#LTE/5G Cellular External Antennas

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Automotive V2X Antenna Market: Key Trends, Technological Advancements, and Growth Outlook for 2024

Introduction to the Automotive V2X Antenna Market

The automotive V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) antenna market is at the forefront of the rapidly evolving automotive industry, driven by the increasing demand for connected and autonomous vehicles. V2X communication enables vehicles to communicate with other vehicles (V2V), infrastructure (V2I), pedestrians (V2P), and networks (V2N), enhancing road safety, reducing traffic congestion, and improving driving efficiency. V2X antennas play a crucial role in enabling this communication by transmitting and receiving signals, ensuring seamless data exchange between vehicles and their surroundings. As the automotive industry shifts towards smart mobility, the automotive V2X antenna market is set for substantial growth.

This article explores the trends, growth drivers, challenges, and future outlook for the automotive V2X antenna market, providing insights into the technological advancements and key factors shaping the future of connected vehicles.

Read the Full Report Here:

https://www.reportprime.com/automotive-v2x-antenna-r11731

Market Overview and Growth Projections

The global automotive V2X antenna market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 17% from 2024 to 2030. The rapid advancement of autonomous driving technologies, increasing government initiatives for intelligent transportation systems (ITS), and the growing adoption of electric and connected vehicles are key factors driving the growth of the V2X antenna market.

Key factors contributing to the market's expansion include:

Rise of Autonomous and Connected Vehicles: The increasing development and deployment of autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles are driving the demand for V2X communication systems, in which antennas play a critical role.

Government Mandates for V2X Technology: Governments worldwide are implementing regulations and incentives to accelerate the adoption of V2X technology, promoting road safety and efficient traffic management.

Growing Investments in Smart City Projects: The integration of V2X antennas into smart city infrastructure for connected mobility and traffic management is boosting market demand.

Key Market Segments

By Antenna Type:

Embedded V2X Antennas: Embedded antennas are integrated within the vehicle’s structure, ensuring discreet and streamlined communication. They are popular in modern, sleek vehicle designs where aesthetics are important.

External V2X Antennas: External antennas are mounted outside the vehicle, providing a wider range of communication capabilities and signal strength. These antennas are often found in larger vehicles like trucks and commercial fleets.

By Frequency Band:

Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC): DSRC-based V2X systems operate in the 5.9 GHz frequency band and are widely used for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. DSRC has been a standard in the development of connected vehicles.

Cellular V2X (C-V2X): C-V2X operates on cellular networks, including 4G LTE and 5G, providing higher data transmission rates and broader communication capabilities. C-V2X is gaining traction due to its scalability and ability to support real-time communication.

By Application:

Passenger Vehicles: Passenger cars are the largest segment of the automotive V2X antenna market, driven by the growing adoption of connected vehicle technologies and increasing demand for enhanced safety features.

Commercial Vehicles: V2X technology in commercial vehicles is essential for fleet management, logistics, and improving safety on highways. The demand for V2X antennas is growing in this segment as commercial fleet operators adopt smart transportation solutions.

Electric Vehicles (EVs): As EVs become more popular, the integration of V2X technology for enhanced charging, communication, and energy management is gaining momentum, driving demand for specialized V2X antennas.

Key Drivers of Market Growth

1. Increasing Adoption of Autonomous Vehicles

The shift towards autonomous driving is one of the primary drivers of the automotive V2X antenna market. Autonomous vehicles rely on continuous communication with their surroundings to navigate safely and efficiently. V2X antennas are essential for enabling this communication, ensuring that vehicles can interact with traffic signals, pedestrians, and other vehicles in real-time.

2. Government Initiatives for Road Safety and Traffic Management

Governments worldwide are mandating the implementation of V2X technology in vehicles to improve road safety and reduce traffic congestion. For example, the European Union, the U.S., and China are actively promoting the use of V2X communication in smart city projects and transportation infrastructure. These initiatives are driving the demand for V2X antennas in the automotive industry.

3. Development of 5G Technology

The rollout of 5G technology is expected to accelerate the adoption of C-V2X antennas in vehicles. 5G’s low latency and high data transmission capabilities enable real-time communication between vehicles and their environment, enhancing the safety and efficiency of autonomous driving systems. The increasing use of 5G networks in connected vehicle ecosystems will significantly boost the V2X antenna market.

4. Rise of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Smart Charging

Electric vehicles are increasingly incorporating V2X technology to enable smart charging, energy management, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) communication. V2X antennas allow EVs to interact with charging stations and optimize energy usage, reducing charging times and improving overall grid efficiency.

Challenges in the Automotive V2X Antenna Market

1. High Implementation Costs

One of the key challenges in the automotive V2X antenna market is the high cost of implementing V2X technology. The integration of V2X communication systems requires significant investment in infrastructure, including antennas, sensors, and communication networks. This can be a barrier to adoption, particularly in developing regions where budget constraints may limit the deployment of V2X technology.

2. Security and Privacy Concerns

As vehicles become more connected, security and privacy concerns become more prominent. V2X communication systems are vulnerable to cyberattacks, which could compromise vehicle safety and data integrity. Ensuring robust cybersecurity measures for V2X antennas and communication networks is critical to overcoming this challenge.

3. Interoperability Issues

The adoption of different communication protocols, such as DSRC and C-V2X, can create interoperability challenges between vehicles and infrastructure. Ensuring that V2X antennas can support multiple communication protocols and operate seamlessly across different systems is essential for widespread V2X deployment.

Key Players in the Automotive V2X Antenna Market

Several major companies are driving innovation and growth in the automotive V2X antenna market, offering advanced solutions to meet the evolving needs of the automotive industry:

Continental AG: A leading player in automotive technology, Continental provides a range of V2X antennas and communication systems that enable vehicle connectivity and enhance road safety.

Denso Corporation: Denso is a key manufacturer of automotive V2X components, including antennas, offering solutions for both DSRC and C-V2X communication systems.

Ficosa International S.A.: Ficosa specializes in providing advanced V2X antennas and telecommunication systems for connected vehicles, focusing on innovation in antenna design and performance.

Laird Connectivity: Laird is known for its cutting-edge antenna technology, offering V2X antennas that support both DSRC and C-V2X communication, providing high-performance solutions for connected vehicles.

TE Connectivity: TE Connectivity offers a wide range of automotive V2X antennas, providing innovative communication solutions for autonomous and connected vehicles.

Future Outlook and Opportunities

The automotive V2X antenna market is poised for rapid growth as the automotive industry shifts towards connected and autonomous mobility. The integration of 5G technology, increasing demand for electric vehicles, and government initiatives for smart transportation systems will create significant opportunities for manufacturers in the coming years.

Regional Outlook:

North America: North America is expected to lead the V2X antenna market, driven by strong government support for V2X technology adoption and the presence of major automotive manufacturers in the region.

