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What is refresh rate in modern TVs

Modern television uses the latest innovative technologies. As a result, their description contains a large number of technical terms and concepts. As a consequence, many users often confuse them. In addition, the description from companies often contains a marketing component, which additionally distorts objective information.

Refresh rate and FPS

The confusion with the screen refresh rate and frame rate due to the same unit of measurement (frames per second) and the similarity of their physical values (information density per unit of time) well illustrates this problem. But they characterize different values. The screen refresh rate corresponds to the maximum number of frames played by the TV per second. In other words, a screen with a frequency of 60 Hz reproduces the image 60 times per second. In fact, the refresh rate of the LCD screen characterizes the frequency of the signals coming to the matrix with information about the color change of the pixels. That is, this value characterizes the objective ability of the device to reproduce frames. Thus, a 50 Hz screen displays the 60 FPS video with lossy. Frame frequency or Frames Per Second (FPS) or Frame Rate or Frame Frequency characterizes the number of frames replaced per second in video content, that is, the shooting technology. This concept was first used by photographer Eadweard Muybridge, who experimented with chronophotographic shooting the moving objects with several cameras. Thus, the difference between these values can be formulated as follows: FPS characterizes the number of frames per second of a video content, and the screen refresh rate determines the possibility of its playback on a particular TV screen. Of course, the optimal choice requires taking into account this aspect. Probably, an expensive display with a frequency of 100 Hz and above will be unnecessarily redundant for playing 25 FPS video content. The video at the end illustrates in detail the difference between these specs.

Modern TVs

In general, modern LED TVs use IPS matrices or their modifications. They provide good color rendering up to 99% and wide viewing angles of 178 ° vertically and horizontally. The response of the modern IPS matrix is about 5 ms. Thus, it plays a maximum of 1000 ms / 5 ms = 200 frames per second. But really, the response time can reach 7 milliseconds. Today, manufacturers install 3 types of matrixes on TVs: - matrix with a frequency of 60 fps; - matrices with a frequency of 120 fps (most common); - matrix with a frequency of 240 fps (usually in expensive models). Today video content for various standards supports: - 1080i - interlaced standard with a frame rate of 25 or 30 (29.97) fps; - 1080p - standard with progressive scanning, allowing the use of 24, 25, 30, 50 or 60 fps; - 720p - standard with progressive (line-by-line) scanning, allowing the use of 50 or 60 fps; - SD - standard digital television 50 or 60 fps; - Analog signal - 25 fps.

Frame interpolation

Refresh rate directly affects the smooth reproduction of high-dynamic scenes and the screen flickering. Accordingly, its increase improves smoothness and reduces flicker. Today, companies solve this task by hardware or by using special processing algorithms (frame interpolation).

Frame interpolation forms additional intermediate frames in video content. Today, almost all segment leaders use their own technologies. The list of indices and technologies of dynamic scenes from different companies includes: - Clear motion rate (CMR), Picture Quality Index (PQI) – Samsung;

- Picture Mastering Index (PMI) - LG; - Perfect Motion Rate (PMR) - Philips; - Motionflow XR – Sony;

- Active Motion & Resolution(AMR) - Toshiba; - Backlight scanning BLS - Panasonic; - Clear Motion Index (CMI) - Thomson; - Subfield Motion - Samsung plazma. Unfortunately, companies use different index calculation methods. Accordingly, TVs without an index of dynamic scenes reproduce an image with a frame rate of the input signal, without its correction or improvement. But today, such models are found only in the budget segment.

Indices of dynamic scenes

TVs with an index of dynamic scenes 100 improve the image by adding 1 frame between the existing two (frame interpolation). Usually, additional virtual frames are identical to the original. In this case, increasing the frequency reduces flicker. Thus, a 60 Hz matrix with an index of 100 visualizes an improvement only for video content with a frequency of less than 60. The index of dynamic scenes 200 is virtually identical to the previous, but uses an improved image processing algorithm by the processor. TVs with a 120 Hz matrix typically support a 400-600 index. They generate 2-3 additional frames between the original ones. The format of the generated frames (identical or different) depends on the processing algorithm. Given the use of identical processors for the indices 100 and 400, it can be assumed that they are identical. Additionally, models with such indices necessarily use local dimming. Theoretically, this technology provides an improvement even for UHD, but many users do not confirm this in their feedback and comments. Models with with support for 800-1200 index use expensive matrices and high-performance processors that provide frame analysis and the creation of new intermediate real frames. According to TV owners, the visualization of improved playback of high-dynamic scenes is present between models with indices 100 and 200, but disappears at indices 400 or 600. Therefore, many experts consider the indexing to be partially marketing. Of course, interpolation requires perfect processing algorithms. Otherwise, inaccurate conversion or generation of intermediate frames reduces the quality of the final image due to digital artifacts. Therefore, increasing the frequency significantly increases the requirements for processing algorithms.

