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Científicos descubren un nuevo fenómeno en las nubes de Venus el hermano malvado de la tierra
La nave espacial MESSENGER de la NASA tomó una serie de imágenes al acercarse a Venus el 5 de junio de 2007. Esta es la primera vez que se observa una posible onda planetaria en la porcion mas profunda de la atmósfera, en la cual juega un papel muy importante el efecto de invernadero que hace de Venus el planeta de temperaturas mas elevadas del sistema solar. El telescopio IRTF de la NASA ha…
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#atmosfera planetaria#CIENCIA#Coordinación de Defensa Planetaria#Estudios#JAXA#Messenger#NASA#Nave espacial#Nordic Optical Telescope#Radio telescopios#Sistema solar#Venus
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M1: The Crab Nebula from NOT
Credits: Walter Nowotny, U. Wien, Nordic Optical Telescope
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𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝒕'𝒔 𝑬𝒚𝒆 𝑵𝒆����𝒖𝒍𝒂
An enormous but extremely faint halo of gaseous material surrounds the Cat's Eye Nebula and is over three light-years across. Within the past years some planetary nebulae been found to have halos like this one, likely formed of material ejected during earlier active episodes in the star's evolution - most likely some 50,000 to 90,000 years ago.
This image was taken by Romano Corradi with the Nordic Optical Telescope on La Palma in the Canary Islands. The image is constructed from two narrow-band exposures showing oxygen atoms (1800 seconds, in blue) and nitrogen atoms (1800 seconds, in red).
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2020 June 7
Halo of the Cat's Eye Image Credit & Copyright: R. Corradi (Isaac Newton Group), Nordic Optical Telescope
Explanation: The Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC 6543) is one of the best known planetary nebulae in the sky. Its haunting symmetries are seen in the very central region of this stunning false-color picture, processed to reveal the enormous but extremely faint halo of gaseous material, over three light-years across, which surrounds the brighter, familiar planetary nebula. Made with data from the Nordic Optical Telescope in the Canary Islands, the composite picture shows extended emission from the nebula. Planetary nebulae have long been appreciated as a final phase in the life of a Sun-like star. Only much more recently however, have some planetaries been found to have halos like this one, likely formed of material shrugged off during earlier active episodes in the star's evolution. While the planetary nebula phase is thought to last for around 10,000 years, astronomers estimate the age of the outer filamentary portions of this halo to be 50,000 to 90,000 years.
∞ Source: apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200607.html
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Halo of the Cats Eye via NASA https://ift.tt/2A8S0Jb
The Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC 6543) is one of the best known planetary nebulae in the sky. Its haunting symmetries are seen in the very central region of this stunning false-color picture, processed to reveal the enormous but extremely faint halo of gaseous material, over three light-years across, which surrounds the brighter, familiar planetary nebula. Made with data from the Nordic Optical Telescope in the Canary Islands, the composite picture shows extended emission from the nebula. Planetary nebulae have long been appreciated as a final phase in the life of a Sun-like star. Only much more recently however, have some planetaries been found to have halos like this one, likely formed of material shrugged off during earlier active episodes in the star's evolution. While the planetary nebula phase is thought to last for around 10,000 years, astronomers estimate the age of the outer filamentary portions of this halo to be 50,000 to 90,000 years.
(Published June 07, 2020)
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Different Filters, Different Telescopes, Same Beautiful Planetary Nebula
Top two ~
NGC 6543, Cat's Eye Nebula Imaged with Hubble
Credits: (left) NASA, ESA, J.P. Harrington and K.J. Borkowski (U. Maryland)(right) NASA, STScI, and Z. Levay
These two images of the Cat's Eye Nebula were both taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. The image on the left was taken in 1994 with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) in filters that isolate hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The image on the right uses a sulfur filter taken with WFPC2 and combines it with hydrogen and oxygen filters taken in 2002 with the Advanced Camera for Surveys High Resolution Camera (ACS/HRC). (Note: the red line in the image on the right is an artifact of the HRC "occulting finger" used to block out starlight on bright sources.)