Europe: Europe will see significant growth in the automotive V2X antenna market, fueled by smart city projects and government regulations aimed at improving road safety and reducing traffic congestion.

Asia-Pacific: The Asia-Pacific region, particularly China, will experience rapid growth due to the increasing adoption of connected and autonomous vehicles, as well as government investments in intelligent transportation infrastructure.

Conclusion

The automotive V2X antenna market is set for substantial growth in the coming years, driven by the rise of autonomous vehicles, advancements in 5G technology, and increasing government initiatives for smart transportation systems. While challenges such as high implementation costs and security concerns exist, the future of the market remains promising. Manufacturers that focus on innovation, cybersecurity, and interoperability will be well-positioned to capitalize on the opportunities in this rapidly evolving industry.

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Telstra's Next G network operates on the 850MHz frequency, Telstra's 4G uses 1800MHz and Testra's 4GX uses 700MHz frequency. Buy in monthly payments with Affirm on orders over. MIMO 2x2 Panel External Antenna Kit for 4G LTE/5G Hotspots & Routers has a rating of 4.9 stars based on 237 reviews.

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Telstra Smart Antenna­® Telstra 4G WiFi ZTE MF910(Y) Telstra 4G WiFi Advanced II Netgear 790S Telstra Pre-Paid 4G My Pocket Wi-Fi Ultimate Netgear 785S Telstra Wifi 4G Advanced Pro X E5786 Netgear 782s & 785s Cradle 78XS Netgear Smart Cradle DC112A Telstra PrePaid 4G WiFi - E5372T Telstra Wi-fi 4G Advanced - 782s Telstra Prepaid 4G USB MF823 Cross-polarized MIMO external antennas can help you get the absolute best data rates for your LTE or 5G hotspot. This prepaid 4G modem operates on the following 4G frequencies: LTE 700, 900, 1800, 2100, 2600 and the following.

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This modem has two external antenna ports so you will need an antenna and a patch lead. Improve reception and mobile broadband speeds.

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Your 4G Smart Antenna has two indoor units: The window unit picks up a signal from outdoors and brings it inside The coverage unit amplifies the signal around your office or home Can anyone purchase a 4G Smart Antenna? External antennas and patch leads for the Telstra 4G LTE My Pocket WiFi Plus Modem MF910. Options are: 4G/3G/2G.The mobile 4G Smart Antenna extends the signal for your mobile or mobile broadband devices on the Telstra network. Click on Details Page to configure the LTE connection. Under Access Mode click on the pulldown menu for LTE WAN.

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Choose from our range of: Panel Antenna which can be mounted on either a wall or a mast Portable Desktop Antenna Patch Cables Extension Cables Antenna Mounting Brackets Antenna Kits which include your choice of Antenna, patch cable, extension cable and. Jili Online Pack Of 2 4G LTE External Antenna Sma Male Router Booster Wireless For B593 Huawei BlackFull Screen Ahead has a range of antenna and associated connectors to suit most of the wireless broadband modems available in Australia. Huawei E5775 E5373 E8278 E5786 E3272 4G Wifi Modem External Log Periodic Yagi Antenna Highest Gain. Telstra Wi-fi 4G Advanced Pro X Huawei E5786S E5786 External Wide Band Log Periodic Yagi Antenna Kit Highest Gain 11DB W 30FT L. This Rugged Antenna Has Been Approved and Sold by Verizon, T-Mobile, AT&T, Sprint / Clear, US Cellular, Telus, Telstra and Other Service Provider Agents Nationwide/Worldwide!! - Advanced Hi-Gain Multi-Band (3G 4G 5G LTE AMPS. World-Band BLADE 3G 4G 5G LTE External Antenna Signal Booster w/Adapter Cable & Velcro Mount. Find out exactly which external antennas will help you improve. External Antennas for 4G LTE & 5G Hotspots, Modems, Routers. Find out exactly which external antennas will help you improve signal for your 4G LTE or 5G hotspot, modem, or router. When directly in front of a tower, the Nighthawk M5 was typically achieving speed tests over 700Mbps, while the Telstra 5G Wi-Fi Pro floated around. Outdoors, the Nighthawk M5 edged out the Telstra 5G Wi-Fi Pro. $19.99.Internet Modem Antenna - fast wireless internet without NBN - TS9 con. Availability: In Stock - We Usually Ship This Item In 1-2 Days. Allows you to connect an external antenna or signal booster for better cellular reception. Requires cellular antenna (not included). Fits devices like Hotspots and Home Phone Connects with TS-9 Ports. Compatible with most popular helium miner hotspot 868MHz (EU), such as RAK Bobcat HNT Hotspot Miner, etc Deployed at RFID systems, UHF: 865 - 868 MHz (Europe) 902 - 928 MHz (North America) 920 - 926. Covering all the GSM UMTS LTE 3G 4G bands in Australia, Compatible WiFi Suport LoRa IoT Application. Ultimate all-in-one Directional antenna can be used for a wide array of wireless applications.

[boltontechnical-blog]

Top 3 cell c signal booster

Cell C has been South Africa’s fastest growing mobile operator for many years and managed to grow it’s mobile subscribers from 9 million in 2012 to over 20 million in July 2015. Cell C offers competitive pricing on their data and voice products and have launched some innovative product offerings in recent years such as on-demand video streaming services for movies, series and other content. Cell C relies partly on roaming on MTN’s cellular infrastructure, which has helped increase their national coverage footprint significantly, however they are still hard hit by recent cell tower battery theft and vandalism on their own and their roaming partner’s networks.

Many consumers struggle with weak Cell C signal, and some claim to have no signal even though they are located within a coverage area on the coverage map. Others lie on fringe areas of these coverage zones and struggle with spotty and weak signal.

If you’re reading this article, and searching for a way to boost your weak Cell C signal, we have the answer you have been looking for.

Introducing our complete list or signal boosters for your needs:

Home & Small Office

Large Office and Commercial

Vehicle Solutions- Car, Caravan and Boats

The Challenge:

First, let’s explain why you’re getting weak signal and dropped calls. Cellular phone signals are radio waves that travel great distances but are easily interrupted by almost anything you can think of:

Distance from a cell tower

Too many users serviced by same cell tower

Outside Typography: Trees, koppies, mountains, valleys, and tall structures like buildings and dense urban population.

Building material: Metal, glass, concrete, brick, and other conductive material (electrical or magnetic).

Internal building obstructions: Thick walls, other electrical devices, clutter, etc.

Bad weather.

By the time the cellphone signal reaches your cell phone, it’s weak and spotty leading to limited coverage and bad reception. You’ll raise your phone in the air hoping the antenna will pick up something, hanging on to that one bar of signal if you’re lucky.

Everything changes with a Cell C Signal Booster.

A Cell C Signal Boosters takes the existing weak signal, and amplifies it up to 32X, and then re-broadcasts the enhanced signal to an area in need in your home or car.

