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moons-and-mobility-aids · 1 month ago

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Spoil Me Gently: Chapter 5 - masterlist

Chapter Word Count: 5.9k words.

Chapter Summary: Trust doesn't happen all at once—it builds, slowly, stitch by careful stitch. Over coffee and quiet laughter, they offer you something you didn't realize you were still brave enough to want: safety without strings, care without cost. A scarf, a promise, a thousand small gestures—all of it adding up to something bigger than you can name. And as time passes, you realize: maybe this isn't just survival. Maybe it's the beginning of being chosen, completely.

Tags: fem!reader, disabled!reader, sugar baby!reader, sugar daddy!marauders, soft!marauders, famous!marauders, chronic pain, emotional slow burn, reader is poor, reader was in an abusive relationship, gift as language, reader receives money, reader uses mobility aid, trauma-informed affection, vulnerability met with tenderness, consent-centered care, wealth without strings

Taglist: @miwi-moore

The conversation ebbs and flows like a gentle tide, touching upon work, favorite drinks, shared laughs, before receding into the deeper waters of memories. They don't pry or prod, simply allowing you to share at your own pace.

There's no overt flirtation, not yet. But what's happening is more than surface banter—it's the slow construction of intimacy through shared experiences and emotions. The connection between minds forming before bodies have a chance to collide.

"Do you like gifts?" Sirius asks out of the blue, swirling his spoon in his cappuccino, eyes never leaving yours. His tone is light, almost playful, but there's a sincerity behind his question that suggests he already knows the answer, waiting for you to confirm it.

You pause, considering. "Like, as a concept?"

James chuckles from your other side, cradling a steaming mug of coffee in his hands. His glasses reflect the soft glow of the overhead lights, but his gaze is sharp and focused on you. "Not exactly. More like...do you see them as an expression of affection rather than something transactional?"

You hesitate, your fingers tracing the rim of your mug. "Maybe? I'm not very good with them, never know how to react."

A ghost of a smile plays on Sirius's lips, but it doesn't reach his eyes. They remain focused on you, searching, probing. "Interesting," he murmurs, leaning back in his chair. "You're not comfortable with the idea of someone giving you something without expecting anything in return."

You meet his gaze, your own eyes narrowing slightly as you consider his words. There's a tension in your shoulders that belies the casual shrug you give. "Let's just say I learned early on that gifts often come with strings attached."

"Ours don't," Remus says, the words falling from his lips with a conviction that stirs something within you.

James leans in, his elbows pressing into the tablecloth as he mirrors your posture. His gaze is steady, a lighthouse amidst stormy seas. "You're allowed to have things without owing anyone anything, without needing to earn them."

You almost laugh, ready to deflect with humour as you always do, but James's hand moves beneath the table, and he pulls out a slim, black box tied with a soft ribbon. He slides it across the table, the box coming to rest against your plate with a finality that silences your retort before it can form.

"James..."

His smile broadens. "Just a small thing."

Sirius snorts. "Says the boy who grew up with three kitchens in one house."

James shrugs, unbothered by the jab. "I'll admit, my sense of 'small' might be skewed, but in my defence this gift is both practical and comfortable, and you two agreed to it. That counts for something, doesn't it?"

Remus arches a brow. "Compared to the time you wanted to gift us each a zero-gravity recliner with a built-in espresso machine, voice-activated speakers synced to Spotify, and a mini fridge? Yes, this is much more reasonable."

"That was multifunctional and completely within my aesthetic," James grumbles, but there's no heat in his words.

A soft laugh escapes you as you lift the lid, and a glimmer of something catches your eye. Under the dim light of the café, a scarf unfurls, its threads shimmering with an almost ethereal glow. It's as if it's woven with more than just silk and wool—it holds a promise, a hope that things can be different.

The fabric is a blend of warm pinks and cool silvers, colours that seem to dance and change as they catch the light. You reach out tentatively, fingers brushing against the material. It's softer than anything you've ever felt, like a whisper against your skin.

You draw the scarf closer, drinking in the sight of it. The colours shift and meld together, a perfect balance of warmth and coolness. Underneath the scent of the café—coffee and pastries and the faintest hint of magic—you detect something else. Salt and bergamot, a fragrance that reminds you of open water and wide skies.

Your fingers grip the edge of the scarf tighter than you intend. You hadn't noticed until now how hard you've been holding onto it.

But Remus does. He's always been good at noticing the little things. His eyes flicker to your hand, then back up to your face. There's no judgement there, only understanding. He doesn't say anything, doesn't need to. His nod is enough—a silent acknowledgement that he gets it, that he knows what this means.

"This isn't a bribe," Sirius says, his voice cutting through the moment. He drums his fingers on the surface of his cup, a rhythm only he seems to understand. "It's a declaration."

"Of what?" you murmur, your voice barely louder than the rustle of fabric against your skin.

"That you're wanted," James responds, his gaze never leaving your face.

You can feel their eyes on you, taking in every detail—the curve of your smile, the way your hands rest in your lap, the subtle rise and fall of your chest with each breath. They study you not with hunger but with interest, with awareness. It's as if they're trying to memorise you, to understand every part that makes up the whole.

The old tension is there, coiling in your gut like a shadow returning to haunt you — not because of them, but because of memories and past experiences that have taught you to fear.

You rub your thumb over the silk scarf, tracing the intricate patterns as if seeking some form of solace in its softness. A deep breath fills your lungs, the exhale slow and shaky.

A gentle nudge from James pulls you back from the precipice of your thoughts. "Hey, you still with us?"

"Sorry." You manage a nod, your voice barely above a whisper. "It's just... I'm not used to this."

Remus leans closer, his eyes softening. "That's all right. You don't have to be used to it yet. No one's expecting you to suddenly change."

"But we're not going to stop trying," Sirius adds, his tone surprisingly gentle. "You deserve things that feel soft against your skin, smell like the ocean or sunshine, and maybe—just maybe—if I have anything to do with it, bring a bit of excitement into your life."

"Especially the excitement," James chimes in, a grin tugging at his lips as he takes another sip of his drink.

Your laugh catches you off guard more than anyone else in the room. It's a real laugh, one that shakes your shoulders and warms your chest. The tension in the room lightens slightly as they join in, their own laughter softer, almost hesitant, as if unsure whether they're allowed to share in this moment of levity.

You trace the pattern of the fabric once more before carefully folding the scarf and placing it back in its box. The action gives you something to focus on, something other than the three pairs of eyes watching you. It's easier to pretend they're not there when you're looking at the scarf, but only just.

The words are casual, tossed out to disrupt the tension that clings to the air like static. "You're making me wish I'd brought something."

"But you did," Remus counters, his voice softening. "You came."

"Exactly." Sirius's eyes glint with something unreadable. "And your work... it's impressive enough to be a gift in itself."

Your gaze flickers up, meeting theirs. The compliment is unexpected but not entirely surprising. You knew they must have seen it online, but hearing it acknowledged aloud adds a layer of reality that sends a shiver down your spine.

"So, you've been looking," you say, a statement rather than a question. It's not an accusation, merely an acknowledgement of what you already suspected. There's no hostility in your tone—only curiosity.

"Of course we have." James's reply comes without hesitation, his gaze steady on yours. "Why wouldn't we?"

The question is asked with such calm sincerity that it feels as natural as breathing, as if seeking out the hidden layers of a person is the most normal thing in the world.

Remus's voice is softer still, a counterpoint to James's confidence. "They're beautiful, you know. The way you stitch them—it's like... it's like speaking without words."

You glance down at your hands, the fingers that have done so much yet remain so steady. The edge of the table is cool under your touch, grounding you in this moment as your thoughts drift to the pieces hanging back home—one with barbed wire encircling a blood-red rose, another proclaiming we do not mend to forget. Your cheeks warm, not from embarrassment but from the unexpected tenderness of their words and the silent understanding that fills the room.

"Your stitching," Sirius begins, his voice low and curious, laced with something warmer—wonder, perhaps—"it's like you're writing poetry." He leans forward, elbows on the table, his fingers brushing against the edge of the fabric close to yours. His nearness is palpable, yet not suffocating. "Every loop, every knot seems to hold a word just beneath its surface. A warning. A prayer. A dare."

A soft laugh escapes your lips, more from surprise than amusement. "You're not wrong," you admit, your gaze flickering up to meet his. "Mostly, it's anger."

James' smile is one of understanding rather than judgement. He's been mostly silent, taking in your words and the emotions behind them. His hand cradles a cup of coffee, the steam rising gently like the thoughts that seem to simmer in his mind. The other hand rests against his chin, fingers brushing his lower lip—a gesture so subtle you almost miss it amidst the intensity of his focus. "But even anger can be beautiful," he offers, voice low and measured. "Especially when it builds instead of breaks."

Across the table, Remus has been a quiet observer, his attention never wavering from the exchange. When he finally speaks, his words carry the weight of careful consideration. "Do you plan the pieces in advance? Or do they... emerge on their own, as if they need to be made?"

The question catches you off guard, not because it's intrusive, but because it's accurate. "They just come out," you confess, staring at the remnants of the scone on your plate. "I tell myself it's intentional later, to make it feel less like I'm... losing control."

He nods slowly, his gaze steady. "I understand that. I write in a similar way. The structure comes after. First, there's freedom. Chaos that eventually forms into something meaningful."

Sirius leans back, his fingers drumming a silent rhythm on the table. His eyes narrow, not with suspicion but something akin to respect. "Is there a piece you've been avoiding? Something you're afraid to create?"

You pause, your mind flickering over the countless images and ideas you've tucked away. "Yeah," you admit at last, your voice barely above a whisper. "There's one about my mum. I think it's still too big for me. Or maybe I'm just not ready to face it yet."

James moves then, his hand reaching across the table to rest lightly against your wrist. The contact is brief, but its message clear: You are not alone. "Then we'll wait for that one," he says softly. "No need to rush."

The conversation takes on an easy ebb and flow, the silences filled with the clink of cups and the murmur of the café around you. Your fingers toy with the sleeve of your jacket, tracing the seam in thought.

Remus's gaze lingers on you, eyes thoughtful. He leans forward slightly, his voice a low thrum that threads through the ambient noise. "I've always been fascinated by what drives people to create," he confesses, hands wrapped around his own cup. "For me, it's grief, love, anger, wonder… all of it tangled together."

His admission draws your attention away from the window, back to the warmth of the table. You meet his gaze as he continues, "And I see some of that in you." There's a pause, a hesitation before he ventures further. "But what emotion would you say is most present for you right now?"

A half-smile tugs at one corner of your mouth, but there's a sadness behind your eyes that tells a deeper story. "Survival, mostly," you admit after a moment, your voice barely above a whisper. "Anger too. And finding beauty in the broken."

Sirius tilts his head, considering this. "And grief," he suggests gently, not as an accusation but an understanding. "It has a way of sneaking up on us, doesn't it?"

You exhale, slow and steady, and offer a nod of agreement. "Always," you say. "It's... persistent."

James shifts in his chair, stretching his legs under the table until his knee brushes against yours—a subtle gesture, grounding and real. "Each stitch you make," he says, voice low and thoughtful, "it's like a tiny act of resistance."

The corners of your mouth twitch into a wry smile. "Life is a constant struggle, isn't it? Too many people suffering, too many voices telling them it's their own fault."

Silence falls over the group—not awkward or stifling, but heavy with implication. They don't rush to fill it with empty reassurances or platitudes. Instead, Sirius leans a fraction closer, his eyes holding a glimmer of understanding that wasn't there before. "But your work... it's more than just protest, isn't it? It's evidence."

You glance at him, surprised by the accuracy of his words. "Yes," you admit, your voice barely above a whisper. "Evidence that I was here. That I didn't accept things as they were."

"A record of rebellion," James murmurs, tapping his fingers against his mug. "And the parts you don't show anyone...?"

The question hangs in the air, unanswered. You don't need words to confirm what they already know.

"We'll need to have a room dedicated to your work," Sirius interjects, his voice almost light as he grins over his cappuccino. "A wall lined with your pieces so that I can wake up each morning and feel thoroughly inadequate."

James nudges your elbow gently, drawing your attention back to him. "I want to see where you create. Even if it's just a corner with poor lighting and a box fan. I want to see your chaos—the fabric snippets, the needles stuck into cushions."

"It's not pretty," you warn, though the edge in your voice betrays the curiosity kindling within you.

He chuckles, shaking his head. "Doesn't matter. If it's yours, I want to see it."

"Tell us the stories you've never put into words," Remus says, his fingers curling around a mug of coffee. "The ones that have shaped you, that you carry close to your heart."

You look down at your own cup, cradling it between your hands. "I... I don't often speak of those stories. Not aloud."

Sirius leans back in his chair, a shadow against the morning light streaming through the window. "You don't have to say anything, if you don't want to," he offers, his tone softening. "But we'll listen all the same.”

"Even silence can tell a story," James adds, his voice steady and soothing. "We just want to be there to hear yours, however you choose to tell it."

This isn't small talk or a performance; it's an invitation to connect, to share truths too long kept hidden. You feel the tension in your shoulders ease as you breathe out, the warmth of their acceptance seeping into your bones. The part of you that's always ready for a fight, always braced for impact—it starts to uncoil, just a fraction.

And then the questions shift again, slipping sideways. Softer. But somehow heavier.

"Tell me," Remus begins, leaning back in his chair, "what makes you feel safe?" His tone is neither soft nor wary—simply open, unadorned with pretense.

The heaviness of the question doesn't seem to touch the room; it hangs suspended between sips of coffee and shared laughter.

You blink, taken aback by the sudden shift, but you don't shy away from answering. Your shoulders lift in an almost imperceptible shrug. "Consistency, I suppose," you say. "Control over my own choices when it matters most. The ability to leave when I want to—without it turning into a spectacle."

James, who had been quietly nursing his coffee, looks up at your words. There's a slight furrow to his brow as he turns the mug in his hands. "You mean like... not having to justify your every move?"

"Exactly." You nod, and he grins, pleased with his understanding.

Sirius watches you for a moment longer before tilting his head to one side. "And luxury? What does that look like to you?"

"Being warm," you say without hesitation. "Not having to decide between eating or heating the flat. A bed that doesn't creak with every move. Peace and quiet."

James grins, looking more like the boy from your memories than ever. "We can definitely do warm."

"And we can do quiet," Remus adds, his voice low but filled with an unspoken promise.

Sirius leans closer, a playful grin tugging at the corners of his mouth. "We might even start a new competition—who can bring you tea first in the morning."

The thought steals your breath—not from fear, but from something new and undeniably hopeful. You find yourself smiling, not the forced, careful curve of your lips you've grown accustomed to, but a real smile that reaches deep within and radiates outward.

It's warmth, you realise—not the kind that comes from a well-stoked fire or the sun on a clear day, but the kind that starts inside and grows, as natural as breathing, as right as the moon's pull on the tides. It's not flashy or imposing; it simply is, enveloping you like a blanket, woven with threads of acceptance and belonging.

"Can I ask something?" James's voice is soft, careful now. Not wanting to shatter the delicate trust that's beginning to form. "Not as a suggestion. Just a genuine question."