Features

Unfortunately, some companies incorrectly use the concept of 200 Hz. Honest dynamic image enhancement technology uses motion interpolation, generating additional frames. Other a cheaper and less efficient technology uses Scanning Backlight technology, which reduces motion blur. Such TVs with pseudo 200 Hz mode and Scanning Backlight technology actually provide frame refreshing only with 100 Hz. In this case, the control system divides the screen into three parts horizontally and periodically on / off backlight. Next, the TV adds a dark rectangle to the image on the screen, that moves across the screen at a frequency of 100 times per second, creating the illusion of playback with 200 Hz. Periodically dimming the backlight reduces the blurring effect of a moving object, increasing the sharpness of the contours in intermediate frames. Additionally, this technology reduces power consumption. But, of course, Scanning Backlight is radically different from the real frequency of 200 Hz and has significant drawbacks. In particular, it reduces the overall brightness of the image and increases the flicker of the screen. The test mode of such images illustrates the difference between real 200 Hz and Scanning Backlight.

Although, of course, the lower cost partially compensates for this nuance.

Conclusion

Today, models of the world's leading electronics companies, including Samsung, LG and Sony, provide real 200 fps with the help of powerful high-performance video processors. Such TVs correctly form up to three intermediate frames between consecutive frames of a standard 50 Hz video content. As a result, the 200 Hz provides excellent detail even for the complex maneuver of a football player or fast boxer attack.

In addition, TVs with a refresh rate of 200 Hz are great for gamers. Unfortunately, all such models belong to the upper price segment. Of course, the refresh rate is one of the important criteria for choosing a TV. Read the full article

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TV screen refresh rate

The matrix frequency is measured in hertz. In a highly competitive environment, companies often try to use it for marketing purposes. However, a real increase in frequency is technically difficult and requires significant costs. Therefore, its value is often artificially overstated due to incorrect interpretation of additional factors. Even advertising on the Internet often contains the values of Motion Rate or Motion Flow or Motion Clarities, increasing its uncertainty. The matrix frequency characterizes the rate updates of the LCD panel. A TV panel with a steep front of the clock pulse transmits the dynamic image more clearly. Abrupt change of frames on the more slow panel causes the flicker. Today interpolation frame is a most efficient way to solve this problem. This technology works as follows. TV with refresh rate of 100 Hz calculates and adds the intermediate frame that is based on two contiguous frames with frequency 50 Hz. This technology provides a smoother playback of moving image. Disconnection of the backlight also reduces the blurring when changing frames. So-called Scanning Backlight also provides the same effect. Other methods of image optimization, e.g., with the help of a local dimming or a dynamic backlight improves the contrast, but do not increase the clarity and smoothness. Therefore, increasing the matrix frequency is the most effective method for improving the playback quality of highly dynamic scenes.

Interpretation of refresh rate by the companies

Samsung widely uses the CMR (Clear Motion Rate) parameter. The company said that the refresh rate is not enough capacious for description of this TV feature. According to the company experts, CMR is the best option. But CMR includes the characteristics of backlight and CPU. As a result, LCD panel with a frame rate of 100 Hz is conditionally transformed into a ultrafast screen with 400Hz CMR. But this TV actually plays only 100 fps (frames per second). Samsung just multiplies digits: 100 Hz (screen update) x 2 (interpolation frames) x 2 (flashing backlight) = 400 Hz CMR. Of course, this technology improves the playback quality, but not due to a real increase in the matrix frequency. Advertising the LG Electronics focuses attention on the MCI value. In fact, the MCI (Motion Clarity Index) parameter includes a combination of refresh rate, the scanning backlight, local dimming and interpolation frames. The MXR (Motionflow XR) parameter in Sony models similarly combines refresh rate, interpolation frames and a scanning backlight. The same combination in Toshiba is called the AMR (Active Motion Rate). Philips uses a PMR (Perfect Motion Rate) index, the calculation of which additionally takes into account various methods of image optimization. PMR parameter adds scanning and flickering the backlight, local dimming, amplification of backlight for very bright frames and the weakening for dark frames as multipliers for the refresh rate. As a result, the TV with a refresh rate of 200 Hz receives an unprecedented value 1200Hz PMR. A similar situation exists for plasma TVs.

