#Ok Tedi Mining

[duncangabi]

Let’s try to avoid the inevitable disaster of a Frieda Mine

By SAUSIA WAGUNWHEN the Ok Tedi mine was first developed in Papua New Guinea, little consideration was given to the people who lived along the banks of the Fly River.The river was their life. It was their food. Sago grew well in the swampy terrain and was a staple.Over the life of the mine the food, especially sago, became scarce as miles and miles of vegetation along the river died. The…

[imagoddamnonionmason]

Hey love! Hope you're having a great day! This is for the Oc couples ask game!

For Sarah Mason/Alex Mason (you know I love the masons hahaha) and Jodie/Woods (my favourite couple of yours!)

23, 40, 49

Hope you have a great day love! No pressure! 🧡🧡✨

Hello my dear!! It'll be a pleasure to answer these for ya!

Also yes, agreed, I have such a soft spot for the Masons and I got very happy that Frank and Jodie are your favourite couple of mine- put a smile on my face <3

Here we gooo!

Alex and Sarah Mason

23. who said 'I love you' first?

You know, I reckon it would have been Alex. Sarah would have held off, not wanting to rush headlong into her emotions because she's done that before and got burned and she really was smitten with him.

Part of her was like 'if I come on too strong, say I love you too quickly, it might scare him off and I don't want to do that because he's literally asdfghhjkl oh my god I am so in love him aaaaaaa'

But the shock on her face when he says it first, so naturally, like it was meant to be said to her, by him, like the stars aligned- DAMMIT. Yeah. He said it first and he meant it.

40. what is a song that reminds you of the OC's relationship?

cw: mention of death

(Don't Fear) The Reaper by Blue Oyster Cult

Unfortunately, this couple's ends aren't great and death is deeply ingrained in their narrative - but this song is about embracing death because there is love waiting for you, just trust the process and you'll end up with those you belong with (or at least... that's what I get from it).

Like, it's a bittersweet song that reminds me of them - it's hard to explain the exact reasons why, other than just the vibe.

There's also another-

Where's My Love - Alternate Version by SYML

Again, it's sad... but their story is sad (despite the good bits yk?)

This song kinda reminds me of Alex and his feeling towards Sarah, especially when he loses her. Then... obviously with how Alex's story ends these lyrics hit me particularly 'if you bleed, I bleed the same, if you're scared, I'm on my way'.

I apologise in advance for the sadness.

I REALLY WISH I HAD HAPPY SONGS I ASSOCIATE WITH THIS COUPLE but apparently I'm a sad lil Goose. honks sadly.

49. Is there a word or gesture that makes either of them melt?

Ha ok, right- any. WAIT. No, I mean- OK BEAR WITH ME, I'm writing exactly how my thought process is working.

Any gesture will have Sarah melting - she enjoys PDA and she enjoys whenever Alex is touchy-feely with her. Hugs from behind, holding her hand, hand on her waist/lower back as he's moving behind her. If his hands are on her, she will melt.

For Alex? Whenever she cups his face in her hands. That has that man like putty in her hands and he is weak. It's also very grounding for him and it's associated with a lot of comfort for him.

Frank and Jodie

23. who said 'I love you' first?

Frank. I have a feeling that it's going to be blurted out in their first argument (this has been vaguely planned). I'm still figuring out the nuances of that argument and where exactly it takes place in their narrative, but yeah, it's that trope of 'why would you do that?' 'Because I lo-.... because.. I love you.. dammit.'

Cut to Jodie trying her best not to cry. Silently nods thinking to herself, 'how fucking dare you take the wind out of my sails with that sentence now I can't be mad at you and all I want to do is kiss you- UGH stupid handsome man-'

Yeah, I love these two. Why does writing take so long *sobs*

40. what is a song that reminds you of the OC's relationship?

Oh boy. Well, let's just say that I have a playlist for their 'canon' universe and then one for the pirate au and then one for the terminator au-

What I'm saying is there are a lot of songs and I found it difficult to find just one and also I have like... three versions of their ship floating around inside my head rent free lmao. But, these are two songs I tend to associate across the board with them.

Can I by Tedy

Simple, really, the lyrics are about someone asking if they can be vulnerable, if they can love and trust the other person. Literally the epitome of Jodie in the relationship.

But also,

I Was Made For Lovin' You by KISS

It's a feel good song, has cheeky vibes and I love it - I can't tell you when I started associating this song with them but... yeah, it's a good one and I can only think of them.

49. Is there a word or gesture that makes either of them melt?

When Jodie calls Frank 'darling'. She doesn't say it often, but damn, when she does he's gooey inside. And it's never just 'darling' it will always be 'Frank, darling'.

When Frank hugs her. She just melts. Like, not only because it's affection, but Frank's hugs can cure disease, Jodie is certain of it.

OH- a little spicy, maybe? But whenever Frank hugs Jodie from behind, slinking his arms around her waist and pulls her to him, he'll plant a kiss on her neck. He'll do it on purpose 'cause he knows how that simple gesture both causes her to fuckin' turn into a puddle. In more ways than one. Yeah... if he wanted bedroom eyes, then that's one way to achieve them.