Cell C Signal Booster Highlights:

ICASA Approved. Complete easy to install kits.

Better coverage: no need to stand in a particular spot or do ballet moves to get workable signal.

Reliable reception: no more dropped calls, repeating a conversation, or robotic-sounding voices

Consistent internet with faster upload and download speeds.

Works on all smartphones & cellular devices.

No monthly fees — once off purchase. No need to connect to wifi or internet.

Works for all Cell C voice and text services. Also boosts signal for MTN, Vodacom, Telkom, and Rain.

For homes, whether you’re in a remote area with an self-sustainable farmhouse or the big city with difficult-to-penetrate-signal buildings, our recommended cell phone amplifiers will get the job done. They’ll extend your Cell C network signal up to 1000m2 depending on your outside signal and amplifier.

Cell C Enterprise signal booster solutions cover up to 30 000m2 buildings, although it takes a dedicated team of installers and planners to get the absolute best service.

Why let bad cell signal frustrate you? Bring the cell tower inside your home! Below are our top recommendations for Cell C signal boosters.

Cell C Cell Phone Signal Booster For Home

OUR PICK — A500 Signal Booster Kit

https://www.boltontechnical.co.za/products/wilsonpro-a500

A500 Product Highlights

Entire home coverage: Improves 3G and 4G coverage up to 500m2 (typical home size).

Most popular home booster: Trusted by hundreds of people across South Africa.

High-powered range: Up to +70 dB gain for 32X stronger signal.

Our Review:

WilsonPro A500 has been the most recommended home signal booster for many years for good reason. It’s a dependable performer that covers most homes for better signal.

The average south african home size is around 250m2. Under absolute best conditions, the WilsonPro A500 covers up to 500m2 if you have great outside signal and an open-spaced home layout.

Tried-and-tested results and customer reviews put it at 300m2–450m2 and a little less for remote areas, or in extreme poor signal conditions.

The A500 is a great option for most homes, small offices, farmhouses, and buildings under 500m2. If you’re getting some spotty reception, we’d recommend to start with this signal booster since this tends to be the Goldilocks or “just right” model.

https://www.boltontechnical.co.za/

FREE delivery, minimum order R500

30 Day money-back guarantee.

Lifetime support.

Cell C Cell Phone Signal Booster For Offices and Large Buildings

OUR PICK — A1000 Signal Booster Kit

https://www.boltontechnical.co.za/products/wilsonpro-a1000

A1000 Product Highlights:

Whole House or Office coverage: Improves 3G and 4G coverage up to 1000m2 (large buildings).

For Large Building Coverage: Trusted by hundreds of people across South Africa

High-powered range: Up to +74 dB gain for 32X stronger signal.

Our Review:

The Wilson Pro A1000 (50 Ohm) from Wilson Electronics is the most powerful commercial cell phone signal boosters we currently offer. It features automatic gain control with a self-optimising design for easy installation & maintenance.

Best-case scenarios can expect coverage up to 1000m2. More likely results can at least expect 750–900m2 even with below-average outside signal. Again, fringe zones can expect a little less.

If you have an extremely poor signal (remote area) or need wide coverage for a building 1000m2+ over a warehouse or large area, the WilsonPro A1000 is your best bet.

https://www.boltontechnical.co.za/

FREE delivery, minimum order R500

30 Day money-back guarantee.

Lifetime support.

Cell C Cell Phone Signal Booster For Vehicles and Small Rooms/Areas *Launches End October 2019

Our Pick Drive AM 100-Pro

https://www.boltontechnical.co.za/products/weboost-drive-am100-pro

AM100-Pro Highlights:

High-powered range: Up to +50 dB gain for 32X stronger signal.

Multi-user: Boosts signal for multiple users in a vehicle — up to 4 handsets.

Dual-Solution: Can be used in a vehicle and doubles up as a small room solution.

Our Review:

The Drive AM100-Pro is a “dual-solution” unit that work for vehicles and in single-room situations. The product is currently under going ICASA regulatory testing and will be available by end of October 2019.

This will be the first wide-band vehicle unit in the South African market, meaning it will boost 3G and 4G LTE signals for all cellular phones and all networks.This easy to install device is perfect for cars, bakkies, trucks, caravans and boats.

For the Single Room Solution: Depending on the outside signal, you will get 1 room coverage under best conditions. But you’re not here because of best conditions, so it’s more realistic to say small office to single room coverage (about 100m2 to 125m2).

This unit is a great option for single-office, home office and small areas such as cottages or apartments. A good starter kit if you have decent outside signal however doesn’t provide whole home coverage, and is not a strong performer in remote areas with extremely poor signal.

Visit the product page and join the pre-order mailing list to get notified as soon as the product launches.

https://www.boltontechnical.co.za/

FREE delivery, minimum order R500

30 Day money-back guarantee.

Lifetime support.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Is a Cell C Signal Booster the same thing as a Cell C Microcell?

No. They’re completely different products.

A Cell C Microcell needs to be connected to a broadband landline internet to work. In short, it acts as a personal cell tower by converting your broadband landline to cell signals and vice versa.

A Cell C signal booster takes your pre-existing weak cell signal and amplifies that 3G & 4G LTE siganl in your home, office, or car. Think of it as a megaphone, it enhances the signal for your phone to pick up.

Which is better? Cell C Signal Booster or Cell C Microcell?

A Cell C signal booster and here’s why.

Cell C now suggests users connect to WiFi calling instead of installing Microcells.

If you already have broadband landline internet from Cell C, Mweb, Afrihost or any internet provider, we recommend going with WiFi calling.

A Cell C Microcell is additional equipment you don’t need since WiFi calling does the same thing and it’s free.

But if you don’t have a landline internet service provider nor have access to it–especially remote areas, then a Cell C booster is the best choice since it doesn’t require any type of internet or WiFi service to work.

It simply reaches further to the nearest cell tower, bypasses multiple interference, and brings a stronger signal to your phone.

Will a Cell C Signal Booster also improve my Cell C hot spot device?

Absolutely.

Cell C mobile hot spot routers use 3G & 4G LTE signals, and that’s what signal boosters do: enhance 3G & 4G LTE signal!

From any Wireless Internet router, it’ll get better signal and speeds, especially if the Cell C 4G router has an external antenna port that can directly connect to the Cell C signal booster.

Will a Cell C Signal Booster work with my Cell C phone?

Yes, yes, and yes.

Whether it’s an iPhone, Samsung, LG, or any phone, if it’s working on the Cell C network, then a signal booster will also improve reception to your phone.

What if I switch mobile operators in the future?

Our Cell C signal boosters from Wilson Electronics (weBoost & WilsonPro) are multi-network systems. This means they are also compatible with MTN, Telkom, and other major and local networks. They are future-proof!

What about Cell C 5G service?