Conclusion

The TV will show a maximum of 100 fps (frames per second) if the matrix is designed for 100 Hz. Today, the most rapid matrices provides a frequency of 200 fps (200 Hz). Comparison of CMR, MCI, MXR and PMR indexes is incorrect, because they are calculated using different algorithms. Therefore, the use of this criterion when choosing a TV requires additional data. This video demonstrates the work of Motionflow 200 Hz technology, which was developed by SONY and is now used in the BRAVIA TVs. Read the full article

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How to choose a TV

TV is one of the mandatory attributes of any modern apartment. The market responds adequately to high demand, constantly offering more advanced models. Therefore, today the choice of the optimal model is quite complex and depends on various criteria, which are constantly adjusted depending on the development of technologies. But even a simplified classification can help in TV choice taking into account the optimal set of innovative technologies and its price.

Main trends

CES exhibition of consumer electronics most effectively reflects the trends in this segment. Since 1967, it has been held annually in Las Vegas and demonstrates the flagship models of the main market leaders. CES exhibition 2017 revealed the following trends. Refusal of 3D technology. Samsung was the first to declare a refusal to use this technology in their models. Philips, Sony and LG also abandoned 3D technology in their flagship TVs. This is due to the lack of 4K 3D standards. Leading content providers also refused to create 3D channels. Thus, fans of this format are forced to use 3D glasses that is uncomfortable for many. The quality of screens that do not require 3D glasses is still low. Therefore, today, 3D playback is still concentrated in cinemas. Refusal of curved screens These models were first proposed by LG in 2013. Samsung curved models appeared later. Today it's the only company that continues to use them. Philips, Sony and LG have also completely abandoned this technology in their new models, since most consumers in America and Europe are not interested in buying them. Experts suggest that Samsung will also completely abandon curved screens. Improvement of picture and sound quality. Today, the efforts of companies are mainly focused on improving these innovative technologies. Ultra-thin design without frames A bright and contrasting image on such a panel creates the illusion of an image that freely floats in space. But, of course, this effect requires applying the latest technology. Brands. Today, Sony, LG, Samsung, Philips and TCL are most often positioned as leaders in this segment. The main innovations belongs to Sony, LG and Samsung. But the TVs of each company have key features.

Sony

The famous Japanese company occupies a leading position in the ratings of the best manufacturers for many decades. Full range of LED TVs in all price segments are the basis of their assortment. Premium BRAVIA A1 series with innovative OLED-displays is the main development of 2017. Stylish design, very high build quality and clear realistic image with excellent color rendering are major advantages of Sony TVs. Today the company produces its models in factories in Slovakia and Malaysia. Pros: - a wide range of diagonals from 32 to 100 inches; - use of different matrixes (OLED, IPS, VA) with a refresh rate of 60 or 120 Hz and Full HD or 4K (UHD) resolution; - highly effective proprietary image quality improvement technologies (Triluminos Display, Motionflow XR, 4K X-Reality PRO); - HDR support even in Full HD models; - the concept of frameless design (thin frames, hidden laying the wires, etc.). Cons: - high price; - Smart TV is focused on paid services.

