#Lakambini of the Katipunan

[kalakian]

Mula Giliw, Nang Pumanaw Ka

a poem by Gregoria de Jesus written after the event by his widow, Gregoria de Jesus. It's a heartfelt lament, and a telling testimony of the depth of their love and their relationship. 

Magmula, giliw, nang ikaw ay pumanaw, Katawan at puso ko'y walang paglagyan; Lakad ng dugo sa ugat ay madalang, Lalo't magunita ang iyong palayaw.

Lubhang malabis ang aking pagdaramdam Sa biglang paggayak mo't ako'y panawan, Alaala ko sa 'yong pagdaraanan, At gayundin naman sa iyong katawan.

Na baka sakaling ikaw ay kapusin, Lumipas sa iyo oras ng pagkain; Sakit na mabigat baka ka sumpungin Na lagi mo na lamang sa aki'y daing.

Saan patutungo yaring kalagayan, Dalamhating lubos liit ng katawan, Magsaya't kumain hindi mapalagay, Maupo't tumindig, alaala'y ikaw.

Kalakip ang wikang "magtiis, katawan, Di pa nalulubos sa iyo ang layaw, Bagong lalaganap ang kaginhawaan Ay biglang nag-isip na ikaw ay iwan."

At kung gumabi na, banig ay ihiga, Matang nag-aantok pipikit na bigla, Sa pagkahimbing panaginip ka, sinta Sabay balong nang di mapigil na luha.

Sa pagkaumaga, marahang titindig, Tutop ng kamay yaring pusong masakit, Tuloy na dungawan, kasabay ang silip, Sa paroonan mong hirap ay mahigpit.

Matapos sumilip, pagdaka'y lalabas, Sa dulang kakanan at agad haharap; Ang iyong luklukan kung aking mamalas, Dibdib ko'y puputok, paghinga'y banayad.

Sama ng loob ko'y sa aking mag-isa, Di maipahayag sa mga kasama; Puso ko ay lubos na pinagdurusa, Tamis na bilin mo'y "magtiis ka, sinta."

Sa akin ay mahigpit mong tagubilin, Saya'y hanapin at ang puso'y aliwin; Naganap sumandali'y biglang titigil, Alaala ka kung ano ang narating.

Mukha'y itutungo, luha'y papatak, Katawan pipihit, lakad ay banayad; Pagpasok sa silid, marahang gagayak Barong gagamitin sa aking paglakad.

Lilimutin mo yaring kahabag-habag, Puhunang buhay, tatawirin ang dagat; Pag-alis ay sakit, paroon sa hirap, Masayang palad mo sa huli ang sikat.

Ako ay lalakad, usok ang katulad; Pagtaas ng puti, agiw ang kapalad; Ang bilin ko lamang, tandaan mo, liyag, Kalihiman natin, huwag ihahayag.

Tangi ka sa puso, giliw, ikaw lamang, Paalam sa iyo, masarap magmahal, May-ari ng puso't kabyak ng katawan, Paalam, giliw ko, sa iyo'y paalam.

Masayang sa iyo'y aking isasangla Ang sutlang pamahid sa mata ng luha, Kung kapusing palad, buhay ma'y mawala, Bangkay man ako'y haharap sa 'yong kusa.

When De Jesus was 22 years old, she and Bonifacio were captured by Aguinaldo’s men. Bonifacio was shot but was only grazed in the arm, but he was nonetheless tied up.

“Bonifacio in his testimony told the court that Col. Yntong was forcing his wife into an empty house ‘sa talagang kilos na ilugso ang kapurihan’ but this was averted when the other officers objected.

Later in Indang, Col. Yntong attempted to rape Aling Oryang again but this time, Bonifacio pleaded with Tomas Mascardo who mercifully intervened... It was possible that one of the motives for raping Aling Oryang was that it would further humiliate Bonifacio.”

Colonel Yntong is Agapito Bonzon, a loyalist of Aguinaldo.

“Then of course, the catalog of rape in the Philippines will not be complete without mention of Gregoria de Jesus, wife of Katipunan Supremo Andres Bonifacio, who was raped by Col. Agapito Bonzon. The colonel was neither investigated nor punished by Emilio Aguinaldo for this crime.”

***

Ang larawan ay kuha sa Esquire

Ang tula ay kuha sa Asian Center, University of the Philippines

Rape no laughing matter under any context ni Ambeth Ocampo sa Inquirer

Ocampo, A. (2014). Bones of Contention: The Bonifacio Lectures. Quezon City: Anvil Publishing Inc.

[kalatipunan]

Sa ilalim ng pulang bandila, tayong dalawa'y nanumpa...

[abieldeguzman]

Performance Task in Filipino, AP, ESP

Isinulat ni: Abiel Nolan L. De Guzman / Grade 6 - Rizal

Noong panahon ng rebolusyon laban sa mga Kastila, hindi lamang ang mga kalalakihang katipunero ang tumulong at nakipaglaban upang makamtan ng Pilipinas ang kalayaan. Lingid sa kaalaman ng lahat ay mayroon ding mga kababaihang Pilipino ang nag-abot ng kanilang pagtulong at nagpamalas ng kanilang pagmamahal sa bayan noong panahon ng himagsikan.

Ang isa sa mga kababaihang ito ay si Gregoria de Jesus, na anak ng ulirang mag-asawa na sina Nicolas de Jesus at Baltazar Alvarez, at kabiyak ng Supremo ng Katipunan na si Andres Bonifacio. Si Gregoria de Jesus ay kinilala bilang "Lakambini ng Katipunan" at karaniwang tinatawag na "Inang Oriang" ng mga manghihimagsik. Mahalaga ang kanyang naging tungkulin sa Katipunan nang ipinagkatiwala sa kanya ang mga mahahalagang kasulatan, kalakip ang mga selyo, mga kagamitan at revolver. Bukod pa rito, siya rin ang namamahala sa pagpapakain at paggagamot sa mga sugatan na katipunero.

Si Josefa Rizal naman ang pang-siyam na kapatid ng ating pambansang bayani na si Jose Rizal. Katulad ni Gregoria de Jesus, naging kasapi rin si Josefa, o mas kilala sa tawag na "Panggoy", ng isang lupon ng mga kababaihan. Siya ang nagsilbing pangulo nito at naging taga-ingat ng mga dokumento ng lihim na samahan. Pinoprotektahan ng kanilang samahan ang mga katipunero sa pamamagitan ng pagkanta at pagsayaw upang makuha ang atensyon ng mga guwardiya sibil.

Isa sa naging mukha ng mga kababaihan noong rebolusyon ay si Melchora Aquino. Naging tanyag ito sa ngalan na "Tandang Sora" at tinaguriang "Ina ng Balintawak". Binuksan niya ang kanyang tahanan upang magsilbing pagamutan ng mga sugatang katipunero na nakipagdigmaan sa mga Kastila. Pinairal ni Melchora Aquino pagiging matulungin noong panahong iyon, kahit na ang kapalit nito ay ang kanyang pagkadakip at pagkatapon sa Isla ng Marianas.

Si Marina Dizon Santiago, isang katipunera sa isip at sa gawa, ay siyang naging kalihim ng Katipunan. Isa siya sa mga kauna-unahang katipunerang babae sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas at lubos na naunawaan ang mga layunin ng lihim na samahan. Nanguna si Marina Dizon Santiago sa pamamahala sa mga proyektong pinansyal na tumutustos sa mga gawain ng Katipunan. Siya rin ang nagtuturo ng konstitusyon nito sa mga katulad niyang kababaihan na lumahok sa samahan.

Naging parte rin ng himagsikan si Trinidad Perez Tecson na kinilala bilang "Ina ng Biak na Bato". Tila ba natatangi ang ipinamalas na kakayahan ni Trinidad Tecson dahil isa siya sa iilang mga kababaihan na humawak ng armas at nakipaglaban kasama ang mga kalalakihan. Marami ang humanga sa kanya dahil sa kanyang paghawak ng sandata. Bukod pa rito, siya rin ay binansagan na "Ina ng Red Cross" para sa kanyang paglilingkod sa mga katipunero.

Hindi maipagkakaila ang diskriminasyon sa mga kakabaihan noong panahon ng Kastila kung saan nililimitahan ang kanilang responsibilidad sa loob lamang ng tahanan. Ngunit sa kabila ng kanilang mga tungkulin bilang maybahay, anak, kapatid at ina, nanaig pa rin ang kanilang mithiin na tumulong sa mga katipunero laban sa mga Kastila kahit sa maliit lamang nilang pamamaraan. Ang kanilang pagmamalasakit sa kapwa at pagmamahal sa bayan ay tunay na walang kapantay.

[theheartofateacher]

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

♣️The first book written in the Philippines was DOCTRINA CRISTIANA.

♣️The Father of Ilocano Literature is PEDRO BUKANEG.

♣️The Father of Tagalog Poetry is FRANCISCO BALTAZAR.

♣️Lola Basyang is the pen name of SEVERINO REYES.

♣️The first and longest running komiks series in the Philippines is KENKOY(Liwayway Magasin,1929)

♣️The Father of Pampango Literature who wrote There is no God is JUAN CRISOSTOMO SOTO.

♣️The oldest existing newspaper in the Philippines since the 1900 is MANILA BULLETIN.

♣️The Father of Modern Tagalog Poetry is ALEJANDRO ABADILLA.

♣️The work of Bonifacio which tells the history of the Philippines ANG DAPAT MABATID NG MGA TAGALOG.

♣️He wrote the popular fable The Monkey and the Turtle - JOSE RIZAL

♣️This is known as Andres Bonifacio's Ten Commandments of the Katipunan - THE DECALOGUE.

♣️Rizal's model for Pilosopong Tasyo was PACIANO RIZAL.

♣️The following characters created by rizal reflect his own personality except SIMOUN (El Filibusterismo)

♣️The line 'whoever knows not how to love his native tongue is worse than any beast or even smelly fish' TO MY FELLOW CHILDREN

♣️Rizal's pen name - DIMASALANG, LAONG-LAAN

♣️Taga-ilog is JUAN LUNA's Pen name.

♣️The first filipino alphabet was called ALIBATA/BAYBAYIN

♣️the first filipino alphabet consisted of 15 LETTERS

♣️This is a song about love - TALINDAW, awit ng mga taong hindi naimbetahan sa kainan (COLADO)

♣️He was known for his `Memoria Fotografica` - JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN

♣️He is known as the `poet of the workers or laborers` - AMADO HERNANDEZ

♣️Ilocano balagtasan is called BUKANEGAN

♣️Visayan epic about good manners and right conduct - MARAGTAS

♣️The father of Filipino newspaper is PASCUAL POBLETE

♣️Lupang Tinubuan is considered to be the best story written during Japanese Period. The author is NARCISO REYES

♣️The original title of Ibong Adarna was CORIDO AT BUHAY NA PINAGDAANAN NG TATLONH PRINSIPENG ANAC NG HARING FERNANDO AT REYNA VALERIANA SA CAHARIANG BERBANIA

♣️PANDEREGLA - first filipino bread

♣️The Great Plebian: Andres Bonifacio

♣️The Father of the Katipunan: Andres Bonifacio

♣️Hero of the Tirad Pass Battle: Gregorio Del Pilar

♣️President of the First Philippine Republic: General Emilio Aguinaldo

♣️Brains of the Philippine Revolution: Apolinario Mabini

♣️Martyred Priests in 1872: GOMBURZA

♣️Brains of the Katipunan: Emilio Jacinto

♣️Co-founder of La Independencia: General Antonio Luna

♣️Mother of Balintawak: Melchora Aquino

♣️Greatest Filipino Orator of the Propaganda Movement: Graciano Lopez- Jaena

♣️First Filipino Cannon-maker: Pandar Pira

♣️Managing Editor of La Solidaridad: Mariano Ponce

♣️Lakambini of Katipunan: Gregoria de Jesus

♣️Poet of the Revolution: Fernando Ma. Guerrero

♣️Outstanding Diplomat of the First Philippine Republic: Felipe Agoncill

♣️First University of the Philippines President: Rafael Palma

♣️Greatest Filipino Painter: Juan Luna

Greatest Journalist of the Propaganda

♣️Movement: Marcelo H. del Pilar

♣️First Filipino Poetess: Leona Florentino

♣️Peace of the Revolution: Pedro Paterno

♣️Founder of Philippine Socialism: Isabelo

♣️Delos Reyes Viborra: Artemio Ricarte

♣️Author of the Spanish lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem: Jose Palma

♣️Chief of Tondo: Lakandola

♣️The Last Rajah of Manila: Rajah Soliman

♣️Fiancée of Jose Rizal: Leonor Rivera

♣️Maker of the

First Filipino Flag: Marcela Agoncillo

♣️Co-founder of Katipunan: Galicano Apacible

♣️Leader of the Ilocano Revolt: Diego Silang

♣️First Filipino Hero: Lapu-lapu

♣️Leader of the Longest Revolt in Bohol: Francisco Dagohoy

♣️The Man of Many Talents: Epifanio Delos Santos

♣️Prince of Tagalog Poets: Francisco Baltazar

♣️Visayan Joan of Arc: Teresa Magbanua

♣️Mother of Biak-na-Bato: Trinidad Tecson

♣️Wife of Artemio Ricarte: Agueda

♣️EstebanLeader of the Tarlac Revolt: Gen. Francisco Makabulos

♣️Composer of the Philippine National Anthem: Julian Felipe

♣️Spaniards born in the Philippines: Insulares

♣️Leader of Magdalo: Baldomero Aguinaldo

♣️Leader of Magdiwang: Mariano Alvarez

♣️Founder of La Liga Filipina: Jose Rizal

♣️Painter of the Spolarium: Juan Luna

[ranichi17]

“Katakutan ninyo ang kasaysayan, dahil wala kayong lihim na maitatago sa kanya.”

(Fear history, for it respects no secrets.)

Gregoria de Jesús (May 9, 1875 – March 15, 1943) was the founder and vice–president of the women’s chapter of the Katipunan as the wife of Andrés Bonifacio. Thus, she is also unofficially considered to be the first First Lady of the Philippine Republic.

Gregoria was born in Caloocan to middle–class parents Nicolás de Jesús, who later served as a gobernadorcillo, and Baltazara Álvarez Francisco. At the age of 18, she caught the eye of  Andrés Bonifacio who was then working as a clerk for the German trading firm Fressell and Company. After six months of courtship and despite objections from her parents as Andrés was a Freemason, they were married twice in March 1893, once in a traditional Catholic wedding at the Binondo Church, and again that same night according to the rites of the Katipunan, who did not recognize the Church’s authority as an oppressive colonial force. Gregoria would have one son with Andrés, a namesake of its father, but the child would later die of smallpox.

Gregoria was then inducted into the Katipunan under the code name Lakambini (noblewoman, Muse). The women’s chapter was also formed upon her induction, making her its vice–president. Among the responsibilities of the women’s chapter was to distract the Guardia Civil from the secret late–night meetings by acting as if they were conducting balls and fiestas. They would also be the ones to hide the society’s documents from the authorities during unannounced inspections. When the revolution broke out, Gregoria would smuggle weapons and gunpowder to the revolutionaries, hiding them under the folds of her skirts. She would also learn how to ride a horse and shoot rifles.

On the 19th of August 1896, the Katipunan was exposed to the Spanish authorities by Teodoro Patiño, and Gregoria and her husband had to go into hiding while the authorities arrested, jailed, and executed members of their secret society. As the revolution broke out in full force, internal conflict was also brewing deep within the Magdalo and Magdiwang factions of the Katipunan, and Andrés and Gregoria would soon be caught in the middle of it.

In April 1897, after a failed elections wherein the Magdalo faction, particularly Daniel Tirona, refused to recognize Bonifacio’s election as Director of War, which led to Bonifacio being insulted and walking away, Aguinaldo ordered the arrest of Bonifacio and his brother Procopio, during which both brothers were injured. A trial in a kangaroo court summarily followed, where the brothers were judged to be guilty of sedition despite insufficient evidence. They were executed in the mountains of Maragondon, Cavite sometime on the tenth of May 1897. To this day, no one knows where their final resting place is located, although Gregoria was said to have wandered for days within the mountains to find her husband’s grave.

After the war, Gregoria would remarry to Julio Nakpil, a commander of the northern forces of the Katipunan who took her in after the murder of her first husband. They settled in Quiapo and had one son, the National Artist for Architecture Juan Nakpil.

Gregoria would outlive her second husband as well, and die at the age of 67 on the 15th of March 1943, during the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines.

[sagunita]

--- diyan hc; flordeliz arambulo (npc)

Maria Flordeliz Arambulo (b. 1876), sole daughter of a Spanish General and a Filipino woman who understood the intricate mechanisms of their new society, took after her mother and gracefully teetered on the right side of propriety, if only to protect whatever leverage her surname has provided her. 

Born into Mestizo privilege several years after the Cavite Mutiny of 1872, Flor grew up witnessing the mistreatment of her fellow countrymen and insisted on using her status to the benefit of the revolution. At age sixteen, she joined the Katipunan as an informant, carefully compiling secrets her father lets spill over dinner conversations and passing them on to grateful hands.

By the time she turned twenty, the Katipunan has been exposed, and she started playing a more active role in recruitment and the procurement of resources. Even during the rough patches of the revolution, Flor managed to keep her cover, climbing the ranks of the Katipunan under the pseudonym Lakambini, all the while maintaining her cover as a respectable and marriageable Filipina.

Well-fed on the words and patriotism of Jose Rizal, Flordeliz worked in the shadows of the rebellion through both the Spanish and American colonization--- tugging at strings of war and excelling at it.

During this time, her tenacity, wit, and sharp tongue managed to capture the attention of Diyan Masalanta, who was immediately enraptured by Flordeliz’s mind. The two started a secret affair that tided them through cold and sleepless nights, each constantly gravitating towards the other like a moth would to a dying flame.

The romance was as short-lived as it was intense, because on a trip to meet several soldiers for the Philippine Insurrection, Flordeliz Arambulo disappeared without a single trace left behind.

The event left Diyan devastated, each decision made towards the destruction of their colonizers fueled by anger and grief. Once the dust has settled and the Philippines regained its autonomy, she took it upon herself to look for Flor’s remains.

She never found them, but occasionally, Diyan could swear she would catch glimpses of her sweetheart’s sly grin in the sea of people.

portrayed by Gwen Z.amora

[rainbow-taishi]

Hello there! I just saw your historical figures in anime style post, and I wanted to say 1: great style looks amazing and professional! Would watch an anime you made! And 2: as an ignorant af American, I don't know who literally like any of them are. I've heard of the boy general but I didn't know his name. Could you tell us who they all are?

Thank you very much! I am very humbled that you liked the designs!

sure, I’ll try! here goes...

 Gregoria de Jesus (1875-1943)

She’s Andres Bonifacio’s (The current Supremo and one of the founders of The Katipunan) young second wife, he married her when she 18. They had a son but he died a few months later. She joined the Katipunan ( short for Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Supreme and Honourable Society of the Children of the Nation which has an unfortunate coincidence of having the same three K  abbreviation as that US group), a secret revolutionary society against the Spanish colonial rule, adopting the name Lakambini (Muse). She founded the women’s chapter of the Katipunan and was in charge of keeping the society’s documents safe away from Spanish enforcement. When Katipunan was exposed, Bonifacio was killed, leaving her behind. Years later, she eventually married Julio Nakpil, a fellow Katipunero, and had 6 children with him. She died during the time of WW2.

Emilio Jacinto (1875-1899)

The ‘Brains of the Katipunan’. In his teens, he was the youngest member to have joined the society, eventually becoming an advisor and secretary to Bonifacio (he used to have long hair too because he had no money for a haircut It would be cool to see another long-haired revolutionary though like Macario Sakay).  He’s known with the alias Pingkian in the Katipunan while Dimas-ilaw when he writes for the society’s publication, Kalayaan (Freedom). He’s the author of the Kartilya ng Katipunan, the guidebook of rules and principles for new Katipuneros (Bonifacio made one himself but he felt his bro Emilio’s version was better, so they used it instead). Jacinto (Secretary General) with Bonifacio (President) and Valenzuela (Fiscal General) were known as the Triumvirate of Katipunan as well as the ones who passed judgement on those Katipuneros who violate the rules. He was ordered by Bonifacio to lead the forces in Laguna as general. After Bonifacio’s execution, he refused to join Emilio Aguinaldo’s group, leader of Katipunan’s Magdalo faction. He died at age 23, after contracting malaria, leaving a pregnant wife behind.

Apolinario Mabini (1864-1904)

He’s known as the Brains of the Revolution (a title him sometimes share with Jacinto). He was stuck with polio, eventually losing the use of his legs, before the beginning phase of the revolution. He was a member of La Liga Filipina, an organization founded by the national hero, Jose Rizal. When Jose Rizal was captured by the Spanish authorities and eventually executed, La Liga fell apart and was split into two main groups: Cuerpos de Compromisarios (conservatives) and Katipunan (revolutionary). He initially joined Compromisarios but eventually decided to support the revolution (though not a member of the Katipunan) by publishing works encouraging citizens to join forces against spanish rule. He was arrested by the spanish during the rise of Katipunan revolts but eventually released him because of his illness. He was ill during the time he became Emilio Aguinaldo’s chief advisor, a role which extended to Aguinaldo’s new government during the time of american presence in the country until he resigned in 1899. He was captured by the American forces and exiled to Guam. He agreed to swear allegiance to the US in exchange for him to return to the Philippines, where he died from cholera at age 38 few months later.

Gregorio del Pilar  (1875-1899)

One of the youngest generals in the Philippine Revolution and Philippine- American War, earning the nickname Boy General. He also joined the Katipunan at a young age where he also met Emilio Aguinaldo, who was amazed by his skill in military warfare against the spanish. He eventually rose to the rank of a general. He was also known to have lots of fangirls (lol/ you could say he was bishounen standards at that time). He was very loyal to Aguinaldo to the point he was believed to be his personal assassin (though it’s unclear if he really is or not). He was most known for his last stand in the Tirad Pass, a battle between  60 Filipino rear guards vs 300 american soldiers. The objective was to buy enough time for the then President Emilio Aguinaldo to escape US pursuit, which worked, at the cost of Gregorio del Pilar (which was shot at the back of his head while on a white horse) and 51 of his men’s lives. After the battle, the winning american soldiers took all of his military decorations and other belongings as souvenirs and left him there along with the other dead, exposed to the elements. Few days later, an american lieutenant gave him a proper burial and inscribed his tomb with ‘An officer and A Gentleman’.

Andres Bonifacio (1863-1897)

The Father of the Revolution.  When La Liga Filipina was on the verge of its downfall, Andres Bonifacio, along with some fellow La Liga members, founded the Katipunan and eventually became its third Supremo. Within the society, he had the alias Maypagasa (’there is hope’). He was mostly self-educated, he also read the works of Jose Rizal, lives of US presidents, the history of the french revolution, french novels etc. Within his time in Katipunan, he was bros with the younger Emilio Jacinto, who served advisor and he shared secrets with him. He also once crossdressed to escape the spanish. He started the revolution during the Cry of Pugad Lawin where he and other katipuneros teared their cedulas (identity documents) in defiance of spanish rule. The katipunan faction he belonged in (Magdiwang) and Emilio Aguinaldo’s katipunan faction (Magdalo) had rivalry and clashes. They had a presidential election(the first one in history) for the new revolutionary government in which Aguinaldo won. Bonifacio considers the votes invalid and  resolved to make a goverment separate from Aguinaldo’s. Aguinaldo eventually got Bonifacio (who was wounded from a previous event) arrested and tried with his brother, Procopio, for charges of treason against Aguinaldo’s government and plans of his murder. They had an unfair trial were they were found guilty despite few evidences, which eventually led to their death by execution (it was initially exile, but Aguinaldo’s associates persuaded him to change it). The brothers were hacked (or shot, depending on sources) to death in Cavite. The current location of his remains is unknown. He never saw the end of Spanish rule.

Emilio Aguinaldo (1869-1964)

Officially recognized as the first and youngest president of the Philippines (though also a lot consider Bonifacio as this instead). He joined the Katipunan and became the leader of the Magdalo faction(mostly composed of Ilustrados from Cavite), one of the two main rival factions within the katipunan. He won in the Tejeros convention which intends to unite factions into one government. He ordered Bonifacio’s execution. He lived to the age of 94, .

[kurit-manok]

"IKAW ANG AKING BAYAN” 

Gregoria: Ano ang iyong ngalan, señor? Andres: (ngingiti sabay hahagkan ang kamay.) Maypagasa, mi corazón. HISTORICAL NOTE: Gregoria de Jesus, aka Oryang is the second wife of Andres Bonifacio (the first being Monica of Palomar). She was 19 and Andres was 29 when they get married. First in civil wedding, and followed by a wedding infront of the Katipunan. She was a member of Katipunan under the name of “Lakambini” (muse), while Bonifacio was named under “Maypagasa”. 

*hango ang quote sa taas sa historical poem ni Eljay Castro Deldoc na 'Liham ni Andes Bonifacio kay Gregoria de Jesus'

These two need more happy pictures together. Andres and Oryang forever!

[pagdalumat]

Tales from ‘Under the Saya’

“The heart of the matter, my fellow Katipuneras, is that although there is an ongoing revolution on ground that we have to win, we also need to acknowledge the fact that we have to wage a war against our internal contradictions—a war wherein our comrades, our enemies, and even the battlefield itself, are ourselves.”

                     Gregoria De Jesus, “To My Fellow Widowed Revolutionaries”                                                          

        Way before the first night she hid pistols and bolos underneath her saya, Gregoria De Jesus knew all too well that the further they are in the revolutionary path, the more certain death becomes for her and her husband. But when she received the news that the Supremo, together with his brother, will be executed by the Magdiwang-led government, Oryang wrote in her diary that “the news [of death], no matter how unexpected or accepted, will always find a way to catch you off guard.”

           For the Lakambini, revolutionaries should view birthday celebrations as nothing but a mere exercise of decadent mestizo culture because it pits one’s time for oneself with one’s time for the collective armed struggle. However, Oryang still writes that it depresses her to think that her birthday coincides with the day she had to haggle with the Magdalo officials to know her husband’s whereabouts.

           When she went to Aguinaldo’s house, the then President of the “re-established” Katipunan told her that he had first granted Andres and Procopio a pardon but he later ordered banishment instead of the military court’s decision to execute them. Contrary to this statement, Lazaro Macapagal, “the one who took [Andres Bonifacio] away and killed him”, insisted that he was ordered by the President to take the two brothers to the mountains “despite the harsh weather”, and continue with the execution. In a letter written to Emilio Jacinto, Oryang narrates the harrowing experiences that she and Procopio’s then pregnant wife, Fortuna Talampas, had to undergo in order to find their respective husbands.

           Both of them had in mind already that there is no chance that they would find their husbands breathing. Even before they took their first step, this has been their mindset. Oryang writes that it’s as if they have already labelled themselves ‘widows’ even if they haven’t seen the cold corpses of their respective husbands. But at night, before they take their 4-hour sleep, Oryang states that Fortuna would almost always open the possibility, that “maybe, just maybe, Andres and Procopio [were] still alive.”

          It is an absurd idea, Oryang admits, but it’s a glint of hope that they could hold onto whilst traversing that obscure trail of despair. So every time they feel their knees giving up to excruciating pain, the two would repeatedly recite their mantra: “they’re waiting for us, they’re waiting, they’re waiting for us…” And just like that, they would stand up again and continue to scour the muddy terrains of Mt. Buntis.

          For almost a month, they would endure the rain and the cold sensation of their clothes that were in the state that “they would hardly burn”. There was one time when Fortuna obtained a small bag of rice, “through an act of charity,” from a merchant they met on their way. It was the most decent meal that they had. For the majority of the journey, all that they would have from breakfast to dinner were unripe bananas that they picked on their way.

         In her diary, Oryang would recall the afternoon she and Fortuna went back to their hidden headquarters in Morong. She couldn’t speak a single word because her throat “has been swollen for screaming and crying and coughing relentlessly” throughout their journey, so she let Fortuna tell their comrades the sad yet expected news.

        But instead of just sharing their excruciating journey and delivering the news that they did not find their husbands’ corpses, Fortuna stood on a bamboo table and called everyone’s attention. She requested all the Katipuneras—“the widowed, the waiting, and those who are still holding on”— to step forward and to listen closely to what she’d say.

        “There’s a time for healing wounds,” she started. “There’s a time for grieving, and there’s a time that we have to go back to our entrensuelos and start dancing while our husbands plan for our country’s future in the backroom.”

          In her diary, Oryang notes that she has yet to hear a more silent and more focused Katipunan meeting than that one. On the one hand, the silence may be brought about by the news that their Supremo has already passed away. But on the other, Oryang writes that it’s because everyone saw in Fortuna’s eyes that rebellions are, indeed, built on hope.

          Fortuna continues: “Our red banner will not advance, my fellow Katipuneras, if we become complacent in just treating our comrades’ wounds, grieving for our husband’s death, and continuing to dance in our entrensuelos while our men die in the field. Yes, it is the Lord’s truth that we’re given wombs to bear future Katipuneros but we should never ever forget that we’re also given limbs, and that we can also pull out and bear these pistols and bolos hidden under our sayas.”

          At this point, Fortuna grabbed the bolo on top of the table and raised it up in the air. And in the same manner as Bonifacio’s and all the other martyred comrades, she inhaled deeply and then screamed at the top of her lungs the battlecry of a true member of the Katipunan:  “Hanggang kalayaan! Hanggang kamatayan!”

         In that moment, Oryang was reminded that they have only been away for a month but the Revolution did not falter for a second.

[annvassadress]

Leon Gallery Announces the Spectacular Mid-Year Auction 2018!

Leon Gallery has set the date for its much-awaited, scintillating Spectacular Mid-Year Auction 2018 on Saturday, June 9, 2018 at its Eurovilla I showrooms on the corner of Rufino Street and Legaspi Street, Legaspi Village in Makati. Headlining the must-have masterpieces are an exquisite Lorenzo Guerrero of life along the Pasig River. 

Guerrero, who became most famous as the mentor of the brilliant and internationally-celebrated Juan Luna, was also a wonderful painter in his own right. He was educated by the foremost Spanish instructors at the Manila academia : Manuel de la Cortina, who was himself a graduate of the Madrid art academy and his successor Nicolas Valdez. Guerrero, in fact, was to become the teacher of Manila’s finest artists, from Simon de la Rosa Flores and his nephew Fabian de la Rosa, Felix Martinez and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo, Telesforo Sucgang, Felix Pardo de Tavera, and Jorge Pineda to name a few stellar painters who passed through the portals of the legendary art school.

 A 1917 work by one of Guerrero’s star pupils, Fabian de la Rosa, of a charming pair of ponies in a stableyard, provides an interesting behind-the-scenes look of a Manila home, at a time when horses were more common than automobiles. Fernando Amorsolo — who happened to be Fabian de la Rosa’s nephew — is also in the spotlight with several riveting and early works : A post-war procession outside the ruins of the Antipolo church; works from the Thirties, Forties and Fifties, from an orange-streaked sunset scene by the water to glorious country scenes “Under the Mango Tree”  and by a waterfall. The works are all the collections of several distinguished Manila families. 

A rare urban scene of the massive Ynchausti Rope Factory is a unique view of Manila in the 1920s. Scintillating Jose Joyas, one ante-dating his historic participation in the Venice Biennale (the Philippines’ first in that august art fair); others from his halcyon years in the 1970s. Other mid-century moderns include Vicente Manansala with a superb work dated 1949 that speaks allegorical almost in a style more typical of Carlos “Botong” Francisco : a trio of women pound rice, in a variety of Filipino costumes, while men pile grain in tall mountains. In the background, a sunlit landscape which suggests the Benguet rice terraces and in the foreground, a large carabao. Another work, datelined Paris, portrays a grieving mother at a child’s bier. Arturo Luz, Ang Kiukok, and Romeo Tabuena are likewise represented, as are Juvenal Sanso, Oscar Zalameda, Lao Lianben, Malang, and Federico Aguilar Alcuaz. A finely-proportioned ‘comoda’ with original marquetry in a floral design, an imposing Sheraton sideboard, and a ‘Mariposa’ butterfly sofa are just some of the impressive furniture to be included in the June sale. 

 Among the collectible memorabilia, the country’s most iconic heroes are represented. There is a bread-and-butter note (dated 1891) from the Philippine National Hero Jose Rizal to the Scottish millionaire Don Alejandro S. Macleod who had thrived in Manila. Letters from various historical personalities to Teodora Alonso are also available in a single lot, including a Rizal family recipe, and more piquantly, the court documents of the suit brought against Rizal’s mother and her brother. Her unjust persecution greatly influenced Rizal’s nationalism. Most explosive is the narration of Gregoria de Jesus of the last days of Andres Bonifacio as well as a dagger bearing the markings of the Katipunan. 

This document, while having been featured in works on the Philippine Revolution has never been revealed in full previously and is certainly one of a kind. A rare autographed photograph of the Lakambini of the KKK (dedicated to the journalist Jose P. Santos) and a letter to Emilio Jacinto complete the historical offerings that will fascinate the collector and every patriot. Apropos, a BenCab of Rizal’s last days in Fort Santiago — and featuring excerpts of his “Ultimo Adios” is also a highlight, alongside an appealing work from his “Larawan” series, inspired by turn-of-the-century Philippine photographs. From the contemporary artists, exciting works by Ronald Ventura, Marcel Antonio, Jon Jaylo, Danilo Dalena, Emmanuel Garibay, Edwin Wilwayco, Manuel Ocampo (with a grim Christmas work) and Jose John Santos III are also featured. 

The Santos work echoes the themes in the rest of the auction of women of the Philippine Revolution : The painting juxtaposes ladies in traditional Filipino wear with Cretan friezes, a view of a bahay na bato through an archway, and a fragment of an antique door.

[kalatipunan]

Dalit ni Oriang

A Soundtrack of GMA's Katipunan performed by Ms. Glaiza De Castro, the song shows us the Heartaches and Pain of the Lakambini.

Sa akin ay tagubilin

Puso ko ay aliwin

Ngunit paanong gagawin?

Paligid ko ay madilim

Giliw ako'y nalulumbay

Luha ay walang humpay

Matiyagang naghihintay

Ngunit hindi mapalagay

Nagtiis ako sinta

Kahit na nagdurusa

At ngayo'y nag-iisa,

Buhay mo'y kinuha nila

Paalam sa'yo, aking mahal

Yakap-Yakap ko ang ating sumpaan

Makapiling mang muli sa kabilang buhay

At dito pa rin sa Bayang Mahal

Puso ay tumatangis

Na puno ng hinagpis

Yakap at iyong halik,

Sa aki'y ipinagkait

Payapa man o may laban

Basta't para sa Bayan

Hinding hindi ka iiwan

Puso man ay sugatan

Nagtiis ako sinta

Kahit na nagdurusa

At ngayo'y nag-iisa,

Buhay mo'y kinuha nila

Paalam sa'yo, aking mahal

Yakap-Yakap ko ang ating sumpaan

Makapiling mang muli sa kabilang buhay

At dito pa rin sa Bayang Mahal

Paalam sayo...

Aking Mahal.

[yourflowerpatch]

Bonifacio Day

Bonifacio day is a holiday dated November 30, 2017 Thursday. It was declared by our sitting president, Rodrigo roa Duterte with proclamation no 50. This is the declaration of all holidays and non working days for the year 2017.  Bonifacio Day became a holiday when the Philippine Legislature passed Act No. 2946, declaring November 30 of every year as a national holiday for the commemoration of the birth of Gat Andrés Bonifacio who started the Philippine revolution in 1896 to overthrow the Spanish colonial government on the islands. The holiday was first instituted with a decree and signed by American Governor-General to the Philippines Francis Burton Harrison in 1921.

Why is Bonifacio a Hero?

Andrew Bonifacio is the Father of the Katipunan. He is also known as the Father of the Revolution and Philippine Democracy. He is The “Supremo” or “Ang Supremo” and The Great Plebeian. Plebeian means a member of the lower social classes or of belonging to the commoners of ancient Rome in the earlier times.

On the 10th of May 1897, Procopio and Andres were shot at Mount Nagpatong, near Mount Buntis in Maragondon, Cavite. Procopio was a Philippine independence activist and revolutionary during the Philippine Revolution of 1896 against Spain. Let’s add a little information about Procopio who was with his brother until the end. He was a member of the secret revolutionary society turned revolutionary government Katipunan with his other siblings Circa and Espiridiona. His eldest brother Andrés Bonifacio was one of the founders and, eventually, president of the Katipunan. This tragic event was the obvious end to the short life of the Supremo.  His educational attainment and military expertise may not have been equal to that of other heroes but his dedication to the country was without question, pure.  Andrew Bonifacio will always be idolized and will forever serve as the battle cry of Filipinos who seek freedom from oppression and an inspiration to fight injustice.

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How is Bonifacio Day Celebrated?

Bonifacio Day is a national Holiday. This national holiday means anyone who does work on this day, Bonifacio Day, is still entitled to pay. Keyword here is entitled so not everyone will get holiday pay.

Schools and most businesses will be closed for the day, but shops, restaurants and malls remain open. Some people may take the time to mark Bonifacio's legacy by visiting monuments dedicated to Bonifacio.

Well in addition most activists perform demonstrations in the vicinity of the Bonifacio monument or in Monumento Caloocan which is a very popular location in manila Philippines.

This day became a holiday in 1921 when the Philippine Legislature passed Act No. 2946.

For information about holiday pay please see http://bwc.dole.gov.ph/images/Handbook/2016_revised_Handbook_asof_10182016.pdf

ANDRES BONIFACIO AND THE KATIPUNAN

Andres Bonifacio was born on November 30, 1863 in a small hut at Calle Azcarraga, presently known as Claro M. Recto Avenue in Tondo, Manila.  His parents were Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro. Andres was the eldest in a brood of five.  His other siblings were Ciriaco, Procopio, Troadio, Esperidiona and Maxima.  He obtained his basic education through a certain Guillermo Osmeña of Cebu.  The Bonifacio family was orphaned when Andres was barely fourteen.  With this, Andres assumed the responsibility of raising his younger siblings. In order to support the needs of their family, he maximized his skills in making crafts and sold paper fans and canes.  He also worked as messenger in Fleming & Company.  Eventually, he moved to Fressel & Company, where he worked as warehouse man until 1896.  Poverty never hindered Andres’ thirst for knowledge.  He devoted most of his time reading books while trying to improve his knowledge in the Spanish and Tagalog language.  The warehouse of Fressel & Company served as his library and study room.

Andres was married to Gregoria de Jesus who happened to be his second wife.  His first wife – Monica- died of leprosy a year after their marriage.  Gregoria was only sixteen years old and Andres was twenty-nine when their romance sprung.  At first, Gregoria’s parents were against their relationship, but in time, allowed the couple to be married in Catholic rites. The two were married in 1892, both in Catholic and Katipunan rites.  Gregoria chose “Lakambini” as her nom de guerre.

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THE KATIPUNAN

      On July 7, 1892, the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan was founded in the house of Deodato Arellano at 734 Calle El Cano cor. Azcarraga.  Membership was through blood compact symbolizing the foundation of the secret society, which aimed the separation of the Philippines from Spain and the expulsion of the Spaniards in the country.  The first Supremo of the Katipunan was Deodato Arellano, followed by Roman Basa and finally, Andres Bonifacio.

     In 1893, women were given the chance to join the organization.  The first members were Gregoria de Jesus, Josefa Rizal, Marina Dizon and Angelica Lopez.  They served as the keepers of important and confidential documents of the Katipunan and staged galas as fronts for the regular meetings of the male members.  By 1894, the Katipunan spread throughout Manila.

      In order to strengthen and further widen the operations of the organization, the Kalayaan, the official organ of the Katipunan was published with Emilio Jacinto as editor.   Two works of Bonifacio were published in the  Kalayaan– “Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa” and “Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog.”

THE PLAN FOR A REVOLUTION

      An important meeting held on 3 May 1896 concluded with a plan to rescue Rizal from Dapitan to lead the revolution.  The task was assigned to Dr. Pio Valenzuela.  Unfortunately, Rizal expressed his opposition to the idea of launching an unprepared revolution against a strong nation protected by well-armed defense force. In the end, he urged that if the revolution is inevitable, the revolutionary members should seek the help of the rich and influential people to convince them to support the cause of the revolution.  He also suggested that the service of Antonio Luna be secured by the organization because of his military expertise and affiliation with rich and influential Filipinos.

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THE DISCOVERY OF THE KATIPUNAN

      The quarrel between two employees of the printing shop publishing Diario de Manila resulted in the discovery of Katipunan.  This happened after Apolonio dela Cruz was given a P2 raise in salary and Teodoro Patiño was not given any.  A heated argument sparked between them which led Patiño to confide the secrets of the Katipunan to his sister Honoria at the convent where she was staying, her tearful reaction attracted the attention of one of the nuns. The nun in turn, persuaded Patiño to tell everything he knew to Fr. Mariano Gil, the parish priest of Tondo.  After hearing the revelations, Fr. Gil contacted the authorities and urged them to raid the printing shop.  Documents, oaths signed in blood, receipts and ledgers related to Katipunan were confiscated from the shop.

Sad End of A Hero 

ILL FATED DESTINY

     As a result of the fateful experiences he encountered in Cavite, Bonifacio planned to return to Montalban and San Mateo.  On their way to Montalban, he and his followers passed by Limbon, Indang – a place in Cavite where food was scarce and people were tightfisted. At this point, Severino de las Alas turned his back against Bonifacio. The angered Bonifacio responded with threats and words that were wrongly interpreted by the people of Indang.  The people sought the help of Aguinaldo, who immediately ordered the arrest of Bonifacio.

      On 27 April 1897, skirmishes took place between the forces of Bonifacio and Aguinaldo.  In the said scuffle, Ciriaco was killed, while Procopio and the Supremo were caught. Andres Bonifacio was stabbed in the neck, weakening him and soaking him in blood.

    The next day, the prisoners were brought to Indang Tribunal, then to Naic.  Within the day, Gen. Mariano Noriel created the tribunal that eventually tried and convicted the Bonifacio brothers of sedition, and sentenced them to death. Surprised by the decision of the tribunal, Aguinaldo commutated the verdict.  He recommended the Bonifacio brothers be exiled to an isolated island also found in Cavite.  However, Gen. Noriel and Gen. Pio del Pilar dissuaded him, arguing that by reducing the sentence, the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines would once again be at stake.  Aguinaldo, in the end, changed his mind and signed the death sentence of the Bonifacio brothers.

      On 10 May 1897, Procopio and Andres were shot at Mount Nagpatong, near Mount Buntis in Maragondon, Cavite. This event ended the short life of the Supremo.  His educational attainment and military expertise may not have been equal to that of other heroes but his love for the country was absolute.  His name will always be revered and serve as the battle cry of Filipinos who yearn for freedom oppression and injustice.

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Latest information, Media and Internet

In celebration of Andres Bonifacio as a national hero a movie was created headed or featured by no less than Robin padilla. The title is Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo.

Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo (lit. "Bonifacio: The First President") is a 2014 Philippine historical action drama film centering on the life of Katipunanrevolutionary Andres Bonifacio.It is an official entry to the 40th Metro Manila Film Festival.

The film begins with the execution of GomBurZa in 1872. The story then flashes forward to the present day where high school students Joaquin (Daniel Padilla), Andrea (Jasmine Curtis-Smith), and Gary (RJ Padilla) visit Museo ng Katipunan.

Flashback: On July 3, 1892, Dr. Jose Rizal (Jericho Rosales) brings together La Liga Filipina, a peaceful reform movement that aims to unite all Filipinos and give them one voice. One of its members is Andres Bonifacio (Robin Padilla), who is currently supporting his siblings, as both their parents died due to illness. Rizal is later arrested after the Spanish authorities uncover the organization. Bonifacio then decides to form the Katipunan to lead a revolution against the Spanish colonizers.

With the help of his friend Teodoro Plata, he meets Gregoria de Jesús (Vina Morales), who is also known as Oriang. Bonifacio visits the church, meeting Oriang again. She knows that he joined a group of Masons and is not religious. Bonifacio denies the accusations, saying that those are just inventions of the friars. Later that day, while walking on the street, they encounter a friend of Oriang (Pepe Herrera), begging a friar to give his salary in the polo. However, the friar refuses and instead makes derogatory remarks towards the man. Then he is shot by one of the Spanish soldiers.

Bonifacio and Oriang's relationship develops and they finally marry after Oriang’s parents gave their approval. Then while recruiting additional katipuneros, Bonifacio finds out that Teodoro and Nonay Bonifacio are lovers. On the following day, a mayor named Emilio Aguinaldo becomes one of the new recruits of the Katipunan.

In the present, the museum curator decides to guide the students towards the truth about Bonifacio to enlighten them amidst the wrong historical information in their textbooks.

Cast

• Robin Padilla as Andres Bonifacio

• Vina Morales as Gregoria de Jesus / Oriang

• Eddie Garcia as Museum of Philippine Political History curator

• Daniel Padilla as Joaquin

• Jasmine Curtis-Smith as Andrea

• RJ Padilla as Gary

Source: http://nhcp.gov.ph/andres-bonifacio-and-the-katipunan/

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifacio:_Ang_Unang_Pangulo

Library of Congress > Researchers > Hispanic Reading Room > World of 1898

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The San Sebastian Church in Manila, designed by Genaro Palacios, is an all-steel minor basilica which was completed in 1891. It is currently at the 4th year of its 10-year restoration process. (Also, contrary to rumors that are spreading, one of the members of the restoration team mentioned that the only thing that could have linked the church to Gustave Eiffel was the fact that it was also hollow like the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Gustave Eiffel had no part in the actual design of the church.)

Since the church was made of steel, a team of Filipino painters who were students of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura were tasked with the challenge of painting the interior of the whole church. One such member of this team was Pelagia Mendoza who was also the only recorded female painter in the list of students. 

I know it may seem like a very small detail, but I guess that was the point of the Women’s March Tour: making small details known so that they may have a voice. 

The San Sebastian Church was actually the last stop in a series of tours around Manila which highlighted a few Filipino women of history and art. 

The National Museum was the first stop, and yes, I know, it seems like there’s nothing special about it anymore if you’ve been to the NM a couple of times, but the thing is, the narrative of today’s tour was focused on a few women who represented the fine arts of the Philippines. Araceli Limcaco Dans, Nena Saguil, Anita Magsaysay-Ho, Norma Belleza, and a few more. 

Stories of how their art evolved and flourished were presented, and with them came the challenges of being a female artist in the Philippines when art was still male-dominated, domestic duties at the heart of the home came first, and sickness rendered them helpless. Maybe that’s why it wasn’t surprising, but rather, alarming that of the vast collection of art in the NM and the artists who created them, only 7 of the featured artists are women. 

And this sentiment carries over to Philippine History. After the stop at the NM, we proceeded to the Bahay-Nakpil Bautista, where Gregoria de Jesus lived out her days after the death of her first husband Andres Bonifacio with Julio Nakpil. 

Fondly called Oriang, the Lakambini of the Philippine Revolution was one of the few women who were documented as partakers in the revolution. She founded the women’s chapter of the Katipunan and even has her own version of the Ten Commandments. She was known not only for keeping the documents of the Katipunan in her clothing when raids came and learning to shoot and use an itak in the battlefield, but also for her special takes on recipes like her famous Pinatisang Alimango. 

When her granddaughter Miss Bobby Viola-Santos took the time to share stories of Oriang, she told of Oriang’s devotion to the Katipunan, to Andres Bonifacio, and then to Julio Nakpil and their family. She talked of how Oriang searched for Andres for 30 days to no avail and even showed the poem Oriang wrote about her search. She also wrote a letter to Emilio Jacinto regarding the ordeal which, if you look for it in historical books, is sometimes chucked into the appendix because it was too emotional, which Miss Bobby contested, saying that Oriang was straightforward with her answers and that the only emotional part of the letter was near the end when she mentioned that she wore the same baro’t saya for 30 days up until the day she gave up. 

(Another bonus: When Miss Bobby showed us the copy of Oriang’s poem, it was actually written in Julio Nakpil’s handwriting and not her own. We had speculations that this showed how much Julio Nakpil loved his country and Andres Bonifacio just as much as Oriang did.)

I guess I feel a bit guilty because I never tried to find out more about the famed Oriang (or even about Julio Nakpil). This opened my eyes further to the fact that our history and art are written in the narrative of men more than that of women. It’s a sad reminder especially since before the Spaniards colonized the Philippines, women were held in a much, much higher regard than they were during the colonization. 

After the visit to the Bahay Nakpil-Bautista, we entered the Padilla Gallery where the name Paz Paterno came up. Paz Paterno was a female artist who came from an Illustrado family back in the Spanish colonization. Despite being hindered from getting a formal education, Paz had the privilege of having private tutors, which were basically the same teachers she’d have if she entered into the Academia, which back then, only accepted men. 

For our last stop, we went to the San Sebastian Church where we learned a bit about its architecture and the team who painted the interior of the church. 

Despite the unimaginable heat of a day in the Filipino summer, the trip was completely worth it. It gave me new insights on what it is to be a strong Filipino woman and what it feels to carry the banner of our race through arts and history. Let not this be a mere reminder of how history has left us women out so much, but also a reminder that today, we have the power to chance what history will be. 

[ranichi17]

philippine independence month | relationships [1/5]: andres bonifacio and gregoria de jesús

“On May 9, [Gregoria] suddenly realized that it was her birthday and began to weep as she recalled how her parents never let the day pass without a celebration. Bonifacio, who was feverish from his wounds (he had been wounded during his capture), tried to console his wife: ‘Alas, you tied yourself to a troubled life!’ She hastened to assure him that she was not lamenting her lot: ‘It had always been my dream to find as my companion to life a man with a golden love for freedom and for our country. It seems that the fortune you dream of is the fortune you get. And if now these moments of misfortune come to us, what shall we do? They come to us from the Lord!’”  — A Question of Heroes, Nick Joaquin

In 1892, the widowed 29-year-old Bonifacio met the then 18-year-old Gregoria during a meeting with his friend and her cousin, Teodoro Plata. Bonifacio courted Gregoria, who was nicknamed Oryang, for a year amidst her parents’ disapproval, as it was well known that Bonifacio was a member of the Freemasons. They eventually relented, and Bonifacio and Oryang got married in a Catholic ceremony on March 1893 at Binondo Church. Later that night, in nearby Santa Cruz, Bonifacio and Oryang remarried under the red flag of the Katipunan using the rites of their secret society, as some of the members did not approve of the Catholic Church as an oppressive colonial force. After the ceremony, Oryang was inducted into the Katipunan’s women’s chapter and became its head, taking the pseudonym of Lakambini. A year later, Oryang would give birth in her parents’ home to her only son with Bonifacio, whom she called Andres and would die young of smallpox.

When the Katipunan was exposed in 1896, Gregoria would accompany her husband through skirmishes and council meetings. She became in charge of the safekeeping of the society’s documents and even smuggled the revolutionaries their ammunition by hiding the caches of bullets and gunpowder beneath the folds of her skirt.

Eventually, friction within the members of the Katipunan begun, and from it sprung two factions, the Magdiwang and the Magdalo. In April 1897, after a failed elections wherein the Magdalo faction, particularly Daniel Tirona, refused to recognize Bonifacio’s election as Director of War, which led to Bonifacio being insulted and walking away, Aguinaldo ordered the arrest of Bonifacio and his brother Procopio, during which both brothers were injured. Gregoria followed her husband through all this. A trial in a kangaroo court summarily followed, where the brothers were judged to be guilty of sedition despite insufficient evidence.

The Bonifacio brothers were executed in the mountains of Maragondon, Cavite sometime on the tenth of May 1897. The widowed Gregoria was said to have searched all over the mountains for the remains of her late husband, to no avail. Andres’ final resting place remains unknown.

[kalatipunan]

Magmula Giliw, Nang Ikaw ay Pumanaw...

Magmula Giliw, Nang Ikaw ay Pumanaw 

ni Gregoria de Jesus

 Magmula, giliw, nang ikaw ay pumanaw,

Katawan at puso ko’y walang paglagyan;

Lakad ng dugo sa ugat ay madalang,

Lalo’t magunita ang iyong palayaw.

 Lubhang malabis ang aking pagdarandam

Sa biglang paggayak mo’t ako’y panawan,

Alaala ako sa iyong pagdaraanan,

At gayundinnaman sa iyong katawan.

 Na baka sakaling ikaw ay kapusin,

Lumipas sa iyo oras ng pagkain;

Sakit namabigat baka ka sumpungin

Na lagi mo na lamang sa aki’y daing.

 Saan patutungo yaring kalagayan,

Dalamhating lubos liit ng katawan,

Magsaya’t kumain hindi mapalagay,

Maupo’t tumindig, alaala’y ikaw.

 Kalakip ang wikang “magtiis, katawan,

Di pa nalulubos sa iyo ang layaw,

Bagong lalaganapang kaginhawaan

Ay biglang nag-isip na ikaw ay iwan.”

 At kung gumabi na, banig ay ihihiga,

Matang nag-aantok pipikit na bigla,

Sa pagkahinbing panaginip ka, sinta

Sabay ang balong ng di mapigil na luha.

 Sa pagka-umaga, marahang titindig,

Tutop ng kamay yaring pusong masakit,

Tuloy na dungawan, kasabay ang silip,

Sa paroroonan mong hirap ay mahigpit.

 Matapos sumilip, pagdaka’y lalabas,

Sa dulang kakanan agad haharap;

Ang iyong luklukan kung aking mamalas,

Dibdib ko’y puputok, paghinga’y banayad.

 Sama ng loob ko’y sa aking mag-isa,

Di maipahayag sa mga kasama;

Puso ko ay lubos na pinagdurusa,

Tamis na bilin mo’y “magtiis ka, sinta.”

 Sa akin ay mahigpit mong tagubilin,

Saya’y hanapin at ang puso’y aliwin;

Naganap sumandaliy biglang titigil,

Alaala ka kung ano ang narating.

 Mukha’y itutungo, luha’y papatak,

Katawan pipihit,lakad ay banayad;

Pagpasok sa silid, marahang igagayak

Damit na gagamitin sa aking paglakad.

 Lilimutin mo yaring kahabag-habag,

Puhunang buhay tatawirin ang dagat;

Pag-alis ay sakit, paroroonan ay hirap,

Masayang palad mo sa huli ang sikat.

 Ako’y lalakad, usok ang katulad;

Pagtaas ng puti, agiw ang katulad;

Ang bilin ko lamang, tandaan mo, liyag,

Kalihiman natin huwag ihahayag.

 Paalam sa iyo, masarap magmahal,

May-ari ng puso ko’t kabiyak na katawan;

Paalam na nga yaring pinalalayaw,

Paalam, giliw ko, sa iyo’y paalam.

 Masayang sa iyo’y aking isasangla

Ang sulam pamahid sa mata ng luha,

Kung kapusin palad, buhay mawala,

Bangkay man ako, haharap sa iyong kusa.