#NeutralAtomQuantumComputing

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Neutral Atom Quantum Computing By Quantum Error Correction

Atom-Neutral Quantum Computing

Microsoft and Atom Computing say neutral atom processors are resilient due to atomic replacement and coherence.

Researchers have showed they can monitor, re-initialize, and replace neutral atoms in a quantum processor to decrease atom loss. This breakthrough allows the creation of a logically encoded Bell state and extended quantum circuits with 41 repetition code error correction rounds. These advances in atomic replenishment from a continuous beam and real-time conditional branching are a huge step towards realistic,  fault-tolerant quantum computation using logical qubits that surpass physical qubits.

Quantum Computing Background and Challenges:

Delicate qubits' quantum states are prone to loss and errors, making quantum computing difficult. Neutral atom quantum computer architectures experienced problems reducing atom loss despite their potential scalability and connectivity. Atoms lost from the optical tweezer array due to spontaneous emission or background gas collisions might create mistakes and quantum state disturbances.

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for achieving low error rates (e.g., 10⁶ for 100 qubits) for scientific or industrial applications, as present physical qubits lack reliability for large-scale operations. By encoding physical qubits into “logical” qubits, QEC handles noise using software.

Atom Loss Mitigation and Coherence Advances:

A huge team of Microsoft Quantum, Atom Computing, Inc., Stanford, and Colorado physics researchers addressed these difficulties. Ben W. Reichardt, Adam Paetznick, David Aasen, Juan A. Muniz, Daniel Crow, Hyosub Kim, and many more university participants wrote “Logical computation demonstrated with a neutral atom quantum processor,” a groundbreaking article. They found that missing atoms may be dynamically restored without impacting qubit coherence, which is necessary for superposition computations.

The method recovers lost atoms and replaces them from a continuous atomic beam, “healing” the quantum processor during processing. Long-term calculations and overcoming atom number constraints require this functionality. The neutral atom processor offers two-qubit physical gate fidelity and all-to-all atom movement with up to 256 Ytterbium atoms. Infidelity of two-qubit CZ gates with atom movement is 0.4(1)%, while single-qubit operations average 99.85(2)%. The platform also uses "erasure conversion" to identify and fix gate flaws by translating them into atom loss.

Important Experiments: The study highlights several achievements:

Extended Error Correction/Entanglement:

Researchers completed 41 rounds of symptom extraction using a repetition code, which is a considerable increase in complexity and duration for neutral atom systems. A logically encoded Bell state was also “heralded” and measured to be ready. Encoding 24 logical qubits with the distance-two ⟦4,2,2⟧ code yielded the largest cat state ever. This considerably reduced X and Z basis errors (26.6% vs. 42.0% unencoded).

Logical Qubits' Algorithmic Advantage:

Using up to 28 logical qubits (112 physical qubits) encoded in ⟦4,1,2⟧, the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm achieved better-than-physical error rates. This showed how encoded algorithms can turn physical errors into heralded erasures, improving measures like anticipated Hamming distance despite reduced acceptance rates.

Repeated Loss/error Correction:

Researchers repeated fault-tolerant loss repair between computational steps. Using a ▦4,2,2⟧ coding block, encoded circuits outperformed unencoded ones over multiple rounds by interleaving logical CZ and dual CZ gates with error detection and qubit refresh. They performed random logical circuits with fault-tolerant gates to prove encoded operations were better.

Bacon-Shor Code Correction Beyond Loss:

Neutral atoms successfully corrected defects in the qubit subspace and atom loss using the distance-three ⟦9,1,3⟧ Bacon-Shor code for the first time. This renewing ancilla qubit technique can address both sorts of problems with logical error rates of 4.9% after one round and 8% after two rounds.

Potential for Quantum Computing

This work shows neutral atoms' unique potential for reliable, fault-tolerant quantum computing by combining scalability, high-fidelity operations, and all-to-all communication. In large-scale neutral atom quantum computers, loss-to-erasure conversion for logical circuits is useful. This discovery, along with superconducting and trapped-ion qubit breakthroughs, shifts quantum processing from physical to logical qubit results. Better two-qubit gate fidelities and scaling to 10,000 qubits will enable durable logical qubits and longer distance codes, enabling deep, logical computations and scientific quantum advantage.