Lower two ~
NGC 6543, Cat's Eye Nebula Imaged with NOT
Credits: (left) R. Corradi (Isaac Newton Group) and D. Goncalves (Inst. Astrofisica de Canarias) (right) Nordic Optical Telescope and R. Corradi (Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Spain)
The next two images are also of the Cat's Eye Nebula, taken with the ground-based Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), located on the island of La Palma, in the Canary Islands. Notice that the wide field of view of the ground-based telescope shows nebulosity out beyond the central region that was imaged by Hubble. Both images were taken by astronomer, Romano Corradi, in two narrow-band filters: nitrogen and oxygen. The images differ in the assignment of the color scheme used to show the differing filters. The left image shows nitrogen in red and oxygen in green and blue shades. The right image shows oxygen in blue and nitrogen in red.
This image of the Cat's Eye Nebula shows the full extent of the ACS images that are not visible in the release image or the HRC images on this page. Three more pointings of the ACS Wide Field Camera would be necessary to cover the faint outer shell structure.
Credit: NASA, STScI, and Z. Levay
~ http://heritage.stsci.edu/2004/27/supplemental.html
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Se siamo un minimo capaci di osservare, vedremo che la mente è sempre attiva alla sua superficie, occupata con il conformismo, il lavoro, il guadagnarci la vita, l'espressione di determinate tendenze, doni, talenti o con l'acquisizione di determinate conoscenze tecniche. La maggior parte di noi si accontenta di vivere a questo livello superficiale. Osservate voi stessi, sto descrivendo ciò che avviene alla superficie nella nostra vita quotidiana: distrazioni, fughe, occasionali cadute nella paura, adeguamenti alla moglie, al marito, alla famiglia, alla società, alla tradizione e così via. La maggior parte di noi è soddisfatta di questa superficialità. Potete essere socialmente floridi, potete avere innumerevoli proprietà, automobili, case, frigoriferi, pace superficiale; ma se non viene in essere ciò che è incommensurabile, ci sarà sempre sofferenza. Liberare la mente dal condizionamento è la fine della sofferenza.
È molto interessante scoprire da soli i modi in cui la vostra mente è occupata. Che si tratti di che cosa cucinare, dei figli, dei divertimenti, della virtù o di Dio, la mente è sempre occupata. Ma può una mente occupata vedere qualcosa di nuovo, qualcosa al di là della sua occupazione? Che cosa accade alla mente se non è occupata? Abbiamo paura di non essere occupati, paura delle sue implicazioni sociali. Una persona che non è occupata potrebbe scoprire se stessa così com'è, perciò l'occupazione diventa una fuga da ciò che si è. Ma il nuovo non può manifestarsi finchè la mente è occupata. Solo la mente che è completamente non occupata può ricevere qualcosa di nuovo. Solo quando la mente è libera da qualunque senso di dipendenza può trovare l'incommensurabile.
Jiddu Krishnamurti
Phto: Nebulosa Occhio di Gatto (NGC 6543)
Image Credit & Copyright: R. Corradi (Isaac Newton Group), Nordic Optical Telescop
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Kedi Gözü’nün Halesi
Görsel & Telif: R. Corradi (Isaac Newton Group), Nordic Optical Telescope
Kedi Gözü Nebulası (NGC 6543), gökyüzündeki en iyi bilinen gezegenimsi nebulalardan birisidir. Nebulanın akılda kalan simetrileri, daha parlak ve tanıdık gezegenimsi nebulayı çevreleyen, üç ışık yılından daha geniş muazzam ama aşırı derecede sönük gazlı madde halesini ortaya çıkarmak için işlenen bu etkileyici sahte renkli görselin tam merkez bölgesinde görülüyor. Kanarya Adaları’ndaki Nordic Optik Teleskobu’nun verileriyle oluşturulan kompozit görüntü, nebulanın yaygın emisyonunu gösteriyor. Gezegenimsi nebulalar uzun zamandır Güneş benzeri bir yıldızın yaşamındaki son safha olarak kabul ediliyor. Ama çok daha yakın zamanda, bazı gezegenimsilerin muhtemelen yıldızın evrimindeki daha eski aktif zamanlarında atılan maddelerden oluşan, buna benzer halelere sahip oldukları bulundu. Gezegenimsi nebula evresinin yaklaşık 10.000 yıl sürdüğü düşünülse de, astronomlar bu halenin dıştaki ipliksi bölümlerinin yaşının 50.000-90.000 yıl arası olduğunu tahmin ediyorlar.
