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NCERT Class 12 Political Science (India) Chapter 6 The Crisis of Democratic Order

NCERT Class 12 Political Science Solutions (India Since Independence)

Chapter 6 The Crisis of Democratic Order

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED : Q l. State whether the following statements regarding the Emergency are correct or incorrect. (a) It was declared in 1975 by Indira Gandhi. (b) It led to the suspension of all fundamental rights. (c) It was proclaimed due to the deteriorating economic conditions. (d) Many Opposition leaders were arrested during the emergency. (e) CPI supported the proclamation of the Emergency.

Answer: (a) Correct, (b) Correct, (c) Wrong, (d) Correct, (e) Correct. Q 2. Find the odd one out in the context of proclamation of Emergency. (a) The call for ‘Total Revolution’. (b) The Railway Strike of 1974 (c) The Naxalite Movement (d) The Allahabad High Court verdict (e) The findings of the Shah Commission Report

Answer: (c) The Naxalite Movement Q 3. Match the following:

Answer: (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv). Q 4. What were the reasons which led to the mid-term elections in 1980?

Answer: 1. Janata party lacked direction, leadership and a common programme. 2. Janata party government could not bring a fundamental change in policies pursued by Congress. 3. There was a split in Janata Party and the government led by Morarji Desai which lost its majority in less than 18 months. 4. Charan Singh government was formed due to support of Congress party which later decided to withdraw its support resulting resignation of Charan Singh government within four months. 5. All the above mentioned reasons led midterm elections of 1980, which defeated Janata Party and again Congress led by Indira Gandhi came back to power by winning 353 seats. Q 5. The Shah Commission was appointed in 1977 by the Janata Party Government. Why was it appointed and what were its findings?

Answer: The Shah commission was appointed in May 1977 by Janata Party government which was headed by J.C. Shah, retired chief justice of Supreme Court of India to look into the matters of: 1. Allegations of abuse of authority, excesses and malpractices as well as actions taken in the name of emergency proclaimed on 25 June 1975. 2. The Commission performed to examine various evidences to give testimonies even including Indira Gandhi to appear before Commission, but she refused to answer any questions. Findings of Shah Commission: (a) It found many ��excesses’ committed during Emergency. (b) Under preventive detention laws nearly one lakh eleven thousand people were arrested. (c) Press censorship took place without any proper legal sanctions. (d) Even general manager of Delhi Power Supply Corporation received verbal orders from the officers of the Lt. Governor of Delhi to cut electricity to all newspapers press at 2 a.m. on 26 June 1975. Q 6. What reasons did the Government give for declaring a National Emergency in 1975?

Answer: Emergency was proclaimed in response to petition filed by Raj Narain to declare Indira Gandhi’s election invalid. (i) On June 25, 1975, the government declared the threat of internal disturbances to invoke Article 352 of constitution. (ii) Article 352 can declare emergency on ground of either internal or external disturbances. (iii) The government decided a grave crisis to be arisen to proclaim emergency to bring law and order, restore efficiency and implement pro-poor welfare programmes. (iv) The President Fakhruddin Adi Ahmad proclaimed emergency which became the most controversial episode in Indian Politics. Q 7. The 1977 elections for the first time saw the Opposition coming into power at the Centre. What would you consider as the reasons for this development?

Answer: The 1977 elections were evolved as a shock to everyone as Congress party was defeated for the very first time and opposition party came into power: 1. The opposition adopted the slogan ‘Save democracy’ against imposition of emergency earlier. 2. The opposition campaigned non- democratic character of rule which provided various excesses. 3. The opposition party highlighted the preventive detention and press censorship to favour public opinion. 4. Janata Party also ensured not to divide non-Congress votes. 5. Middle section of north India was moving away from Congress for whom Janata Party became a platform. 6. Hence, elections of 1977 emerged many other factors instead about emergency only. Q 8. Discuss the effects of Emergency on the following aspects of our polity.

(a) Effects on civil liberties for citizens. (b) Impact on relationship between the Executive and Judiciary. (c) Functioning of Mass Media. (d) Working of Police and Bureaucracy.

Answer:

(a) Effects on Civil Liberties for Citizens: 1. The government made large scale arrests under preventive detention. 2. Arrested political persons could not challenge arrest even under Habeas Corpus petition. 3. Despite of filing many petitions government claimed it not to be necessary to be informed on grounds to arrested persons. 4. In April 1976, finally it was proved that the government could take away citizen’s right to life and liberty by overruling of high courts under supreme court and accept government’s plea.

(b) Impact on Relationship between the Executive and Judiciary: 1. The Parliament brought in many new changes in Constitution which made an amendment declaring that elections of Prime Minister, President and Vice¬President could not be challenged in the court. 2. The forty-second amendment (42nd) was also passed to bring a series of changes in constitution like duration of legislatures, elections can be postponed by one year during an emergency.