LG

Leadership of this brand in terms of image quality is manifested in the premium segment, where the company offers a wide range of innovative OLED TVs. This line includes LG Signature, Ultra HD Premium series and even an inexpensive Full HD (1080p) model. The huge popularity of LG is also due to concept of Korean companies that is based on the production of high-quality, but quite inexpensive models based on LCD matrixes with LED backlighting of the budget and average levels, and innovative Super Ultra HD TVs with Nano Cell technology. A large number of free apps for Smart TV is an added advantage. Pros: - one of the most convenient Smart TV platforms on WebOS 3.5 with the ability to update (new models equipped with a Magic Remote console); - a wide range of panels with resolution from HD-Ready to 4K (Ultra HD); - using Active * HDR technology with support for HDR 10, HLG and Dolby Vision; - TVs with LG IPS matrixes provide bright colors and ideal viewing angles; - all LG OLED panels support Dolby Atmos since 2017. Cons: - limited memory is sometimes insufficient for WebOS, especially when playing high-definition video from the browser; - the headphone jack is absent in many models.

Samsung

Today Samsung is the most popular brand in terms of sales. Its huge model range with diagonals from 24 to 88 inches provides the optimal choice for any budget and apartment size. 4K QLED TVs with displays on quantum dots are its flagship ruler. The company has chosen this direction as the main one. But today it's still LCD TVs with LED backlighting without an ultra-thin flexible screen. Traditional Full HD and 4K LED models with VA matrices of 60 or 120 Hz are the basis of the Samsung model range. Pros: - wide range of Flat and Curved models; - highly effective firm technologies for improving the original image; - low value of the video signal delay is ideal for video games; - fast, convenient and easy to use OS Tizen for Smart TV; - One Remote with voice commands. Cons: - high price for some models; - the dependence of quality on the place of assembly.

Philips

Today, the dynamic background Ambilight backlight is the main advantage of Philips TVs and is often the main reason for preferring this brand. Unfortunately, the software for Smart TV is the main disadvantage of these TVs. Low-power hardware, slow software platform with weak support and rare updates are its main drawbacks. Today, this brand belongs to the Hong Kong (Chinese) TP Vision company. Pros: - Ambilight backlight automatically adjusts the color palette depending on the content. Unfortunately, the technology is available not in all models; - excellent price/functionality ratio; - very thin design; - good color rendering, high definition and contrast of the image; - remote control with radio transmitter. Cons: - settings menu is complex; - Slow Smart TV.

TCL

The very famous American-French Thomson company in the early 2000s ceased production of TVs and sold the right to use the trademark to Chinese TCL company. Today these models are competitive only in the budget niche. The range includes traditional LED TVs with a diagonal of 19 to 55 inches. Pros: - good quality/price ratio; - simple control; - thin stylish design; - a universal set of interfaces; - digital tuner for all models. Cons: - average level of software for Smart TV; - relatively small viewing angles. This video demonstrates the new LG 88 inch 8K OLED at CES 2019. Read the full article

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DLP vs LCD vs LCoS projectors

As known, the whole history of the consumer electronics development is accompanied by fierce competition. It forces companies to constantly increase competitiveness, expanding the functionality of their models and reducing its costs. Of course, the solution of this problem requires the active use of innovative technologies. As a result, companies are investing heavily in their development. As a consequence, today the market often offers similar in consumer qualities models using different technologies. LED LCD, OLED (LG), QLED(Samsung) and NanoCell (LG), Micro LED models in a TV segment perfectly illustrate this trend. High-tech projectors are no exception. Today, models with DLP, 3LCD, and LCoS (D-ILA, SXRD) projection technologies successfully compete in the market. In addition, the development of the segment with LEDs and laser LEDs as light sources initiated the rapid development of portable models of various form factors (pico, cubed, micro, pocket). Moreover, advances in precision technology for manufacturing aspherical lenses and reflective mirrors pushed the development of very popular Ultra Short Throw (UST) projectors, which are able to create huge high-quality projections at a distance of several tens of inches. LG PF1000UW perfectly demonstrates these possibilities. Of course, this situation provides a very rapid improvement of household appliances that pleases consumers. Unfortunately, this wonderful trend has a side effect. Today, the conscious choice of the optimal device requires some effort from the consumer. Of course, the price and functionality remain the main criteria. The price depends entirely on company policy and we cannot influence it. But assessing the price / quality ratio is sometimes a difficult task because of the abundance of offers, which often contain a marketing component. Therefore, even a simplified classification can partially simplify this task.