The rollout process for 5G in South Africa is expected to take another 2–3 years. South African mobile operators are waiting on the communications regulator (ICASA) to license the required spectrum.

The Minister of Communications has asked ICASA to investigate and report on the required spectrum for 5G. This report is due to be released end of May 2020, whereafter a separate policy direction on the 5G candidate bands will be issued.

Will 5G make my Cell C signal booster obsolete?

Nope.

4G LTE is still being built out across South Africa. In fact, 4G LTE is the backbone of the nation’s wireless service. It’s not going anywhere anytime soon, AND it’s getting faster.

4G LTE is expected to peak in 2030–2035. So…come back in a decade and ask the same question and we might have a different answer by then.

Who are you and how can you help me?

Bolton Technical is a leading provider of cell phone signal boosters, devices that amplify 4G & 3G LTE for any phone with any network for home, office, or car.

We’ve boosted over 1,000,000 sq meter of signal for homes, buildings, and vehicles across South Africa and the US.

Free consultation (ask us anything) with our SA-based customer support. Email: (sales@boltontechnical.co.za). Phone: +27 11 749 3085

Free delivery for orders over R500 to main centers.

30-day money-back guarantee. We want to make sure you’re satisfied.

Our goal is simple: keep people connected. Ask us anything and we’ll be glad to help.

[onesource123]

What Is GSM Signal Booster KSA, and Why Is It Necessary?

Cell phone boosters are popular in the market and have gained outstanding popularity in the market over the last few years. It has moved from rural areas to urban areas.  A GSM signal booster KSA is an electronic device that improves the 5G, 4G, and LTE networks. It enhances call quality, signal strength, and data speed. A cell phone booster will help if you have a good signal outside the home but a low signal inside the home.

Let's understand how a cell phone booster works. 

A cell phone booster is usually known as a signal extender or amplifier, but you can also call it a cellular phone repeater. It works by pulling in your existing outside signal, boosting it, and rebroadcasting it into the desired areas. The cellular devices are what automatically pick up the amplified signal. In this case, the undelivered text dropped calls, and unreliable data got terminated. 

Boosters also work in reverse. The device receives incoming signals from nearby cellular devices and sends them to the nearest cell tower. There are different types of boosters available that target specific needs. Let's understand some of this.

In building signal boosters.

It is specifically designed for homes, offices, and commercial buildings.

Vehicle signal booster.

It is designed for cars, trucks, RVs, SUVs, boats, and fleet vehicles. There should be an existing signal to start working on a cellular amplifier. Even if it is weak, outside the home or office, The units enhance the existing cellular signals and do not create them.

There are two types of external antennae.

An omnidirectional antenna.

This antenna pulls in signals from every direction. It has a 360-degree beam, and that is very good for homes and offices. Homes and offices with multiple cell towers can boost multiple carriers.

Uni-directional antenna.

This antenna is shaped like a triangle, only pulling signals from one direction. It has a 45-degree beam designed to point to the nearest tower. It has a more focused signal that allows this antenna to reach further than Omni. In various cases, it is used for homes and offices with poor signals, which can benefit from this uni-directional antenna.

These homes and offices only want to boost the single carrier.

The location is also an essential factor as it affects the power of the amplifier's signal. Usually, the antenna that has the strongest signal is the one that is good for giving the best result. An antenna that is mounted on the roof gives an excellent result.

The amplifier receives a signal from the outside antenna. The signal booster's gain value can only amplify the cellular signal. The gain is applied, and it captures the signal, which is measured in dBm. The closer you are to 50dbm, the more reliable your signal is. The actual amplification power depends on your existing signal strength. If you have a weak signal, the booster will apply more gain, and if you have a strong signal, the booster will apply less signal, preventing overloading the unit. The mobile signal booster in Saudi Arabia is what you can look for better mobile connections, and you will find it easily online.

[fancytastemakerbluebird]

A simple cell phone signal booster installation guide

Cell phone signal boosters are designed to boost your 5G and 4G LTE signals to improve your cell reception and eliminate dropped phone calls. Proper installation ensures you get the best cell signal coverage in your home, office, or vehicle. On the other hand, improper installation will negatively affect your coverage area and uplink power. There are several simple steps in the installation process. Let's take a look at how to install a home, car, and RV cell phone signal booster. How to install a home signal booster Installing a home cell phone booster is not a difficult task, you don't need to be a professional cellular signal booster installer to get the job done. If you decide to go the DIY route, you'll need a few tools: a ladder, your smartphone, a Phillips-head screwdriver, and an adjustable wrench. Step 1: Find the best cellular signal outside your home Cell phone signal boosters, also called repeaters and extenders, use an external antenna to pick up an existing weak signal. Its location can affect the strength of the signal being transmitted. Therefore, you will want the antenna to be located in an area with the strongest signal. Therefore, before installing the antenna, it is very important to find the area with the best signal. Test the outdoor signal by walking around your home and using: • Your phone signal bars: The side of your house that provides the most bars will be the area where you should place the antenna. However, it's important to note that even though phone bars are a good way to see signal strength, they are subjective measurements. A bar for Sprint can be 4 for Verizon, 3 for AT&T, and 2 for T-Mobile. This happens because there is no standard on the level of signal strength that each bar represents. • dBm measurements: Using dBm measurements will give you the most accurate signal strength readings. A mobile signal can range from -50 to -120 dBm, with -50 dBm indicating full bars and -120 dBm indicating no signal. The side of your house that gives you the highest dBm measurement is where you want to install your antenna. You can check your dBm measurement through your Android device's Settings or iPhone's Field Test Mode menu. Finding dB readings on your phone For iPhone: • Make sure you are not connected to WiFi or hotspot → Dial 3001#12345# → Press Call button → Field test menu will appear → Drag down notification bar → dBm reading will be displayed on the left side corner. For Android: • Go to Settings → About Phone → Network or Status → SIM Card Status → Signal Strength Step 2: Installing the external antenna The outdoor antenna (also called the donor antenna) should be mounted as high as possible, ideally on the roof of your house. Doing so will improve the antenna's line of sight to the cell phone tower, as well as reduce the number of obstacles between the antenna and the tower that can degrade the signal. You can use a mounting pole, a vent pipe, or fascia to mount the antenna. This is where a ladder, Phillips-head screwdriver, and adjustable wrench will come in handy. It is recommended to place the antenna at or near the edge of the roof. If you are using a directional antenna, such as a Yagi antenna, be sure to point it away from your roof and in the direction of the nearest cell tower provided by your carrier. There is no need to aim an omnidirectional antenna. In situations where mounting an antenna on the roof is impractical, you can mount it in an attic, on a wall, or near a window in front of a cell tower. Keep in mind that added obstructions can reduce the signal received by the antenna. As a result, the amplifier will receive less signal, which can reduce the coverage area. Step 3: Connecting the external antenna to the amplifier After the antenna is installed, connect the coaxial cable that was included in the box to the antenna and run it inside your home. This can be done in several ways: • Dig a hole in your house • Follow your satellite TV antenna cable and run coax cable along it and into your home • Running the cable through a vent