(c) Functioning of Mass Media: 1. Press censorship took place which banned freedom of press and newspapers w7ere supposed to prior approval before they publish any material i.e. RSS and Janata Island were banned. 2. Protests, strikes and public agitations were also banned. 3. Various fundamental rights were also suspended including even Right to move to court for restoration of Fundamental Rights. 4. Kannada writer Shivarama Karanth awarded with Padma Bhushan and Hindi writer Fanishwarnath Tlenu with Padmashri returned their awards in protest against suspension of democracy.

5. Newspapers mainly Indian Express, and the statesman protested against censorship by leaving blank spaces where news items were censored.

(d) Working of Police and Bureaucracy: Refer Part (a) + (b) of the same question. Q 9. In what way did the imposition of Emergency affect the party system in India? Elaborate your answer with examples.

Answer: 1. Due to absolute majority to party in power, leadership even dared to suspend democratic process. 2. The constitution makers presumed to be abide by laws and democratic orders, hence, wide and open ended powers were given to the government during emergency. 3. A tension and differences arose between institution based democracy and democracy based on spontaneous popular participation. 4. It was attributed to incapability of party system to incorporate aspirations of the people. 5. For the first time, opposition parties came together to form a new party ‘Janata Party’ not to divide the non-Congress votes. 6. 1977 elections brought an end to one party dominance and created coalition government. Q 10. Read the passage and answer the questions below:

“Indian democracy was never so close to a two-party system as it was during the 1977 elections. However, the next few years saw a complete change. Soon after its defeat, the Indian National Congress split into two groups The Janata Party also went through major convulsions David Butler, Ashok Lahiri and Prannoy Roy. —Partha Chatterjee (a) What made the party system in India look like a two-party system in 1977? (b) Many more than two parties existed in 1977. Why then are the authors describing this period as close to a two-party system? (c) What caused splits in Congress and the Janata Party?

Answer: (a) The imposition of emergency in 1977 and political crisis made the party system in India look like a two-party system. (b) Two parties existed in 1977 were Congress and non-Congress parties to be described as close to two party system because it ended the one party dominance and emerged Janata Party, umbrella of non¬Congress parties. (c) Split in Congress: Congress splitted on the issues of presidential elections in 1969. Split in Janata Party: On tensions among three leaders Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Jagjivan Ram for leadership in 1979.

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]

Q 1. Mention the main reason for the defeat of Congress party in the elections 1977.

Answer: The opposition party adopted the slogan ‘Save democracy’ against the imposition of emergency. Q 2. In which year fifth general elections to Lok Sabha held?

Answer: 1971. Q 3. Name the political party which came to power at centre in 1977.

Answer: Janata Party Q 4. In January 1974, Students of Gujarat started an agitation against which two major problems?

Answer: 1. Rising prices of food grains, cooking oil and other essential commodities. 2. Corruption in high places. Q 5. Who was Charu Majumdar?

Answer: Charu Majumdar was a communist revolutionary and the leader of Naxalbari uprising. He founded the Communist Party of India (Marxist Leninist). Q 6. Name the president who proclaimed emergency in 1975 in India.

Answer. President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad at midnight on 25 June 1975. Q 7. Who introduced Twenty Point Programme and Why?

Answer: Congress government led by Indira Gandhi introduced ‘Twenty Point Programme’ to maintain law and order and to restored efficiency including land reforms, eradication of bonded labour, land redistribution, workers participation in management etc. Q 8. Who became the symbol of restoration of democracy?

Answer: Jayaprakash Narayan, leader of Janata Party. Q 9. Mention the Historic decision given by the court in famous Kesavananda Bharati Case.

Answer: That there are some basic features of constitution not to be amended by parliament at all. It led to a crisis between the government and judiciary. Q 10. What was the controversy regarding the appointment of the chief justice A.N. Ray in 1973?

Answer: It became political controversial because in this appointment the government set aside the seniority of three judges who had given ruling against the stand of government. Q 11. Why did Congress win in Southern states?

Answer: 1. The impact of emergency was not felt equally in all the states. 2. The forced relocation and dis¬placements, the forced sterilisations were mostly concentrated in the northern states. Q 12. What do you mean by Preventive Detention?

Answer: In Preventive Detention Act, people are arrested and detained on the apprehension to commit any offence in future and government made large scale arrests under this during emergency.

Very Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks]

Q 1. What factors led to crisis of democratic order in Indian Politics?

Answer: 1. Emergence of Indira Gandhi with a lot of popularity. 2. Party competitions had been created. 3. Relation between the government and judiciary had become tense. Q 2. Mention the factors which led Naxalite movement in backward states.

Answer: 1. Forced labour 2. Exploitation by moneylenders 3. Exploitation of resources by outsiders. Q 3. What was Shah Commission of inquiry? How did government react to it? “

Answer: The Shah commission was appointed in May 1977 by Janata Party government headed by S.C. Shah, retired chief justice of Supreme Court of India to look into the matter of: 1. Allegations of abuse of authority. 2. Excesses and malpractices. 3. Actions taken in the name of emergency proclaimed on 25 June 1975. The government appeared before commission against various evidences but she refused to answer any question. Q 4. Describe any two outcomes of Naxalite Movement.