If they were to have a tiff, that's a tactic he'll use to say sorry, too. All animosity would leave her body the second he does it lmao. Girl down bad and I don't blame her damn.

[crimsonpublishers-medical]

Lessons from Two Anthropogenic Environmental Disasters in Contemporary Japanese History

Lessons from Two Anthropogenic Environmental Disasters in Contemporary Japanese History- Crimson Publishers

An environmental disaster is a catastrophic event caused by human activity that results in serious effects on ecosystems, agriculture, the economy and human health. In most cases environmental disasters are caused by human error, accident, lack of knowledge and foresight. To distinguish them from naturally occurring disasters, environmental disaster can be termed anthropogenic or man-made environmental disaster.

Mining and industrial pollution have been the cause of so many environmental disasters. One example of the worst environmental disasters, the Bhopal disaster was a gas leak incident on the night of 2-3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India [1,2]. Over 500,000 people were exposed to methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas, which is highly toxic. The estimation of death toll varied from 3,787 to 8000. Another example is Ok Tedi mine [3]. It discharged about two billion tons of untreated mining waste into the Ok Tedi river and the Fly river in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea between 1984 and 2013. The lives of 50,000 people had been disrupted. Two representative environmental disasters in modern Japanese history may be chosen as (1) Ashio Copper Mine pollution; (2) Minamata disease. Although they have been studied extensively [4], some lessons from the two cases are still missing in the literature. The objective of this paper is to highlight some view angles that have been very much neglected so far.

For more open access journals in crimson publishers Please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com For more articles on Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences Please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/rmes/

[aialgox]

    Introduction Cryptocurrency mining has become a lucrative industry, but it also has a significant environmental impact. The energy consumption, carbon footprint, air and water pollution, and land use and biodiversity impact of mining are all issues that need to be addressed. This article will explore the different types of environmental impact and discuss potential solutions to reduce this impact. Energy Consumption in Mining Mining is a highly energy-intensive process. It requires a significant amount of electricity to power the mining hardware and keep it cool. The energy consumption of mining has been compared to that of entire countries, such as Ireland or Argentina. Examples of high energy consumption in mining include the Bitcoin network, which consumes an estimated 98 TWh per year, and the Ethereum network, which consumes an estimated 44 TWh per year. Carbon Footprint of Mining The energy consumption of mining also contributes to its carbon footprint. The carbon footprint of mining is the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced as a result of the energy consumption. The impact of mining on global carbon emissions is significant. According to one estimate, Bitcoin mining alone could produce as much carbon emissions as the entire country of Denmark by 2024. Air Pollution from Mining Mining can also contribute to air pollution. The burning of fossil fuels to generate electricity for mining can release pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the air. Examples of air pollution from mining include the Grasberg mine in Indonesia, which has been linked to elevated levels of sulfur dioxide in the surrounding area. Air pollution from mining can have serious health impacts, including respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease. Water Pollution from Mining Mining can also contribute to water pollution. The chemicals and minerals used in mining can contaminate water sources, causing harm to aquatic life and posing health risks to humans who consume the contaminated water. Examples of water pollution from mining include the Ok Tedi mine in Papua New Guinea, which has been linked to high levels of copper and other heavy metals in nearby rivers. Land Use and Biodiversity Impact of Mining Mining can also have an impact on land use and biodiversity. Large-scale mining operations can disrupt ecosystems and cause habitat destruction, leading to declines in biodiversity. Examples of land use and biodiversity impact of mining include the Mount Polley mine in British Columbia, which caused a tailings dam breach that released millions of cubic meters of mine waste into nearby waterways, killing fish and destroying habitat. Biodiversity is essential for the health and functioning of ecosystems, and its loss can have long-term consequences for both humans and the environment. Green Mining Practices Green mining practices are those that aim to reduce the environmental impact of mining. Examples of green mining practices include using renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power, for mining operations, implementing efficient mining hardware to reduce energy consumption, and reducing electronic waste through proper disposal and recycling. Green mining practices can significantly reduce the environmental impact of mining while still allowing for profitable mining operations. Renewable Energy in Mining Renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power, can be used to power mining operations. This can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of mining and help mitigate climate change. Examples of renewable energy in mining include the use of solar panels at the Ivanhoe Mines' Platreef Project in South Africa, which is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 13,000 tonnes per year. Efficient Mining Hardware Efficient mining hardware, such as ASICs or GPUs, can reduce the energy consumption of mining operations. This can help reduce the carbon footprint of mining and lower energy costs fo