Use a flat window entry cable and run it under the window Whichever method you decide to use, it is recommended to install a drip loop in your cable before it enters the house. A drip loop is a low point or a loop on the cable that forces water to drip and prevents it from entering your home. Once the cable is in, connect it to the signal amplifier. Step 4: Installing the indoor antenna Ideally, the indoor antenna should be installed in or near the area where you are experiencing connectivity issues. Cell phone signal booster kits can include different types of indoor antennas: • Dome Antenna: This antenna is ceiling mounted and will distribute a signal in a 360-degree angle. • Panel antenna: Usually, this antenna is mounted on the wall, but it can also be mounted on the ceiling (make sure it is facing down). Panel antennas distribute a single 45- to 70-degree angle, meaning the signal will be strongest in its closest areas. • Desktop antennas: These antennas can be placed on any flat surface. Some booster kits, like the weBoost Home Room, include a stand-alone desktop antenna, while others, like the SureCall Flare 4G 3.0, or the HiBoost Home 4K Plus, feature a 2-in-1 amplifier/antenna combo. keep When installing the indoor antenna, make sure there is at least 20 feet vertical or 50 feet horizontal distance between the outdoor and indoor antennas to prevent oscillation, which will cause the booster to stop. After placing the antenna in the area where you need a better signal, connect the coaxial cable to the antenna and amplifier (except amplifier/antenna combos). Step 5: Turn on the power To complete the cell phone signal booster installation process, connect the power cord to the amplifier and a wall outlet. The booster will take a few seconds to configure itself. Once this is done, green lights on the booster indicate the end of poor reception and dropped calls. If at any time you want to adjust the position of the equipment or troubleshoot the amplifier, simply unplug the power cord, and plug it back in after a few seconds. Similarly, you would restart the router to reset your wireless signal.

Alternative: Professionally installed cell signal booster If the thought of installing a signal booster in your home or small business has put you off, we offer 4g MOBILE SIGNAL BOOSTER that include professional installation as part of the package

[estimote]

Announcing LTE Beacon for asset tracking

At Estimote we believe apps of the future won’t be downloaded to phones, computers or tablets. Developers of tomorrow will use the physical world as their canvas. Precise location of people and objects will be accessed programmatically and apps will be “installed” on places.

To make this happen we are working on an Operating System for the physical world: a software environment where developers will be able to quickly build apps for one location and run the same experience on many.

Our first product, Estimote Bluetooth Beacons launched in 2013, enabled us to locate people and their phones inside buildings. To do that, we used Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), an emerging technology at the time. Our iconic design, easy-to-use software and simple APIs made them the most popular beacons for developers. Since then, more than 150,000 innovators, startups, agencies, and Fortune 500 companies have used them to create context-aware apps. They’ve built mobile solutions to increase workplace productivity, comply with safety regulations, and deliver other magical experiences at scale, something that simply can’t be accomplished without accurate microlocation.

New product from Estimote

Today we are proud to announce another revolutionary IoT device. Once again, we chose to leverage emerging IoT technologies (LTE M1 and NB-IoT) and have designed and productized a new device we call the “Estimote LTE Beacon.”

It’s a small, wireless beacon that can compute both its precise indoor and outdoor position. It can talk directly to the cloud and last multiple years on a battery.

Estimote LTE Beacons are designed primarily to seamlessly locate assets and vehicles when they move between indoor and outdoor environments. Their secure firmware/cloud software is crafted to provide true “proof of location” and “proof of delivery.”

Since the device is fully programmable using JavaScript, it can also support other creative use-cases — for example, it can act as a remotely managed iBeacon or a gateway used to configure other Bluetooth beacons.

Smartphone without a screen

The best way to think of this new IoT device is to imagine it as a small smartphone, but without a screen. It can last years between charges and the cost is similar to a beacon. It has cellular LTE connectivity, built-in GPS, and Bluetooth radio. And it is also possible to create and download apps that run on the LTE beacon.

LTE Beacon specification

To create this new device from Estimote we have integrated the best Internet of Things components, designing the most robust beacon the industry has ever seen. Below, you can find the full specification and tech details of the radio and other IoT components we have used.

PROCESSOR AND MEMORY

It has a low-power 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 CPU with floating point unit (FPU) running at 64 MHz. There is 1MB flash with cache onboard and 256KB RAM supporting over-the-air (OTA) firmware updates. There is an additional ARM CryptoCell co-processor with a full AES 128-bit suite as well as a true random number generator for full entropy and asymmetric/symmetric hashing cryptographic services.

BLUETOOTH RADIO

We have integrated one of the newest 2.4 GHz radios. It fully supports the latest Bluetooth 5.0 standard including mesh networking, long range, and high data throughput. The radio could also support 802.15.4-based protocols such as Thread and ANT. There is an additional amplifier (+20 dB) for extended range of packet advertising (200m).

SATELLITE POSITIONING

The device has a low-power satellite signal receiver supporting American GPS, European Galileo, Russian GLONASS, Chinese BeiDou, and Japanese QZSS. It uses multi-constellation algorithms for fast and accurate fixes using all visible satellites.

LTE CONNECTIVITY

Cloud connectivity is possible using a low-power LTE IoT modem equipped with an ARM Cortex A7 (1.3 GHz) and supporting 5G-ready protocols such as LTE Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1. The peak data upload speed to the cloud is 375 KBps for LTE-M and 60 KBps for NB-IoT. The modem supports eDRX and PSM sleep cycles to reduce power consumption while enabling cloud-invoked communication with the device. The modem and the antenna support 15 bands (B1/B2/B3/B4/B5/B8/B12/B13/B18/B19/B20/B26/B28/B39) that cover virtually the entire world.

OTHER COMPONENTS

Lithium-Ion rechargeable battery lasting 2 years on default settings

USB-C compatible with USB 2.0 for fast charging

NFC-A programmable tag supporting NFC Type 2 and Type 4

3-axis accelerometer

Programmable push button for specific use-cases such as alerts

Programmable RGB LEDs

Temperature sensor

Integrated ultra-strong adhesive layer

Mounting hole for industrial deployments

Durable, non-toxic silicone enclosure

How does the LTE Beacon work?

This LTE-M device can be attached to an asset, e.g. a jet engine manufactured in a factory. When it moves across the production line, the LTE Beacon scans for Bluetooth beacons installed in the factory and reports its precise indoor location to the cloud. When loaded into a truck, it continues to report its outdoor position using satellite systems. It can also report key telemetry data such as temperature, vibration, and battery status.