Görsel & Telif: R. Corradi (Isaac Newton Group), Nordic Optical Telescope
Yazarlar & Editörler: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP) NASA yetkilisi: Phillip Newman Özel haklara tabidir. NASA Web Gizlilik Politikası ve Önemli Bildirimler Bir ASD at NASA / GSFC & Michigan Tech. U. hizmetidir.
Günün Astronomi Görseli 7 Haziran 2020 yazısı ilk olarak Uzaydan Haberler sayfasında göründü.
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Astronomy Picture of the Day: June 07, 2020 The Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC 6543) is one of the best known planetary nebulae in the sky. Its haunting symmetries are seen in the very central region of this stunning false-color picture, processed to reveal the enormous but extremely faint halo of gaseous material, over three light-years across, which surrounds the brighter, familiar planetary nebula. Made with data from the Nordic Optical Telescope in the Canary Islands, the composite picture shows extended emission from the nebula. Planetary nebulae have long been appreciated as a final phase in the life of a Sun-like star. Only much more recently however, have some planetaries been found to have halos like this one, likely formed of material shrugged off during earlier active episodes in the star's evolution. While the planetary nebula phase is thought to last for around 10,000 years, astronomers estimate the age of the outer filamentary portions of this halo to be 50,000 to 90,000 years. Halo of the Cats Eye via NASA https://ift.tt/2A8S0Jb
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Astronomers See Distant Eruption as Black Hole Destroys Star
NASA - Hubble Space Telescope patch / NASA - Spitzer Space Telescope patch. June 17, 2018 For the first time, astronomers have directly imaged the formation and expansion of a fast-moving jet of material ejected when the powerful gravity of a supermassive black hole ripped apart a star that wandered too close to the massive monster. The scientists tracked the event with radio and infrared telescopes, including the National Science Foundation's Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) and NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, in a pair of colliding galaxies called Arp 299. The galaxies are nearly 150 million light-years from Earth. At the core of one of the galaxies, a black hole 20 million times more massive than the Sun shredded a star more than twice the Sun's mass, setting off a chain of events that revealed important details of the violent encounter. The researchers also used observations of Arp 299 made by NASA's Hubble space telescope prior to and after the appearance of the eruption.
Black Hole vs. Star: A Tidal Disruption Event (Artist's Concept)
Image above: An artist's concept of a tidal disruption event (TDE) that happens when a star passes fatally close to a supermassive black hole, which reacts by launching a relativistic jet. Image Credits: Sophia Dagnello, NRAO/AUI/NSF. Only a small number of such stellar deaths, called tidal disruption events, or TDEs, have been detected. Theorists have suggested that material pulled from the doomed star forms a rotating disk around the black hole, emitting intense X-rays and visible light, and also launches jets of material outward from the poles of the disk at nearly the speed of light. "Never before have we been able to directly observe the formation and evolution of a jet from one of these events," said Miguel Perez-Torres, of the Astrophysical Institute of Andalucia in Granada, Spain, and an author on a paper describing the finding. Discovery of a jet The first indication came on January 30, 2005, when astronomers using the William Herschel Telescope in the Canary Islands discovered a bright burst of infrared emission coming from the nucleus of one of the colliding galaxies in Arp 299. On July 17, 2005, the VLBA revealed a new, distinct source of radio emission from the same location.
A Tidal Disruption Event in Arp299B
Image above: An image of the galaxy Arp299B, which is undergoing a merging process with Arp299A (the galaxy to the left), captured by NASA's Hubble space telescope. The inset features an artist's illustration of a tidal disruption event (TDE), which occurs when a star passes fatally close to a supermassive black hole. A TDE was recently observed near the center of Arp299B. Image Credits: Sophia Dagnello, NRAO/AUI/NSF; NASA, STScI. "As time passed, the new object stayed bright at infrared and radio wavelengths, but not in visible light and X-rays," said Seppo Mattila, of the University of Turku in Finland, another author on the new paper. "The most likely explanation is that thick interstellar gas and dust near the galaxy's center absorbed the X-rays and visible light, then re-radiated it as infrared." The researchers used the Nordic Optical Telescope on the Canary Islands and NASA's Spitzer to follow the object's infrared emission. Continued observations with the VLBA, the European VLBI Network (EVN), and other radio telescopes, carried out over nearly a decade, showed the source of radio emission expanding in one direction, just as expected for a jet. The measured expansion indicated that the material in the jet moved at an average of one-fourth the speed of light. The radio waves are not absorbed by the dust, but pass through it. These observations used multiple radio-telescope antennas, separated by thousands of miles, to gain the resolving power, or ability to see fine detail, required to detect the expansion of an object so distant. Monster appetite Most galaxies have supermassive black holes, containing millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun, at their cores. In a black hole, the mass is so concentrated that its gravitational pull is so strong that not even light can escape. When those supermassive black holes are actively drawing in material from their surroundings, that material forms a rotating disk around the black hole, and super-fast jets of particles are launched outward. This is the phenomenon seen in radio galaxies and quasars.
