here for other ports). I.e., to make it possible for the clients with unknown proxy settings to work with the HotSpot system. This feature is called 'Universal Proxy'. If it is detected that a client is using some proxy server, the system will automatically mark that packets with the http hotspot mark to work around the unknown proxy problem, as we will see later on. Note that the port used (64874) is the same as for HTTP requests in the rule #9 (so both HTTP and HTTP proxy requests are processed by the same code).

HTTPS proxy is listening on the 64875 port.

Redirect for SMTP protocol may also be defined in the HotSpot configuration. In case it is, a redirect rule will be put in the hs-smtp chain. This is done so that users with unknown SMTP configuration would be able to send their mail through the service provider's (your) SMTP server instead of going to the (possibly unavailable outside their network of origin) SMTP server users have configured on their computers. The chain is empty by default, hence the invalid jump rule.

Providing HTTP proxy service for authorized users. Authenticated user requests may need to be subject to transparent proxying (the 'Universal Proxy' technique and advertisement feature). This http mark is put automatically on the HTTP proxy requests to the servers detected by the HotSpot HTTP proxy (the one that is listening on the 64874 port) as HTTP proxy requests for unknown proxy servers. This is done so that users that have some proxy settings would use the HotSpot gateway instead of the (possibly unavailable outside their network of origin) proxy server users have configured in their computers. This mark is also applied when advertisement is due to be shown to the user, as well as on any HTTP requests done form the users whose profile is configured to transparently proxy their requests.

Providing SMTP proxy for authorized users (the same as in rule #13).

Packet Filtering

From /ip firewall filter print dynamic command, you can get something like this (comments follow after each of the rules):

Any packet that traverse the router from an unauthorized client will be sent to the hs-unauth chain. The hs-unauth implements the IP-based Walled Garden filter.

Everything that comes to clients through the router, gets redirected to another chain, called hs-unauth-to. This chain should reject unauthorized requests to the clients.

Everything that comes from clients to the router itself, gets to yet another chain, called hs-input.

Before proceeding with (predefined) dynamic rules, the packet gets to the administratively controlled pre-hs-input chain, which is empty by default, hence the invalid state of the jump rule.

Allow client access to the local authentication and proxy services (as described earlier).

All other traffic from unauthorized clients to the router itself will be treated the same way as the traffic traversing the routers.

Unlike NAT table where only TCP-protocol related Walled Garden entries were added, in the packet filter hs-unauth chain is added everything you have set in the /ip hotspot walled-garden ip menu. That is why although you have seen only one entry in the NAT table, there are two rules here.

Everything else that has not been while-listed by the Walled Garden will be rejected. Note usage of TCP Reset for rejecting TCP connections.

Same action as in rules #7 and #8 is performed for the packets destined to the clients (chain hs-unauth-to) as well.

Reject all packets to the clients with ICMP reject message.

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Retrieved from 'https://wiki.mikrotik.com/index.php?title=Manual:Customizing_Hotspot&oldid=34366'

Mikrotik Hotspot Quick Setup Guide + Tips n Tricks for Hotspot !

Mikrotik Hotspot Page Template

A HOTSPOT is way to provide internet access to subscribers by means of an easy to use login interface as it does not require any client software/driver/dialer at user end. To log in, users may use almost any web browser , so they are not required to install additional software.It is also possible to allow users to access some web pages without authentication using Walled Garden feature.

In my personnel opinion, Hotspot is best suited for ad hoc situations, where you cannot control how the client has their machines configured. This is generally useful in Conference Rooms, Hotels, Cafe’s , Restaurants and likewise since people will come and go and you have few permanent users.

One big advantage of using hotspot is that HotSpot does not require any client software/driver/dialer. One disadvantage of using HotSpot is that its usually requires your client to open up his browser to log in before he can use your service . So users wanting to connect to your service using a router or some kind usually have a problem (as routers usually don’t support logging in via HTTP).

Following is a quick setup guide (CLI version) on how-to setup HOTSPOT server in Mikrotik using command interface.

This guide will help you in setting up . . .

# HOTSPOT server,

It will also configure DHCP to assign users IP Address from 172.16.0.1-172.16.0.255 ip pool . Change it accordingly.

I will add two Speed / Rate Limit Profiles, 256k and 512k, it will add a new user ‘zaib‘ password=test with 512k profile and user ‘test‘ Password=test with 256k Limit.

It will Add Default Route to internet which is DSL router ip 192.168.2.2 , Change it accordingly.

In this examples, Mikrotik have two interface cards.