Answer: The ‘Naxalites’ were the Marxist and Leninist Agricultural workers of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar and adjoining areas who organised massive agitations against economic injustice and inequality and demanded redistribution of land to cultivators. Q 5. Mention circumstances to be characterised for imposition of emergency?

Answer: 1. Emergence of Indira Gandhi. 2. Power Politics became personalised and governmental authority was converted into personalization. 3. Bitter party competition. 4. Tense relations between the government and judiciary. Q 6. Who organised the first nationwide Satyagraha and Why?

Answer: It was organised by Jayaprakash Narayan for Indira Gandhi’s resignation, he appealed to people not to obey illegal and immoral orders by a massive demonstration on 25 June 1975. All these changed the political mood of the country against Congress.

Short Answer Type Questions [4 Marks]

Q 1. Explain the reasons for students movement of 1974 in Bihar and the role played by Jayaprakash Narayan in this movement.

Answer: Reasons for Student’s Movement of 1974: Students organised movement against: 1. Rising prices of food grains, cooking oil and other essential commodities. 2. Corruption in high places. Assess Role played by Jai Prakash Narayan: Satyagraha was organised by Jayaprakash Narayan for Indira Gandhi’s resignation, he appealed to people not to obey illegal and immoral orders by a massive demonstration on 25 June 1975. All these changed the political mood of the country against Congress. Q 2. Evaluate the consequences of declaration of emergency in 1975?

Answer: 1. It effected civil liberties of peoples i.e. in April11976 it was proved that the government could take away citizens’ right to life and liberty by overruling of high courts under supreme courts and accepted government’s plea. 2. The forth-second Amendment was also passed to bring a series of changes in constitution. 3. It affected the functioning of mass media also as press censorship took place which banned freedom of press and newspapers, which were supposed to prior approval before they publish any material. 4. Despite of filing many petitions government claimed it not to be necessary to be informed the grounds to arrested persons. Q 3. Explain any two lessons learnt from emergency imposed in 1975.

Answer: The emergency brought out weaknesses and strengths both to India’s democracy: 1. First lesson was felt that it was extremely difficult to do away with democracy in India. 2. Secondly, it amended that internal emergency could be proclaimed only on the grounds of armed rebellion, on the advice to the president to proclaim emergency must be given in writing by council of ministers. 3. Thirdly, emergency made everyone more aware of civil liberties as well as courts also took an active role in protecting civil liberties of individuals. Q 4. Examine the legacy of emergency of 1975 in India.

Answer: The legacy of emergency was felt in every sphere of people’s life and politics: 1. Between the elections of 1977 and 1980, Congress identified itself with particular ideology, claiming to be only socialist and pro-poor party. 2. The concept of non-Congression was created among oppositions parties. 3. The issues of welfare of backward classes began to dominate politics i. e. northern states elected non¬Congress leaders of backward class since 1977. 4. This period of emergency saw the period of constitutional crisis to loose its origin in constitutional battle over jurisdiction of parliament and judiciary. 5. This period created political crisis also as the party in power enjoyed absolute majority, still decided to suspend the democratic process. 6. The emergency tensed between institution based democracy and democracy based on spontaneous popular participation for which party system was to be blamed. Q 5. Why is emergency and period around it known as the period of constitutional crisis? Explain.

Answer: 1. The Parliament brought in many new changes in constitution which made an amendment declaring that elections of Prime Minister, President and Vice President could not be challenged in the court. 2. The forty second amendment was also passed to bring a series of changes in constitution like duration of legislatures, elections can be postponed by one year during emergency. Q 6. How far do you agree that the government had misused its emergency powers during 1975-77? Explain.

Answer: No, the government hence misused its ‘Emergency Powers’. But it said that it wanted to use the emergency: 1. To bring law and order into society. 2. To restore efficiency into administra¬tion and system. 3. To implement the pro-poor welfare programmes. Q 7. How did emergency of 1975 benefit the Indian democratic set up?

Answer: 1. Between the elections of 1977 and 1980, Congress identified itself with particulars ideology, claiming to be only socialist and pro-poor party. 2. The concept of non-Congressism was created among opposition parties. 3. The issues of welfare of backward class began to dominate politics i. e. Northern states elected non- Congress leaders of backward class since 1977. 4. The emergency tensed between institution based democracy and democracy based on spontaneous popular participation for which party system was to be blamed. Q 8. Describe any four circumstances for proclamation of emergency in 1975.

Answer:1. Emergence of Indira Gandhi. 2. Power politics became personalised and governmental authority was converted into personalization. 3. Bitter party competition. 4. Tensed relations between the government and judiciary. Q 9. Discuss the role of Jayaprakash Narayan in Bihar movement and national politics.