r miners. Examples of efficient mining hardware include the Bitmain Antminer S19 Pro, which has an energy efficiency of 29.5 J/T, and the Nvidia GeForce GTX 1070, which has an energy efficiency of 30. Reducing Electronic Waste in Mining Electronic waste, or e-waste, is a significant environmental issue associated with mining. The disposal of old or obsolete mining hardware can contribute to electronic waste, which can contain hazardous materials that can harm the environment and human health. To reduce electronic waste in mining, proper disposal and recycling of mining hardware is necessary. Some companies, such as Dell and HP, offer recycling programs for their hardware, which can help reduce the amount of e-waste generated by mining. Government Regulations and Policies Government regulations and policies can play a significant role in reducing the environmental impact of mining. For example, some countries have implemented carbon taxes or emissions trading schemes, which can incentivize mining companies to reduce their carbon footprint. Other policies, such as environmental impact assessments or water pollution controls, can help ensure that mining operations are conducted in a way that minimizes environmental damage. Corporate Social Responsibility in Mining Corporate social responsibility is the practice of companies taking responsibility for the impact of their operations on society and the environment. In mining, this can involve implementing sustainable mining practices, supporting local communities, and reducing the environmental impact of mining. Examples of corporate social responsibility in mining include Rio Tinto's "Mine of the Future" program, which aims to reduce the carbon footprint of mining operations, and Barrick Gold's "Clean Water for All" program, which aims to provide safe drinking water to communities near its mining operations. Blockchain-based Solutions Blockchain-based solutions, such as proof-of-stake algorithms or decentralized energy markets, can help reduce the environmental impact of mining. Proof-of-stake algorithms require significantly less energy to operate than proof-of-work algorithms, which are used by many cryptocurrencies. Decentralized energy markets can help incentivize the use of renewable energy sources in mining operations, reducing the carbon footprint of mining. Collaboration and Innovation Collaboration and innovation are essential for developing new solutions to reduce the environmental impact of mining. Collaboration between mining companies, governments, and other stakeholders can help identify areas where mining practices can be improved. Innovation in areas such as renewable energy, efficient mining hardware, and blockchain-based solutions can also help reduce the environmental impact of mining. Conclusion The environmental impact of crypto mining is significant, but there are solutions available to reduce this impact. Green mining practices, such as using renewable energy sources and efficient mining hardware, can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of mining. Proper disposal and recycling of mining hardware can help reduce electronic waste. Government regulations and policies, corporate social responsibility, and blockchain-based solutions can all play a role in reducing the environmental impact of mining. Collaboration and innovation are essential for developing new solutions to address this issue. Investors and traders in the crypto market should consider the environmental impact of mining when making investment decisions. The future of mining will depend on the adoption of sustainable mining practices and the development of new solutions to address the environmental impact of mining.  

[lieselotte-sky]

Právě jsem v rozčílení obohatila Goethův jazyk, tedy jazyk Goetha, abysem byla konformní s posledními trendy na UJČ, o nové slovo. A úplně nejhorší je na tom to, že se mi to povedlo v angličtině. Osoby a děj jsou pozměněny, je to tak trochu UHF, ale přeci si realitou nenechám kazit dobrý příběh (Mikka je osobnost veskrze virtuální, když už to musíte vědět…):

They are f.ckin’ chinese! Which means, expect anything! Do you hear me? ANYTHING! They are known für diese Verschlimmberraschungen.

I think my german starts to improve.

Ik ben geen Célenka!…WHAT?? What did I said?

You said something, some long word, that sounded like if you wanted to summon something really bad from another dimension. So I think it was german.

No, that’s swedish, learn the difference. I don’t speak swedish, I am afraid of it. Few years ago I tried to read some papers from Ikea and I accidentally summoned something invisible and rampaging, that rapidly desintegrated my Schrank. I don’t want this happen again.

Your what? … No, no, please, don’t say that word again, I don’t want you to accidentally summon something.

Well, okay, but we are three here, so Mikka, what do you think about that all?

I am not possessed, I just speak suomi.

??WHAT??

I am just saying, that swedish is an ordinar language. And it’s pretty normal for cabinets from Ikea to desintegrate without a reason. Mine did that twice, so I called a local witch and it helped a lot. She claims that she is just learning dutch, but nobody believe in existence of a such strange language, it is something that doesn’t origin in this world. She must be a witch…

Ok, I think it’s time to make Schluss mit this politically incorrect ragchewing…

MAKE WHAT??

Ach jelene, this looks like a long day…

WHAAT??

A pokud se ptáte na to slovo, tak to slovo je Pták. No, skoro, Verschlimmberraschung což se mi podařilo složením slova Verschlimmbesserung což se nedá přeložit do češtiny, ve skutečnosti se to nedá přeložit do žádného jazyka z tohoto světa, a Überraschung což česky jest překvapení. Dalo by se říct, že to slovo asi mělo znamenat něco jako překvapení strašlivým poděláním věci ve snaze ji vylepšit, ale v češtině to nedává smysl, starší by možná mohli rozumět něčemu jako překvapení zlepšovatelským hnutím, ale mladší, kteří nepamatují zlepšovatelské hnutí a tudíž nedokáží pochopit podstatu slova Verschlimmbesserung to asi moc nepomůže.