Image above: A diagram showing the components of the TDE observed in Arp299B. (Not to scale). The supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy is surrounded by a highly dense medium, and embedded in a dusty torus. Most of the optical and X-ray emissions produced by the event were absorbed, and re-emitted at infrared (IR) wavelengths due to the existence of polar dust. A few months after the detection at IR wavelengths, the TDE was detected at radio wavelengths with the help of a very sensitive array of radio telescopes. Image Credits: Seppo Mattila, Miguel Pérez-Torres et al. 2018 (Science). "Much of the time, however, supermassive black holes are not actively devouring anything, so they are in a quiet state," Perez-Torres explained. "Tidal disruption events can provide us with a unique opportunity to advance our understanding of the formation and evolution of jets in the vicinities of these powerful objects." "Because of the dust that absorbed any visible light, this particular tidal disruption event may be just the tip of the iceberg of what until now has been a hidden population," Mattila said. "By looking for these events with infrared and radio telescopes, we may be able to discover many more, and learn from them."
Spitzer Space Telescope (SST). Animation Credit: NASA
Such events may have been more common in the distant universe, so studying them may help scientists understand the environment in which galaxies developed billions of years ago. The discovery, the scientists said, came as a surprise. The initial infrared burst was discovered as part of a project that sought to detect supernova explosions in such colliding pairs of galaxies. Arp 299 has seen numerous stellar explosions, and has been dubbed a "supernova factory." This new object originally was considered to be a supernova explosion. Only in 2011, six years after discovery, the radio-emitting portion began to show an elongation. Subsequent monitoring showed the expansion growing, confirming that what the scientists are seeing is a jet, not a supernova.
Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Animation Credits: NASA/ESA
Mattila and Perez-Torres led a team of 36 scientists from 26 institutions around the world in the observations of Arp 299. They published their findings in the June 14 issue of the journal Science. The Long Baseline Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation, operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, manages the Spitzer Space Telescope mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Science operations are conducted at the Spitzer Science Center at Caltech in Pasadena. Spacecraft operations are based at Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, Littleton, Colorado. Data are archived at the Infrared Science Archive housed at IPAC at Caltech. Caltech manages JPL for NASA. The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and ESA (European Space Agency). NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the telescope. The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore conducts Hubble science operations. STScI is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., in Washington. For more information about NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, visit: https://www.nasa.gov/hubble For more information about NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, visit: https://www.nasa.gov/spitzer Images (mentioned), Animations (mentioned), Text, Credits: NASA/JPL/Calla Cofield/NRAO/Dave Finley. Greetings, Orbiter.ch Full article
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Milky Way type dust particles discovered in a galaxy 11 billion light years from Earth
An international research team, with participation from the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen, has found the same type of interstellar dust that we know from the Milky Way in a distant galaxy 11 billion light-years from Earth. This type of dust has been found to be rare in other galaxies and the new discovery plays an important role in understanding what it takes for this particular type of interstellar dust to be formed.
The discovery of the afterglow. To the left is an image from the so-called Pan-STARRS telescope in Hawaii taken before the explosion. To the right is an image of the same part of the sky taken with the Nordic Optical Telescope a few minutes after the explosion was registered by the Swift satellite.
Dust in galaxies
Galaxies are complex structures comprised of many individual parts, such as stars, gas, dust and dark matter. Even though the dust only represents a small part of the total amount of matter in a galaxy, it plays a major role in how stars are formed and how the light from the stars escapes the galaxies. Dust grains can both absorb and scatter light. Dust particles also play a decisive role in the formation of planets and thus also for the understanding of our own existence on Earth.