Operation principle

As known, DLP (Digital Light Processing) uses a semiconductor DMD (Digital Micromirror Device) chip from Texas Instrument with an array of micromirrors to reflect light. In fact, each micromirror corresponds to one pixel. The control signal tilts the micromirror at an angle of �� 12 °, forming a white or black dot on the screen. The frequency of control signals in modern models reaches several kHz. Today, the company produces a wide range of DMD, including, for example, DLP 2000 (0.20 "), DLP 2010 (0.21"), DLP 230GP (0.23"), DLP 230KP (0.23"), DLP 230NP ( 0.23"), DLP 3010 (0.31"), DLP 3310 (0.33") and DLP 4710 (0.47"). They support display resolution from 640 x 360 (nHD) to 1920 x 1080 (1080 p or Full HD). But DLP projectors form a color image on the screen, alternating a sequence of projections with different colors and creating the illusion of a color image due to the high frame rate. The color wheel with segments of different colors serves as a color filter. As known, 3LCD technology was developed by Epson. It uses the influence of electricity on the spatial orientation of liquid crystal molecules. In fact, its matrixes work in the same way as traditional LCD matrices in TVs. But unlike the DLP projector, the 3LCD models form a color image with the help of special prism from three mono-color images. The LCoS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) projectors combine the best qualities of DLP and 3LCD technologies. Today, its versions of SXRD (Silicon X-tal Reflective Display) from Sony and D-ILA (Direct Drive Image Light Amplifier) from JVC are the most popular.

Contrast ratio

Of course, the image quality dependents on the contrast. As known, this value characterizes the ratio of the brightness of the brightest and darkest pixels. Specs of projectors or TVs contain it in the form of, for example, 60,000: 1. Accordingly, the contrast depends on the maximum brightness and depth of black. In fact, contrast provides depth and dimension of the image, which affect the realism of perception. Today DLP technology in the DLP and LCoS projectors provides higher contrast compared to LCD models. The use of reflection allows engineers to achieve very deep black due to the complete cut-off of light. LCD matrixes use the light pass and cannot ensure its complete blocking. But on the other hand, powerful lamp 3LCD projectors partially compensate for this factor with higher brightness. Many models use effective Auto Iris technology, which adjusts the aperture depending on the illumination of the scene in the frame.

Brightness and color

The brightness characterizes the light intensity in ANSI lm or lm. It has several names, including the light output or lumens rating. This value mainly depends on the type of the light source in the projector. Today, lamps and lasers provide maximum brightness. But the lamps are quite expensive and have a limited service life (4,000-6,000 hours). Laser LEDs provide high power and long service life, but are expensive (mainly due to expensive green lasers). LEDs have a very long service life (20,000-30,000 hours) and are relatively inexpensive, but do not provide sufficient brightness. In turn, brightness affects viewing comfort. Low brightness requires dimming the room to produce acceptable image quality. High brightness provides it even in daylight. Unfortunately, powerful lamps get very hot during operation and require efficient cooling. In turn, the noise during the operation of powerful fan reduces the viewing comfort. Therefore, the choice of brightness represents a trade-off between durability, dimming requirements and noise level. The type of light source mainly depends on the positioning model (portable, home theater, etc) and does not depend on technology. But in general, the 3LCD models often use lamps, and DLP and LCoS - semiconductor light sources (LEDs or laser LEDs). Color accuracy, color range and saturation depend only on the model class.

Motion Blur and Input Lag

As known, this effect is visualized in highly dynamic scenes. Companies solve this problem by increasing the frequency or using the interpolation method that TV manufacturers have been using for years. This technology is based on the formation of intermediate frames by the processor. Today, almost all leading companies use this technology and own indexes for TVs, including Motion Clarity Index (MCI), Clear motion rate (CMR), Picture Quality Index (PQI), Perfect Motion Rate (PMR), Motionflow XR, etc. Unfortunately, increasing the processor load significantly increases Input Lag. Therefore, some projectors automatically disable it in game mode. As known, Input Lag is especially important in games. This value in many modern projectors does not exceed several tens of milliseconds. But some projectors provide an unprecedented low Input Lag, which allows them to be positioned as game models. For example, the Input Lag of UST ViewSonic PX800HD does not exceed 16 ms with 3X Fast Input option. With other things being equal, DLP projectors are confidently leading in this aspect compared to 3LCD and LCoS models.