A, ehm, opravdu mluvím takto strašně. Výkřiky typu Kristuš Márija co je to za ýbrrašuňk zas, musím si zapálit sic se z toho poщim! jsou u mě naprosto normální. Ovšem když to má svůj den, dojde i na perly typu Šibuju waškostnem ze šláfcimru do forhauzu, neb néni plac. Gróse arbajt jsem s tym méblem měla, tři haxne se temu usmékly, štvrtá nic! K tomu hexnšus! Děs! nebo (typicky v bazaru, či na rádioamatérských burzách) To mě za trotla drži že zkóši takové šmé?

[fatehbaz]

Many of those who live along the Sepik river are firmly opposed to the mine. In June [2020], chiefs from 28 haus tambarans -- “spirit houses” -- representing 78,000 people living along the Sepik, formally declared they wanted the mine halted. [...]

The plan for the largest mine in Papua New Guinea’s history carries a risk of catastrophic loss of life and environmental destruction and “appears to disregard the human rights of those affected,” according to United Nations officials. [...] The mine, if approved and built, would be the largest in PNG’s history, and one of the largest in the world, covering 16,000 hectares. To be built on the Frieda river, a tributary to the Sepik in the north of New Guinea island, it is forecast to yield gold, silver and copper worth and estimated US$1.5bn a year for more than 30 years. [...] The letters ask for governments and the company, PanAust, to respond to key questions including an alleged “lack of information for free, prior and informed consent of the Indigenous people” to the mine proceeding. [...]

In an extraordinary intervention, 10 UN special rapporteurs have written with “serious concerns” to the governments of Papua New Guinea, Australia, China, and Canada, as well as the Chinese state-owned developers of the gold, copper and silver mine proposed for the remote Frieda river in the country’s north. The [...] special rapporteur on toxic wastes, Baskut Tuncak [...] signed letters in July [2020]. [...] PanAust, 80% shareholder in the project, is an Australian-registered miner ultimately [...] part of the state-owned Guangdong Rising Assets Management. [...]

There is particular concern a proposed dam to store up to 1,500 Mt of the mine’s tailings could break, destroying [or poisoning] villages downriver. “We remain concerned that critical information about the tailings dam [...] have been made neither publicly available nor available to affected community members [...] who requested it [...]. The proposed location is a seismically active area. [...] A failure of the tailings dam and the release of toxic waste would be catastrophic [...], as occurred with Ok Tedi environmental disaster.”

Tunak said he held concerns the project “threatens the cultural rights of the Sepik peoples [...].“ The letters state some human rights defenders in the region have received death threats and been shot at by “unidentified individuals.” [...] The Frieda river mine project is now in its final stage of approval. [...] [RP], head of crises and environment at Amnesty International, said the special rapporteurs’ intervention was “unprecedented” so early in a mine’s approval process. [...]

University student, [VG], said: “I grew up with the river, drank it, ate [...] sago from it and it’s brought me to where I am now. I am worried about my future generations, and if the mine were to go ahead, what will they have left?”

-------

Headline, images, captions, and all text published by: Lyanne Togiba and Ben Doherty. “Plan for largest mine in Papua New Guinea history ‘appears to disregard human rights’, UN says.” The Guardian. 7 October 2020.

[duncangabi]

Give Ok Tedi back to the people, or at least give them a big piece of the pie

Give Ok Tedi back to the people, or at least give them a big piece of the pie

The Ok Tedi Gold and Copper Mine has been in operation since 1985 One of Papua New Guinea’s biggest Gold and Copper Mine Ok Tedi will be shutting down operations in 2025. Western Province Governor Taboi Awi Yoto made a call that I believe is also the call of the people of Western Province to the Prime Minister to return the mine to the people. The Governor asked the National Government to give…

[emilylin5]

Environmental Impact of Mining

Erosion impacts surrounding areas (photo 1) For exampe: Ok Tedi Mine in Papua New Guinea Sinkholes/Cavities are hazardous to life and property (photos 2 & 3) For example: neighbourhoods/houses; caused from failure of a mine roof from the extraction of resources, weak overburden or geological discontinuities Soil and water pollution (photos 4, 5 & 6) Chemicals such as arsenic, sulfuric acid and mercury end up in subsurface water, causing the reddish color; water is needed for mine drainage, mine cooling, aqueous extraction and other mining processes Loss of biodiversity (photos 7 & 8) Destruction of habitats and ecosystems; deforestation; direct poisoning CO2 emission Effect on human health quality (black lung disease) and biodiversity

[biedexcom]

Papua New Guinea's Ok Tedi copper mine halts output over COVID cases ...#commodities_amp_futureshttps://biedex.markets/papua-new-guineas-ok-tedi-copper-mine-halts-output-over-covid-cases/?feed_id=9332&_unique_id=5f2c288706885

[skyovereuropeldkde]