How do you measure dust 11 billion light years away?
The dust in galaxies consists of small grains of carbon, silicon, iron, aluminium and other heavier elements. The Milky Way has a very high content of carbonaceous dust, which has been shown to be very rare in other galaxies. But now a similar type of dust has been found in a few, very distant galaxies that researchers have been able to investigate using light from gamma-ray bursts. Gamma-ray bursts come from massive stars that explode when the when the fuel in its core is exhausted. The explosion causes the dying stars to emit powerful bursts of light that astronomers can use to analyse what the galaxies are comprised of. Specifically, they can measure the elemental content and analyse their way forward to the properties of the dust properties by examining the light that escapes from the galaxies.
The carbonaceous dust is registered in the measurements as a "dust bump," that is, a high value of dust with the said composition. This ultraviolet dust bump has now been detected in a gamma-ray burst, which has been named GRB180325A and the result has just been accepted for publication in the journal Astrophysical Journal Letters. The lead author is Tayyaba Zafar who completed her PhD studies at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen and is now working at the Angle Australian Observatory in Australia. Several other researchers from NBI are co-authors of the article.
Collaboration between observatories
GRB180325A was detected by Neil Gehrel's Swift Observatory (NASA) on 28 March 2018. Swift is a satellite mission that detects gamma rays from the dying stars. When such a detection from the satellite hits the astronomers, a hectic period begins. The astronomers try to observe that part of the sky as quickly as possible in order to secure the crucial information that allows them to study the interior of the galaxy the explosion originated from. In this case Kasper Heintz, who did his master's thesis at the Niels Bohr Institute and is now a PhD student at the University of Iceland, was on duty. He activated the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) at La Palma, where Professor Johan Fynbo from the Niels Bohr Institute was observing for another project. The first observations of the light from the gamma-ray burst were secured only a few minutes after the discovery by Swift.
The observations from NOT showed that the star had exploded in a galaxy with a red shift of 2.25, which means that the light has travelled approximately 11 billion light years. The observations immediately showed that the dust bump, known from the Milky Way, was present in this galaxy. The team then observed the gamma-ray burst with the X-shooter spectrograph on ESO's Very Large Telescope (European Southern Observatory) on the Cerro Paranal in Chile. All in all, four spectra of the afterglow from the gamma-ray burst were secured -- all with a clear detection of the dust bump.
"It is a beautiful example of how observations in space and around the world can work together and create breakthroughs in research. The work also gives cause to express great thanks to the Carlsberg Foundation, without which Danish astronomy would neither have access to the Very Large Telescope nor NOT," says Professor Johan Fynbo.
"Our spectra show that the presence of atomic carbon seems to be a requirement for the dust that causes the dust bump to be formed," says Kasper Heintz.
The dust bump has previously been seen in observations of four other gamma-ray bursts, the last of which was detected 10 years ago.
"Further observations of this type will allow us to find more galaxies with this dust bump and thus conduct a more systematic study of similarities and differences in dust composition throughout the history of the Universe and in galaxies with different properties," says Dr. Tayyaba Zafar.
#science#science news#space#galaxies#the galaxy...ad infinitum#astronomy#astrophysics#space telescope
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Astronomers See Distant Eruption as Black Hole Destroys Star
(Picture 1: An artist's concept of a tidal disruption event (TDE) that happens when a star passes fatally close to a supermassive black hole, which reacts by launching a relativistic jet. Credits: Sophia Dagnello, NRAO/AUI/NSF)
(Picture 2: An image of the galaxy Arp299B, which is undergoing a merging process with Arp299A (the galaxy to the left), captured by NASA's Hubble space telescope. The inset features an artist's illustration of a tidal disruption event (TDE), which occurs when a star passes fatally close to a supermassive black hole. A TDE was recently observed near the center of Arp299B. Credits: Sophia Dagnello, NRAO/AUI/NSF; NASA, STScI)
(Picture 3: A diagram showing the components of the TDE observed in Arp299B. (Not to scale). The supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy is surrounded by a highly dense medium, and embedded in a dusty torus. Most of the optical and X-ray emissions produced by the event were absorbed, and re-emitted at infrared (IR) wavelengths due to the existence of polar dust. A few months after the detection at IR wavelengths, the TDE was detected at radio wavelengths with the help of a very sensitive array of radio telescopes. Credits: Seppo Mattila, Miguel Pérez-Torres et al. 2018 (Science)
For the first time, astronomers have directly imaged the formation and expansion of a fast-moving jet of material ejected when the powerful gravity of a supermassive black hole ripped apart a star that wandered too close to the massive monster.