Rainbow and Screen Door Effects, and Dust Resistance

Rainbow effect appears as multicolored points along the contour of contrasting objects in the frame. It's caused by using a color wheel and shown only in 1-chip DLP projectors. Increasing the speed of its rotation reduces the effect. However, today companies successfully solve this problem in various ways, including, for example, using the innovative RGBRGB color wheel. Of course, LCD and LCoS projectors do not have this effect due to the lack of a color wheel. Screen Door Effect is a visualization of pixels on the screen at a short distance. The high pixel fill factorI duu to the minimum distance between micro mirrors in the DMD chip almost completely eliminates this effect in DLP projectors. Unfortunately, 3LCD models, especially inexpensive, form an image with this effect due to the rather large distance between the matrix crystals. However, more expensive models successfully compensate for it by high resolution. LCoS projectors form an image without this effect. Of course, dust significantly reduces the quality of optics, which is one of the main components of any projector. From this point of view, DLP projectors have a great advantage, because DMD chips are superbly sealed. 3LCD and LCoS models use sealed or non-sealed chips. More expensive models have additional protection.

Conclusion

1. DLP projectors have minimum dimensions and weight. As a result, this technology dominates among portable models. LCoS projectors are the most heavy and large. 2) DLP models provide excellent deep black, but only medium contrast due to the relatively low brightness. LCoS provides better contrast. 3) Low-cost 3LCD models require periodic cleaning of LCD matrices due to insufficient dust resistance. 4)The pixels on the matrices of 3LCD models can burn out over time. 5) With the same specs, today LCoS models are the most expensive, and DLP projectors have a minimal price. Of course, all these factors affect the choice of the optimal projector. This video offers the review of all technologies in modern projectors, including DLP vs 3LCD vs LCoS. Read the full article

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Frame rate or fps vs screen refresh rate

Frame rate or fps vs screen refresh rate Of course, modern TVs belong to the segment of very complex electronics and their description requires the use of a large number of technical terms and concepts. For example, the discourse on the color rendering requires understanding the differences between HDR10, Dolby Vision, Hybrid Log-Gamma (HLG), Advanced HDR, etc standards, which support different reference color gamut. Of course, even their simplified classification will simplify the user's perception of the discussion arguments. Frame rate (fps) and screen refresh rate also directly affect the quality of playback. In addition, they have approximately the same physical meaning, characterizing the number of frames per second. As a result, some users sometimes confuse them. But the screen refresh rate characterizes the device’s ability to reproduce the maximum number of frames and is measured in Hz (the number of frames per second), and frame rate characterizes the density of video content and is measured in fps (the number of frames in one second of video content). Thus, the screen refresh rate is a technical device characteristic, and fps refers to video shooting. But at the same time, both of them equally affect some aspects of image perception, for example, its smoothness and clarity.

Screen refresh rate

This value characterizes the maximum number of frames reproduced by the screen per second. In other words, a screen with a frequency of 60 Hz provides the image playback of 60 times per second. Today, most models support 60 Hz. But modern matrices in expensive models can provide 120, 144, and even 240 Hz. This value directly affects the smooth reproduction of high-dynamic scenes and the screen flicker. Accordingly, its increase improves smoothness and reduces flicker. Today, companies solve this problem in hardware or using special algorithms of frame interpolation. The first method is more simple, but requires additional costs. They are well suited for games, because the frequency significantly affects the playback quality in high-dynamic games. Many even call them gaming TVs. The second method uses frame interpolation, forming additional frames in video content. The rapid development of this direction stimulated even the emergence of a separate value - the indices of dynamic scenes. Almost all segment leaders use their own frame interpolation technologies. Today this list includes: - Motion Clarity Index (MCI) – LG; - Clear motion rate (CMR), Picture Quality Index (PQI) – Samsung; - Picture Mastering Index (PMI) - LG; - Perfect Motion Rate (PMR) - Philips; - Motionflow XR - Sony; - Active Motion & Resolution(AMR) - Toshiba; - Backlight scanning BLS - Panasonic; - Clear Motion Index (CMI) - Thomson; - Subfield Motion - Samsung plazma. Unfortunately, the methods of indices calculation are not unified and companies use different algorithms. Moreover, the marketing component also negatively affects their objectivity. Therefore, for more than a decade, some experts periodically argue about the effectiveness of indexation. Of course, these indices fundamentally different from the actual screen refresh rate.