Answer: 1. Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan from Janata Party was a Marxist of youth, who became a Gandhian and involved himself in a Bhoodan movement. 2. He led Bihar movement and opposed the emergency. 3. Bihar students invited him and he accepted on the condition of movement to be non-violent and not to limit only to Bihar territory. Hence, Bihar movement assumed a political character and national appeal. 4. This movement demanded dismissal of Congress government in Bihar and called for total revolution in social, economic and political aspects to establish a total democracy. 5. Bandhs, gheraos, strikes were organised in protest. Even employees of railways organised a strike which threatened to paralyse the country. 6. In 1975, Janata Party led people’s march to parliament to be one of the largest political rallies ever held in capital. 7. Janata was supported by non¬Congress parties like BJS, socialist parties etc., which projected JP as an alternative to Indira Gandhi. Q 10. ‘Emergency was a Blackmark in Indian History’. Comment.

Answer: 1. Emergency was declared on the ground of internal disturbances on 25 June 1975 to invoke Article 352 of constitution. 2. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi recommended to impose emergency to president Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad. 3. Emergency was one of the most controversial episode which possessed different virus regarding to impose emergency. 4. Emergency practically suspended the democratic functioning. 5. ‘Shah Commission’ exposed many excesses committed during emergency. 6. Emergency highlighted some hidden matters over constitutional battle between the parliament and judiciary. 7. Tensions or conflicts had been arisen between institution based democracy and popular participation of people.

Passage Based Questions [5 Marks]

1. Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions: Once an emergency is proclaimed, the federal distribution of powers remains practically suspended and al 1 t be powc itc the hands of the union government. Secondly, the government also gets the power to curtail or restrict all or any of the Fundamental Rights during the emergency. From the wording of the provisions of the Constitution, it is clear that an Emergency is seen as an extra-iordinary condition in which normal democratic politics cannot function. Therefore, special powers are granted to the government.

Questions 1. When was emergency imposed? 2. Who recommended emergency to be imposed and to whom? 3. Mention the implications of emergency.

Answer: 1. 25 June 1975. 2. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi recommended to impose emergency to the president Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad. 3. (i) The federal distribution of powers remains practically suspended. (ii) All the powers are concentrated in the hands of Union government. (iii) The government also gets power to restrict all or any of Fundamental Rights during emergency. 2. Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions: There were many acts of dissent and resistance to the Emergency. Many political workers who were not arrested in the first wave, went ‘underground’ and organised protests against the government. Newspapers like the Indian Express and the Statesman protested against censorship by leaving blank spaces where news items had been censored. Magazines like the Seminar and the Mainstream chose to close down rather than submit to censorship. Many journalists were arrested for writing against the Emergency. Many underground newsletters and leaflets were published to bypass censorship. Kannada writer Shivarama Karanth, awarded with Padma Bhushan, and Hindi writer Fanishwarnath Renu, awarded with Padma Shri, returned their awards in protest against the suspension of democracy. By and large, though, such open acts of defiance and resistance were rare.

Questions 1. Why did people began to protest against government? 2. How did newspapers protest against censorship? 3. How did writers protest against the emergency? 4. Which magazines protested against censorship?

Answer: 1. Against imposition of emergency. 2. Newspaper like Indian Express and the Statesman protested against censorship by leaving blank spaces where news items had been censored. 3. Kannada writer Shivarama Karanth awarded with Padma Bhushan and Hindi writer Fanishwarnath Renu awarded with Padma Shri returned their awards in protest against suspension of democracy. 4. Magazines like ‘Seminar’ and ‘Mainstream’ chose to close down rather than submit to censorship.

Long Answer Type Questions [6 Marks]

Q 1. Analyse any three lessons learnt from the emergency of 1975.

Answer:

(i) The emergency of 1975 at once brought out both the weaknesses’ and the strengths of India’s democracy. Though there are many observers who think that India ceased to be democratic during the emergency, it is noteworthy that normal democratic functioning resumed within a short span of time. Thus, one lesson of Emergency is that it is extremely difficult to do away with democracy in India.

(ii) It brought out some ambiguities regarding the emergency provision in the constitution that have been rectified since. Now ‘internal’ emergency can be proclaimed only on the grounds of ‘armed rebellion’ and it is necessary that the advice to the President to proclaim emergency must be given in writing by the Council of Ministers.

(iii) The Emergency made everyone aware of the value of civil liberties. The courts, too, have taken an active role after the emergency in protecting the civil liberties of the individuals. This is in response to the inability of the judiciary to protect civil liberties effectively during the emergency. Many civil liberties organizations came up after this experience. Q 2. Examine the three consequences of emergency imposed in 1975.

Answer:

(a) Effects on Civil Liberties of Citizens: 1. The government made large scale arrests under preventive detention. 2. Arrested political persons could not challenge arrest even under Habeas Corpus petition. 3. Despite filing many petitions government claimed it not to be necessary to be informed of grounds to arrested persons. 4. In April 1976, finally it was proved that the government could taken away citizen’s right to life and liberty by over ruling of high courts under supreme court and accepted government’s plea.