You tilt your head, eyes narrowing slightly, but you nod for him to continue.

"If this became something more—like an arrangement—what would it mean for you?"

The question prompts you to pause—not out of fear or suspicion, but because its sincerity demands thought. It's not about what they can offer or how much they're willing to give; it's about what it means to you.

"Security," you admit after a moment, your voice barely above a whisper. "Freedom. Room to breathe. The relief of not having to choose between eating and heating."

Sirius nods, his expression serious now. "That makes sense. That's honest. But what else?"

"More?" you echo, tilting your head. "Beyond that?"

Remus, who has been silent for a while, leans forward. His eyes are soft, filled with understanding. "What if being cared for didn't mean losing your independence? What if it didn't come with conditions?"

You ponder his words, the question sparking something inside you. "It would mean... rest. Being valued without having to constantly prove your worth. Structure, but not rigidity. Affection without expectation. And real consent—not just a yes or no, but a way to express it fully. The kind that allows you to breathe, to exist without asking for permission first."

"Sounds like you've given this some thought," says Sirius, and there's no mockery in his voice—only acknowledgement.

Remus's eyes are kind, understanding. "Take your time. Share as much or as little as you want. We don't expect you to sort it all out right away."

"Exactly," James chimes in, his smile reassuring. "This isn't about quick fixes. It's about building something that endures."

"And with no bounds," Sirius adds, a glint of mischief in his grey eyes.

Then come the promises, each one a seed planted with care, meant to take root and grow within you.

"I want to cook for you," James says. His voice is soft but firm, like worn leather. "Nothing extravagant. Just eggs the way you like them, toast not too burnt but not too soft either, and tea—just the way you prefer it. Every morning, if you let me."

"You like breakfast," you say, almost in spite of yourself.

He chuckles, a low rumble that seems to echo around the room. "I like taking care of people. And breakfast is a good place to start."

Sirius's promise comes in a different form, smooth as silk yet just as binding. "I want to photograph you," he says, his voice dropping slightly. "No poses, no filters. Just you, in whatever moment you find yourself in. I want to capture the things others might miss."

"Do I get veto rights?" you ask, aiming for humour but landing somewhere closer to vulnerability.

"Of course," he replies, a hint of a smile playing at the corners of his mouth. "But know this—I fall in love with light easily. And with you in it, I'll never stop taking pictures."

Remus lifts his coffee to his lips, the gesture slow and deliberate. "I want to give you a library of your own, endless hours to lose yourself in its quiet, and the freedom to return when you're ready," he says, his voice low, soothing. "Your place should be one of peace, not demand."

Their words aren't just promises; they're painting a picture of what closeness could look like, shaped by their knowledge of you, their desire for you. It's not a fantasy spun from thin air but a shared reality awaiting your permission to unfold.

"You're not trying to convince me," you say, the words barely more than a whisper. "You're offering it."

James nods. "Exactly. We want you to want this, all of it, for yourself as much as for us."

The air between you shifts subtly, charged with the potential of what lies ahead. The future isn't some abstract concept now; it's mornings spent with James' humming filling the kitchen, afternoons captured under Sirius' watchful gaze as he takes photos of you bathed in natural light, evenings tucked against Remus in the library, his fingers tracing patterns on your thigh while he reads aloud. You can almost feel the weight of the blankets, smell the hint of cinnamon clinging to the pages of old books, sense the warmth radiating from three bodies that ask nothing of you but your company, your comfort.

There's an undeniable sugar daddy element to it, yes, but it doesn't feel transactional. Instead, it feels like devotion poured into every corner of a life they're willing to share.

Their questions probe deeper, asking not just what you desire but what you need. When is the last time you allowed yourself true rest? And again, you find yourself answering honestly, more candidly than you intend.

"It's been a while," you admit, your voice barely above a whisper. "I can't remember the last time I slept without keeping one eye open, or ate without saving some for later. Or didn't calculate the cost of every bite."

James's hand finds yours on the table, his fingers warm and steady against your skin. His thumb moves in slow circles over your knuckles, grounding you in the moment, in the reality that this isn't just a dream. "We can help with that."

Sirius's voice is softer now, gentler, as if he recognises how fragile this moment feels. "Or at least make it a bit easier. Give you space to breathe."

"Or share the load with you," Remus adds, his eyes meeting yours with an understanding that goes beyond words. "So you're not carrying it all alone."

You swallow hard, taken aback by the sincerity in their voices, the genuine concern etched into their faces. "It's strange," you murmur, mostly to yourself. "How easy it is to want this. And how terrifying."

"That makes sense," James says, his grip on your hand tightening ever so slightly. "Wanting something without fear... that's a luxury too. One we'd like to offer you."

The silence that follows is heavy with unspoken promises and potential, yet there's no pressure, no rush. Just the hum of possibility and the faintest stirrings of hope, intermingling with the warmth that radiates from the man beside you. It's a different kind of quiet, one that doesn't demand answers or action, but simply waits—patient and steady—for you to decide when you're ready.

You look back at them, these men who ask nothing of you but offer everything they have. Your chest tightens, the ache of longing and fear intertwined.

"You don't need to choose us now," James says, his voice a gentle murmur. "But we want you to know what choosing us would feel like."

"We want you to want it because it feels safe," Sirius adds.

Remus leans in a little closer, his eyes softening. "And if safe means locked doors and quiet nights, then that's part of it too."

You wonder if they'll still want you when the panic takes hold, when the scars are revealed, when the weight of silence becomes too much to bear. You wonder if this moment can withstand the darkness, the flashbacks, the way you sometimes forget how to be gentle.

But none of them look away, their gazes steady and unwavering. No trace of doubt mars their faces—only understanding, acceptance, and promise.

"Exactly," James leans in, his voice dropping to a low, intimate rumble. "So, we were thinking."

"Another meeting," Sirius picks up the thread, his grey eyes glinting with a familiar mischief that once brought Hogwarts' halls alive. "More private, less... formalities. Somewhere quiet."

"Comfortable," Remus adds, the corners of his mouth curving upwards ever so slightly. "No distractions. Just us, time, and honesty."

"Meaning?" you press, raising an eyebrow.

"To talk," Sirius says, leaning back in his chair, arms folded across his chest. His grin is slow, confident. "To listen. To dream, even. And to make sure we're all reading from the same script."

James's smile broadens at that, but there's an earnestness in his gaze that grounds the moment. "This was about testing the waters, seeing if we click. If the chemistry is there. And I reckon it is, don't you think?"

You pause, letting the words settle around you like dust after a storm. The air between you crackles with anticipation, waiting for your answer.

"Yeah," you admit, finally breaking the silence. "It is."

Remus nods, a soft sigh of relief escaping him. "The next step is to do this right."

"We'll take it slow, as slow as you need," James assures you, his tone steady and strong. "We set the pace together."

"And we'll be open," Remus continues, his voice measured, resolute. "About what you need from us, what you want from us, and what we require and hope for from you. Boundaries, expectations, hopes—everything will be laid bare."

"Especially the things we're afraid to say out loud," Sirius adds, his voice quieter now, but no less firm.

The thought of something long-term, something permanent, doesn't fill you with dread anymore. Not when everything feels so right. Not when your body isn't screaming at you to run. Not when your instincts, usually so sharp and wary, are curious rather than alarmed.

You nod, your voice barely above a whisper. "I'll tell you what I need, what I can give, where my boundaries lie."

James meets your gaze, his eyes earnest. "And we'll respect that. Every word. It's not just a requirement; it's a promise."

The silence that settles is heavy with shared concern, and even the air seems to hold its breath in anticipation. When you finally pull out your phone, your movements slow and careful, their eyes follow every detail.

"Are you ordering a taxi?" James's voice cuts through the stillness, a note of hope threading through his question.

You nod, your gaze not leaving the screen as you get the app up. "Yeah."

"Good," Remus murmurs. "You shouldn't have to."

Sirius shifts in his seat, glancing towards the entrance before his eyes return to you, protective and resolute. "We're waiting with you, obviously."

Your smile is faint but genuine as you look up at them, the knot in your chest loosening just a fraction. "You don't have to—"

"We know," James interjects, already rising from his chair. His glasses catch a glint of light as he adjusts them, determination etched into every feature. "We want to."

The breeze outside is sharp for the time of day, teasing through your coat and catching at your curls, but you hardly feel the chill with one of them at each side. James's hand rests on the small of your back, a steady presence guiding you forward. Remus's shoulder brushes against yours, an unspoken promise of support.

You stand together, waiting for the taxi to arrive. The conversation is light, steering clear of the night's heavier topics. You talk about the latest music and your favourite ridiculous TV shows, anything to keep the darkness at bay. James recounts how Sirius burned toast three days in a row while attempting to create a "masterpiece breakfast," and Sirius grumbles about how his camera app has updated again, throwing off his entire photo organisation system.

Remus listens, contributing when there's space, but mostly he watches the three of you, a small smile playing on his lips. It's as if he's already committing this moment to memory—three friends standing on a London street corner, finding laughter amidst the chaos.

"Are you sure you're alright?" James asks once more, his voice barely above a whisper.

"I am," you reply, meeting his gaze. And it's true—the warmth spreading through you isn't just the aftereffect of adrenaline.

The taxi pulls up to the curb, and they spring into action, each with their own role in ensuring your safety. Sirius holds the door open as you climb in, his grimace a stark contrast to his usual smirk. Remus double-checks that you have everything—your phone, your purse—his brows furrowed in concern.

James bends down slightly at the window, his hazel eyes meeting yours. "Text us when you're home," he says, his voice firm but gentle. "No matter what time it is."

"Even if it's just an emoji," Sirius adds, trying for levity but falling short.

You nod, clutching your phone tighter. "I will. Thank you. For everything."

"This isn't over," James promises, straightening as he steps back. "It's just the beginning."

As the taxi pulls away from the curb, you glance back. They haven't moved. They stand there, three figures bathed in streetlight, watching until you're out of sight. And even as the cityscape blurs again with the rhythm of the road, you can still feel it.

***

The taxi pulls away, leaving you alone in the chill of the evening. You grip the handles of your rollator tighter, the cold metal biting into your flesh, and begin the slow journey towards the entrance of your flat. Each step sends a jolt of pain through your body, a reminder of the price you've paid for tonight's revelations.

"Thanks," you mumble to the retreating vehicle, though your voice is weak, swallowed by the air.

Inside, you barely make it to the couch before your legs give out. The house is silent, a stillness that should bring relief but instead feels oppressive, heavy with unspoken dread. You remain rigid for a moment, half-expecting something to shatter the quiet.

You don't bother taking off your shoes or coat. Instead, you sink into the cushions, letting their worn softness cradle your aching body.

Your phone buzzes, the vibration startling against the silence. An instinctive flinch tugs at your muscles, old fears resurfacing despite your exhaustion. You pull the device from your pocket, squinting as the screen illuminates the dim room.

A notification.

New bank deposit: £1,000.

There is no message, no explanation accompanying the transaction. Just the stark reality of those numbers, an undeniable fact that stirs a mix of relief and unease within you.

Your chest tightens, the air thinning as if you've ascended too quickly to a great height. You look at the number again and again, afraid it will disappear if you blink too hard. It seems like another cruel trick of the light, but it's not. It's real.

You glance over at the walker by the door, its cold metal gleaming under the harsh fluorescent lights. It stands there, a silent testament to the life you have painstakingly built here. Your hands tremble, not from fear this time, but from the sheer weight of this moment. For once, it feels like someone sees you, truly sees you, without wanting something in return.

Curling up on yourself, you rest your forehead on your knees. The world narrows to the rise and fall of your shallow breaths, each one more ragged than the last.

You don't cry yet. It's too much, too sudden. The tears will come later, when the relief and terror can finally coexist. But for now, you just breathe.

Reaching into your bag, your fingers find the scarf. It's still there, the fabric cool and comforting against your skin. You pull it out and press it to your face, inhaling deeply. The scent of salt and bergamot fills your senses, mingling with the sterile smell of the hospital. It's an odd comfort, reminding you of freedom and the courage of a stranger who reached out when no one else would.

You text them without thinking:

You: I'm home. Safe. Warm. Just taking it all in.

There's a pause. Your fingers hover over the screen, not quite knowing what to say next. You're still sifting through the day's events, trying to make sense of them.

You: Thank you for today—the scarf, waiting with me, the money. I don't know how to express it yet. But... thank you.

The message sends with a small sound that echoes in the quiet room.

A few minutes later, responses start trickling in:

James: No need to explain or apologise.

Sirius: Get used to it, beautiful. This is just the beginning.

Remus: Get some rest, message us in the morning.

You set the phone down gently, treating it like something precious. You lean back, letting the couch support your weight. For once, you don't brace yourself for the next blow.

Instead, you let yourself feel tired. You allow the whisper of hope—a tentative belief that maybe, just maybe, you're safe.

The scarf rests on your lap, light yet solid, a tangible link to something you can't name yet.

Slowly, you close your eyes.

And for the first time in a long time, the darkness doesn't feel threatening. It feels like rest.

#Poly!marauders x reader #poly!marauders x you #Sirius black x reader #Sirius black x you #remus lupin x reader #remus lupin x you #james potter x you #james potter x reader #marauders era #marauders au #marauders fanfic #the sugar baby au #chantelle writes fic

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The Public Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines (PROWAG) rulemaking has concluded. The PROWAG final rule has been published in the Federal Register. Please visit the Access Board’s PROWAG page for the guidelines.

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U.S. Access Board

Advancing Full Access and Inclusion for All

Information and Communication Technology

Revised 508 Standards and 255 Guidelines

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About the ICT Accessibility 508 Standards and 255 Guidelines

These standards address access to information and communication technology (ICT) under Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act and Section 255 of the Communications Act.

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act charges the Access Board with developing and promulgating this rule. The statute also charges the Access Board with providing Technical Assistance on Section 508, which is provided through webinars, trainings, and in close collaboration with GSA and materials available from Section508.gov.

Section 508 requires access to ICT developed, procured, maintained, or used by federal agencies. Examples include computers, telecommunications equipment, multifunction office machines such as copiers that also operate as printers, software, websites, information kiosks and transaction machines, and electronic documents. The Section 508 Standards, which are part of the Federal Acquisition Regulation, ensure access for people with physical, sensory, or cognitive disabilities.

The Section 255 Guidelines cover telecommunications equipment and customer-premises equipment — such as telephones, cell phones, routers, set-top boxes, and computers with modems, interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol products, and software integral to the operation of telecommunications function of such equipment.

Background

February 3, 1998 – The Board publishes the original Telecommunications Act Accessibility Guidelines.

December 21, 2000 – The Board issues the original Section 508 Standards.

July 6, 2006 – The Board organizes TEITAC, the Telecommunications and Electronic and Information Technology Advisory Committee, to assist in updating the Section 508 Standards and Telecommunications Act Guidelines.

April 3, 2008 – The Advisory Committee presents its final report to the Board.

March 22, 2010 – The Board releases a draft proposed rule for public comment, docket ATBCB-2010-0001.

December 8, 2011 – The Board issues a revised draft proposed rule for public comment, docket ATBCB-2011-0007.

February 27, 2015 – The Board ICT proposed rule for public comment, docket ATBCB-2015-0002.

January 18, 2017 – The Board issues the final rule, docket ATBCB-2015-0002-014.

January 22, 2018 – The Board issues correction to the final rule to restore provisions for TTY access, docket document ATBCB-2015-0002-0146.

Additional Resources

Section508.gov — GSA’s Government-wide IT Accessibility Program

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act (29 U.S.C. §794d)

Final Regulatory Impact Analysis (FRIA)

Comparison Table of WCAG 2.0 to Original 508 Standards

Mapping of WCAG 2.0 to Functional Performance Criteria

ICT Testing Baseline for Web Accessibility

Appendix A to Part 1194 – Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act: Application and Scoping Requirements

508 Chapter 1: Application and Administration

E101 General

E101.1 Purpose

These Revised 508 Standards, which consist of 508 Chapters 1 and 2 (Appendix A), along with Chapters 3 through 7 (Appendix C), contain scoping and technical requirements for information and communication technology (ICT) to ensure accessibility and usability by individuals with disabilities. Compliance with these standards is mandatory for Federal agencies subject to Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (29 U.S.C. 794d).

E101.2 Equivalent Facilitation

The use of an alternative design or technology that results in substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability by individuals with disabilities than would be provided by conformance to one or more of the requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 of the Revised 508 Standards is permitted. The functional performance criteria in Chapter 3 shall be used to determine whether substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability is provided to individuals with disabilities.

E101.3 Conventional Industry Tolerances

Dimensions are subject to conventional industry tolerances except where dimensions are stated as a range with specific minimum or maximum end points.

E101.4 Units of Measurement

Measurements are stated in metric and U.S. customary units. The values stated in each system (metric and U.S. customary units) may not be exact equivalents, and each system shall be used independently of the other.

E102 Referenced Standards

E102.1 Application

The specific editions of the standards listed in Chapter 7 are incorporated by reference into 508 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements) and Chapters 3 through 6 to the prescribed extent of each such reference. Where conflicts occur between the Revised 508 Standards and the referenced standards, these Revised 508 Standards apply.

E103 Definitions

E103.1 Terms Defined in Referenced Standards

Terms defined in referenced standards and not defined in E103.4 shall have the meaning as defined in the referenced standards.

E103.2 Undefined Terms

Any term not defined in E103.4 or in referenced standards shall be given its ordinarily accepted meaning in the sense that the context implies.

E103.3 Interchangeability

Words, terms, and phrases used in the singular include the plural and those used in the plural include the singular.

E103.4 Defined Terms

For the purpose of the Revised 508 Standards, the terms defined in E103.4 have the indicated meaning.

Agency

Any agency or department of the United States as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502, and the United States Postal Service.

Alteration

A change to existing ICT that affects interoperability, the user interface, or access to information or data.

Application.

Software designed to perform, or to help the user to perform, a specific task or tasks.

Assistive Technology (AT)

Any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.

Audio Description.

Narration added to the soundtrack to describe important visual details that cannot be understood from the main soundtrack alone. Audio description is a means to inform individuals who are blind or who have low vision about visual content essential for comprehension. Audio description of video provides information about actions, characters, scene changes, on-screen text, and other visual content. Audio description supplements the regular audio track of a program. Audio description is usually added during existing pauses in dialogue. Audio description is also called “video description” and “descriptive narration”.

Authoring Tool

Any software, or collection of software components, that can be used by authors, alone or collaboratively, to create or modify content for use by others, including other authors.

Closed Functionality

Characteristics that limit functionality or prevent a user from attaching or installing assistive technology. Examples of ICT with closed functionality are self-service machines, information kiosks, set-top boxes, fax machines, calculators, and computers that are locked down so that users may not adjust settings due to a policy such as Desktop Core Configuration.

Content

Electronic information and data, as well as the encoding that defines its structure, presentation, and interactions.

Document

Logically distinct assembly of content (such as a file, set of files, or streamed media) that: functions as a single entity rather than a collection; is not part of software; and does not include its own software to retrieve and present content for users. Examples of documents include, but are not limited to, letters, email messages, spreadsheets, presentations, podcasts, images, and movies.

Existing ICT

ICT that has been procured, maintained or used on or before January 18, 2018.

Hardware

A tangible device, equipment, or physical component of ICT, such as telephones, computers, multifunction copy machines, and keyboards.

Information Technology

Shall have the same meaning as the term “information technology” set forth in 40 U.S.C. 11101(6).

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Information technology and other equipment, systems, technologies, or processes, for which the principal function is the creation, manipulation, storage, display, receipt, or transmission of electronic data and information, as well as any associated content. Examples of ICT include, but are not limited to: computers and peripheral equipment; information kiosks and transaction machines; telecommunications equipment; customer premises equipment; multifunction office machines; software; applications; Web sites; videos; and, electronic documents.

Keyboard

A set of systematically arranged alphanumeric keys or a control that generates alphanumeric input by which a machine or device is operated. A keyboard includes tactilely discernible keys used in conjunction with the alphanumeric keys if their function maps to keys on the keyboard interfaces.

Label

Text, or a component with a text alternative, that is presented to a user to identify content. A label is presented to all users, whereas a name may be hidden and only exposed by assistive technology. In many cases, the name and the label are the same.

A set of selectable options.

Name

Text by which software can identify a component to the user. A name may be hidden and only exposed by assistive technology, whereas a label is presented to all users. In many cases, the label and the name are the same. Name is unrelated to the name attribute in HTML.

Non-Web Document

A document that is not: a Web page, embedded in a Web page, or used in the rendering or functioning of Web pages.

Non-Web Software

Software that is not: a Web page, not embedded in a Web page, and not used in the rendering or functioning of Web pages.

Operable Part

Hardware-based user controls for activating, deactivating, or adjusting ICT.

Platform Accessibility Services

Services provided by a platform enabling interoperability with assistive technology. Examples are Application Programming Interfaces (API) and the Document Object Model (DOM).

Platform Software

Software that interacts with hardware or provides services for other software. Platform software may run or host other software, and may isolate them from underlying software or hardware layers. A single software component may have both platform and non-platform aspects. Examples of platforms are: desktop operating systems; embedded operating systems, including mobile systems; Web browsers; plug-ins to Web browsers that render a particular media or format; and sets of components that allow other applications to execute, such as applications which support macros or scripting.

Programmatically Determinable

Ability to be determined by software from author-supplied data that is provided in a way that different user agents, including assistive technologies, can extract and present the information to users in different modalities.

Public Facing

Content made available by an agency to members of the general public. Examples include, but are not limited to, an agency Web site, blog post, or social media pages.

Real-Time Text (RTT)

Communications using the transmission of text by which characters are transmitted by a terminal as they are typed. Real-time text is used for conversational purposes. Real-time text also may be used in voicemail, interactive voice response systems, and other similar application.

Revised 508 Standards

The standards for ICT developed, procured, maintained, or used by agencies subject to Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act as set forth in 508 Chapters 1 and 2 (36 CFR part 1194, Appendix A), and Chapters 3 through 7 (36 CFR part 1194, Appendix C).

Software

Programs, procedures, rules, and related data and documentation that direct the use and operation of ICT and instruct it to perform a given task or function. Software includes, but is not limited to, applications, non-Web software, and platform software.

Software Tools

Software for which the primary function is the development of other software. Software tools usually come in the form of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and are a suite of related products and utilities. Examples of IDEs include Microsoft® Visual Studio®, Apple® Xcode®, and Eclipse Foundation Eclipse®.

Telecommunications

The signal transmission, between or among points specified by the user, of information of the user’s choosing, without change in the form or content of the information as sent and received.

Terminal

Device or software with which the end user directly interacts and that provides the user interface. For some systems, the software that provides the user interface may reside on more than one device such as a telephone and a server.

Text

A sequence of characters that can be programmatically determined and that expresses something in human language.

TTY

Equipment that enables interactive text based communications through the transmission of frequency-shift-keying audio tones across the public switched telephone network. TTYs include devices for real-time text communications and voice and text intermixed communications. Examples of intermixed communications are voice carry over and hearing carry over. One example of a TTY is a computer with TTY emulating software and modem.

Variable Message Signs (VMS)

Non-interactive electronic signs with scrolling, streaming, or paging-down capability. An example of a VMS is an electronic message board at a transit station that displays the gate and time information associated with the next train arrival.

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

A technology that provides real-time voice communications. VoIP requires a broadband connection from the user��s location and customer premises equipment compatible with Internet protocol.

Web page

A non-embedded resource obtained from a single Universal Resource Identifier (URI) using HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) plus any other resources that are provided for the rendering, retrieval, and presentation of content.

508 Chapter 2: Scoping Requirements

E201 Application

E201.1 Scope

ICT that is procured, developed, maintained, or used by agencies shall conform to the Revised 508 Standards.

E202 General Exceptions

E202.1 General

ICT shall be exempt from compliance with the Revised 508 Standards to the extent specified by E202.

E202.2 Legacy ICT

Any component or portion of existing ICT that complies with an earlier standard issued pursuant to Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (as republished in Appendix D), and that has not been altered on or after January 18, 2018, shall not be required to be modified to conform to the Revised 508 Standards.

E202.3 National Security Systems

The Revised 508 Standards do not apply to ICT operated by agencies as part of a national security system, as defined by 40 U.S.C. 11103(a).

E202.4 Federal Contracts

ICT acquired by a contractor incidental to a contract shall not be required to conform to the Revised 508 Standards.

E202.5 ICT Functions Located in Maintenance or Monitoring Spaces

Where status indicators and operable parts for ICT functions are located in spaces that are frequented only by service personnel for maintenance, repair, or occasional monitoring of equipment, such status indicators and operable parts shall not be required to conform to the Revised 508 Standards.

E202.6 Undue Burden or Fundamental Alteration

Where an agency determines in accordance with E202.6 that conformance to requirements in the Revised 508 Standards would impose an undue burden or would result in a fundamental alteration in the nature of the ICT, conformance shall be required only to the extent that it does not impose an undue burden, or result in a fundamental alteration in the nature of the ICT.

E202.6.1 Basis for a Determination of Undue Burden

In determining whether conformance to requirements in the Revised 508 Standards would impose an undue burden on the agency, the agency shall consider the extent to which conformance would impose significant difficulty or expense considering the agency resources available to the program or component for which the ICT is to be procured, developed, maintained, or used.

E202.6.2 Required Documentation

The responsible agency official shall document in writing the basis for determining that conformance to requirements in the Revised 508 Standards constitute an undue burden on the agency, or would result in a fundamental alteration in the nature of the ICT. The documentation shall include an explanation of why and to what extent compliance with applicable requirements would create an undue burden or result in a fundamental alteration in the nature of the ICT.

E202.6.3 Alternative Means

Where conformance to one or more requirements in the Revised 508 Standards imposes an undue burden or a fundamental alteration in the nature of the ICT, the agency shall provide individuals with disabilities access to and use of information and data by an alternative means that meets identified needs.

E202.7 Best Meets

Where ICT conforming to one or more requirements in the Revised 508 Standards is not commercially available, the agency shall procure the ICT that best meets the Revised 508 Standards consistent with the agency’s business needs.

E202.7.1 Required Documentation

The responsible agency official shall document in writing: (a) the non-availability of conforming ICT, including a description of market research performed and which provisions cannot be met, and (b) the basis for determining that the ICT to be procured best meets the requirements in the Revised 508 Standards consistent with the agency’s business needs.

E202.7.2 Alternative Means

Where ICT that fully conforms to the Revised 508 Standards is not commercially available, the agency shall provide individuals with disabilities access to and use of information and data by an alternative means that meets identified needs.

E203 Access to Functionality

E203.1 General

Agencies shall ensure that all functionality of ICT is accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, either directly or by supporting the use of assistive technology, and shall comply with E203. In providing access to all functionality of ICT, agencies shall ensure the following:

That Federal employees with disabilities have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to the access and use by Federal employees who are not individuals with disabilities; and

That members of the public with disabilities who are seeking information or data from a Federal agency have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to that provided to members of the public who are not individuals with disabilities.

E203.2 User Needs

When agencies procure, develop, maintain or use ICT they shall identify the needs of users with disabilities to determine:

How users with disabilities will perform the functions supported by the ICT; and

How the ICT will be developed, installed, configured, and maintained to support users with disabilities.

E204 Functional Performance Criteria

E204.1 General

Where the requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 do not address one or more functions of ICT, the functions not addressed shall conform to the Functional Performance Criteria specified in Chapter 3.

E205 Electronic Content

E205.1 General

Electronic content shall comply with E205.

E205.2 Public Facing

Electronic content that is public facing shall conform to the accessibility requirements specified in E205.4.

E205.3 Agency Official Communication

Electronic content that is not public facing shall conform to the accessibility requirements specified in E205.4 when such content constitutes official business and is communicated by an agency through one or more of the following:

An emergency notification;

An initial or final decision adjudicating an administrative claim or proceeding;

An internal or external program or policy announcement;

A notice of benefits, program eligibility, employment opportunity, or personnel action;

A formal acknowledgement of receipt;

A survey questionnaire;

A template or form;

Educational or training materials; or

Intranet content designed as a Web page.

EXCEPTION: Records maintained by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) pursuant to Federal recordkeeping statutes shall not be required to conform to the Revised 508 Standards unless public facing.

E205.4 Accessibility Standard

Electronic content shall conform to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1).

EXCEPTION: Non-Web documents shall not be required to conform to the following four WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria: 2.4.1 Bypass Blocks, 2.4.5 Multiple Ways, 3.2.3 Consistent Navigation, and 3.2.4 Consistent Identification.

E205.4.1 Word Substitution when Applying WCAG to Non-Web Documents

For non-Web documents, wherever the term “Web page” or “page” appears in WCAG 2.0 Level A and AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements, the term “document” shall be substituted for the terms “Web page” and “page”. In addition, in Success Criterion in 1.4.2, the phrase “in a document” shall be substituted for the phrase “on a Web page”.

E206 Hardware

E206.1 General

Where components of ICT are hardware and transmit information or have a user interface, such components shall conform to the requirements in Chapter 4.

E207 Software

E207.1 General

Where components of ICT are software and transmit information or have a user interface, such components shall conform to E207 and the requirements in Chapter 5.

EXCEPTION: Software that is assistive technology and that supports the accessibility services of the platform shall not be required to conform to the requirements in Chapter 5.

E207.2 WCAG Conformance

User interface components, as well as the content of platforms and applications, shall conform to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1).

EXCEPTIONS:

Software that is assistive technology and that supports the accessibility services of the platform shall not be required to conform to E207.2.

Non-Web software shall not be required to conform to the following four Success Criteria in WCAG 2.0: 2.4.1 Bypass Blocks; 2.4.5 Multiple Ways; 3.2.3 Consistent Navigation; and 3.2.4 Consistent Identification.

Non-Web software shall not be required to conform to Conformance Requirement 3 Complete Processes in WCAG 2.0.

E207.2.1 Word Substitution when Applying WCAG to Non-Web Software

For non-Web software, wherever the term “Web page” or “page” appears in WCAG 2.0 Level A and AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements, the term “software” shall be substituted for the terms “Web page” and “page”. In addition, in Success Criterion in 1.4.2, the phrase “in software” shall be substituted for the phrase “on a Web page.”

E207.3 Complete Processes for Non-Web Software

Where non-Web software requires multiple steps to accomplish an activity, all software related to the activity to be accomplished shall conform to WCAG 2.0 as specified in E207.2.

E208 Support Documentation and Services

E208.1 General

Where an agency provides support documentation or services for ICT, such documentation and services shall conform to the requirements in Chapter 6.

Appendix B to Part 1194 – Section 255 of the Communications Act: Application and Scoping Requirements

255 Chapter 1: Application and Administration

C101 General

C101.1 Purpose

These Revised 255 Guidelines, which consist of 255 Chapters 1 and 2 (Appendix B), along with Chapters 3 through 7 (Appendix C), contain scoping and technical requirements for the design, development, and fabrication of telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment, content, and support documentation and services, to ensure accessibility and usability by individuals with disabilities. These Revised 255 Guidelines are to be applied to the extent required by regulations issued by the Federal Communications Commission under Section 255 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (47 U.S.C. 255).

C101.2 Equivalent Facilitation

The use of an alternative design or technology that results in substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability by individuals with disabilities than would be provided by conformance to one or more of the requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 of the Revised 255 Guidelines is permitted. The functional performance criteria in Chapter 3 shall be used to determine whether substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability is provided to individuals with disabilities.

C101.3 Conventional Industry Tolerances

Dimensions are subject to conventional industry tolerances except where dimensions are stated as a range with specific minimum or maximum end points.

C101.4 Units of Measurement

C102 Referenced Standards

C102.1 Application

The specific editions of the standards listed in Chapter 7 are incorporated by reference into 255 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements) and Chapters 3 through 6 to the prescribed extent of each such reference. Where conflicts occur between the Revised 255 Guidelines and the referenced standards, these Revised 255 Guidelines apply.

C103 Definitions

C103.1 Terms Defined in Referenced Standards

Terms defined in referenced standards and not defined in C103.4 shall have the meaning as defined in the referenced standards.

C103.2 Undefined Terms

Any term not defined in C103.4 or in referenced standards shall be given its ordinarily accepted meaning in the sense that the context implies.

C103.3 Interchangeability

Words, terms, and phrases used in the singular include the plural and those used in the plural include the singular.

C103.4 Defined Terms

For the purpose of the Revised 255 Guidelines, the terms defined in C103.4 have the indicated meaning.

Application

Software designed to perform, or to help the user perform, a specific task or tasks.

Assistive Technology (AT)

Audio Description

Authoring Tool

Any software, or collection of software components, that can be used by authors, alone or collaboratively, to create or modify content for use by others, including other authors.

Closed Functionality

Characteristics that limit functionality or prevent a user from attaching or installing assistive technology.

Content

Electronic information and data, as well as the encoding that defines its structure, presentation, and interactions.

Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)

Equipment used on the premises of a person (other than a carrier) to originate, route, or terminate telecommunications service or interconnected VoIP service, including software integral to the operation of telecommunications function of such equipment. Examples of CPE are telephones, routers, switches, residential gateways, set-top boxes, fixed mobile convergence products, home networking adaptors and Internet access gateways which enable consumers to access communications service providers’ services and distribute them around their house via a Local Access Network (LAN).

Document

Hardware

A tangible device, equipment, or physical component of ICT, such as telephones, computers, multifunction copy machines, and keyboards.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Keyboard

Label

Manufacturer

A final assembler of telecommunications equipment or customer premises equipment that sells such equipment to the public or to vendors that sell to the public.

A set of selectable options.

Name

Non-Web Document

A document that is not: a Web page, embedded in a Web page, or used in the rendering or functioning of Web pages.

Non-Web Software

Software that is not: a Web page, not embedded in a Web page, and not used in the rendering or functioning of Web pages.

Operable Part

Hardware-based user controls for activating, deactivating, or adjusting ICT.

Platform Accessibility Services

Services provided by a platform enabling interoperability with assistive technology. Examples are Application Programming Interfaces (API) and the Document Object Model (DOM).

Platform Software

Programmatically Determinable

Real-Time Text (RTT)

Revised 255 Guidelines

The guidelines for telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment covered by Section 255 of the Communications Act as set forth in 255 Chapters 1 and 2 (36 CFR part 1194, Appendix B), and Chapters 3 through 7 (36 CFR part 1193, Appendix C).

Software

Software Tools

Specialized Customer Premises Equipment

Assistive technology used by individuals with disabilities to originate, route, or terminate telecommunications or interconnected VoIP service. Examples are TTYs and amplified telephones.

Telecommunications

The signal transmission between or among points specified by the user of information and of the user’s choosing without change in the form or content of the information as sent and received.

Telecommunications Equipment

Equipment, other than customer premises equipment, used by a carrier to provide telecommunications service or interconnected VoIP service and includes software integral to the operation of telecommunications function of such equipment.

Terminal

Text

A sequence of characters that can be programmatically determined and that expresses something in human language.

TTY

Variable Message Signs (VMS)

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

A technology that provides real-time voice communications. VoIP requires a broadband connection from the user’s location and customer premises equipment compatible with Internet protocol.

Web page

255 Chapter 2: Scoping Requirements

C201 Application

C201.1 Scope

Manufacturers shall comply with the requirements in the Revised 255 Guidelines applicable to telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment (and related software integral to the operation of telecommunications functions) when newly released, upgraded, or substantially changed from an earlier version or model. Manufacturers shall also conform to the requirements in the Revised 255 Guidelines for support documentation and services, including electronic documents and Web-based product support.

C201.2. Readily Achievable

When a manufacturer determines that conformance to one or more requirements in Chapter 4 (Hardware) or Chapter 5 (Software) would not be readily achievable, it shall ensure that the equipment or software is compatible with existing peripheral devices or specialized customer premises equipment commonly used by individuals with disabilities to the extent readily achievable.

C201.3 Access to Functionality

Manufacturers shall ensure that telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment is accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities by providing direct access to all telecommunications functionality. Where manufacturers can demonstrate that it is not readily achievable for such equipment to provide direct access to all functionality, the equipment shall support the use of assistive technology and specialized customer premises equipment where readily achievable.

C201.4 Prohibited Reduction of Accessibility, Usability, and Compatibility

No change shall be undertaken that decreases, or has the effect of decreasing, the net accessibility, usability, or compatibility of telecommunications equipment or customer premises equipment.

EXCEPTION: Discontinuation of a product shall not be prohibited.

C201.5 Design, Development, and Fabrication

Manufacturers shall evaluate the accessibility, usability, and interoperability of telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment during its product design, development, and fabrication.

C202 Functional Performance Criteria

C202.1 General

Where the requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 do not address one or more functions of telecommunications or customer premises equipment, the functions not addressed shall conform to the Functional Performance Criteria specified in Chapter 3.

C203 Electronic Content

C203.1 General

Electronic content that is integral to the use of telecommunications or customer premises equipment shall conform to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1).

C203.1.1 Word Substitution when Applying WCAG to Non-Web Documents

For non-Web documents, wherever the term “Web page” or “page” appears in WCAG 2.0 Level A and AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements, the term “document’ shall be substituted for the terms “Web page” and “page.” In addition, in Success Criterion in 1.4.2, the phrase “in a document” shall be substituted for the phrase “on a Web page.”

C204 Hardware

C204.1 General

Where components of telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment are hardware, and transmit information or have a user interface, those components shall conform to applicable requirements in Chapter 4.

EXCEPTION: Components of telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment shall not be required to conform to 402, 407.7, 407.8, 408, 412.8.4, and 415.

C205 Software

C205.1 General

Where software is integral to the use of telecommunications functions of telecommunications equipment or customer premises equipment and has a user interface, such software shall conform to C205 and applicable requirements in Chapter 5.

EXCEPTION: Software that is assistive technology and that supports the accessibility services of the platform shall not be required to conform to the requirements in Chapter 5.

C205.2 WCAG Conformance

User interface components, as well as the content of platforms and applications shall conform to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1).

EXCEPTIONS:

Software that is assistive technology and that supports the accessibility services of the platform shall not be required to conform to C205.2.

Non-Web software shall not be required to conform to Conformance Requirement 3 Complete Processes in WCAG 2.0.

C205.2.1 Word Substitution when Applying WCAG to Non-Web Software

For non-Web software, wherever the term “Web page” or “page” appears in WCAG 2.0 Level A and AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements, the term “software” shall be substituted for the terms “Web page” and “page.” In addition, in Success Criterion 1.4.2, the phrase “in software” shall be substituted for the phrase “on a Web page.”

C205.3 Complete Processes for Non-Web Software

Where non-Web software requires multiple steps to accomplish an activity, all software related to the activity to be accomplished shall conform to WCAG 2.0 as specified in C205.2.

C206 Support Documentation and Services

C206.1 General

Where support documentation and services are provided for telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment, manufacturers shall ensure that such documentation and services conform to Chapter 6 and are made available upon request at no additional charge.

Appendix C to Part 1194 – Functional Performance Criteria and Technical Requirements

Chapter 3: Functional Performance Criteria

301 General

301.1 Scope

The requirements of Chapter 3 shall apply to ICT where required by 508 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), 255 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), and where otherwise referenced in any other chapter of the Revised 508 Standards or Revised 255 Guidelines.

302 Functional Performance Criteria

302.1 Without Vision

Where a visual mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that does not require user vision.

302.2 With Limited Vision

Where a visual mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that enables users to make use of limited vision.

302.3 Without Perception of Color

Where a visual mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one visual mode of operation that does not require user perception of color.

302.4 Without Hearing

Where an audible mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that does not require user hearing.

302.5 With Limited Hearing

Where an audible mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that enables users to make use of limited hearing.

302.6 Without Speech

Where speech is used for input, control, or operation, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that does not require user speech.

302.7 With Limited Manipulation

Where a manual mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that does not require fine motor control or simultaneous manual operations.

302.8 With Limited Reach and Strength

Where a manual mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that is operable with limited reach and limited strength.

302.9 With Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities

ICT shall provide features making its use by individuals with limited cognitive, language, and learning abilities simpler and easier.

Chapter 4: Hardware

401 General

401.1 Scope

The requirements of Chapter 4 shall apply to ICT that is hardware where required by 508 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), 255 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), and where otherwise referenced in any other chapter of the Revised 508 Standards or Revised 255 Guidelines.

EXCEPTION: Hardware that is assistive technology shall not be required to conform to the requirements of this chapter.

402 Closed Functionality

402.1 General

ICT with closed functionality shall be operable without requiring the user to attach or install assistive technology other than personal headsets or other audio couplers, and shall conform to 402.

402.2 Speech-Output Enabled

ICT with a display screen shall be speech-output enabled for full and independent use by individuals with vision impairments.

EXCEPTIONS:

Variable message signs conforming to 402.5 shall not be required to be speech-output enabled.

Speech output shall not be required where ICT display screens only provide status indicators and those indicators conform to 409.

Where speech output cannot be supported due to constraints in available memory or processor capability, ICT shall be permitted to conform to 409 in lieu of 402.2.

Audible tones shall be permitted instead of speech output where the content of user input is not displayed as entered for security purposes, including, but not limited to, asterisks representing personal identification numbers.

Speech output shall not be required for: the machine location; date and time of transaction; customer account number; and the machine identifier or label.

Speech output shall not be required for advertisements and other similar information unless they convey information that can be used for the transaction being conducted.

402.2.1 Information Displayed On-Screen

Speech output shall be provided for all information displayed on-screen.

402.2.2 Transactional Outputs

Where transactional outputs are provided, the speech output shall audibly provide all information necessary to verify a transaction.

402.2.3 Speech Delivery Type and Coordination

Speech output shall be delivered through a mechanism that is readily available to all users, including, but not limited to, an industry standard connector or a telephone handset. Speech shall be recorded or digitized human, or synthesized. Speech output shall be coordinated with information displayed on the screen.

402.2.4 User Control

Speech output for any single function shall be automatically interrupted when a transaction is selected. Speech output shall be capable of being repeated and paused.

402.2.5 Braille Instructions

Where speech output is required by 402.2, braille instructions for initiating the speech mode of operation shall be provided. Braille shall be contracted and shall conform to 36 CFR part 1191, Appendix D, Section 703.3.1.

EXCEPTION: Devices for personal use shall not be required to conform to 402.2.5.

402.3 Volume

ICT that delivers sound, including speech output required by 402.2, shall provide volume control and output amplification conforming to 402.3.

EXCEPTION: ICT conforming to 412.2 shall not be required to conform to 402.3.

402.3.1 Private Listening

Where ICT provides private listening, it shall provide a mode of operation for controlling the volume. Where ICT delivers output by an audio transducer typically held up to the ear, a means for effective magnetic wireless coupling to hearing technologies shall be provided.

402.3.2 Non-private Listening

Where ICT provides non-private listening, incremental volume control shall be provided with output amplification up to a level of at least 65 dB. A function shall be provided to automatically reset the volume to the default level after every use.

402.4 Characters on Display Screens

At least one mode of characters displayed on the screen shall be in a sans serif font. Where ICT does not provide a screen enlargement feature, characters shall be 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) high minimum based on the uppercase letter “I”. Characters shall contrast with their background with either light characters on a dark background or dark characters on a light background.

402.5 Characters on Variable Message Signs

Characters on variable message signs shall conform to section 703.7 Variable Message Signs of ICC A117.1-2009 (incorporated by reference, see 702.6.1).

403 Biometrics

403.1 General

Where provided, biometrics shall not be the only means for user identification or control.

EXCEPTION: Where at least two biometric options that use different biological characteristics are provided, ICT shall be permitted to use biometrics as the only means for user identification or control.

404 Preservation of Information Provided for Accessibility

404.1 General

ICT that transmits or converts information or communication shall not remove non-proprietary information provided for accessibility or shall restore it upon delivery.

405 Privacy

405.1 General

The same degree of privacy of input and output shall be provided to all individuals. When speech output required by 402.2 is enabled, the screen shall not blank automatically.

406 Standard Connections

406.1 General

Where data connections used for input and output are provided, at least one of each type of connection shall conform to industry standard non-proprietary formats.

407 Operable Parts

407.1 General

Where provided, operable parts used in the normal operation of ICT shall conform to 407.

407.2 Contrast

Where provided, keys and controls shall contrast visually from background surfaces. Characters and symbols shall contrast visually from background surfaces with either light characters or symbols on a dark background or dark characters or symbols on a light background.

407.3 Input Controls

At least one input control conforming to 407.3 shall be provided for each function.

EXCEPTION: Devices for personal use with input controls that are audibly discernable without activation and operable by touch shall not be required to conform to 407.3.

407.3.1 Tactilely Discernible

Input controls shall be operable by touch and tactilely discernible without activation.

407.3.2 Alphabetic Keys

Where provided, individual alphabetic keys shall be arranged in a QWERTY-based keyboard layout and the “F” and “J” keys shall be tactilely distinct from the other keys.

407.3.3 Numeric Keys

Where provided, numeric keys shall be arranged in a 12-key ascending or descending keypad layout. The number five key shall be tactilely distinct from the other keys. Where the ICT provides an alphabetic overlay on numeric keys, the relationships between letters and digits shall conform to ITU-T Recommendation E.161 (incorporated by reference, see 702.7.1).

407.4 Key Repeat

Where a keyboard with key repeat is provided, the delay before the key repeat feature is activated shall be fixed at, or adjustable to, 2 seconds minimum.

407.5 Timed Response

Where a timed response is required, the user shall be alerted visually, as well as by touch or sound, and shall be given the opportunity to indicate that more time is needed.

407.6 Operation

At least one mode of operation shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate operable parts shall be 5 pounds (22.2 N) maximum.

407.7 Tickets, Fare Cards, and Keycards

Where tickets, fare cards, or keycards are provided, they shall have an orientation that is tactilely discernible if orientation is important to further use of the ticket, fare card, or keycard.

407.8 Reach Height and Depth

At least one of each type of operable part of stationary ICT shall be at a height conforming to 407.8.2 or 407.8.3 according to its position established by the vertical reference plane specified in 407.8.1 for a side reach or a forward reach. Operable parts used with speech output required by 402.2 shall not be the only type of operable part complying with 407.8 unless that part is the only operable part of its type.

407.8.1 Vertical Reference Plane

Operable parts shall be positioned for a side reach or a forward reach determined with respect to a vertical reference plane. The vertical reference plane shall be located in conformance to 407.8.2 or 407.8.3.

407.8.1.1 Vertical Plane for Side Reach

Where a side reach is provided, the vertical reference plane shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum.

graphical representation of dimensions for vertical plane side reach

407.8.1.2 Vertical Plane for Forward Reach

Where a forward reach is provided, the vertical reference plane shall be 30 inches (760 mm) long minimum.

graphical representation of dimensions for vertical plane forward reach

407.8.2 Side Reach

Operable parts of ICT providing a side reach shall conform to 407.8.2.1 or 407.8.2.2. The vertical reference plane shall be centered on the operable part and placed at the leading edge of the maximum protrusion of the ICT within the length of the vertical reference plane. Where a side reach requires a reach over a portion of the ICT, the height of that portion of the ICT shall be 34 inches (865 mm) maximum.

407.8.2.1 Unobstructed Side Reach

Where the operable part is located 10 inches (255 mm) or less beyond the vertical reference plane, the operable part shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) high maximum and 15 inches (380 mm) high minimum above the floor.

graphical representation of dimensions for unobstructed side reach

407.8.2.2 Obstructed Side Reach

Where the operable part is located more than 10 inches (255 mm), but not more than 24 inches (610 mm), beyond the vertical reference plane, the height of the operable part shall be 46 inches (1170 mm) high maximum and 15 inches (380 mm) high minimum above the floor. The operable part shall not be located more than 24 inches (610 mm) beyond the vertical reference plane.

graphical representation of dimensions for obstructed side reach

407.8.3 Forward Reach

Operable parts of ICT providing a forward reach shall conform to 407.8.3.1 or 407.8.3.2. The vertical reference plane shall be centered, and intersect with, the operable part. Where a forward reach allows a reach over a portion of the ICT, the height of that portion of the ICT shall be 34 inches (865 mm) maximum.

407.8.3.1 Unobstructed Forward Reach

Where the operable part is located at the leading edge of the maximum protrusion within the length of the vertical reference plane of the ICT, the operable part shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) high maximum and 15 inches (380 mm) high minimum above the floor.

graphical representation of dimensions for unobstructed forward reach

407.8.3.2 Obstructed Forward Reach

Where the operable part is located beyond the leading edge of the maximum protrusion within the length of the vertical reference plane, the operable part shall conform to 407.8.3.2. The maximum allowable forward reach to an operable part shall be 25 inches (635 mm).

graphical representation of dimensions for obstructed forward reach

407.8.3.2.1 Operable Part Height for ICT with Obstructed Forward Reach

The height of the operable part shall conform to Table 407.8.3.2.1.

Table 407.8.3.2.1 Operable Part Height for ICT with Obstructed Forward Reach Reach Depth Operable Part Height

Less than 20 inches (510 mm) 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum

20 inches (510 mm) to 25 inches (635 mm) 44 inches (1120 mm) maximum

graphical representation of dimensions for operable part height for obstructed forward reach

407.8.3.2.2 Knee and Toe Space under ICT with Obstructed Forward Reach

Knee and toe space under ICT shall be 27 inches (685 mm) high minimum, 25 inches (635 mm) deep maximum, and 30 inches (760 mm) wide minimum and shall be clear of obstructions.

graphical representation of dimensions for knee and toe space for obstructed forward reach

EXCEPTIONS:

Toe space shall be permitted to provide a clear height of 9 inches (230 mm) minimum above the floor and a clear depth of 6 inches (150 mm) maximum from the vertical reference plane toward the leading edge of the ICT.

graphical representation of dimensions for knee and toe space for obstructed forward reach exception one

At a depth of 6 inches (150 mm) maximum from the vertical reference plane toward the leading edge of the ICT, space between 9 inches (230 mm) and 27 inches (685 mm) minimum above the floor shall be permitted to reduce at a rate of 1 inch (25 mm) in depth for every 6 inches (150 mm) in height.

graphical representation of dimensions for knee and toe space for obstructed forward reach exception two

Supplemental graphic combining both Exceptions 1 and 2:

graphical representation of dimensions for knee and toe space for obstructed forward reach exceptions one and two

408 Display Screens

408.1 General

Where provided, display screens shall conform to 408.

408.2 Visibility

Where stationary ICT provides one or more display screens, at least one of each type of display screen shall be visible from a point located 40 inches (1015 mm) above the floor space where the display screen is viewed.

408.3 Flashing

Where ICT emits lights in flashes, there shall be no more than three flashes in any one-second period.

EXCEPTION: Flashes that do not exceed the general flash and red flash thresholds defined in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1) are not required to conform to 408.3.

409 Status Indicators

409.1 General

Where provided, status indicators shall be discernible visually and by touch or sound.

410 Color Coding

410.1 General

Where provided, color coding shall not be used as the only means of conveying information, indicating an action, prompting a response, or distinguishing a visual element.

411 Audible Signals

411.1 General

Where provided, audible signals or cues shall not be used as the only means of conveying information, indicating an action, or prompting a response

412 ICT with Two-Way Voice Communication

412.1 General

ICT that provides two-way voice communication shall conform to 412.

412.2 Volume Gain

ICT that provides two-way voice communication shall conform to 412.2.1 or 412.2.2.

412.2.1 Volume Gain for Wireline Telephones

Volume gain conforming to 47 CFR 68.317 shall be provided on analog and digital wireline telephones.

412.2.2 Volume Gain for Non-Wireline ICT

A method for increasing volume shall be provided for non-wireline ICT.

412.3 Interference Reduction and Magnetic Coupling

Where ICT delivers output by a handset or other type of audio transducer that is typically held up to the ear, ICT shall reduce interference with hearing technologies and provide a means for effective magnetic wireless coupling in conformance with 412.3.1 or 412.3.2.

412.3.1 Wireless Handsets

ICT in the form of wireless handsets shall conform to ANSI/IEEE C63.19-2011 (incorporated by reference, see 702.5.1).

412.3.2 Wireline Handsets

ICT in the form of wireline handsets, including cordless handsets, shall conform to TIA-1083-B (incorporated by reference, see702.9.1).

412.4 Digital Encoding of Speech

ICT in IP-based networks shall transmit and receive speech that is digitally encoded in the manner specified by ITU-T Recommendation G.722.2 (incorporated by reference, see 702.7.2) or IETF RFC 6716 (incorporated by reference, see 702.8.1).

412.5 Real-Time Text Functionality

[Reserved].

412.6 Caller ID

Where provided, caller identification and similar telecommunications functions shall be visible and audible.

412.7 Video Communication

Where ICT provides real-time video functionality, the quality of the video shall be sufficient to support communication using sign language.

412.8 Legacy TTY Support

ICT equipment or systems with two-way voice communication that do not themselves provide TTY functionality shall conform to 412.8.

412.8.1 TTY Connectability

ICT shall include a standard non-acoustic connection point for TTYs.

412.8.2 Voice and Hearing Carry Over

ICT shall provide a microphone capable of being turned on and off to allow the user to intermix speech with TTY use.

412.8.3 Signal Compatibility

ICT shall support all commonly used cross-manufacturer non-proprietary standard TTY signal protocols where the system interoperates with the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).

412.8.4 Voice Mail and Other Messaging Systems

Where provided, voice mail, auto-attendant, interactive voice response, and caller identification systems shall be usable with a TTY.

413 Closed Caption Processing Technologies

413.1 General

Where ICT displays or processes video with synchronized audio, ICT shall provide closed caption processing technology that conforms to 413.1.1 or 413.1.2.

413.1.1 Decoding and Display of Closed Captions

Players and displays shall decode closed caption data and support display of captions.

413.1.2 Pass-Through of Closed Caption Data

Cabling and ancillary equipment shall pass through caption data.

414 Audio Description Processing Technologies

414.1 General

Where ICT displays or processes video with synchronized audio, ICT shall provide audio description processing technology conforming to 414.1.1 or 414.1.2.

414.1.1 Digital Television Tuners

Digital television tuners shall provide audio description processing that conforms to ATSC A/53 Digital Television Standard, Part 5 (2014) (incorporated by reference, see 702.2.1). Digital television tuners shall provide processing of audio description when encoded as a Visually Impaired (VI) associated audio service that is provided as a complete program mix containing audio description according to the ATSC A/53 standard.

414.1.2 Other ICT

ICT other than digital television tuners shall provide audio description processing.

415 User Controls for Captions and Audio Descriptions

415.1 General

Where ICT displays video with synchronized audio, ICT shall provide user controls for closed captions and audio descriptions conforming to 415.1.

EXCEPTION: Devices for personal use shall not be required to conform to 415.1 provided that captions and audio descriptions can be enabled through system-wide platform settings.

415.1.1 Caption Controls

Where ICT provides operable parts for volume control, ICT shall also provide operable parts for caption selection.

415.1.2 Audio Description Controls

Where ICT provides operable parts for program selection, ICT shall also provide operable parts for the selection of audio description.

Chapter 5: Software

501 General

501.1 Scope

The requirements of Chapter 5 shall apply to software where required by 508 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), 255 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), and where otherwise referenced in any other chapter of the Revised 508 Standards or Revised 255 Guidelines.

EXCEPTION: Where Web applications do not have access to platform accessibility services and do not include components that have access to platform accessibility services, they shall not be required to conform to 502 or 503 provided that they conform to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1).

502 Interoperability with Assistive Technology

502.1 General

Software shall interoperate with assistive technology and shall conform to 502.

EXCEPTION: ICT conforming to 402 shall not be required to conform to 502.

502.2 Documented Accessibility Features

Software with platform features defined in platform documentation as accessibility features shall conform to 502.2.

502.2.1 User Control of Accessibility Features

Platform software shall provide user control over platform features that are defined in the platform documentation as accessibility features.

502.2.2 No Disruption of Accessibility Features

Software shall not disrupt platform features that are defined in the platform documentation as accessibility features.

502.3 Accessibility Services

Platform software and software tools that are provided by the platform developer shall provide a documented set of accessibility services that support applications running on the platform to interoperate with assistive technology and shall conform to 502.3. Applications that are also platforms shall expose the underlying platform accessibility services or implement other documented accessibility services.

502.3.1 Object Information

The object role, state(s), properties, boundary, name, and description shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.2 Modification of Object Information

States and properties that can be set by the user shall be capable of being set programmatically, including through assistive technology.

502.3.3 Row, Column, and Headers

If an object is in a data table, the occupied rows and columns, and any headers associated with those rows or columns, shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.4 Values

Any current value(s), and any set or range of allowable values associated with an object, shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.5 Modification of Values

Values that can be set by the user shall be capable of being set programmatically, including through assistive technology.

502.3.6 Label Relationships

Any relationship that a component has as a label for another component, or of being labeled by another component, shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.7 Hierarchical Relationships

Any hierarchical (parent-child) relationship that a component has as a container for, or being contained by, another component shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.8 Text

The content of text objects, text attributes, and the boundary of text rendered to the screen, shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.9 Modification of Text

Text that can be set by the user shall be capable of being set programmatically, including through assistive technology.

502.3.10 List of Actions

A list of all actions that can be executed on an object shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.11 Actions on Objects

Applications shall allow assistive technology to programmatically execute available actions on objects.

502.3.12 Focus Cursor

Applications shall expose information and mechanisms necessary to track focus, text insertion point, and selection attributes of user interface components.

502.3.13 Modification of Focus Cursor

Focus, text insertion point, and selection attributes that can be set by the user shall be capable of being set programmatically, including through the use of assistive technology.

502.3.14 Event Notification

Notification of events relevant to user interactions, including but not limited to, changes in the component’s state(s), value, name, description, or boundary, shall be available to assistive technology.

502.4 Platform Accessibility Features

Platforms and platform software shall conform to the requirements in ANSI/HFES 200.2, Human Factors Engineering of Software User Interfaces — Part 2: Accessibility (2008) (incorporated by reference, see 702.4.1) listed below:

Section 9.3.3 Enable sequential entry of multiple (chorded) keystrokes;

Section 9.3.4 Provide adjustment of delay before key acceptance;

Section 9.3.5 Provide adjustment of same-key double-strike acceptance;

Section 10.6.7 Allow users to choose visual alternative for audio output;

Section 10.6.8 Synchronize audio equivalents for visual events;

Section 10.6.9 Provide speech output services; and

Section 10.7.1 Display any captions provided.

503 Applications

503.1 General

Applications shall conform to 503.

503.2 User Preferences

Applications shall permit user preferences from platform settings for color, contrast, font type, font size, and focus cursor.

EXCEPTION: Applications that are designed to be isolated from their underlying platform software, including Web applications, shall not be required to conform to 503.2.

503.3 Alternative User Interfaces

Where an application provides an alternative user interface that functions as assistive technology, the application shall use platform and other industry standard accessibility services.

503.4 User Controls for Captions and Audio Description

Where ICT displays video with synchronized audio, ICT shall provide user controls for closed captions and audio descriptions conforming to 503.4.

503.4.1 Caption Controls

Where user controls are provided for volume adjustment, ICT shall provide user controls for the selection of captions at the same menu level as the user controls for volume or program selection.

503.4.2 Audio Description Controls

Where user controls are provided for program selection, ICT shall provide user controls for the selection of audio descriptions at the same menu level as the user controls for volume or program selection.

504 Authoring Tools

504.1 General

Where an application is an authoring tool, the application shall conform to 504 to the extent that information required for accessibility is supported by the destination format.

504.2 Content Creation or Editing

Authoring tools shall provide a mode of operation to create or edit content that conforms to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1) for all supported features and, as applicable, to file formats supported by the authoring tool. Authoring tools shall permit authors the option of overriding information required for accessibility.

EXCEPTION: Authoring tools shall not be required to conform to 504.2 when used to directly edit plain text source code.

504.2.1 Preservation of Information Provided for Accessibility in Format Conversion

Authoring tools shall, when converting content from one format to another or saving content in multiple formats, preserve the information required for accessibility to the extent that the information is supported by the destination format.

504.2.2 PDF Export

Authoring tools capable of exporting PDF files that conform to ISO 32000-1:2008 (PDF 1.7) shall also be capable of exporting PDF files that conform to ANSI/AIIM/ISO 14289-1:2016 (PDF/UA-1) (incorporated by reference, see 702.3.1).

504.3 Prompts

Authoring tools shall provide a mode of operation that prompts authors to create content that conforms to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1) for supported features and, as applicable, to file formats supported by the authoring tool.

504.4 Templates

Where templates are provided, templates allowing content creation that conforms to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1) shall be provided for a range of template uses for supported features and, as applicable, to file formats supported by the authoring tool.

Chapter 6: Support Documentation and Services

601 General

601.1 Scope

The technical requirements in Chapter 6 shall apply to ICT support documentation and services where required by 508 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), 255 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), and where otherwise referenced in any other chapter of the Revised 508 Standards or Revised 255 Guidelines.

602 Support Documentation

602.1 General

Documentation that supports the use of ICT shall conform to 602.

602.2 Accessibility and Compatibility Features

Documentation shall list and explain how to use the accessibility and compatibility features required by Chapters 4 and 5. Documentation shall include accessibility features that are built-in and accessibility features that provide compatibility with assistive technology.

602.3 Electronic Support Documentation

Documentation in electronic format, including Web-based self-service support, shall conform to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1).

602.4 Alternate Formats for Non-Electronic Support Documentation

Where support documentation is only provided in non-electronic formats, alternate formats usable by individuals with disabilities shall be provided upon request.

603 Support Services

603.1 General

ICT support services including, but not limited to, help desks, call centers, training services, and automated self-service technical support, shall conform to 603.

603.2 Information on Accessibility and Compatibility Features

ICT support services shall include information on the accessibility and compatibility features required by 602.2.

603.3 Accommodation of Communication Needs

Support services shall be provided directly to the user or through a referral to a point of contact. Such ICT support services shall accommodate the communication needs of individuals with disabilities.

Chapter 7: Referenced Standards

701 General

701.1 Scope

The standards referenced in Chapter 7 shall apply to ICT where required by 508 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), 255 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), and where referenced in any other chapter of the Revised 508 Standards or Revised 255 Guidelines.

702 Incorporation by Reference

702.1 Approved IBR Standards

The Director of the Office of the Federal Register has approved these standards for incorporation by reference into this part in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of the referenced standards may be inspected at the U.S. Access Board, 1331 F Street, NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004, (202) 272-0080, and may also be obtained from the sources listed below. They are also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030 or go to National Archives Code of Federal Regulations Incorporation by Reference.

702.2 Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from the Advanced Television Systems Committee, 1776 K Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20006–2304.

702.2.1 ATSC A/53 Part 5:2014

Digital Television Standard, Part 5—AC-3 Audio System Characteristics, August 28, 2014.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 414.1.1.

702.3 Association for Information and Image Management (AIIM)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from AIIM, 1100 Wayne Ave., Ste. 1100, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910.

702.3.1 ANSI/AIIM/ISO 14289-1-2016

Document Management Applications — Electronic Document File Format Enhancement for Accessibility — Part 1: Use of ISO 32000-1 (PDF/UA-1), ANSI-approved February 8, 2016.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 504.2.2.

702.4 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, P.O. Box 1369, Santa Monica, CA 90406–1369.

702.4.1 ANSI/HFES 200.2

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 502.4.

702.5 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, P.O. Box 3014, Los Alamitos, CA 90720–1264.

702.5.1 ANSI/IEEE C63.19-2011

American National Standard for Methods of Measurement of Compatibility between Wireless Communications Devices and Hearing Aids, May 27, 2011.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 412.3.1.

702.6 International Code Council (ICC)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from ICC Publications, 4051 W. Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL 60478–5795.

702.6.1 ICC A117.1-2009

Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, approved October 20, 2010.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 402.5.

702.7 International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

Copies of the referenced standards may be obtained from the International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunications Standardization Sector, Place des Nations CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.

702.7.1 ITU-T Recommendation E.161

Series E. Overall Network Operation, Telephone Service, Service Operation and Human Factors—International operation - Numbering plan of the international telephone service, Arrangement of digits, letters and symbols on telephones and other devices that can be used for gaining access to a telephone network, February 2001.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 407.3.3.

702.7.2 ITU-T Recommendation G.722.2

Series G. Transmission Systems and Media, Digital Systems and Networks – Digital terminal equipment – Coding of analogue signals by methods other than PCM, Wideband coding of speech at around 16 kbit/s using Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB), July 2003.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 412.4.

702.8 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from the Internet Engineering Task Force.

702.8.1 IETF RFC 6716

Definition of the Opus Codec, September 2012, J.M. Valin, Mozilla Corporation, K. Vos, Skype Technologies S.A., T. Terriberry, Mozilla Corporation.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 412.4.

702.9 Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

Copies of the referenced standard, published by the Telecommunications Industry Association, may be obtained from IHS Markit, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112.

702.9.1 TIA-1083-B

Telecommunications—Communications Products—Handset Magnetic Measurement Procedures and Performance Requirements, October 2015.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 412.3.2.

702.10 Worldwide Web Consortium (W3C)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar Street, Room 32-G515, Cambridge, MA 02139.

702.10.1 WCAG 2.0

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, W3C Recommendation, December 11, 2008.

IBR approved for: Appendix A (Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act: Application and Scoping Requirements), Sections E205.4, E205.4 Exception, E205.4.1, E207.2, E207.2 Exception 2, E207.2 Exception 3, E207.2.1, E207.3; Appendix B (Section 255 of the Communications Act: Application and Scoping Requirements), C203.1, C203.1 Exception, C203.1.1, C205.2, C205.2 Exception 2, C205.2 Exception 3, C205.2.1, C205.3; and Appendix C (Functional Performance Criteria and Technical Requirements), 408.3 Exception, 501.1 Exception, 504.2, 504.3, 504.4, and 602.3.

Appendix D to Part 1194: Electronic and Information Technology Accessibility Standards as Originally Published on December 21, 2000

[65 FR 80523, Dec. 21, 2000. Redesignated and amended at 82 FR 5832, Jan. 18, 2017]

Subpart A — General

§ D1194.1 Purpose.

The purpose of this part is to implement section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (29 U.S.C. 794d). Section 508 requires that when Federal agencies develop, procure, maintain, or use electronic and information technology, Federal employees with disabilities have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to the access and use by Federal employees who are not individuals with disabilities, unless an undue burden would be imposed on the agency. Section 508 also requires that individuals with disabilities, who are members of the public seeking information or services from a Federal agency, have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to that provided to the public who are not individuals with disabilities, unless an undue burden would be imposed on the agency.

§ D1194.2 Application.

(a) Products covered by this part shall comply with all applicable provisions of this part. When developing, procuring, maintaining, or using electronic and information technology, each agency shall ensure that the products comply with the applicable provisions of this part, unless an undue burden would be imposed on the agency.

(1) When compliance with the provisions of this part imposes an undue burden, agencies shall provide individuals with disabilities with the information and data involved by an alternative means of access that allows the individual to use the information and data.

(2) When procuring a product, if an agency determines that compliance with any provision of this part imposes an undue burden, the documentation by the agency supporting the procurement shall explain why, and to what extent, compliance with each such provision creates an undue burden.

(b) When procuring a product, each agency shall procure products which comply with the provisions in this part when such products are available in the commercial marketplace or when such products are developed in response to a Government solicitation. Agencies cannot claim a product as a whole is not commercially available because no product in the marketplace meets all the standards. If products are commercially available that meet some but not all of the standards, the agency must procure the product that best meets the standards.

(c) Except as provided by §1194.3(b), this part applies to electronic and information technology developed, procured, maintained, or used by agencies directly or used by a contractor under a contract with an agency which requires the use of such product, or requires the use, to a significant extent, of such product in the performance of a service or the furnishing of a product.

§ 1194.3 General exceptions.

(a) This part does not apply to any electronic and information technology operated by agencies, the function, operation, or use of which involves intelligence activities, cryptologic activities related to national security, command and control of military forces, equipment that is an integral part of a weapon or weapons system, or systems which are critical to the direct fulfillment of military or intelligence missions. Systems which are critical to the direct fulfillment of military or intelligence missions do not include a system that is to be used for routine administrative and business applications (including payroll, finance, logistics, and personnel management applications).

(b) This part does not apply to electronic and information technology that is acquired by a contractor incidental to a contract.

(c) Except as required to comply with the provisions in this part, this part does not require the installation of specific accessibility-related software or the attachment of an assistive technology device at a workstation of a Federal employee who is not an individual with a disability.

(d) When agencies provide access to the public to information or data through electronic and information technology, agencies are not required to make products owned by the agency available for access and use by individuals with disabilities at a location other than that where the electronic and information technology is provided to the public, or to purchase products for access and use by individuals with disabilities at a location other than that where the electronic and information technology is provided to the public.

(e) This part shall not be construed to require a fundamental alteration in the nature of a product or its components.

(f) Products located in spaces frequented only by service personnel for maintenance, repair, or occasional monitoring of equipment are not required to comply with this part.

§ D1194.4 Definitions.

The following definitions apply to this part:

Agency

Any Federal department or agency, including the United States Postal Service.

Alternate formats

Alternate formats usable by people with disabilities may include, but are not limited to, Braille, ASCII text, large print, recorded audio, and electronic formats that comply with this part.

Alternate methods

Different means of providing information, including product documentation, to people with disabilities. Alternate methods may include, but are not limited to, voice, fax, relay service, TTY, Internet posting, captioning, text-to-speech synthesis, and audio description.

Assistive technology

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atplblog · 10 days ago

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Price: [price_with_discount] (as of [price_update_date] - Details) [ad_1] Product Description HIGH PRECISION MEASUREMENT: Eagle digital weight machine for shop, equipped with high precision super measurement sensors. The food weighing scale with 6 kg weighing capacity and Division of 0.1 grams. This kitchen Scale has a multiunit feature which allows you to shuffle between g, oz, lb, kg, tl, and ct. SIMPLE OPERATION : This food weight machine is Accurate, elegant, easy-to-use for your largest and smallest cooking, baking projects. A food scale that does everything you need, does it well, with a little extra, looks great while it’s doing, and is priced right. LARGE REVERSE LCD DISPLAY: Eagle DLX-061 weighing scale kitchen has a large reverse LCD display size (67 x 29 mm) with digit height of 20 mm and white background and Blue Digit color which makes the results very easy to read. MULTIFUNCTION : Eagle weighing machine for kitchen comes with a tare function which allows you to measure the weight of all ingredients separately after adding one after another without having to remove the previous ingredients. The small weight machine is featured with auto shutoff, low battery and overload indicator and counting function. INCLUDED COMPONENTS & WARRANTY : The packing box includes 1 kitchen weight machine, 1 user manual (English), Warranty Card. We provide 1 year Replacement Warranty Against Any Manufacture Defect (Breakage of mini weight machine, water damage, batteries, general wear and tear are EXCLUDED) [ad_2]

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sredmulokmlios · 24 days ago

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Discover the Comfort and Style of the JASIWAY Sofa: A Modern Must-Have

When it comes to upgrading your living space, the right sofa can make all the difference. Enter the JASIWAY sofa—a stylish, functional, and comfortable centerpiece designed to enhance any room. Whether you're looking to elevate your home’s aesthetic or simply seeking a cozy spot to unwind after a long day, the JASIWAY sofa delivers on all fronts.

What Makes the JASIWAY Sofa Stand Out?

At first glance, the JASIWAY sofa impresses with its modern design. Clean lines, plush cushions, and a minimalist silhouette combine to create a look that fits seamlessly into a variety of décor styles—be it contemporary, mid-century modern, or even industrial. Available in a range of colors and fabrics, this sofa can be customized to reflect your personal taste while maintaining its sophisticated appeal.

But the JASIWAY isn’t just about good looks. It’s built with durability and comfort in mind. The frame is couch from solid hardwood, ensuring long-lasting support. High-density foam cushions provide both comfort and resilience, meaning your sofa won’t sag after extended use. For families, pet owners, or anyone with a busy lifestyle, the JASIWAY sofa offers stain-resistant upholstery options—so you can relax without worrying about spills or messes.

Function Meets Flexibility

One of the standout features of the JASIWAY sofa is its modular design. Many models in the JASIWAY line include sectionals or chaise lounges that can be rearranged to suit your space. Whether you live in a spacious home or a compact apartment, the flexibility of the design ensures that your sofa adapts to your needs—not the other way around.

Additionally, some models come with hidden storage compartments or pull-out beds, making them ideal for hosting guests or maximizing space. It’s these thoughtful touches that set the JASIWAY apart from standard couches and make it a multifunctional piece of furniture.

Easy Assembly and Maintenance

The JASIWAY sofa is designed with convenience in mind. It’s shipped in compact boxes for easier transport and can be assembled with minimal tools and effort. Clear instructions make the process straightforward, so you won’t need to spend hours figuring out how to put it together.

When it comes to maintenance, the sofa’s fabric options are not only attractive but also practical. Most covers are removable and machine-washable, and spot cleaning is a breeze thanks to the tightly woven, durable textiles.

The JASIWAY sofa is more than just a place to sit—it’s a statement piece that combines comfort, style, and practicality. Whether you’re redecorating your living room, furnishing a new apartment, or just ready for an upgrade, this sofa checks all the boxes. With its elegant design, sturdy build, and thoughtful features, the JASIWAY sofa makes everyday living more comfortable—and more beautiful.

So, if you're in the market for a sofa that does it all, the JASIWAY might just be your perfect match. Relax, lounge, entertain, and enjoy—JASIWAY makes it easy.

social : youtube

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news24-amit · 25 days ago

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Global Voltage Calibrator Market Surges with 9.6% CAGR Through 2031

The global voltage calibrator market was valued at USD 217.0 million in 2022. Driven by the need for accurate measurement, testing, and regulation of voltage, current, frequency, and resistance in a variety of applications, the market is projected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.6% between 2023 and 2031, reaching USD 451.0 million by the end of 2031. Historical data spanning 2017–2021 underpins these forecasts, reflecting steady growth fueled by rising electronic device complexity and stringent quality standards across industries.

Market Drivers & Trends

Rise in Demand for Advanced Consumer Electronics Increasing disposable incomes, faster technological advancements, and consumer preference for multifunctional devices are driving shipments of smartphones, tablets, laptops, and wearables. Voltage calibrators ensure that these devices operate within precise voltage tolerances, preventing malfunctions caused by voltage fluctuations during production and quality assurance.

Growth in Distribution Networks Globally Investment in modernizing and digitalizing power grids is expected to exceed US$ 600 billion per year by 2030, nearly doubling 2022 levels. Distribution transformers, switchgear, and protective relays require rigorous voltage stress testing, for which composite and low‑voltage calibrators are indispensable.

Technological Integration Adoption of IoT platforms, high‑resolution touchscreen interfaces, and machine‑learning algorithms in calibrator design enhances precision, functionality, and operational efficiency. These innovations support advanced features such as automated calibration workflows, remote diagnostics, and predictive maintenance.

Latest Market Trends

Portable and Handheld Calibrators: Rising field‑based maintenance needs have boosted demand for lightweight, battery‑operated handheld units capable of sourcing and measuring multiple electrical parameters.

Software‑Driven Calibration Platforms: Cloud‑connected calibration systems enable centralized data logging, compliance reporting, and real‑time performance analytics.

Green Calibration Solutions: Energy‑efficient designs and eco‑friendly materials are becoming priorities as regulatory frameworks emphasize sustainability.

Customization and Modular Designs: Vendors are offering modular calibrator architectures that allow end‑users to tailor configurations for specific voltage ranges, waveform types, and environmental conditions.

Key Players and Industry Leaders

The market is characterized by a mix of specialized calibration manufacturers and large instrumentation conglomerates. Leading companies profiled in our report include:

Time Electronics Ltd.

Extech Instruments

PCE Instruments UK Ltd.

REED Instruments

AOIP

Yokogawa Test & Measurement Corporation

Valhalla Scientific Inc.

Calibrators, Inc.

Practical Instrument Electronics, Inc.

Nagman

These players compete on product innovation, geographic reach, service networks, and compliance certifications. Recent expansions in R&D centers and partnerships with automation solution providers underscore their commitment to next‑generation calibration technologies.

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Recent Developments

October 2023: Omega Engineering launched IP67‑rated HANI temperature sensors with extended temperature ranges, reflecting broader industry trends toward ruggedized, field‑ready instrumentation.

September 2022: Yokogawa introduced the AQ7286 series of Optical Time Domain Reflectometers (OTDR) and the AQ3550 optical switch box, enhancing fiber‑optic testing capabilities for telecom and industrial automation sectors.

Mid‑2023: Extech Instruments rolled out a new line of battery‑powered, handheld composite calibrators capable of generating lightning impulse voltages up to 10 kV for on‑site power grid maintenance.

Q1 2024: Valhalla Scientific completed the acquisition of a European calibration lab, expanding its service footprint in Central and Eastern Europe.

Market Opportunities

Emerging Economies: Rapid electrification projects in Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America are driving demand for low‑cost calibrators and calibration services.

Regulatory Compliance: Stricter international standards (ISO/IEC 17025, ANSI/NCSL Z540.3) are compelling manufacturers and service houses to upgrade calibration equipment.

After‑Sales Services: Growing emphasis on calibration as a service (CaaS) models offers recurring revenue opportunities for device manufacturers and third‑party labs.

Cross‑Industry Applications: Sectors such as healthcare (medical imaging and diagnostics), aerospace & defense (avionics testing), and semiconductor (wafer fabrication) present high‑value segments due to zero‑tolerance for voltage errors.

Future Outlook

By 2031, advanced features such as AI‑driven self‑calibration, blockchain‑based calibration records, and augmented reality (AR)–enabled field support are expected to become mainstream. The convergence of hardware accuracy with software intelligence will drive a shift from standalone calibrators to integrated calibration ecosystems, offering end‑to‑end traceability, predictive analytics, and seamless compliance reporting. Emerging challenges include cyber‑security for cloud‑connected instruments and the need for portable solutions that meet both environmental ruggedness and precision requirements.

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Market Segmentation

By Component

Hardware

Software

Services (Aftersales, Calibration as a Service, Maintenance)

Others

By Device Type

Bench‑Type Calibrators

Handheld Calibrators

By End-Use

Laboratory

Field

By Industry Vertical

Aerospace & Defense

Semiconductor

Healthcare

IT & Telecommunication

Automotive

Others

By Application

Testing & Troubleshooting

Process Devices Calibration

Research & Development

Others

Regional Insights

North America (Leading Region, 2022): Driven by robust electronics manufacturing and high consumer electronics penetration (95% internet usage, 90% smartphone ownership in the U.S.), North America held the largest share in 2022. Presence of key players such as REED Instruments, Extech Instruments, and Valhalla Scientific supports strong market momentum.

Europe: Growth underpinned by stringent calibration standards, government investments in smart grid modernization, and a dense network of calibration laboratories.

Asia Pacific: Fastest CAGR forecast, fueled by rapid industrialization in China and India, rising R&D activities in Japan and South Korea, and the proliferation of electric vehicles requiring precise power electronics testing.

Rest of World: Latin America, Middle East & Africa present greenfield opportunities in grid expansion and import of high‑precision handheld calibrators.

Why Buy This Report?

Comprehensive Analysis: In‑depth quantitative data from 2017–2021 historicals to 2031 forecasts.

Strategic Insights: Porter’s Five Forces, value chain analysis, and market attractiveness matrices.

Competitive Intelligence: Detailed company profiles, product portfolios, financial overviews, and strategic roadmaps.

Future Trends: Expert commentary on emerging technologies, regulatory impacts, and untapped growth segments.

Actionable Recommendations: Tailored for OEMs, calibration service providers, investors, and government bodies to strategize market entry, product development, and partnerships.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is a voltage calibrator? A voltage calibrator is an instrument used to source and measure electrical signals—voltage, current, frequency, and resistance—to verify and adjust the accuracy of other test and measurement devices.

2. What factors are driving market growth? Key drivers include rising demand for advanced consumer electronics, expansion of global power distribution networks, technological integration (IoT, AI), and stricter calibration standards across industries.

3. Which regions offer the highest growth potential? Asia Pacific is forecast to exhibit the highest CAGR through 2031, supported by industrialization and investments in smart grid infrastructure. North America remains the largest market by value.

4. Who are the major players in the market? Prominent companies include Time Electronics Ltd., Extech Instruments, REED Instruments, Yokogawa Test & Measurement Corporation, Valhalla Scientific Inc., AOIP, and PCE Instruments UK Ltd.

5. What types of voltage calibrators are available? Calibrators are classified into bench‑type and handheld devices, each engineered for lab‑based precision and field‑service flexibility, respectively.

6. How can companies capitalize on market opportunities? Organizations should explore calibration‑as‑a‑service models, invest in R&D for smart and modular calibrators, and pursue strategic partnerships in emerging markets.

Explore Latest Research Reports by Transparency Market Research:

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Interactive Display Market: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/interactive-display-market.html About Transparency Market Research Transparency Market Research, a global market research company registered at Wilmington, Delaware, United States, provides custom research and consulting services. Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insights for thousands of decision makers. Our experienced team of Analysts, Researchers, and Consultants use proprietary data sources and various tools & techniques to gather and analyses information. Our data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts, so that it always reflects the latest trends and information. With a broad research and analysis capability, Transparency Market Research employs rigorous primary and secondary research techniques in developing distinctive data sets and research material for business reports. Contact: Transparency Market Research Inc. CORPORATE HEADQUARTER DOWNTOWN, 1000 N. West Street, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Delaware 19801 USA Tel: +1-518-618-1030 USA - Canada Toll Free: 866-552-3453 Website: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com Email: [email protected]

#Voltage Calibrator Market

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qualitymoonfun · 2 months ago

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artline 400xf

Zayzi Inc: South Africa’s One-Stop eCommerce Powerhouse for Office, Tech & School Essentials

In an increasingly crowded eCommerce landscape, standing out means offering more than just a product—it means providing a seamless, comprehensive, and customer-first experience. That’s exactly what Zayzi Inc does, and it’s the reason they’ve become a go-to destination for thousands across South Africa looking for stationery, tech, school supplies, and office essentials—all under one digital roof. What sets Zayzi Inc apart from competitors is its all-in-one product ecosystem combined with curated affordability and unbeatable variety, tailored to everyday professionals, students, and home users alike.

A Unique Blend of Everyday Necessities and High-Value Technology

Unlike most eCommerce platforms that either specialize in electronics or focus solely on office supplies, Zayzi Inc merges both worlds, giving customers access to a highly diverse product range. Need a glue stick 43g, print paper A4, and a 64GB flash drive at a competitive price? Zayzi has you covered—all in one transaction. This seamless accessibility eliminates the need to shop from multiple stores, saving both time and shipping costs.

Even within their categories, Zayzi Inc excels in offering brand-specific, high-demand items like:

Amos glue stick for classrooms and crafts

Stabilo highlighters for vibrant studying

Artline permanent marker 70 and Artline 400XF for precision labeling

Claro pens and HB pencils 12 pack for everyday writing

And for tech-savvy users, Zayzi carries top-tier gadgets like:

Lenovo IdeaPad 3 i3 laptops

Mecer Android Tablets

Pantum multifunction printers

TP-Link 300Mbps Wi-Fi Range Extenders

Exceptional Value for Schools, Offices, and Families

Zayzi Inc shines brightest in environments that demand bulk purchasing with quality assurance—like schools and office environments. From copy paper to labelling machines, Bantex filing boxes, and post-it flags, Zayzi acts as a silent but crucial productivity partner.

Parents will also love Zayzi’s affordability and practicality, whether it's for maths sets, 50-pocket flip files, or permanent white markers. Even niche needs like adhesive for tape or Decifix covers are handled effortlessly.

What Makes Zayzi Inc Truly Stand Out?

Product Range Depth & Breadth Whether it's an office, classroom, or home study setup, Zayzi Inc has the variety to meet any requirement—something few eCommerce competitors can replicate at this scale.

Affordable Technology at Your Fingertips With constant updates on devices like Lenovo i3 laptops and fast-moving gadgets, Zayzi remains tech-relevant without overpricing.

Streamlined Shopping Experience The site’s layout is intuitive, category-rich, and search-friendly, making it easy to find what you need—whether it's a frixion pen or a magic tape.

Local Stock with Nationwide Reach Products ship efficiently from within South Africa, ensuring faster delivery times and localized support—a major advantage over international resellers or dropshipping sites.

Customer-Centric Service Zayzi’s responsiveness and dedication to fulfilling orders with speed and accuracy have earned them a reputation for reliability among repeat buyers.

Conclusion

Zayzi Inc isn’t just an online store—it’s a smart supply partner for South African households, businesses, and educational institutions. With everything from a glue stick 43g to a 64GB flash drive at a great price, this platform offers the tools, tech, and trust you need—all in one place.

Visit Zayzi Inc today and experience a smarter, simpler way to shop for your everyday essentials.

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sabine1976 · 7 months ago

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Die besten Fitnessgeräte für Mamas – Meine persönlichen Empfehlungen

Hey liebe Mamas,

ich weiß, wie schwer es sein kann, neben dem Alltag mit Kindern noch Zeit für sich selbst zu finden – besonders, wenn es um Fitness geht. Aber keine Sorge, ich habe mich für euch umgeschaut und eine Liste mit genialen Fitnessgeräten zusammengestellt, die euch helfen können, auch zu Hause in Bewegung zu bleiben. Hier stelle ich euch die Produkte vor, teile meine Gedanken dazu und gebe ehrlich Vor- und Nachteile an.

1. Ab Roller Wheel – Automatic Rebound Abdominal Wheel

Was ist das? Ein kleines Gerät, das eure Bauchmuskeln so richtig herausfordert – und dank des automatischen Rückstoßes könnt ihr das Training leichter kontrollieren.

Warum ich es mag:

Es ist super effektiv, um die Core-Muskulatur zu stärken, und nimmt kaum Platz weg. Perfekt, wenn ihr nicht viel Stauraum habt.

Die Griffe sind angenehm, und es fühlt sich stabil an, auch bei intensiveren Workouts.

Aber:

Anfänger könnten anfangs etwas kämpfen, da es eine gute Balance erfordert.

Teppichböden sind nicht ideal – hier braucht ihr besser eine harte Oberfläche.

👉 Hier könnt ihr es euch anschauen

2. Adjustable Chin-up Bar

Was ist das? Eine Klimmzugstange für den Türrahmen – ideal für Klimmzüge, Beinheben und mehr.

Warum ich es mag:

Kein Bohren, kein Werkzeug – einfach in den Türrahmen klemmen, und los geht’s!

Ihr könnt nicht nur Klimmzüge machen, sondern auch verschiedene Übungen ausprobieren, um den ganzen Körper zu stärken.

Aber:

Es passt leider nicht in jeden Türrahmen. Breite Rahmen könnten ein Problem sein.

Wenn ihr schwerer seid, solltet ihr sicherstellen, dass die Stange stabil bleibt.

👉 Mehr Infos gibt’s hier

3. Portable Multifunctional Push-Up Board Set

Was ist das? Ein tragbares Push-up-Board mit farbcodierten Griffen, das euch hilft, verschiedene Muskelgruppen gezielt zu trainieren – Brust, Arme, Rücken und Bauch.

Warum ich es liebe:

Es ist so vielseitig! Egal, ob ihr Anfänger seid oder schon Erfahrung habt, das System macht Spaß.

Klappbar und leicht zu verstauen – perfekt, wenn ihr wenig Platz habt.

Aber:

Das Farbsystem braucht etwas Eingewöhnung, bis man es versteht.

Obwohl es klappbar ist, ist es nicht super klein – für Reisen könnte es etwas sperrig sein.

👉 Hier könnt ihr es bestellen

4. Pro Agility Ladder and Cones

Was ist das? Eine 15-Fuß-Leiter und 12 Hütchen, die euch helfen, Geschwindigkeit, Agilität und Fußarbeit zu trainieren. Besonders gut für Cardio oder als Abwechslung zum normalen Training.

Warum ich es klasse finde:

Es macht richtig Spaß und bringt Abwechslung in euer Training.

Ideal für draußen – die Kinder können vielleicht sogar mitmachen!

Die mitgelieferte Tragetasche ist praktisch, um alles zu verstauen.

Aber:

Ihr braucht Platz, um die Leiter und die Hütchen auslegen zu können.

Es ist eher ein Ergänzungstool – für ein Ganzkörpertraining braucht ihr zusätzlich etwas anderes.

👉 Hier geht’s zum Produkt

5. Electronic Boxing Machine

Was ist das? Eine smarte Boxmaschine, die mit Musik und intelligenten Trainingsfunktionen ausgestattet ist – super motivierend für alle, die mal richtig Dampf ablassen wollen.

Warum ich sie feiere:

Es ist einfach cool! Die Musik macht total Spaß, und man bleibt länger motiviert.

Perfekt für Cardio-Workouts und Koordinationstraining.

Für Stressabbau unschlagbar – einfach draufhauen und loslassen!

Aber:

Sie ist nicht gerade günstig.

Ihr braucht eine stabile Wand, um sie sicher zu befestigen.

👉 Hier findet ihr mehr Infos

6. Grip Strength Trainer – Adjustable Resistance 22-132Lbs

Was ist das? Ein kleines, handliches Gerät, mit dem ihr eure Griffkraft und Unterarme stärken könnt.

Warum ich es mag:

Es ist kompakt und passt in jede Tasche – super für unterwegs oder kurze Pausen.

Der Widerstand ist einstellbar, sodass ihr je nach Fitnesslevel trainieren könnt.

Aber:

Es trainiert nur einen kleinen Bereich – der Fokus liegt auf Händen und Unterarmen.

Bei intensiver Nutzung könnte das Material mit der Zeit nachgeben.

👉 Hier könnt ihr es euch anschauen

7. Lifting Straps – Wrist Straps for Weightlifting

Was ist das? Robuste Baumwoll-Handgelenksschlaufen, die euch beim Gewichtheben unterstützen und die Handgelenke schonen.

Warum ich sie empfehle:

Sie geben extra Halt und Sicherheit, wenn ihr schwerere Gewichte hebt.

Einfach anzulegen und angenehm zu tragen.

Aber:

Sie sind wirklich nur für Krafttraining gedacht – wer lieber Cardio macht, braucht sie nicht.

Längerer Gebrauch kann Druckstellen verursachen.

👉 Hier gibt’s mehr Infos

Mein Fazit – was passt zu dir?

Wenn ich mich entscheiden müsste, wäre mein Favorit das Portable Push-Up Board Set. Es ist super vielseitig und macht es leicht, verschiedene Muskelgruppen zu trainieren. Wenn ihr etwas für draußen sucht, sind die Agility Ladder and Cones eine tolle Option – vor allem, wenn ihr mit den Kids trainieren wollt.

Aber ganz ehrlich: Alle Produkte haben etwas für sich. Schau einfach, was zu deinen Zielen, deinem Platz und deinem Alltag passt.

Alles Liebe und viel Spaß beim Trainieren, Schau dir die Produkte hier an und finde dein neues Lieblingsgerät! ❤️

Die besten Fitnessgeräte für Mamas – Meine persönlichen Empfehlungen

Hey liebe Mamas,

Los geht’s!

1. Ab Roller Wheel – Automatic Rebound Abdominal Wheel

Was ist das? Ein kleines Gerät, das eure Bauchmuskeln so richtig herausfordert – und dank des automatischen Rückstoßes könnt ihr das Training leichter kontrollieren.

Warum ich es mag:

Es ist super effektiv, um die Core-Muskulatur zu stärken, und nimmt kaum Platz weg. Perfekt, wenn ihr nicht viel Stauraum habt.

Die Griffe sind angenehm, und es fühlt sich stabil an, auch bei intensiveren Workouts.

Aber:

Anfänger könnten anfangs etwas kämpfen, da es eine gute Balance erfordert.

Teppichböden sind nicht ideal – hier braucht ihr besser eine harte Oberfläche.

👉 Hier könnt ihr es euch anschauen

2. Adjustable Chin-up Bar

Was ist das? Eine Klimmzugstange für den Türrahmen – ideal für Klimmzüge, Beinheben und mehr.

Warum ich es mag:

Kein Bohren, kein Werkzeug – einfach in den Türrahmen klemmen, und los geht’s!

Ihr könnt nicht nur Klimmzüge machen, sondern auch verschiedene Übungen ausprobieren, um den ganzen Körper zu stärken.

Aber:

Es passt leider nicht in jeden Türrahmen. Breite Rahmen könnten ein Problem sein.

Wenn ihr schwerer seid, solltet ihr sicherstellen, dass die Stange stabil bleibt.

👉 Mehr Infos gibt’s hier

3. Portable Multifunctional Push-Up Board Set

Was ist das? Ein tragbares Push-up-Board mit farbcodierten Griffen, das euch hilft, verschiedene Muskelgruppen gezielt zu trainieren – Brust, Arme, Rücken und Bauch.

Warum ich es liebe:

Es ist so vielseitig! Egal, ob ihr Anfänger seid oder schon Erfahrung habt, das System macht Spaß.

Klappbar und leicht zu verstauen – perfekt, wenn ihr wenig Platz habt.

Aber:

Das Farbsystem braucht etwas Eingewöhnung, bis man es versteht.

Obwohl es klappbar ist, ist es nicht super klein – für Reisen könnte es etwas sperrig sein.

👉 Hier könnt ihr es bestellen

4. Pro Agility Ladder and Cones

Was ist das? Eine 15-Fuß-Leiter und 12 Hütchen, die euch helfen, Geschwindigkeit, Agilität und Fußarbeit zu trainieren. Besonders gut für Cardio oder als Abwechslung zum normalen Training.

Warum ich es klasse finde:

Es macht richtig Spaß und bringt Abwechslung in euer Training.

Ideal für draußen – die Kinder können vielleicht sogar mitmachen!

Die mitgelieferte Tragetasche ist praktisch, um alles zu verstauen.

Aber:

Ihr braucht Platz, um die Leiter und die Hütchen auslegen zu können.

Es ist eher ein Ergänzungstool – für ein Ganzkörpertraining braucht ihr zusätzlich etwas anderes.

👉 Hier geht’s zum Produkt

5. Electronic Boxing Machine

Was ist das? Eine smarte Boxmaschine, die mit Musik und intelligenten Trainingsfunktionen ausgestattet ist – super motivierend für alle, die mal richtig Dampf ablassen wollen.

Warum ich sie feiere:

Es ist einfach cool! Die Musik macht total Spaß, und man bleibt länger motiviert.

Perfekt für Cardio-Workouts und Koordinationstraining.

Für Stressabbau unschlagbar – einfach draufhauen und loslassen!

Aber:

Sie ist nicht gerade günstig.

Ihr braucht eine stabile Wand, um sie sicher zu befestigen.

👉 Hier findet ihr mehr Infos

6. Grip Strength Trainer – Adjustable Resistance 22-132Lbs

Was ist das? Ein kleines, handliches Gerät, mit dem ihr eure Griffkraft und Unterarme stärken könnt.

Warum ich es mag:

Es ist kompakt und passt in jede Tasche – super für unterwegs oder kurze Pausen.

Der Widerstand ist einstellbar, sodass ihr je nach Fitnesslevel trainieren könnt.

Aber:

Es trainiert nur einen kleinen Bereich – der Fokus liegt auf Händen und Unterarmen.

Bei intensiver Nutzung könnte das Material mit der Zeit nachgeben.

👉 Hier könnt ihr es euch anschauen

7. Lifting Straps – Wrist Straps for Weightlifting

Was ist das? Robuste Baumwoll-Handgelenksschlaufen, die euch beim Gewichtheben unterstützen und die Handgelenke schonen.

Warum ich sie empfehle:

Sie geben extra Halt und Sicherheit, wenn ihr schwerere Gewichte hebt.

Einfach anzulegen und angenehm zu tragen.

Aber:

Sie sind wirklich nur für Krafttraining gedacht – wer lieber Cardio macht, braucht sie nicht.

Längerer Gebrauch kann Druckstellen verursachen.

👉 Hier gibt’s mehr Infos

Mein Fazit – was passt zu dir?

Aber ganz ehrlich: Alle Produkte haben etwas für sich. Schau einfach, was zu deinen Zielen, deinem Platz und deinem Alltag passt.

Alles Liebe und viel Spaß beim Trainieren, Schau dir die Produkte hier an und finde dein neues Lieblingsgerät! ❤️

#sexy mama #beauty #fitness #staying fit #workout

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venvzn · 8 months ago

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California Craftsman Part I

The California Craftsman is a cozy, single-story family home, designed to fit perfectly on the Inner Circle lot in the Mirage Park neighborhood of Del Sol Valley. Modeled after the classic [California Craftsman] homes in [Los Angeles, California] this home is ideal for a family of four.

Exterior

The front porch overlooks the spacious lawn and features a vibrant assortment of potted plants. It's the perfect place for Sims to socialize with the neighbors, or simply be porch-nosey.

The back porch includes a propane grill, and leads out to the backyard and patio dining area.

The yard space in the backyard is quite spacious. Even with the basketball hoop, there's enough space for Sims to plant a garden. However, you can maximize your space by removing the hoop, making enough room for a treehouse or a jungle gym.

The pathway leads to the detached garage/hobby studio, and Sims can exit towards the back alley through the driveway. Note: The white SUV is a debug deco item, as well as the brick wall and graffiti.

Interior

Detached Garage / Hobby Studio

The garage is a hobby enthusiasts' dream. It's loaded with several skill-building activities.

The garage is perhaps the highlight of this home, simply for its multifunctional purpose. It's an isolated studio for music producers; it's a garden shed for botanists; it's a well-equipped workshop for handy Sims! With so many activities and skills to explore, your Sims will never be bored.

Entrance / Living Room

The cozy vibes are felt as soon as Sims enter the home.

The living room comes well-furnished with 2 loveseats, a wall-length fireplace, a flat-screen TV & gaming console, a stereo system, and pet toy box. With the open floor plan, it's easier to make space for a Christmas tree during the holiday season.

Front Hallway / Attic

The stairway to the attic is inconspicuously located in the front hallway.

Aside from storing household items, holiday decorations, and the treadmill that your Sim hardly uses, the attic also doubles as an art studio, featuring a painting easel and a costume closet.

Kitchen / Dining Room

This is the type of kitchen your kid Sims will reflect back on in college, when they start missing those home-cooked meals.

The kitchen is fully-loaded, offering enough counter space for Sims who enjoy cooking together, and the laundry machines are neatly tucked away in a corner closet.

The dining room offers the perfect setting for countless family dinners.

Home Office

If there's ever a time to stand on business, your Sim will do it here.

The quiet home office will be your Sims favorite place to get computer work done, relax with a book, or hone their piano skills — Listen, one thing your Sims won't be in this house is unskilled, okay?!

Hallway Bathroom

Of the two bathrooms in this home, the hallway bathroom is the one available to guests.

Continue to Part II: Bedrooms & Floor Plans

#sims 4 #ts4 build #los angeles #California #sims home #family home #cozy vibes #suburbs #earth tones #interior design #ts4 vanilla

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rimaakter45 · 9 months ago

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Corrugated Box Making Machine BM2508-SE

BM2508-SE is a fully automatic multifunctional corrugated box making machine with horizontal slotting and scoring, vertical slitting and creasing, horizontal cutting all in one compact machine. Compared to BM2508-Plus model, the BM2508-SE model is an economic version machine, which is of great significance to all users under the epidemic. To reduce budget and expenses, it is equipped with a 900mm lead edge feeder, 2 vertical creasing wheels, and removed handhole die cutting module. For more information check out https://anyboxmachine.com/corrugated-box-machine-bm2508-se/

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atplblog · 1 month ago

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Price: [price_with_discount] (as of [price_update_date] - Details) [ad_1] With all these baggage restrictions, travelling can be quite stressful. Why worry about your bags at check-in, getting stung with extra fees and facing the embarrassment of repacking in public? The Gotrippin digital luggage scale has a tough and durable stainless steel top plate and high strength plastic bottom plate (containing battery) for a lifetime of use. Our compact lightweight design travels with you without adding significant weight or bulk for your flight or cruise. Our hanging weight machine have easy-to-read LCD display so you don't have to strain or bend to see. Our suitcase weight scale has capacity overload indicator shows when bags are over the scale limit. Gotrippin portable luggage scale digital have many features like auto shut off, auto lock, tare function and battery indicator. STURDY AND DURABLE WITH LONGLASTING BRANDED BATTERIES: Stainless steel top and ABS plastic bottom ; Weight:400 gms; Dimensions: 14x3x5.3cm; compact and lightweight weighing machine for luggage; comes in premium GoTrippin branded gift box packaging; one 3V CR2032 battery is included with this portable weight machine MULTIFUNCTION INDICATORS: auto shutoff, auto-lock display; battery indicator; easy-to-read LCD display with back light for night vision; this weight machine for luggage also has Tare function which allows you to read the net weight of your luggage easily and precisely; Gotrippin digital weight machines thus are very easy to use. There are 4 kinds of weight units(lb, g, ounce, kg)in this travel luggage weighing scale digital that you can use in most of the countries 50 KG WEIGHT CAPACITY: Gotrippin luggage weight machine have 110 lb / 50 kg capacity with precision accuracy of 0.2 lb / 0.1 kg; Long life CR2032 battery included in this bag weighing scale for luggage;for accurate weight hold the hands steady and parallel to ground; for weight above 12 kgs please use both hands. POUCH FOR EASY STORAGE- A branded pouch is included to carry the scale with you anywhere. MULTI USE WITH LIFETIME REPLACEMENT PROMISE: These baggage weighing scale for flights are designed for multi purpose use - travel,home, kitchen, flights, and outdoor use or as gifts; Besides luggage weighing machine, it can also be used as weight machine for shop 50 kgs and as a gas cylinder weight machine. IMPORTANT NOTE: THIS SCALE IS FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY AND CANNOT BE USED FOR COMMERCIAL, TRANSACTION OR PROTECTION PURPOSE [ad_2]

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alisonthebunny · 9 months ago

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Check out this listing I just added to my Poshmark closet: NEW White Noise Sound Machine, Sunrise Alarm Clock APP/AI Voice Control Work.

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favouritefab-blog · 11 months ago

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Top 10 Non Woven Bag Making Machines for 2024

1. Uflex - Fully Automatic Non-Woven Bag Making Machine

Features: High-speed operation, versatile for different bag styles, automatic handle attachment.

Highlights: Known for reliability and precision, Uflex's machine is ideal for large-scale production.

2. Zhejiang Deheng - Automatic Non-Woven Box Bag Making Machine

Features: Advanced ultrasonic sealing, multi-size bag production, PLC control system.

Highlights: Excellent for producing box-type bags with strong, durable seams.

3. Sahil Graphics - Automatic Non-Woven Fabric Bag Making Machine

Features: Multifunctional capabilities, user-friendly interface, robust design.

Highlights: Designed for easy operation with low maintenance, suitable for various bag designs.

4. Changzhou Xinshen Machinery - High-Speed Non-Woven Bag Making Machine

Features: High-speed production, low energy consumption, customizable bag sizes.

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5. Ruian Xinye - Non-Woven Bag Making Machine

Features: Double-line production, ultrasonic sealing, integrated with handle attachment.

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6. Fairprint - Non-Woven Bag Printing and Making Machine

Features: Integrated printing and bag-making, fully automatic, easy to operate.

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Features: Modular design, energy-efficient, fast production.

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8. RuiXing Machinery - Fully Automatic Non-Woven Bag Making Machine

Features: Servo motor control, automatic material feeding, high precision.

Highlights: Ideal for mass production with consistent quality and efficiency.

9. Shunlida - Non-Woven Bag Making Machine

Features: Touch screen interface, multiple bag types, auto tension control.

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10. Joymain - Non-Woven Bag Making Machine

Features: High output, low noise operation, durable construction.

Highlights: A cost-effective option known for its durability and high-speed performance.

These machines are designed to meet the growing demand for non-woven bags in 2024, offering a mix of high-speed production, versatility, and advanced features that make them top choices for manufacturers around the world.

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bizonmark · 1 year ago

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New Kitchen Multifunctional Garlic Crusher Manual Garlic Press Roll Crusher Chopper Home Appliance Kitchen Gadgets Accessories

Model Number: 1-2 Feature: Eco-Friendly Brand Name: HARKO Origin: Mainland Product name: Multifunctional twist garlic box Size: Diameter: 7.5cm Height 4cm Product material: PP Package includes: 1PC* Garlic Pressed Garlic Box Warm reminder: The machine is mass-produced, and some products have burrs, which does not affect the use, please understand notes: 1. Due to the difference in light and…

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