It's a cautionary tale with a twist. Unless we do more to protect them, coral reefs could become extinct by 2050 due to pollution & climate change. This video was released just ahead of the landmark Copenhagen summit on climate change in order to draw attention to the plight of these fragile ecosystems. Sadly, the summit ended in failure -- and the future of our reefs is still at risk. Climate change The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority considers the greatest threat to the Great Barrier Reef to be climate change, causing ocean warming which increases coral bleaching. Mass coral bleaching events due to elevated ocean temperatures occurred in the summers of 1998, 2002 and 2006,and coral bleaching is expected to become an annual occurrence. As global warming continues, corals will not be able to keep up with increasing ocean temperatures. Coral bleaching events lead to increased disease susceptibility, which causes detrimental ecological effects for reef communities. Climate change has implications for other forms of reef life—some fish's preferred temperature range leads them to seek new habitat, thus increasing chick mortality in predatory seabirds. Climate change will also affect the population and sea turtle's available habitat. Five Great Barrier Reef species of large benthic corals were found bleached under elevated temperatures, affirming that benthic corals are vulnerable to thermal stress.

Pollution Another key threat faced by the Great Barrier Reef is pollution and declining water quality. The rivers of north eastern Australia pollute the Reef during tropical flood events. Over 90% of this pollution comes from farm runoff

80% of the land adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef is used for farming including intensive cropping of sugar cane, and major beef cattle grazing. Farming practices damage the reef due to overgrazing, increased run-off of agricultural sediments, nutrients and chemicals including fertilisers, herbicides and pesticides representing a major health risk for the coral and biodiversity of the reefs. Sediments containing high levels of copper and other heavy metals sourced from the Ok Tedi Mine in Papua New Guinea are a potential pollution risk for the far northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait regions. 67% of corals died in the reef's worst-hit northern section.

Sediment runoff Sediment runoff from farming carries chemicals into the reef environment also reduces the amount of light available to the corals decreasing their ability to extract energy from their environment

Pesticides Pesticides used in farming are made up of heavy metals such as lead, mercury, arsenic and other toxins are released into the wider environment due to erosion of farm soil, which has a detrimental effect on the coral

Pollution from mining Mining company Queensland Nickel discharged nitrate-laden water into the Great Barrier Reef in 2009 and 2011 – on the later occasion releasing 516 tonnes (508 long tons; 569 short tons) of waste water. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) stated "We have strongly encouraged the company to investigate options that do not entail releasing the material to the environment and to develop a management plan to eliminate this potential hazard; however, GBRMPA does not have legislative control over how the Yabulu tailings dam is managed".

Thank you for visit my Blog ✈️ ♒ ☠ Skygazercarba ☠ ♒ ✈️

[political-affairs]

Why the Great Barrier Reef is in danger ?

The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority considers the greatest threat to the Great Barrier Reef to be climate change, causing ocean warming which increases coral bleaching. Mass coral bleaching events due to elevated ocean temperatures occurred in the summers of 1998, 2002 and 2006, and coral bleaching is expected to become an annual occurrence. As global warming continues, corals will not be able to keep up with increasing ocean temperatures. Coral bleaching events lead to increased disease susceptibility, which causes detrimental ecological effects for reef communities.

In July 2017 UNESCO published in a draft decision, expressing serious concern about the impact of coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef. The draft decision also warned Australia that it will not meet the targets of the Reef 2050 report without considerable work to improve water quality. Climate change has implications for other forms of reef life—some fish's preferred temperature range leads them to seek new habitat, thus increasing chick mortality in predatory seabirds. Climate change will also affect the population and sea turtle's available habitat. Bleaching events in benthic coral communities (deeper than 20 metres or 66 feet) in the Great Barrier reef are not as well documented as those at shallower depths, but recent research has shown that benthic communities are just as negatively impacted in the face of rising ocean temperatures. Five Great Barrier Reef species of large benthic corals were found bleached under elevated temperatures, affirming that benthic corals are vulnerable to thermal stress.

 Another key threat faced by the Great Barrier Reef is pollution and declining water quality. The rivers of north eastern Australia pollute the Reef during tropical flood events. Over 90% of this pollution comes from farm runoff. 80% of the land adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef is used for farming including intensive cropping of sugar cane, and major beef cattle grazing. Farming practices damage the reef due to overgrazing, increased run-off of agricultural sediments, nutrients and chemicals including fertilisers, herbicides and pesticides representing a major health risk for the coral and biodiversity of the reefs. Sediments containing high levels of copper and other heavy metals sourced from the Ok Tedi Mine in Papua New Guinea are a potential pollution risk for the far northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait regions. Some 67% of corals died in the reef's worst-hit northern section, the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies report said.