Ether1 LAN = 172.16.0.1 / Connected with LAN/Hotspot users

Ether2 WAN = 192.168.2.1 / Connected with DSL router

DSL Router = 192.168.2.2

COPY PASTE SCRIPT. MAKE SURE YOUR MIKROTIK HAVE NO CONFIG , IT SHOULD BE EMPTY

Script Starts Below.

Basic Mikrotik Hotspot Page Template Downloads

TESTING CLIENT

Basic HOSTPOT is now configured. Now goto client pc, Upon booting, it will automatically receive ip from hotspot dhcp server, Open your browser and try to open any web site, You will see Hotspot Login page asking for credentials.

OR you can customize the hotspot login page to show your logo look like something

You can also make configuration changes via GUI. Please read the following guide for easy n step by step guide on HOTSPOT setup. http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Hotspot_server_setup

HOWTO CUSTOMIZE HOTSPOT LOGIN PAGE

You can use some fancy good looking login page. To customize the login page, Open Winbox , Goto Files , here you will see various files, look at hotspot/login.html , Drag n Drop this file to Desktop. See the attached picture.

Now open it using any html editor, I always prefer FRONTPAGE for editing HTML pages due to its easy interface. Customize it according to your need, You must have some prior knowledge of some website / html editing. You can insert your logo , advertisement and lot more in this page. After you are done, simply Upload the file back from where you downloaded it. use drag n drop feature. For beginners, I recommend you not to change any default variable, just ad your logo n text , After you are familiarized with the structure, you can build your own fully customized login page. – zaib

Good examples of hotspot login page can be found at following link.

Howto Redirect User to your selected site after successful Login

If you want that after successful login to hotspot , user must be redirected to your advertisement web site / any other web, then You will need to replace a variable on the hotspot/login.html document on the mikrotik router. You must replace $(link-orig) with the url of the website you want them to get after login.

There are two links that you have to replace, and both look like this:

Change them to

Now after successful login, user will automatically redirected to yoursite.com, you can also create your customized page showing users details using the variables available.

Howto Allow URL for some destinations for non authenticated Users

Sometimes it is required to allow access to some destinations / URLs for non authenticated users, for example if you have a web / radius server and you want that user can access it without login to hotspot, then you can add its ip address in walled garden.

HOTSPOT users can’t communicate with each other on LAN or PROXY-ARP issue

If you face hotspot broadcast issue / arp-poisoning , problem, Remove the address pool from the Hotspot to turn off Universal NAT,

As showed in the image below …

Howto Bypass authentication for Few Clients

This bypasses the hotspot by mac address.

(change xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx with your user’s mac address. You can also use the ip address to bypass.

You can also use mac-login or cookies features introduced in newer version to let auto login client.

HOTSPOT FLAGS,

HOTSPOT FLAGS, S – static, If you have the lease set as a static dhcp lease (assigns same ip every time device requests one) it shows as static. That is in “/ip dhcp-server lease” using “make-static”.

H – DHCP,

D – Dynamic,

A – If someone connects to the hotspot, they show up in the Hosts tab but are not yet authorized. Once they log in, they show up in the Active tab and are now authorized.

P – bypassed > Go to IP > Hotspot > IP Bindings > and add a new item. One of the “type” options is bypassed, which simply means they don’t have to login. From the wiki, “bypassed – performs the translation, but excludes client from login to the HotSpot”

Some more flags for ROUTE

X – Disabled, not active A – Active, in use C – Connected, a directly connected host route S – Static, added manually R – RIP route, received from the routing information protocol B – BGP, received from the border gateway protocol O – Received from the open shortest path first protocol M – Received from the mesh made easy protocol B – Blackhole route, packets are silently discarded U – Unreachable, discards the packets and sends an ICMP unreachable messages P – Prohibit, discards packet and sends an ICMP communication administratively prohibited message

Change Default ADMIN password for USERMAN

By default , there is no password for admin id for user-man. you can login by entering admin id and no password. this is dangerous.

Make sure you set password

/tool user-manager customer print

Basic Mikrotik Hotspot Page Templates

and note the number of admin id

Now change the password

/tool user-manager customer set password=zaib1234 numbers=0

Hotspot idle-timeout vs keep-alive-timeout (added 22-March-2019)

‘idle-timeout’ is used to detect, if client is not using Router networks, reaching timeout user will be logged out.

‘keep-alive-timeout’ used to detect, if is available and reachable, if check fails client will be dropped out, etc.

in other words,

idle timeout checks traffic. if user is online but is just not sending./receiving anything, he may reach its idle timeout.

keepalive timeout checks availability. keepalive timeout may only be reached if client is physically disconnected or turned off.

Regard’s SYED JAHANZAIB