When the jet engine arrives at a warehouse, it switches back to beacon-tracking for precise indoor positioning. And finally, when the product gets shipped to the end-customer it can automatically report a secure “proof of delivery” signal.

The above use case is just one example of how the LTE Beacon can be programmed to work. We have designed an entirely new way of adapting the device to support many Internet of Things applications.

Programmable beacon and micro apps

Our previous generation of beacons had really only one “app” installed—our embedded firmware. It exposed some of the settings such as range, compatible packets (iBeacon or Eddystone) or other parameters. But it wasn’t possible for our customers to “upload” their own software into the device.

The new Estimote LTE Beacon is different. We created a Web IDE in Estimote Cloud where you can program it using JavaScript. We’re exposing a bunch of APIs for you to use in the process: BLE scanning & advertising, sending & receiving data via LTE-M to/from Estimote Cloud, obtaining GPS coordinates, reading from on-device sensors, responding to the button press, etc.

When you’re done, Estimote Cloud will compile the code into a “micro-app,” and send the bytecode to the LTE beacon, where it starts being executed.

For example, if we want to program the LTE Beacon to use its Bluetooth radio to advertise both iBeacon and Eddystone at the same time, we can upload the micro app code below.

// Define your iBeacon packet var iBeaconPacket = ble.build.iBeacon('DE4E12E7-7E0F-4A6B-A4DD-AA837507FB20', 2000, 18); // Define your Eddystone-URL packet var EddystonePacket = ble.build.eddystoneURL('https://estimote.com'); // Start Bluetooth LE advertising ble.advertise(iBeaconPacket); ble.advertise(EddystonePacket).interval(500).power(4); ` ` Here is another example. This one will detect if the central button on the device was pressed, read the GPS <pre>` function sendPosition() { var { latitude, longitude } = location.getLastPosition(); cloud.enqueue('position-update', { lat: latitude, lon: longitude }); } io.press(io.button.MAIN, sendPosition); `</pre> ### Lambda expressions To accelerate the back-end prototyping and enable developers to quickly process the data received from the LTE device, we have also added an element of serverless architecture.  In addition to the micro app code, you can write another JavaScript snippet—this time, a function that sits in Estimote Cloud, and processes the data received from the LTE beacon. For example, if you want to create a “panic button” application which uses Twilio to send a text message whenever the button is pressed on the LTE-M device, here is an example micro app code and additional lambda expression. <pre>``io.press(io.button.MAIN, () =>; { // send an 'alert' event to Estimote Cloud cloud.enqueue('alert'); }); // Your Account Sid and Auth Token from twilio.com/console const accountSid = '…'; const authToken = '…'; const twilio = require('twilio')(accountSid, authToken); module.exports = async function(message) { // respond to the 'alert' event if (message.type === 'alert') { await twilio.messages.create({ body: 'There's been an alert…', to: '+1…', from: '+1…', }); } };

Of course our new product can be also programmed to send requests to user defined end-points in their own cloud enviroment.

IoT app templates

We call a pair of these two JavaScript snippets an “IoT Application,” and we have prepared a few templates you can choose from when adding a new IoT App in Estimote Cloud. With these templates, it will be possible to quickly turn the device into a GPS tracker, a cloud beacon, or a location-aware panic button.

There will be a separate blogpost on how the LTE Beacon can be programmed, so you can learn more about the entire process there. Stay tuned!

LTE-M device battery life

Since this LTE Beacon is fully programmable, battery life will depend on the micro app, the intensity of the radio usage, and also the external environment such as distance to base stations, type of connection (LTE Cat M1 or Narrowband IoT) and visibility of satellites.

For example, if we program the device to act as a GPS tracker and do nothing else other than send GPS coordinates to the cloud once a day, it will last approximately 2 years. However, if we want to get real-time position of an asset and receive GPS updates every few seconds, the device will last a few days at most.

The rule of thumb is that:

Bluetooth advertising (iBeacon/Eddystone) consumes the least power

Scanning for Bluetooth devices consumes significantly more energy

Processing satellite signals is even more power-hungry

And finally scanning and sending data over the LTE-M and Narrowband networks drains the battery the most. Note that it is still a fraction of the energy needed for cloud communication using classic voice or data sent over 3G

As part of our Cloud-based IDE, we are working on a battery usage profiler, so we will be able to help developers predict the battery consumption of their apps.

Estimote LTE Beacon also has a USB-C port and a rechargeable battery built-in, so it can be powered or recharged when necessary for applications that require a constant cloud connection or GPS/Bluetooth scanning.

Pricing and availability

We are shipping LTE Beacons as Developer Kits. Each box will include two devices and the total cost will be $129 + shipping. We can ship anywhere in the world.

Since the LTE Beacons have active data plans and talk to the LTE networks of our telecommunication partners as well as use our cloud services, there will be an additional subscription fee. For the beacons in the dev kit, it will be $2 per device per month, and the first 3 months are free. The devices can be still used and programmed without an active subscription, but the cloud connectivity won’t be possible.

PoC and Pilots

If you also need assistance building your first IoT apps using our Web IDE and APIs we are always more than happy to help. Shoot us a note at:

[cowinantenna]

5G Antenna

https://www.cowinantenna.com/products/5g-antenna/

5G technology means a step change in capacity and data rates for mobile networks. As one of the 5G small cell WIFI antenna manufacturers, Cowin can support your 5G application with a growing range of antennas that support 5G frequencies including 600MHz, 700MHz, 3.5GHz, and 5GHz, Cowin has some 5G external antenna and 5G internal antenna for your option, and supports customized 5G antenna for your devices. Types of 5G Internet/network antennas that Cowin has covered, is a wide range from 5G antenna for home, 5G roof antenna to 5G glass antenna. Welcome to buy our 5G antenna related products at a proper price!

 5G Antenna Application

 5G is the 5th generation of cellular networks, a significant evolution of 4G LTE networks, in addition to delivering faster connections and greater capacity, a very important advantage of 5G is the fast response time, 3G networks had a typical response time of 100 milliseconds, 4G is around 30 milliseconds and 5G will be as low as 1 millisecond.

[antennagear]

CRADLEPOINT ROUTER EXTERNAL ANTENNAS

Choose Cradlepoint Device for AntennaGear End-to-End External Antenna Solution Options.