The scientists tracked the event with radio and infrared telescopes, including the National Science Foundation's Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) and NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, in a pair of colliding galaxies called Arp 299. The galaxies are nearly 150 million light-years from Earth. At the core of one of the galaxies, a black hole 20 million times more massive than the Sun shredded a star more than twice the Sun's mass, setting off a chain of events that revealed important details of the violent encounter. The researchers also used observations of Arp 299 made by NASA's Hubble space telescope prior to and after the appearance of the eruption.
Only a small number of such stellar deaths, called tidal disruption events, or TDEs, have been detected. Theorists have suggested that material pulled from the doomed star forms a rotating disk around the black hole, emitting intense X-rays and visible light, and also launches jets of material outward from the poles of the disk at nearly the speed of light.
"Never before have we been able to directly observe the formation and evolution of a jet from one of these events," said Miguel Perez-Torres, of the Astrophysical Institute of Andalucia in Granada, Spain, and an author on a paper describing the finding.
The first indication came on January 30, 2005, when astronomers using the William Herschel Telescope in the Canary Islands discovered a bright burst of infrared emission coming from the nucleus of one of the colliding galaxies in Arp 299. On July 17, 2005, the VLBA revealed a new, distinct source of radio emission from the same location.
"As time passed, the new object stayed bright at infrared and radio wavelengths, but not in visible light and X-rays," said Seppo Mattila, of the University of Turku in Finland, another author on the new paper. "The most likely explanation is that thick interstellar gas and dust near the galaxy's center absorbed the X-rays and visible light, then re-radiated it as infrared.” The researchers used the Nordic Optical Telescope on the Canary Islands and NASA's Spitzer to follow the object's infrared emission.
Link/continue to rest of article (long!) : https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/Astronomers-See-Distant-Eruption-as-Black-Hole-Destroys-Star
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The Closest Galaxy: The Sagittarius Dwarf
Credits: Nordic Optical Telescope
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Discovery of a pulse-phase-transient cyclotron line in the X-ray pulsar Swift J1808.4-1754 and identification of an optical companion. (arXiv:2205.12140v1 [astro-ph.HE])
In this work, the temporal and spectral properties of the poorly studied X-ray pulsar Swift J1808.4$-$1754 were investigated in the 0.8-79 keV energy range based on the data from the NuSTAR and Swift observatories collected during the 2014 outburst. Strong pulsations with a period of $909.73\pm0.03$ s were detected in the source light curve, with the pulsed fraction demonstrating a nonmonotonic dependence on the energy with a local minimum around 17-22 keV. Phase lags in one of the pulse profile components, reaching the maximal value approximately at the same energy, were discovered. The pulse phase-averaged spectrum of the source has a power-law shape with an exponential cutoff at high energies, which is typical of X-ray pulsars. Pulse phase-resolved spectroscopy revealed the presence of a pulse phase-transient cyclotron absorption line at $\sim$21 keV, allowing us to estimate the neutron star magnetic field of $2.4\times10^{12}$ G. This makes Swift J1808.4$-$1754 a member of very small family of X-ray pulsars with a pulse-phase-transient cyclotron line in a narrow phase range. The data from the Nordic Optical Telescope allowed us to study the properties of the IR companion in the system and to conclude that most probably it is a Be-type star located at a distance of 5-8 kpc.
from astro-ph.HE updates on arXiv.org https://ift.tt/OhZzXsB
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La dissolvenza delle comete di lungo periodo inizia oltre Saturno
La dissolvenza delle comete di lungo periodo inizia oltre Saturno
Questa immagine, scattata con il Nordic Optical Telescope da 2,5 m, mostra la cometa di lungo periodo C/2014 B1 (Scwartz). L’orbita di questa cometa è esterna a quella di Saturno, eppure ha mostrato attività cometaria durante il suo più recente passaggio nella regione dei pianeti giganti del sistema solare. La probabilità di scoperta delle comete di lungo periodo che passano vicino al Sole è…
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Global Laser Rangefinder Market Size, Manufacturers, Supply Chain, Sales Channel and Clients, 2021-2027
A laser rangefinder is a rangefinder which uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object, which has been in use as early as the introduction of lasers; it is a useful optical method for measuring distance. LRF is based on time-of-flight method, and it employs light waves. This technique is based on a transmission of a short pulse of electromagnetic radiation and the reception of back scattered signals from a target.