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Pasqal’s Neutral-Atom QPU On Google Cloud Marketplace

Google Cloud Marketplace now offers Pasqal's Neutral-Atom Quantum Computer.

World leader in neutral-atom quantum computing is Pasqal. The business announced a cooperation with Google Cloud to sell their Neutral-atom QPU on the Marketplace. This cooperation seeks to expand quantum computing access.

The publication indicates that Google Cloud users can now use the all-in-one Pasqal Cloud platform. This standalone platform improves computer performance and adds quantum capabilities to operations.

How many qubits does Pasqal's QPU have?

The cooperation lets users compute with Pasqal's 100-qubit QPU. Users can quickly run and track computations. The platform optimises post-process results and quantum processes with advanced capabilities.

Google Cloud Marketplace's flexible, pay-as-you-go model benefits Pasqal and Google Cloud users worldwide. This idea aims to reduce infrastructure costs for enterprises testing neutral-atom quantum computing hardware.

Pasqal's open-source software stack lets Google Cloud users define quantum workloads. This technique attempts to make cloud-based quantum computing accessible to beginners and experts. The software stack includes low-level libraries that control the QPU fully.

Pasqal also offers high-level libraries to handle computational problems without quantum computing knowledge. These high-level libraries support graph machine learning. Pasqal plans to release more quantum simulation and optimisation work in 2025.

Putting the QPU on Google Cloud Marketplace will help Pasqal get more useable quantum. With its availability, researchers and enterprises can get quantum runtime from their cloud settings. Pasqal's frictionless paradigm for scalable quantum computing meets modern hybrid infrastructure needs. Dai Vu, Google Cloud's Managing Director Marketplace & ISV GTM Programs, said Pasqal's QPU will let customers swiftly deploy, manage, and grow the solution on Google Cloud's trusted, global infrastructure.

This Google Cloud Marketplace availability enhances Pasqal's hardware, cloud, and software capabilities. Pasqal focusses on Manufacturing & Materials Science, Government & Public Sector, Aerospace & Defence, Banking & Finance, Energy & Utilities, Pharma & Healthcare, and Transportation & Mobility.

Understanding Pasqal's Neutral-Atom QPU

Pasqal specialises on neutral-atom quantum computing. Pasqal says its team co-invented neutral atom technology. Growing on this base, they are building quantum computers and commercialising scientific breakthroughs.

The company's quantum computers use neutral atoms. A Google Cloud Marketplace-sold Pasqal 100-qubit QPU. Pasqal's technological overview emphasises “Neutral Atoms Technology”.

The sources do not explain how a neutral-atom QPU works, including its physical principles, qubit definition, gate implementation, and atom trapping and manipulation. Pasqal's technological skills and future goals are revealed by the sources.

Their roadmap describes Pasqal's technology development. Both 2022 and 2023 had 200 Qubits. By 2024, they planned 1,000 Qubits with atom shuttling, 3 Hz, and Z + X addressability. By 2025, 1,000 qubits, one addressable 1Q and 2Q gate, 13 Hz, and ultra-high fidelity gates are planned. Pasqal has “1000+ ATOMS” according to reports.

Pasqal concentrates on digital, analogue, and error correction. According to a blog series on fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), quantum defects are unavoidable, analogue and digital paradigms manage them differently, and fault tolerance is necessary for scaling quantum systems. Pasqal and Riverlane also pursue Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing.

The sources don't detail the neutral-atom QPU's operation, but they suggest that Pasqal pioneered this type of quantum computing technology and provides cloud-based access to its systems.

FAQs

Neutral-atom QPU?

A neutral one QPUs are quantum computers that use neutral atoms as qubits. Using intense laser light, optical tweezers place these atoms. Neutral-atom QPUs offer quantum computing potential in scalability, coherence, and flexibility.

The price of neutral atom qpu?

No price is listed for Pasqal's neutral-atom QPU hardware. Quantum computers like Pasqal's in the Google Cloud Marketplace are often accessed via cloud services. Depending on usage and source, cloud access prices vary substantially.