The runoff problem is exacerbated by the loss of coastal wetlands which act as a natural filter for toxins and help deposit sediment. It is thought that the poor water quality is due to increased light and oxygen competition from algae. Farming fertiliser runoff release nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium into the oceanic ecosystem, these limiting nutrients cause massive algal growth which leads to depletion in oxygen available for other creatures which decreases the biodiversity in the affected areas, altering the species composition. A study by Katharina Fabricius and Glen Death of Australian Institute of Marine Science found that hard corals numbers were almost double on reefs that were far from agricultural areas. Fertilizers also increase the amount of phytoplankton available for the crown-of-thorns starfish larvae to consume. A study showed that a doubling of the chlorophyll in the water leads to a tenfold increase in the crown-of-thorns starfish larvae's survival rate.

Mining company Queensland Nickel discharged nitrate-laden water into the Great Barrier Reef in 2009 and 2011 – on the later occasion releasing 516 tonnes (508 long tons; 569 short tons) of waste water. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) stated "We have strongly encouraged the company to investigate options that do not entail releasing the material to the environment and to develop a management plan to eliminate this potential hazard; however, GBRMPA does not have legislative control over how the Yabulu tailings dam is managed".

The unsustainable overfishing of keystone species, such as the Giant Triton, can disrupt food chains vital to reef life. Fishing also impacts the reef through increased water pollution from boats, by-catch of unwanted species (such as dolphins and turtles) and habitat destruction from trawling, anchors and nets. As of the middle of 2004, approximately one-third of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is protected from species removal of any kind, including fishing, without written permission.

Shipping accidents are a pressing concern, as several commercial shipping routes pass through the Great Barrier Reef. Although the route through the Great Barrier Reef is not easy, reef pilots consider it safer than outside the reef in the event of mechanical failure, since a ship can sit safely while being repaired. There have been over 1,600 known shipwrecks in the Great Barrier Reef region. On 3 April 2010, the bulk coal carrier Shen Neng 1 ran aground on Douglas Shoals, spilling up to four tonnes of oil into the water and causing extensive damage to the reef.

 In March 2015, the Australian and Queensland's governments formed a plan for the protection and preservation of the reef's universal heritage until 2050. This 35 years plan, titled "Reef 2050 Plan" is a document proposing possible measures for the long-term management of the pollution, climate change and other issues that threaten the life span and value of this global heritage. The plan contains all the elements for measurement and improvements, including; long-term sustainability plan, water quality improvement plan and the investment plan for the protection and preservation of The Reef until 2050. However, whereas the 2050 plan aims to incorporate protective measures such as improving water quality, reef restoration, killing of predatory starfish, it does not incorporate additional measures to address the root cause the problem namely climate change (which is caused by greenhouse gas emissions). As such, experts doubt on whether it will be enough to save the fragile environment.

The Great Barrier Reef has long been known to and used by the Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Aboriginal Australians have been living in the area for at least 40,000 years,and Torres Strait Islanders since about 10,000 years ago.  For these 70 or so clan groups, the reef is also an important cultural feature. In 1768 Louis de Bougainville found the reef during an exploratory mission, but did not claim the area for the French. On 11 June 1770, HM Bark Endeavour, captained by explorer James Cook, ran aground on the Great Barrier Reef, sustaining considerable damage. Lightening the ship and re-floating it during an incoming tide eventually saved it. One of the most famous wrecks was HMS Pandora, which sank on 29 August 1791, killing 35 men. The Queensland Museum has led archaeological digs to wreck of Pandora since 1983. Because the reef had no atolls, it was largely unstudied in the 19th century.  During this time, some of the reef's islands were mined for deposits of guano, and lighthouses were built as beacons throughout the system. As in Raine Island, the earliest example. In 1922, the Great Barrier Reef Committee began carrying out much of the early research on the reef.

[business-advantage-png]

Papua New Guinea state loses US$1.4 billion PNGSDP legal battle

Papua New Guinea state loses US$1.4 billion PNGSDP legal battle #PNG

The State of Papua New Guinea has been unsuccessful in its attempt in the Singapore High Court to wrest control of the remaining assets of PNG Sustainable Development Program Ltd (PNGSDP), worth US$1.4 billion (K4.72 billion).

The Ok Tedi mine pit. Credit: OTML

The PNG State has been pursuing the cash assets of PNGSDP since the controversial effective nationalisationof PNGSDP’s major asset, the…

[marketconsole]

Papua New Guinea's Ok Tedi copper mine halts output over COVID cases

Go to the article

[reach2pranavs]

Ok Tedi and Yell IT leverage Oracle SD-WAN to...

Ok Tedi needed to vastly expand network throughput over 03b satellite connections. See how Oracle SD-WAN ensured performance of mission-critical applications in remote mines in New Guinea:

Ok Tedi and Yell IT leverage Oracle SD-WAN to...

Ok Tedi unearths the power of 5,000 remote workers in copper and gold mines using Oracle SD-WAN.

Oracle Champions

[andreagillmer]

Canadian Small Cap Receives TSX Approval to Acquire a Large-Scale Gold-Copper Project in Papua New Guinea's Rim of Fire

Source: Streetwise Reports   10/01/2020

Freeport Resources' new copper-gold project in Papua New Guinea already has a 5.7 million ounce gold equivalent resource estimate.

Papua New Guinea, located along the Pacific Rim of Fire, features a number of large gold-copper mines, including the massive Ok Tedi copper, gold and silver mine and the Porgera gold mine. Across the border, on the Indonesian side of the island, sits Freeport McMoRan's colossal Grasberg gold-copper mine, the largest gold mine and second largest copper mine in the world.

Located in the PNG Orogenic Belt, not far from the Indonesian border and only 25 km from Ok Tedi, lies the Star Mountains copper-gold project. Freeport Resources Inc. (FRI:TSX.V) recently received TSX approval to close its acquisition of Quidum Resources and, once this transaction is closed, Freeport will control the Star Mountains project through its wholly owned subsidiary, Highlands Pacific Resources Ltd. The transaction is subject to approval from the Mineral Resources Authority in Papua New Guinea, which the company expects to receive in the coming weeks.

"It's a classic copper-gold porphyry, very large, as are many deposits in Papua New Guinea," representatives of Freeport Resources told Streetwise Reports. The property totals 501 square kilometers in four leases.

The project has seen more than US$60 million in exploration work since its discovery in 1971, with half of that conducted in the past half-dozen or so years.

"Highland Pacific did a partial farm-out joint venture with Anglo American Plc, which came in and spent something like $35 or $40 million of the $60 million. But then Anglo departed Papua New Guinea due to a change in corporate priorities at the time," Freeport Resources noted. "Extensive drilling, field work, geophysics, and aeromagnetic and radiometric surveys have provided deep knowledge of the regional geological setting."

To date, 51 holes have been drilled on the property, for a total of 21,415 meters, and of the seven prospects tested, mineralization was identified at five.

A maiden resource estimate released in 2018, using a 0.3% copper cut-off grade, calculated an Inferred resource of 2.9 million ounces of contained gold and 840,000 tonnes of contained copper, for roughly 5.7 million ounces of gold equivalent.

Freeport's management likes the fact that the project is roughly equal copper and gold, giving it upside exposure to both metals.

The property comes equipped with an exploration camp, airstrip, helicopter pad and core shed.

To expedite further project work, the company will engage the existing Highlands Pacific technical and administrative team that has been with the project from day one, allowing them to maintain project continuity and momentum. As part of the same strategy, the company will keep the same base camp and onsite staff that have been associated with this project in Papua New Guinea for the last 15 years.

The company notes that it plans to conduct extension drilling on the property on known targets to further expand its already large gold and copper resource base. In parallel to ongoing exploration, the company believes that "the project's substantial copper-gold resource base will attract the attention of large mining companies and intends to pursue discussions about a possible strategic joint venture or sale."

In addition to Star Mountains, Freeport holds several properties in Canada, including the Red Rose mine, a past-producing tungsten-gold-silver-copper project in the prolific Rocher Deboule mining camp; the Spanish Mountain Gold property; the Q Claims, a major fluorite deposit; and the Hutton Garnet Sands project in northern Labrador that consists of beach sand deposits.

Once the Star Mountains transaction has closed, Freeport will have approximately 69 million shares outstanding and 117 million outstanding on a fully diluted basis.

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( Companies Mentioned: FRI:TSX.V, )

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[blastostyle]

How to recycle electric shavers

Scrap Metal or "E-Waste" Recycling? razor

I'm not too pleased with yesterday's post. I dawned late on Sunday with the truck, following the gathering event in Kingston Rhode Island, and went searching for one thing within the "draft" folder that was near to finished work. The gas-discharge tube Demand Forecast wasn't that unhealthy, however i am a small amount bored with writing concerning show devices and CRTs, and lots of individuals have gotten the purpose by currently.

 Display devices do not become obsolete, and whether or not a gas-discharge tube are often sold for recycle depends entirely on what number poor individuals will have skill and electricity. CRTs ar a declining share of a growing market. thus it depends that happens quicker, growth of the market or value pressure from flat screens.

 Done. Ok, what concerning electrical razors?

 I beardless with a Braun that my ma got Maine for Christmas, most likely over 10 years past. I've replaced the razor head double, and adore that i am ready to realize new heads on-line. It's reversible, and although I leave it blocked all told the time (probably not sensible for the battery), it works for the sixty seconds i want it to shave once I travel with it for many days. Today's question, once it will break or get replaced, what do I do with it? during this society, most {likely} the foremost likely reason behind displacement of the razor is that i will be talented another new one, and if that keeps happening, i will stop shopping for replacement razor heads.

 In theory, if I merely decide to not replace the razor head, somebody else who's during a additional scotch country could eff themselves and be grateful. however I selected razors these days for a reason. From what I keep in mind, once I shared a house with Mbaku St. Christopher, the opposite teacher (an Anglophone from S.. city south of Bamenda, before the ring-road), Caucasian race electrical razors don't work fine for Africans. He tried my electrical for for a while, hoping it'd facilitate his razor-burn face, and told Maine it created it worse than ever. Let's assume conjointly that lots of new razors ar factory-made in Asia, which the repair and recycle market is low.