Frame Rate

Frame Rate or Frames Per Second (FPS) or Frame Frequency characterizes the number of frames in one second of video content. This concept was first used by photographer Eadweard Muybridge, who experimented with chronophotographic shooting of moving objects with several cameras. In other words, FPS characterizes the number of frames in one second of a video content, and the screen refresh rate indicates the possibility of its playback on the screen. Thus, a 50 Hz screen displays with losses the 60 fps video content . Of course, the optimal choice requires taking into account this aspect. For example, an expensive display with a frequency of 144 Hz and above will be redundant to play 30 FPS video content. As known, frame rate is 25 fps for Europe and 30 (29.97) fps for USA due to objective reasons for the cinema development. But in recent years, the development of digital technologies has stimulated some changes. Today video content for various standards supports: - 1080i - interlaced standard with a frame rate of 25 or 30 (29.97) fps; - 1080p - standard with progressive scanning, allowing the use of 24, 25, 30, 50 or 60 fps; - 720p - standard with progressive (line-by-line) scanning, allowing the use of 50 or 60 fps; - SD - standard digital television 50 or 60 fps; - Analog signal - 25 fps. As known, shooting a moving object blurs its contour in the motion direction. But distortion directly depends on the distance of the object displacement in one frame. Therefore, increasing the frequency reduces the distance and, accordingly, the motion blur. 1 second / 25 fps = 0.04, but 1 second / 60 fps = 0.016.

FPS perception

Actually, the FPS affects the realism of perception, which depends on the playback smoothness, and flicker, which provokes fatigue. Experiments confidently demonstrate the disappearance of the difference in visualization at a frequency of 20-25 Hz and above, i.e., the person does not perceive the difference between 30 and 60 fps. In fact, it's a sign of a healthy nervous system. For example, some painful conditions with high-amplitude electrical brain rhythms, for example, due to head injuries, poisoning, oxygen starvation, etc. are often accompanied by the flickering of visual images and their painful perception. In contrast, a healthy brain limits visualization to a reasonable level. But on the other hand, our eyes use the physiological analogue of framerate to improve the detail of the object contours. Microtremor of the eye muscles provides constant eye trembling for fixing a static image that enters the brain. The frequency of their admission to the optic brain reaches 90 fps. Further, the brain processes the individual images, transforming them into a moving image. This complex, but effective system sometimes fails, for example, due to muscle injury, which are necessary for microtremor. This situation often arises, for example, in boxers after knockout. In this case, its physiological fps decreases several times and the brain begins to actively create its own pictures, generating hallucinations. Thus, increasing the video content fps reduces the load on the brain, providing the necessary information from the outside. According to many experts, fatigue from the perception of video content is inversely proportional to its fps. In addition, fps affects image detail. For example, 60 fps HD provides better detail compared to 30 fps in 2K resolution (Simon Cooke, Microsoft, 2014 research).

Conclusion

Increasing the frame rate (frames per second) and screen refresh rate (Hz) reduces screen flicker and, as a result, fatigue, and improve smoothness, image detail and, as a result, image quality. But, of course, fps depends on the video content. Therefore, the TV must support it, including the ability to connect to the input of the TV. Today, the market offers models with HFR (high frame rate) technology, which supports 60 and even 120fps. This video perfectly illustrates the FPS impact on the video content perception. Read the full article

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Sony 32" Smart LED TV w/ Built-in WiFi, MotionflowXR 240 & 2 HDMI / 2 USB Ports $424.40

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Sony KD55XF7002 55-Inch 4K HDR Ultra HD Smart TV with Freeview Play, Silver

Sony KD55XF7002 55-Inch 4K HDR Ultra HD Smart TV with Freeview Play, Silver

Sony – Sony XF7002 55” 4K SMART TV – BLACK4K Ultra HD Resolution – Get the most out of what you watch HDR streaming and gaming – Uncover new depth and detail MotionflowXR – Perfect for high-octane sports and action scenes Smart TV featuring Netflix, BBC iPlayer, Amazon Instant Video, YouTube, ITV Hub and All4 Designed for Life with plenty of connection options and cable management built into the stand