AntennaGear Proprietary Ruggedized, Multi-Carrier, Multi-Technology Engineering Assures Maximum Connectivity for Cradlepoint Public Safety, Vehicle, IoT, Utilities, Fixed, Enterprise and Private Networking Applications. (Cellular 4G LTE CBRS 5G NR - WiFi 6 - GPS GNSS). Buy Cradlepoint Antennas Online

[miotsolutions]

Internet of Things (IoT) solutions are beneficial for nearly every industry, promoting the creation of the latest business and inspiring opportunities. IoT solutions have helped in connecting devices, managing tasks, analyzing opportunities, and transferring information in a protected manner. An IoT Solution Company works for the combination of four noticeable components that are sensors/devices, connectivity, processing, and a computer program. Miot Solutions is an IoT solutions company that provides antennas for a range of obligations including Cellular LTE, 5G, mm Wave, GNSS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth/BLE, LPWA/LoRa, and Satellite communications. They have different types of antennas available in several package types and sizes along with chip, active and passive patch, and external antennas. For more details please visit www.miotsolutions.com

[digitalconvo]

Outdoor Small Cell Antenna Market Overview, Global Analysis Market Size, Share

Outdoor Small Cell Antenna Market Introduction

There has been a rise in the realization of an efficient network, which suffices the ever-evolving demand for a faster data connection. Outdoor small cell antenna forms a crucial part of the contemporary 4G LTE network and next-gen’s 5G network. They are miniaturized wireless transmitters as well as receivers developed to enhance the network coverage of small areas.

With the rising rate of urbanization and the zeal to enhance the cellular experience of the consumers, the manufacturers of the outdoor small cell antenna market are concentrating their efforts into fortifying their data transfer rate and coverage. In addition to this, outdoor small cell antennas have been utilized to reduce the power drawn, thereby extending the life of the battery. Demand for outdoor small cell antenna prevails on the back of innovation proposed by the advent of 5G network for delivering excellent coverage, especially in the urban areas with denser region.

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With groundwork being led for the establishment of 5G network, demand for strong network will prevail, which will lay foundation to many innovations. As a result, the outdoor small cell antenna is expected to grow at an impressive rate in the forthcoming future. These factors are likely to boost the outdoor small cell antenna market growth in the near future.

Outdoor Small Cell Antenna Market – Novel Developments

The manufacturers of the outdoor small cell antenna market have been successful in projecting the systems to the operators, who are pacing up with the developing technology by refurbishing their network infrastructures. Demand for outdoor small cell antenna has been surging on account of their excellent capabilities to handle network congestion and synergy with various network topologies and technologies.

Vodafone Group, a leading player in the outdoor small cell antenna market conducted a six-week long trial to offer mobile coverage to businesses and rural areas. Vodafone utilized a novel small cell device which leverages a broadband connection in areas where the mobile network is extremely poor. The size of the device is analogous to that of the modem and a broadband connection and external power are the only requisites. Such small cells will act as a self-sufficient solution to offset the dependency of network on the mobile operators and mobile towers.

Ericsson’s Radio System allows the operators and urban areas to set up radios in underground systems, wherein the fiber and the power source are connected to the antenna at the ground level, thereby enabling the network even at underground level.

Some of the most prominent competitors operating in the competitive landscape of global outdoor small cell antenna market include –

Kathrein USA

Crown Castle

Ericsson. CommScope Inc.

JMA Wireless

TilsonTech

Airvana

China Mobile

DraginWave Inc.

NEC Corporation

Nokia, Qualcomm Inc

PT

SpiderCloud Wireless

Vodafone Group

Verizon

Universal Corporation

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Outdoor Small Cell Antenna Market – Dynamics

Demand for Outdoor Small Cell Antenna Market Surges as the Existing Network Infrastructure Could Become Obsolete in the Future

With the growth of the innovative devices and technologies to satisfy the increasing data demands of the consumers, there is a need to establish a strong network, irrespective of the place. However, the existing network architecture can barely satiate today’s demand and will soon reach a phase of redundancy, owing to its incompetency. As a result, there has been a surging demand to optimize the performance of the network in parallel to enhance the user experience, especially in dense regions such as urban areas. Such demands can be met by the deployment of outer small cell antenna

on the lamp posts, charging piles, power poles, and billboards to maximize the performance of the network. These factors are likely to augur well for the growth of outdoor small cell antenna market over the course of the forecast period.

Proliferated Adoption of Outdoor Small Cell Antenna is Witnessed Among the Regions to Strengthen their Position in 5G Technology

Various countries such as Japan, the U.S., South Korea, and China have been the participants to strengthen their foothold in the 5G technology. There has been a burgeoning demand for revamping their existing architecture by leveraging the outdoor small cell antenna that could enhance the performance of the next-gen technologies in parallel to intensifying the digital experience of the consumers. As a subsequence, adoption rate of outdoor small cell antenna has been on an impressive rise, which further is anticipated to boost outdoor small cell antenna market.

Outdoor Small Cell Antenna Market Segmentation

The outdoor small cell antenna market has been bifurcated into type, application, and regions.

Outdoor Small Cell Antenna Market – Application:

Based on the application, the outdoor small cell antenna market is segmented into:

Residential

Commercial

Field

Outdoor Small Cell Antenna Market – Type:

On the basis of the types, the outdoor small cell antenna can be classified into:

Cross-bar Type

Vertical Rod Type

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About TMR Research:

TMR Research is a premier provider of customized market research and consulting services to business entities keen on succeeding in today’s supercharged economic climate. Armed with an experienced, dedicated, and dynamic team of analysts, we are redefining the way our clients’ conduct business by providing them with authoritative and trusted research studies in tune with the latest methodologies and market trends.

[americanfreighttrucking]

Taoglas First to Offer Industry’s Broadest Range of 600MHz-Ready External Combination Antennas

Taoglas First to Offer Industry’s Broadest Range of 600MHz-Ready External Combination Antennas

Antennas support spectrum utilized by T-Mobile for LTE and 5G, in addition to other frequencies and FirstNet applications

SAN DIEGO–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Taoglas, a leading provider of IoT antenna and RF solutions, today announced it is first to market with the industry’s broadest range of external combination antennas that support all cellular carrier bands. These include the 600MHz spectrumbeing…

[themarketresearchtrends-blog]

Automobile Antenna Market Outlook, Volume & Share By Revenue|2018

Global automobile antenna market is segmented on the basis of product, application, type and geography. Antennas are necessary components of any wireless communications device or system. An antenna is a device designed to send or receive radio waves. The antenna takes a guided wave, usually bound to a transmission line of some type such as a coaxial line, waveguide or microstrip transmission line and allows that same energy to propagate through free space.Antennas are passive devices, such that they do not require an external power source. They are linear by nature implying that their function is preserved regardless of the applied power level and reciprocal which means that they behave in an equivalent manner in either transmit or receive modes. Electrically conductive materials are used to create antennas. Several types of antennas are made from metals although they can be constructed from dielectric materials.

One of the most dynamic factors for the growth of automobile antenna market is the wireless connectivity integrated in the passenger vehicles around world. It is a reliable technology to offer connectivity for the cars. Such adoption of innovative technologies for the passenger cars is expected to drive automobile antenna industry in the coming years.Other features provided by cellular connectivity such as safety application, entertainment features, remote diagnostic solutions and ECU (Electronic Control Unit) software management have led the automotive antenna module market to grab opportunities for accounting remarkable market share globally.