 I assume that the little circuit card and reversible battery would fail the "focus material" take a look at for R2, requiring domestic handling, and fail the waste export take a look at for Bale Convention. i'm pretty assured, however, that the quantity of copper and onerous rock mining metals within the razor would be terribly worthy to recycle, compared to obtaining constant quantity of fabric from ore.

 If the fabric is exported as "breakage", what's getting to happen to it?

 It may become a lottery price tag for a gentleman like this Egyptian (below, at the city mart, Cairo). I've seen these scavengers in continent and in China, disbursal the day with a blanketful of electronic gadgets and trinkets. My Egyptian friend and host Hamdy noted that a mart guy was conjointly commercialism European electrical wall switches, force out of some construction and demolition rubbish, and told Maine that the mark was thought of higher quality than the new 'made in China' electrical retailers. So, there is a probability that a man can sell my razor off of his blanket jam-packed with "party favors". however there's zero probability that i will be ready to audit that and report on the tip market destination, thus if sold "for recycle" I will not have the impeccable records I even have for SKD manufactory gas-discharge tube reuse.

 If somebody burns the razor on a pile of wire, just like the youngsters at the lowland in African nation, there would not be tons of proof wherever the razor had been generated, however as an instance we tend to track this one and it's undoubtedly mine. Burning the plastic is nasty. Let's assume although that the child stands off from the hearth - one thing the youngsters commonly do unless and anti-export creative person is asking them to square nearer to that. Burning the electrics razor on high of the opposite wire can place some lead solder into the ashes, leading to pollution. The metallic element rechargable battery is price additional in scrap price than the copper recently, thus unless the person burning it does not recognize the use business, it isn't within the fireplace pile. It's questionable whether or not the pollution is as unhealthy as if you get an analogous quantity of copper out of a mine, and i would still argue that the planet could be a higher place than if you throw the razor away during a USA lowland and mine constant quantity of copper from OK Tedi mine on island, wherever the mining ends up in extinction of Orangutans (adding strange which means the the close pictures within the Braun razor ad shown below). however i am within the minority there, the general public feel disgust and then we tend to can't be honest with purchasers and ship the razor as "breakage" if it's getting to be burned.

So, what ought to happen? Let's assume that the recycler got the razor, it did not unload the blanket, and therefore the recycler is aware of to not burn batteries etc. What may they are doing during a "fair trade" scenario? destruct the razor by hand.

 Clank! a fast flick of the wrist joint, and therefore the razor is thrown onto a cement floor or into a barrel. The plastic flies off, feat a steel piece, a little circuit card, the copper wire, and therefore the battery. Snap! With some wire cutters, those completely different metals ar quickly sorted into boxes. the little circuit card will currently go along with the written wiring board for correct use at a smeltery, maybe one in Japan or Belgique. The steel will come in a steel box. The copper wire may be sold to a secondary smeltery, or maybe be cut by a girl with a razor UN agency removes the insulation and sets aside bright and glossy electrical grade copper, which may currently skip ahead to the tip of the refinement line, saving huge carbon and pollution prices. You all recognize, i believe that manual dismantlement, with correct monetary incentives and technical help, is that the absolute best finish use. i like the women UN agency produce valuable metals while not strip mines.

 But alas, as an instance we tend to cannot get the razor to the present honest Trade use operation. maybe the host nation bans the import, like China. Or the USA contract with the generator prohibits export of the unit. Now what?

 • We may demanufacture it by hand within the USA.

• We may bale it with the computer circuit boards associate degreed send it to an R2 destination. Hopefully, somebody examined whether or not it had been a rechargable battery or a straight plug-in razor, like my older Braun.

• We may run it through a amplifier device, that turns and grinds and turns and grinds, disbursal additional energy to urge the copper fraction automatically separated from the steel fraction.

• We may throw it straight into a mine pit, and hope that the refinement chain can get out the metallic element and copper and iron constant means as once those materials ar combined in ore.

• Most seemingly to occur? In Vermont, Arizona, Arkansas, Massachusetts, and alternative places i am acquainted with, the razor can get thrown into a pile of trash, headed for a steel device. it'll get recycled, a la labor leader, however whether or not the materials land up in China or not, in little items, is associate degree open question. "I recycled it within the USA" typically suggests that "I created it in little items within the USA". See posts on trash and ZORBA.

• We will send the item back to Braun. Braun can then build the choice, from among constant selections I've arranged out higher than. Except Braun most likely will not permit recycle. even as Nissan chopped a complete ocean ship jam-packed with cars once the ship listed to the aspect and therefore the cars were broken, Braun will not wish the potential liability if they sell reused elements themselves, and Braun undoubtedly will not wish somebody else creating the choice on the grey market.

So, however can we answer this question? With all the twitter recommendation, all the Facebook ads for use, with all the berth and fanfare, however do OECD nations recycle electrical razors, one thing individuals are handing out as Christmas presents for decades?