(b) Impact on Relationship between Parliament and Judiciary: 1. The parliament brought in many new changes in constitution which made an amendment declaring that election of Prime Minister, President and Vice¬president could not be challenged in the court. 2. The forty-second amendment (42nd) was also passed to bring a series of changes in constitution like duration of legislatures, elections can be postponed by one year during an emergency.

(c) Functioning of Mass Media: 1. Press censorship took place which banned freedom of press is newspapers were supposed to seek prior approval before they publish any material. 2. Protests, strikes and public agitations were also banned. 3. Various fundamental rights were also suspended including even Right to move to Court for Restoration of Fundamental Rights. 4. Kannada writer Shivarama Karnata awarded with Padma Bhushan and Hindi writer Fanishwarnath Renu with Padmashri returned their awards on protest against suspension of democracy. 5. Newspapers mainly Indian Express, and the Statesman protested against censorship by leaving blank editorial column. Q 3. Examine any six reasons for the imposition of emergency in India in 1975. Or Analyse any three reasons for imposing emergency on 25 June 1975. Did the government misuse its emergency powers? Give any three arguments in support of answers.

Answer: (i) Emergency was proclaimed in response to petition filed by Raj Narayan to declare Indira Gandhi’s election invalid. (ii) On June 25, 1975, the government declared the threat of internal disturbances to invoke Article 352 of constitution. (iii) Article 352 can declare emergency on ground of either internal or external disturbances. (iv) The government decided a grave crisis to be arisen to proclaim emergency to bring law and order, restore efficiency and implement pro-poor Welfare Programmes. (v) The President FakhruddinAli Ahmad proclaimed emergency which became the most controversial episode in Indian politics. (vi) Power politics became personalised and governmental authority was converted into personalization Q 4. Assess any three happenings which were responsible for the downfall of Congress Party in the 1977 elections. Or ‘The 1977 elections for the first time saw the opposition coming to power at the centre’. Examine any six reasons for this change.

Answer: The 1977 elections were evolved as a shock to everyone as Congress Party was defeated for the very first time and opposition party came into power: 1. The opposition adopted the slogan ‘save democracy’ against imposition of emergency earlier. 2. The opposition campaigned non- democratic character of rule which provided various excesses. 3. The opposition party highlighted the preventive detention and press censorship to favour public opinion. 4. Janata Party also ensured not to divide non-Congress votes. 5. Middle section of North India was moving away from Congress for whom Janata Party became a platform. 6. Hence, elections of 1977 emerged many other factors instead about emergency only. Q 5. Explain any three outcomes of Lok Sabha elections of 1977.

Answer: 1. In March 1977 elections, for the first time, Congress lost elections with winning 154 seats only. 2. Janata Party and its allies won 330 seats out of 542 seats. 3. Congress lost from the states of Bihar, U.P., Haryana, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh. 4. Janata Party was formed of coalitions under the leadership of Jayaprakash Narayana. 5. Janata Party called this election as a referendum on emergency. 6. Opposition party realised not to divide the votes to enjoy the power under one umbrella. 7. All these indicated a tough time for Congress ahead. Q 6. What is Naxalite movement? Evaluate its role in Indian politics.

Answer: The Naxalites were the Marxist and Leninist agricultural workers of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar and adjoining areas which organised massive agilations against economic injustice and inequality and demanded redistribution of land to cultivators. Role in Indian Politics: 1. Naxalite, did not participate in the elections formally but these were actively associated with parties. 2. Naxalites ensured a better representation of demands of deprived social sections in party politics. 3. These movements retained associations or relations alongwith the political parties either as an individual or as an organisations.

Picture/Map Based Questions [5 Marks]

1. Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

Questions 1. What was the slogan of Janata Party to campaign in elections? 2. Identify the person who is sitting on ground holding the slogan. 3. Against which practices Jayaprakash Narayana agitated?

Answer: 1. Save Democracy. 2. Jayaprakash Narayan. 3. Corruption, lawlessness, violence, and most important against imposition of emergency. Q 2. Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

Question. 1. When did cartoon appear in the newspaper and why? 2. Identify the person behind Indira Gandhi. 3. Identify what does the ‘Political Crisis’ stand for. Explain.

Answer: 1. This cartoon appeared few days before the declaration of emergency to capture the sense of impending political crisis. 2. The then Congress president D.K. Barooah. 3. Political crisis in 1977 made the party system in India look like a two party system i.e. Congress and non¬Congress to end one party dominance and emergence of non-Congress party Janata Party as an umbrella for others. Q 3. Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

Questions 1. What situation does the picture refer to? 2. Which Commission is represented into the cartoon? 3. Mention some points of this Commission’s report.

Answer: 1. Appearance of Indira Gandhi before Commission but refused to answer any question. 2. Shah Commission’s report about emergency. 3. (i) There were many excesses committed during emergency. (ii) Several restrictions were put on the press sometimes without legal sanction. (iii) Many people were arrested under preventive detention law. (iv) Even general manager of Delhi Power Supply Corporation received verbal orders from the officers of Lt. Governor of Delhi to cut electricity to all newspaper presses at 2 a.m. on 26 June 1975.