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With the rise in concern for driver’s safety, governments from all over the world are adopting safety features to reduce fatality. Therefore, the initiatives enabled by European government in upcoming years is anticipated to drive the automobile antenna market which increases the deployment of wireless connectivity and other related automobile features as a mandate service for critical accident cases.Manufacturers at present are deploying network technologies (4G LTE-A, 4G LTE, 3G, 5G) for connectivity amenities in vehicles which radiates horizontally. Whereas, automobile antenna emits polarized radiation in circular direction, thus it appears to be a major challenge for manufacturers to overcome such problems that may obstruct the growth of automobile antenna industry.

Browse Full Research Report @ https://www.millioninsights.com/industry-reports/automobile-antenna-market

On the basis of product, the automobile antenna market is segmented into internal antennas, external antennas and satellite antennas. On the basis of application, the automobile antenna industry is segmented into automotive TV antenna, automotive GPS antenna, and automotive radio antenna, automotive anti-static antenna, and automotive GSM antenna, passenger vehicle, commercial vehicle and so on.On the basis of type, the automobile antenna industry is segmented into fin type antennas, screen type, rod type, film type, integrated type and so on. On the basis of geography, the automobile antenna market is segmented into Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific, North America, Europe and Latin America.

The North American market is expected to account for major share in automobile antenna over the forecast period. It is chiefly attributed due to the amplified adoption of luxury and premium cars by baby boomers in this region.With the launch of electric vehicles in the luxury car segment is also anticipated to accelerate the demand for automobile antenna market during the forecast period.The global key players in the automobile antenna market are Kathrein Automotive, Harada, Hirsch-mann Car Communication GmbH, Laird Technologies Inc., Yokowa Co., Ace Technology Corp., Amphenol, Fiamm, Inzi, Shien, Suzhong, Shenglu, Daji, Tuko, Riof, Szbtc, Likexin, Tianye, Zhongfa, Yabang, and Tianli.

[workrockin]

What is WiFi calling technology, and how does it work in sync with the cellular provider?

Thanks for asking this question. Wifi calling is an instance of what are known as generic access networks (GAN) [1]. GANs allow you to access the networks of cellular providers through an external IP network. 

It is important to keep in mind however that Wifi Calling in traditional sense is still a cellular call. By that I mean you are calling a number. Authentication, call connection , call routing all works as it would if you called directly.  

“How does it work in sync with the cellular provider?” 

For that we need to look into something called the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). 

[I’ll limit this discussion to 4G networks but note that GAN also works for 2G networks just that the handoff method is a bit different requiring a GANC (C here stands for controller referring to a specific hardware device that transforms and forwards the data traffic from WiFi to cellular network processor)]

IMS is a system for delivering communication services over an IP network. Before 3G services were delivered using a circuit switched network. IMS performs routing,authentication ,authorization and accounting over internet protocol. Several protocols are available for performing individual tasks but they all work over IP. All these tasks are performed on the server level (or the base station level in telephony terms) provided by the network operator. 

Now it's common knowledge that cell phones work wirelessly. These wireless signals form the “Physical Layer” of the communication network stack. 4G onwards all cellular communication is IP based [2]. 

What is other wireless communication technology that works on IP? 

Wifi!! So since wifi understands IP pretty well. Since wifi is widely deployed. And since nearly all smart devices support wifi it is an easy choice for infrastructure providers to use wifi calling to not only offload the strain on their core network but also to enable their services where towers don’t yet exist. 

Now 4G is an all IP network and wifi understands IP pretty well, all that is needed to be done is to forward the wifi packets to the 4G network provider over the wifi connection. This is handled by the operating system of the handset when you enable the wifi calling feature. 

For example check out this line on android open source repository

https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/master/telephony/java/android/telephony/ims/ImsMmTelManager.java#69

How does it work on the hardware level? 

The easy answer is it will work in the same way as you receiving a call on your phone while watching youtube connected to your wifi router. At that point in time you are using both wifi and cellular network services. 

For wireless communication to work you need radios and antennas. Now if you have been following the developments in mobile chip technology you must have noted that a single modem encapsulates 3g,4g,5g,wifi and bluetooth in a package. 

Such a package contains both radios as well as antennas for various technologies to work simultaneously. The antennas and radios for wifi are separate from the antennas and radios for 4G even though all the components are on a single chip. They are all distinct subsystems. 

You can have your wifi,bluetooth and 4G on all at the same time and use all these services at once. 

As described above the handoff or the sync will have to be handled by the OS (android or IOS depending on your smartphone). It will determine when to handoff and to what network to handoff to.  

The handoff can only work when both cellular and wifi radios are “on”. Which can lead to more load on the battery. 

Wifi calling is not without its faults however. The way current wifi systems are deployed range can often be an issue. On the other hand , at least as a personal observation, most people seem to prefer an asynchronous mode of communication. 

Email me I’ll reply when I have the time. 

What’s app me I’ll reply when I check your message

Voice message me and I’ll get back to you. 

Direct telephone calls, unless they are from someone close to you or pre scheduled are seen as intrusive. 

Now this makes wifi based offloading a very attractive option especially considering the pricing of wireless equipment (remote radio heads for example). Even if a user does not use wifi calling feature natively, they can converse on several other apps. Their is messenger, email, what app, twitter, skype in fact we are at a stage where its hard to keep a track of all the ways in which we can communicate! 

When GAN was proposed in 2005 there were not as many alternatives. Android was not popular. Smartphones were in their infancy. At that time it was a brilliant idea. But today not so much. 

That is not to say that the idea has no merits. It does. Especially when you consider that nearly all telecom companies are pushing for wifi deployments.  Wifi calling may or may not be successful. But it definitely will reduce the operational cost of service providers by reducing the load on their towers.   

I’m of the opinion that in the near future we are going to see more and more open systems like wifi taking over the functions that were previously provided by core cellular deployments. The cellular networks are IP based but they don’t offer significant advantages over the default networking open source stack [3] on linux which has already proven its networking capabilities in data centers. Communication technology is going to be more open. That’s what I feel at least. And wifi calling is a step towards that direction.  

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_Access_Network

[2] 4G is all IP https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/4g2.htm

[3] It is relevant here to point out that VOLTE is basically SIP.  Here are a few references that explain how Voice over LTE works 

https://www.quora.com/Is-SIP-required-in-Voice-over-LTE

https://www.netmanias.com/en/post/blog/10907/lte-volte/part-3-what-happens-when-a-user-performs-a-voice-call-from-an-lte-4g-network-volte (Jump to Section 3.2)

https://www.quora.com/How-do-4G-and-2G-users-call-each-other

http://www.eventhelix.com/lte/volte/volte-originating-call.pdf

It is quite interesting to note that android natively supports SIP 

https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/sip

Also freeswitch an opensource linux application can basically be used to replicate the same features over unlicensed bands. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeSWITCH