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loadoutlet812 · 4 years ago

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Time Clock 1

Time Clock 120v Not Digital

Reset Clock 1

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Electronic time clock

A time clock, sometimes known as a clock card machine or punch clock or time recorder, is a device that records start and end times for hourly employees (or those on flexi-time) at a place of business.

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In mechanical time clocks, this was accomplished by inserting a heavy paper card, called a time card, into a slot on the time clock. When the time card hit a contact at the rear of the slot, the machine would print day and time information (a timestamp) on the card. One or more time cards could serve as a timesheet or provide the data to fill one. This allowed a timekeeper to have an official record of the hours an employee worked to calculate the pay owed an employee.

The terms Bundy clock, bundy clock, or just bundy(1) have been used in Australian English for time clocks. The term comes from brothers Willard and Harlow Bundy.

History(edit)

Origins(edit)

Early time clock, made by National Time Recorder Co. Ltd. of Blackfriars, London at Wookey Hole Caves museum

Bundy clock

An early and influential time clock, sometimes described as the first, was invented on November 20, 1888, by Willard Le Grand Bundy,(2) a jeweler in Auburn, New York. His patent of 1890(3) speaks of mechanical time recorders for workers in terms that suggest that earlier recorders already existed, but Bundy's had various improvements; for example, each worker had his own key. A year later his brother, Harlow Bundy, organized the Bundy Manufacturing Company,(4)(5) and began mass-producing time clocks.

In 1900, the time recording business of Bundy Manufacturing, along with two other time equipment businesses, was consolidated into the International Time Recording Company (ITR).(6)(7)(8)(9)

In 1911, ITR, Bundy Mfg., and two other companies were amalgamated (via stock acquisition), forming a fifth company, Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), which would later change its name to IBM.(10)

The Bundy clock (see image left) was used by Birmingham City Transport to ensure that bus drivers did not depart from outlying termini before the due time; now preserved at Walsall Arboretum.

Time Clock 120v Not Digital

In 1909, Halbert P. Gillette explained about the state of the art around time clocks in those days:

IBM time clock

Time clocks.—Such an appliance which may not, in general, be used in the field, but which is of immense value in the office and particularly in a shop, is the time clock. Various forms of time clocks are in common use, two types of which are illustrated. (The first) is a time card recorder, which is a clock so made that it will automatically stamp on a card inserted in a slot in the clock by the workman the time of his arrival and of his departure. The cards are made to hold a record covering the pay period and need no attention from a timekeeper or clerk until the termination of this period. Parallels network & wireless cards driver download for windows 10. The record of the men's time can then be compiled very readily by one who need not be a skilled mathematician or time clerk.

The time clock system has been developed very highly in shops for keeping track of time used in completing any job by workmen, but as this in a way is not in the realm of field cost keeping, it will not be entered into here.

Another form of time clock (..) has the numbers of the employees fixed on the outer edge of a disk or ring and a record is made by the employee who shifts a revolving arm and punches his number upon entering the office and leaving. The working up of employees' time then becomes simply a matter of computation from printed figures. These two types are made by the International Time Recording Co. of New York.(11)

An example of this other form of time clock, made by IBM, is pictured. The face shows employee numbers which would be dialed up by employees entering and leaving the factory. The day and time of entry and exit was punched onto cards inside the box.(12)

Mid 20th century(edit)

In 1958, IBM's Time Equipment Division was sold to the Simplex Time Recorder Company. However, in the United Kingdom ITR (a subsidiary of IBM United Kingdom Ltd.) was the subject of a management buy-out in 1963 and reverted to International Time Recorders. In 1982, International Time Recorders was acquired by Blick Industries of Swindon, England, who were themselves later absorbed by Stanley Security Systems.

The first punched-card system to be linked to a Z80 microprocessor was developed by Kronos Incorporated in the late 1970s and introduced as a product in 1979.(13)

Late 20th century(edit)

In the late 20th century, time clocks started to move away from the mechanical machines to computer-based, electronic time and attendance systems. The employee registers with the system by swiping a magnetic stripe card, scanning a barcode, bringing an RFID (radio-frequency identification) tag close to a reader, entering a number or using a biometric reader. These systems are much more advanced than the mechanical time clock: various reports can be generated, including on compliance with the European Working Time Directive, and a Bradford factor report. Employees can also use the system to request holidays, enter absence requests and view their worked hours. User interfaces can be personalized and offer robust self-service capabilities.

Electronic time clock machines are manufactured in many designs by companies in China and sold under various brand names in places around the world, with accompanying software to extract the data from a single time clock machine, or several machines, and process the data into reports. In most cases local suppliers offer technical support and in some cases installation services.

More recently, time clocks have started to adopt technology commonly seen in phones and tablets – called 'Smartclocks'. The 'state of the art' smartclocks come with multi-touch screens, full color displays, real time monitoring for problems, wireless networking and over the air updates. Some of the smartclocks use front-facing cameras to capture employee clock-ins to deter 'buddy clocking' or 'buddy punching', whereby one employee fraudulently records the time of another. This problem usually requires expensive biometric devices. With the increasing popularity of cloud-based software, some of the newer time clocks are built to work seamlessly with the cloud.(14)

Types(edit)

Basic time clock(edit)

A basic time clock will just stamp the date and time on a time card, similar to a parking validation machine. These will usually be activated by a button that a worker must press to stamp their card, or stamp upon full insertion. Some machines use punch hole cards instead of stamping, which can facilitate automated processing on machinery not capable of optical character recognition.

There are also variations based on manufacture and machine used, and whether the user wants to record weekly or monthly recordings. The time cards usually have the workdays, 'time in', and 'time out' areas marked on them so that employees can 'punch in' or 'punch out' in the correct place. The employee may be responsible for lining up the correct area of the card to be punched or stamped. Some time clocks feature a bell or signal relay to alert employees as to a certain time or break.(citation needed)

Fraudulent operation of time clocks can include overstamping, where one time is stamped over another, and buddy-punching, where one employee records time for another. In extreme cases, employees can use buddy-punching to skip entire days of work or accumulate additional overtime.

Self-calculating machines(edit)

Reset Clock 1

Contactless magnetic time clock card

Self-calculating machines are similar to basic time clocks. Nevertheless, at the end of each period the total time recorded is added up allowing for quicker processing by human resources or payroll. These machines sometimes have other functions such as automatic stamping, dual-colour printing, and automated column shift.(citation needed)

Software based time and attendance systems are similar to paper-based systems, but they rely on computers and check-in terminals. They are backed up with software that can be integrated with the human resources department and in some cases payroll software. https://loadoutlet812.tumblr.com/post/657433190171017216/download-sealevel-port-devices-driver. These types of systems are becoming more popular but due to high initial costs they are usually only adopted by large business of over 30 employees. Despite this they can save a business a lot of money every year by cutting down errors and reducing administration time.(15)(citation needed)

Mobile time tracking(edit)

With the mass market proliferation of mobile devices (smart phones, handheld devices), new types of self-calculating time tracking systems have been invented which allow a mobile workforce – such as painting companies or construction companies - to track employees 'on' and 'off' hours. This is generally accomplished through either a mobile application, or an IVR based phone call in system. Using a mobile device allows enterprises to better validate that their employees or suppliers are physically 'clocking in' at a specific location using the GPS functionality of a mobile phone for extra validation.

Biometrics(edit)

Biometric time clocks are a feature of more advanced time and attendance systems. Rather than using a key, code or chip to identify the user, they rely on a unique attribute of the user, such as a hand print, finger print, finger vein, palm vein, facial recognition, iris or retina. The user will have their attribute scanned into the system. Biometric readers are often used in conjunction with an access control system, granting the user access to a building, and at the same time clocking them in recording the time and date. These systems also attempt to cut down on fraud such as 'buddy clocking.' When combined with an access control system they can help prevent other types of fraud such as 'ghost employees', where additional identities are added to payroll but don't exist.

See also(edit)

References(edit)

^Bundy. (n.d.). Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition. Retrieved April 10, 2014, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bundy

^Willard Legrand Bundy Biography

^U.S. Patent 452,894

^IBM Archives: Bundy Manufacturing Co.

^Bundy Museum of History & Art

^Engelbourg (1954) p.33

^Belden, Martin; Belden, Marva (1961). The Life of Thomas J. Watson, Little, Brown; p. 92

^IBM Archives: International Time Recording

^IBM Archives: ITR time recorder

^Bennett, Frank P.; Company (June 17, 1911). United States Investor. 22, Part 2. p. 1298 (26).

^Gillette, Halbert Powers, and Richard T. Dana. Construction Cost Keeping and Management. Gillette Publishing Company, 1909, p. 110-112.

^Engelbourg, Saul (1954). International Business Machines: A Business History (Ph.D.). Columbia University. p. 385. Reprinted by Arno Press, 1976, from the best available copy. Some text is illegible.

^Kronos History

^David Needle, TabTimes, Android tablet gives old punch card time clock facelift

^'Time Is Money'(PDF). https://www.accelo.com/assets/Uploads/WhitePaperTimeIsMoney.pdf. July 2014.External link in |website= (help)

External links(edit)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Time recorders.

IBM Time Clocks (PDF files)

www.timerecorder.de/ (mostly in German, but partly translated into English) is one of the most comprehensive online documentations of the history of time recorders and time clocks

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Time_clock&oldid=991721279'

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researchcognizance · 4 years ago

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Flat Bed Screen Printing Machine Market New Entrants, Competitive Scenario and Forecast By 2027

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adinathinternationalindia · 6 months ago

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Ampoule Labeling Machine

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machinedalal · 9 months ago

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linhgd9 · 4 years ago

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Global Flatbed Die-Cutter Market Outlook 2021 – BOBST, Young Shin, Sanwa, Heidelberg, SBL, Masterwork

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smartpackindia · 6 years ago

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emilyjohn-blog1 · 6 years ago

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kevinclerk11-blog · 6 years ago

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The 1913 Hartley Building - 377 Park Avenue South

The old five-story building at No. 377 Fourth Avenue (renamed Park Avenue South in 1959) was purchased by William W. Heroy, president of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., early in October 1912. His intentions for the property had nothing to do with glass, however. One month later, on November 5, The Sun reported "Still another silk house has decided to join the ranks of those who are making Fourth avenue one of the greatest textile centres in the world." The article explained that The Hartley Silk Manufacturing Company had leased "the eight story building which will be erected at 377 Fourth avenue by William H. Heroy." The Real Estate Record & Guide added that the 21-year lease "dates from the completion of the structure." The 22-foot wide plot architect Henry P. Knowles was given to work with had originally been intended for a private house. On February 22, 1913 the Record & Guide entitled an article "The Narrowest Building in the Silk Trade" and said it would be "the narrowest mercantile structure put up since the reconstruction of Fourth avenue began." Knowles took advantage of the skinny proportions to emphasize the versatility of his tripartite composition. The Record & Guide explained that the exceptionally-high cast iron storefront "was required by the tenant, the Hartley Silk Manufacturing Company." Mixing Beaux Arts and Arts & Crafts elements, Knowles contrasted the white South Dover marble facade with tapestry brick in the central section, where mossy-green Arts & Crafts tiles lined up in the spandrels. A French-style balcony fronted the eighth floor, and a stone balustrade crowned the roof line. The upper floors would each be an ample 10-feet high.

Knowles released this rendering early in 1913. Real Estate Record & Guide, February 22, 1913 (copyright expired)

Completed in November 1913 and originally called the Hartley Silk Building, No. 377 was quickly known simply as the Hartley Building. The American Silk Journal commended the location as "in the very heart of the Fourth Avenue silk district." Hartley Silk subleased some floors. Initial tenants were Stern & Pohly, silk manufacturers; the European & Asiatic Importing Co., Inc., and the Champlain Silk Mills, "spinners and dyers of silk yarns and silk noils." The firms used the building as their salesrooms; their mills being located in New Jersey or upstate New York.

Silk Manufacturing and Its Problems, 1913 (copyright expired)

The February 1914 issue Silk magazine commented on several developments in the building. "A handsome private office for the use of Robert E. Kizer is being added to the well-appointed suite now occupied as a place of business by the European and Asiatic Importing Co.," it said; and added "The Champlain Silk Mills are now well established in their new offices at 377 Fourth Avenue." But a separate, single-sentence article was shocking: The Hartley Silk Mfg. Co., which operates at Sidney and Trumansburg, N.Y., and Towanda, Pittson and Topton, Pa., with salesrooms at 377 Fourth Avenue, has gone into bankruptcy. The move was voluntary, apparently to give the firm the opportunity to reorganize. That was realized the following year after the firm's creditors settled for 75 percent on the dollar. The new organization went by the name of the Hartley Silk Co. and continued on leasing and managing the Fourth Avenue building.

American Silk-Journal, April 1914 (copyright expired)

By 1916 other silk firms sharing the building were Berg, Garsson & Company, Lion Silk Mills, and the Progressive Silk Mills. But one tenant was noticeably unrelated. Henry Alkan signed a lease that year under Henry Alkan & Co. He and his brother Milton moved their Standard Comb Manufacturing Company into the fourth floor. The factory would be the scene of terror three years later. William J. Meyerriecks had just been discharged from the U.S. Navy after being at sea for 19 months. Now in his civilian clothes, he walked up Fourth Avenue on February 3, 1919 on a job search. Just as he neared No. 377 Fourth Avenue a massive explosion blew out the plate glass windows of the Standard Comb factory, large shards crashing to the sidewalk on the opposite side of the thoroughfare. Meyerriecks looked up to a scene of chaos. The New-York Tribune reported that "Flames were licking from the windows," and The Sun said "A man appeared at one of the windows, was embraced by a curling flame and slipped down and inside." The former sailor ran through the adjoining building to the rear yard where he pulled down the fire escape and clambered up. The Sun said he climbed five stories "in about three shakes of a cat's tail." At that level in No. 377 were two hysterical, screaming girls. He urged them not to jump, that he would save them. And then he performed an astounding feat of heroism. The New-York Tribune reported "The gap between the buildings was too wide to jump. It was spanned by a cable of a dozen or fifteen telephone wires. Meyerriecks swung out on the cable and hauled himself across, hand over hand." He put the arms of 18-year-old Ida Erenburg around his neck and started back along the telephone cables. By now firefighter Otto Zischka was in the other building and took the girl. The Sun continued "Then Meyerriecks hitched back again, his palms blistered by the tear of rough insulation, his shoulders aching under the unaccustomed strain, and the other girl launched herself at him, and gripped him tightly." Fireman Zischka grabbed Elsie Distell from his shoulders on the other side. Meanwhile, both Henry and Milton Alkan refused to leave until the last minute. The Sun reported that they were both "burned because they stayed behind and helped women employees to the stairs and did their best to stop the panic." Several of the nearly two dozen employees were burned and one almost instantly killed. Bookkeeper Michael Levine had been blown against a wall by the force of the blast. The impact knocked him out and he was later "found burned to death where he had fallen." Employees blamed the explosion on the soldering of metal parts to the celluloid. It was not the flames that injured 29-year-old firefighter William, Schalle, but the inhalation of toxins released by the burning celluloid. He died at Bellevue Hospital two days later. The following year in October the Fire Department gave medals of heroism to two of the firefighters for rescues, including those of Ida Erenberg and Elsie Distell. While the building continued to house mainly silk firms, by 1923 Breezy Stories magazine was being published here. It was the first of the book and magazine firms who would later essentially take over the structure. In 1930 the second floor was leased by brothers Edward J. and Charles O'Malley for their used book store. O'Malley's Book Store, popularly known simply as O'Malley's, would become a destination and resource for book lovers nationwide. By then the silk trade had moved on. In 1930 J. W. Cooper & Co. marketed its Gym Boat from its offices here. The firm's sole product, the device was essentially what we would call a rowing machine today.

Workouts were best done in a shirt and tie in 1930. The Rotarian, November 1930

And the building was the birthplace of an all-female ball club in 1932. On April 9 the Star-Journal Sports reported "An organizational meeting of the Girls' Industrial Softball League will be held next Wednesday night, starting at 8:30, at Mickey Harnalak's office, 337 Fourth avenue." O'Malley's was visited by a human interest writer in 1953. His August 20 article in the Greenfield, Maine Recorder Gazette called it a "perfectly wonderful bookstore. It is a cozy second-story shop lined with thousands of books, most of which have long since been out of print." The writer assured that if the book you wanted was not on the shelves--"and it probably is"--Charles O'Malley would get it. "If you asked him for the Book of Kell, he'd likely have it in the shop for you in a couple of days." O'Malley related the story of a "large TV tycoon" who had visited a few days earlier. He wanted only books printed prior to 1897--the copyright expiration date at the time. The bookseller lamented the customer wanted the vintage stories only so he could plagiarize them into television shows. Publishing firms were taking over the building by the time of that interview. Jubilee: A Magazine of the Church and Her People was here at least by 1957 and would remain for decades. Later Thorson's Publishers, Inc. called the address home. Edward J. O'Malley, Jr. died of a heart attacked in February 1970. The bookstore held more than 50,000 volumes at the time. The New York Times writer Alden Whitman wrote on February 19 "Over the years thousands of bibliophiles climbed the creaky stairs or rode the uncertain elevator to O'Malley's to browse or buy, certain that the stocky, ruddy-complexioned, blue-eyed Mr. O'Malley had the book they wanted or could acquire it somewhere, some how." Whitman went on to say the bookseller seldom disappointed his customers, who included "Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Thornton Wilder, P. G. Wodehouse, Frank Sullivan, S. J. Perelman and Geoffrey Hellman." It was the end of a chapter. Charles O'Malley, now 62, said he no longer cared to carry on the business alone. "I think I'm going to sell out. It's just too much for one man alone." Throughout the rest of the century the varied tenant list included the Financial Marketing Group, Inc.; Advertising Services ABS; and the headquarters of the National Bowling Association, all here in the 1980's.

The Harley Silk Company's vast cast iron storefront has long ago been obliterated, and the rooftop balustrade disappeared years ago. Sadly years of grime disguises the white marble and nearly obscures the wonderful green Arts & Crafts tiles of what was once a startlingly skinny structure. photographs by the author

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