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ncertsolutionsbook · 6 years ago

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NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science

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saurabhblog7007 · 3 years ago

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NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 12

Friction

Students are taught through NCERT books in a number of state board and CBSE Schools. NCERT class 8 science chapter 12 As the chapter comes to an end, there's an exercise provided to help students prepare for evaluation. Students should solve these exercises thoroughly as the questions in the final exam are asked from these. Sometimes, students get stuck in the exercises and are unable to solve all the questions.

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2. Begin your JEE Main preparation as soon as possible: JEE Main 2021 is a challenging exam, and incomplete preparation increases the chances of failing. As a result, students must prepare thoroughly to succeed. And, in essence, preparing properly entails preparing early. As early starters, pupils will have more time to fine-tune their preparation if the track is lost for any reason. If a student is falling behind in a particular portion or topic, there will be enough time to determine whether coaching or another sort of intervention is required. They will keep things under control and not worry as exam day approaches if they have enough time to prepare, presuming they read and practise harder issues.

3. Read and use recommended books: Purchase books that are simple and easy to read and thoroughly go over each subject of the curriculum. To help to understand concepts, books use numerous illustrations and examples. They also make fewer errors and make fewer vague statements.

4. Go through NCERT Chemistry Books: NCERT Chemistry books alone are insufficient to answer all of the questions posed in JEE Main Chemistry. Students must read additional books and a comprehensive JEE Main Chemistry preparation. Another important aspect is that they are the most dependable source of information for learning the fundamental ideas of all of the topics included in the syllabus. Students should pay great attention to the highlighted parts and activities in these books since they are crucial to comprehending the fundamental foundations of the topic and pave the way for understanding concepts found in higher-level chemistry publications such as Atkins. Practising problems from the NCERT Chemistry Exemplar is also recommended to get the most out of these books.

5. Maintain a routine: Having a routine helps bring order to the chaos that surrounds JEE Main preparation. A routine can assist in the development of short- and long-term objectives. Daily or weekly goals, such as finishing a given topic or set of challenges, are examples of short-term goals. Long-term objectives could include completing the syllabus in a certain amount of time. It is much easy to rate your progress this way. If the learner is falling behind, adjustments to the routine may be necessary. Those who don’t want to stick to a schedule might want to check in on their progress now and then to make sure they’re still on track.

6. Take care of your mental and physical health: Humans do not have an unlimited supply of energy and require rest and refreshment regularly. Otherwise, the body will not respond to challenges in the way that it is supposed to. Furthermore, while JEE Main 2021 is a rigorous exam, there is no need for the body to make a superhuman effort to pass it. For example, there is no need to study for 14-15 hours per day; 7-8 hours per day should suffice. Get up on time, study for a set amount of time, and go to bed on time. The end outcome will be satisfactory!

7. Practice last year’s question papers: Mistakes made on particular days are more costly than mistakes made on other days. When solving a prior year’s question paper, make mistakes if you want to stay positive. However, making the same error on exam day could be a dangerous game. To avoid this destiny, spend as much time as possible practising previous year’s exam papers. It will educate time management, identify areas where foolish errors occur, and familiarise you with the JEE Main exam structure. Furthermore, if recent question papers are solved, there is a good likelihood that specific questions will be repeated. If this occurs, you can receive some free points!

8. Keep speed and accuracy in mind while practising for JEE exam: The final JEE Main 2021 Chemistry preparation advice is about putting what you’ve learned into practice. Check whether the issues can be solved and all of the questions can be answered within the time limit when practising question papers or taking a mock test. If the student’s time runs out and they are still stuck on half a dozen questions, it’s a hint that speed has to be improved.

To do well in chemistry, you must improve your response strike rate. Mistakes can be minimised by clarifying concepts and performing problem-solving exercises. Tutoroot assists students by providing live JEE interactive classes taught by highly qualified professionals. They help you stay on track with your JEE preparation and monitoring and assisting you in making progress.

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falgunshah · 3 years ago

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Unlock your Science Revision Strategies

Science is a multi-disciplined subject that aids students in understanding a wide range of concepts and issues. CBSE class 9 science and class 8 science notes comprise detailed notes for the students. These notes have been created by expert teachers and can help the students master complicated ideas across all chapters. The class 9 science and class 8 science notes are designed to make even the most difficult topics appear simple to students. Students can use these notes to efficiently study for their examinations, as they are based on the most recent syllabus.

CBSE class 9 science: Curriculum and Revision Notes

For some students, studying and understanding the concepts of science can be a difficult task. To make it a little easier, they must focus on NCERT-based study material CBSE class 9 science, including textbook solutions, videos, sample question papers, preparation tips, and various other resources. These study materials assist students in grasping the most complex concepts and passing the exams with flying colours.

The CBSE class 9 science course is separated into 15 chapters, with Chemistry containing 4 chapters, Biology 6, and Physics having 5 chapters. Each chapter’s concepts are further divided into descriptive topics for easy revision. In addition, each chapter of class 9 science revision notes contains a set of themes, and each topic has its own set of resources, such as videos, notes, and question banks.

Revising is an excellent approach to improve your learning and writing skills. Critical reading and revision are inextricably linked. Through CBSE class 9 science revision notes, a student can write his answers more conceptually and deliver a message corresponding to their objective. Online access to class 9 science notes is very simple. You can also use these science notes to help you revise the entire syllabus and improve your exam scores.

Class 8 science notes: Curriculum and Revision Notes

Class 8 science notes for revision are organised so that students may quickly review the most significant concepts in each chapter. Each crucial subject is thoroughly discussed in the notes. These class 8 science notes are well-organised and include vital, neatly labelled chapter graphics to make the learning more accessible. Rather than maintaining the notes in a conventional black and white style, the class 8 science notes contain some colourful images and diagrams. This way, these science notes manifest the belief that learning must be fun rather than a tedious task.

The NCERT curriculum is also followed in the class 8 science notes. In addition, for Mathematics, Science, Social Science, Hindi Grammar, and English Grammar, you can get chapter-by-chapter revision notes.

Revision notes are an excellent way to review the concepts covered in each chapter quickly. These revision notes are meticulously crafted by a group of expert faculty members who conducted extensive research before writing them. To download the class 9 science and class 8 science notes, simply go to a chapter and look for the section on revision notes. When you click to view the paper, you can download it from there.

#CBSE class 9 science #class 8 science notes #class 9 science

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iamsharma · 3 years ago

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10 reasons why NCERT solutions are suitable for entrance testing

1. NCERT textbooks adhere to the CBSE Curriculum

If you go through the entry test papers you will see that the question paper is based on the CBSE curriculum. NCERT is a publishing house or publisher that issues its publications according to guidelines issued by the CBSE. According to them, they made question papers for the exams. For CBSE Board students it is a great opportunity as it reduces student time and effort.

2. NCERT textbooks cover all syllabus topics

NCERT books are excellent if you want to read on any topic. It covers everything the student wants and needs to learn. They cover all the topics from the syllabus. When preparing for an entrance exam, the student needs to pass the topics carefully. And they conclude by referring to a few reference books. NCERT books are one step in the preparation books.

3. They provide good information in simple language

Language is the most prominent aspect of a topic. If the topic is not in simple language, the reader can understand it. NCERT textbooks are mainly issued to students in grades 9 through 12, so they make content accordingly. Either Mathematics, Science or Social content provided in NCERT books will be very simple and in very simple language. Then there are NCERT solutions and NCERT sample papers that resolve all their doubts and questions.

4. NCERT publications and NCERT solutions cover all chapters and topics in detail

Aside from the fact that NCERT Books and NCERT solutions are made in simple language and published according to guidelines issued by CBSE, it covers all topics in detail. Topics are very well explained and detailed. With these NCERT Science and Mathematical Solutions, students can solve any doubts and questions they have, even the most complex parts.

5. Provides a summary at the end of each chapter

NCERT Books summarizes the chapter at the end to make it easier for readers to read. The reader can review the chapter within minutes. It also deals with all the formulas given in the chapter. And the points and examples mentioned in the box are also important.

6. Many entry test questions are similar to those in the NCERT publications

If you look at the questionnaire, you will see that the questions are the same as the entry test curriculum is the same as the CBSE Board curriculum. Most students rely on NCERT solutions for exam preparation. It also helps students who are doing their board exams. It is especially useful in Mathematics and Science.

7. NCERT textbooks are the most reliable study material for JEE exams

There are many questions specifically selected in NCERT Books and NCERT solutions. Often one-line questions or online tests for classes 7 to 12 are selected for NCERT Books, which is why students need to check NCERT Books carefully. They do not have to rely on various reference books. It basically saves their time and energy.

8. Useful in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

The chemical reactions given in the experiment came from NCERT Books. Provides detailed information and all reactions to Organic and Inorganic chemistry.

9. Expect the material directly from the NCERT Physics manual

In physics, there is not much theory, there are some that come out mainly with questions given in NCERT books well. Questions from most chapters selected from NCERT Books only. And part of the 11th class is very important for the purpose of entrance testing.

10. Helps to cool your foundations

NCERT gives you a detailed description of the topics. It gives you a clear view of the topics without confusion. Provides a basic context for the topic. A clear concept of foundations plays an important role in clearing entry tests.

Source- https://www.entrancei.com/

#ncert #ncert textbooks #ncert solutions #ncert books #ncert course #ncert exam #ncert 2022

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onlinelearningcourseguide · 4 years ago

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Educational App For Class 6

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 is the best way to revise or revise with addition to your child's learning. It comprises a full range of content and reference material that students need to score well in their CBSE Class 6 exam. With topics from the CBSE syllabus, the app will help students manage the time they spend on each topic so that they can coordinate it well with their other activities in life.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 provides a range of questions that help students to understand and learn the topics in a very efficient manner. Topics and multiple-choice questions are prepared by the experts at CBSE, who also prepare question papers for Class 6 examinations. The app has detailed answers to every question, after which students can practice with test paper simulation in Multiple Choice.

NCERT Class 6 Subject Names

Hindi

English

Mathematics

Social Studies

Science

Class 6 Maths Chapter Names

Chapter 1 - Knowing Our Numbers

Chapter 2 - Whole Numbers

Chapter 3 - Playing with Numbers

Chapter 4 - Basic Geometrical Ideas

Chapter 5 - Understanding Elementary Shapes

Chapter 6 - Integers

Chapter 7 - Fractions

Chapter 8 - Decimals

Chapter 9 - Data Handling

Chapter 10 - Mensuration

Chapter 11 - Algebra

Chapter 12 - Ratio and Proportion

Chapter 13 - Symmetry

Chapter 14 - Practical Geometry

Fliplearn is the best app for students to solve their problems in any subject at any time. For the class 6 students, it is very important to score good marks, so that their starting base of learning will be strong and in the future, they will not get any problem in any subject.

#Onlinelearning #onlinecourses #students #fliplearn #education

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homerevise1 · 4 years ago

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Here Are 10 Tips That You Follow 10 Days Before Examinations

1. Don’t Study

See, you've got only 10 days and there are 5-6 subjects. It isn't time to study anything new. Just revise and exercise questions. If you will study new thing, that will only confuse you.

2. Relax

Take nice rest and sleep for at least 7-8 hours. Have a healthy diet and good amount of water. Don’t take any kind of tension. It’s time to give a finalizing touch to your studies so don’t make any hastiness-bustle now.

3. Don’t Compare

Don’t compare yourself with others. Everyone has their own capabilities. Just do your best. Don’t try to know who's doing better than you and who's lagging before. Just concentrate on your medication.

4. Revise the Notes

Still, it’s time to revise them, If you have formerly prepared notes. However, you can get notes from your preceptors or you can download them from NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths type websites, If not. Indeed if you don’t find it anywhere, read titles and mottoes from NCERT Books followed by the summary given at the end of each chapter.

5. Practice Mock Tests

It’s time to exercise mock tests or model question papers. However, revise one subject in a day and also essay a mock test of the model question paper unfeignedly, If possible. It'll surely boost up your confidence.

6. Focus on Weak Areas

While trying mock tests, give some time to review your miscalculations and revise the generalities again. But make sure that there's no time to dive deep into it. Just try to get the gist of the generalities.

7. Don’t Ignore CBSE Question Bank

As you know, 10th standard has released a question bank for nearly all major subjects. You can get it NCERT Class 10 Maths Book. You must exercise all these questions. Also, have a look over questions handed in Diksha App.

8. Make Your Study Plan

As bandied, you have only 10 days and you cannot study everything in detail now. So, the stylish thing is to make a study plan that suits you. You have to give further time to subjects like Maths and Physics as compared to English and Social.

9. Bandy Problems

Still, you'll noway forget them and you'll get a good sapience on how to attack similar problems as well, If you bandy the problematic questions with your musketeers and preceptors. So, if possible, bandy questions as important as possible.

10. It’s NOT the Final Test

Don’t take it as the final test of life. It’s the morning. There are hundreds of similar examinations you'll have to face in life. No test in the world can decide your future. Just be concentrated, give your stylish and move ahead

Also, make sure to check out NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science by Home Revise.

#NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths #NCERT Solutions Maths Class 10 #NCERT Class 10 Maths Book #NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science #NCERT Solutions Science Class 10 #NCERT Class 10 Science Book #ncert solutions for class 3 maths #ncert solutions for class 2 maths #NCERT Solutions for Class 1 Science #NCERT Solutions for Class 4 Science

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ncert-solutions-blog · 6 years ago

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#Class8HistoryChapter4 #NCERTSolutionsforClass8SocialScienceHistoryChapter4HindiMedium #NCERTSolutions

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ncertsolutionsbook · 6 years ago

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Materials Metals and Non Metals

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tutoroot · 3 years ago

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Complete IIT JEE Course for 2022

It is the fag end of the year and exams are on the top of mind for every student and parent. Tutoroot launches short term 3 month crash courses for IIT-JEE.

Advantages of having Tutoroot Classes

1. Live Interactive classes

2. Recordings of all classes in our website

3. Full access to all study material for all mentioned subjects

4. Chapter tests for all chapters (Subjective & objective questions with solutions)

5.5 Mock tests for Maths & Science subjects in board exam pattern (Subjective & objective questions with solutions)

6. Past 5 years previous Years’ question papers with solutions for Maths, Science and Social subjects

7. Students can check attendance and assessment reports and discuss with the mentor assigned to a student

8. Parents will get a call from the respective mentors assigned to students weekly once.

Here are some helpful online courses for IIT JEE Main preparation suggestions for the chemistry subject and the entire exam.

#IITCoachingClasses #IITOnlineCourses #OnlineCoaching #OnlineCoursesforIITJEE #HomeTutorOnline #OnlineHomeTuition

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