The precision of the instrument is determined by the rise or fall time of the laser pulse and the speed of the receiver. One that uses very sharp laser pulses and has a very fast detector can range an object to within a few millimetres.
Global Laser Rangefinder main players are Trueyard, Vista Outdoor, ORPHA, NIKON, etc. Global top four manufacturers hold a share over 60%. North America is the largest market, with a share nearly 30%.
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Market Analysis and Insights: Global Laser Rangefinder Market
In 2020, the global Laser Rangefinder market size was US$ 960 million and it is expected to reach US$ 1703 million by the end of 2027, with a CAGR of 8.5% during 2021-2027.
Global Laser Rangefinder Scope and Market Size
Laser Rangefinder market is segmented by region, by country, company, type, application and by sales channels. Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Laser Rangefinder market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource. The segmental analysis focuses on sales, revenue and forecast by region, by country, company, type, application and by sales channels for the period 2016-2027.
Segment by Type, the Laser Rangefinder market is segmented into
Telescope Later Rangefinder
Hand-held Later Rangefinder
Segment by Application, the Laser Rangefinder market is segmented into
Military
Construction
Industrial
Sports
Forestry
Others
Regional and Country-level Analysis:
North America
United States
Canada
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
Rest of Asia-Pacific
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Rest of Europe
Latin America
Mexico
Brazil
Rest of Latin America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of MEA
Competitive Landscape and Laser Rangefinder Market Share Analysis
Laser Rangefinder market competitive landscape provides details and data information by companies. The report offers comprehensive analysis and accurate statistics on revenue by the player for the period 2016-2021. It also offers detailed analysis supported by reliable statistics on sale and revenue by players for the period 2016-2021. Details included are company description, major business, Laser Rangefinder product introduction, recent developments, Laser Rangefinder sales by region, type, application and by sales channel.
The major companies include:
Vista Outdoor
NIKON
Elbit Systems
ZEISS
HILTI
Leica Camera
Mileseey
Bosch
LTI
FLUKE
Trueyard
Leupold
Newcon Optik
Jiuzhiyang Infrared
OPTi?LOGIC
BOSMA
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Table of content
1 Study Coverage 1.1 Laser Rangefinder Product Introduction 1.2 Market by Type 1.2.1 Global Laser Rangefinder Market Size Growth Rate by Type 1.2.2 Telescope Later Rangefinder 1.2.3 Hand-held Later Rangefinder 1.3 Market by Application 1.3.1 Global Laser Rangefinder Market Size Growth Rate by Application 1.3.2 Military 1.3.3 Construction 1.3.4 Industrial 1.3.5 Sports 1.3.6 Forestry 1.3.7 Others 1.4 Study Objectives 1.5 Years Considered 2 Executive Summary 2.1 Global Laser Rangefinder Market Size Estimates and Forecasts 2.1.1 Global Laser Rangefinder Revenue 2016-2027 2.1.2 Global Laser Rangefinder Sales 2016-2027 2.2 Laser Rangefinder Market Size by Region: 2021 Versus 2027 2.3 Laser Rangefinder Sales by Region (2016-2027) 2.3.1 Global Laser Rangefinder Sales by Region: 2016-2021 2.3.2 Global Laser Rangefinder Sales Forecast by Region (2022-2027) 2.3.3 Global Laser Rangefinder Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2027) 2.4 Laser Rangefinder Market Estimates and Projections by Region (2022-2027) 2.4.1 Global Laser Rangefinder Revenue by Region: 2016-2021 2.4.2 Global Laser Rangefinder Revenue Forecast by Region (2022-2027) 2.4.3 Global Laser Rangefinder Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2027) 3 Global Laser Rangefinder by Manufacturers 3.1 Global Top Laser Range
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