#Timnath Heres

[numbersbythebook]

Revelation 5 & Judges 14: Samson Kills a Lion

written by Will Schumacher

In Revelation 5 Jesus is called the Lion of the tribe of Judah but is curiously shown as the Lamb.

Revelation 5:5-6 And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof. 6 And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne and of the four beasts, and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent forth into all the earth.

The verse where Jesus takes the book (verse 7) has a gematria of 4966. I discussed in my last post the tie to Shechem being Strong’s G4966. Reading it may be helpful. This post is about the tie in to Strong’s H4966.

Strong’s H4966 =”sweet”. It is used the first 2 times in the Bible in Judges 14 which is the story of Samson killing a lion and then coming back to find bees and honey in the dead lion. Samson asks a riddle of the Philistines in this story of the lion. Here are the 2 verses using Strong’s H4966.

Judges 14:14,18 And he said unto them, Out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness. And they could not in three days expound the riddle. 18 And the men of the city said unto him on the seventh day before the sun went down, What is sweeter than honey? And what is stronger than a lion? and he said unto them, If ye had not plowed with my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle.

The third time Strong’s H4966 is used it answers the question put forth in verse 18, “what is sweeter than honey?”

Psalm 19:10 More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb.

In the Bible what is sweeter than honey? God’s word: His laws, statutes, commandments and judgements.

Psalm 19:7-9 The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple. 8 The statutes of the Lord are right, rejoicing the heart: the commandment of the Lord is pure, enlightening the eyes. 9 The fear of the Lord is clean, enduring for ever: the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether

In Revelation 5 this verse has a gematria of 6363:

Revelation 5:10 And hast made us unto our God kings and priests: and we shall reign on the earth.

In Judges 14 this verse about the riddle of the lion has a matching gematria of 6363:

Judges 14:16 And Samson's wife wept before him, and said, Thou dost but hate me, and lovest me not: thou hast put forth a riddle unto the children of my people, and hast not told it me. And he said unto her, Behold, I have not told it my father nor my mother, and shall I tell it thee?

So two numbers from Revelation 5 about our redemption by Christ the Lion of the tribe of Judah pictured as a lamb match to the story of Samson and the lion in Judges 14. I believe the story of Samson and the lion is the story of Christ on the cross redeeming us.

There are 2 possibilities of who the lion symbolizes in this story. Satan is called a roaring lion trying to devour in 1 Peter 5:8. Jesus is called the Lion of the tribe of Judah only one time in the bible and that is in Revelation 5 whose numbers tie of Judges 14.

I believe the lion Samson kills is a type of Jesus. How does Samson as a type of Christ kill a lion as a type of Christ? I believe that is answered by Jesus Himself when He says He lays down His own life and He takes it up again. No one else has the authority to kill the Son of God, only He does.

John 10:17-18 Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again. 18 No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father.

Samson met the lion at Timnath. Timnath was given to Judah per Joshua 15:57. So this was a lion in/of the tribe of Judah just as Christ is the Lion of the tribe of Judah.

Judges 14:5 Then went Samson down, and his father and his mother, to Timnath, and came to the vineyards of Timnath: and, behold, a young lion roared against him.

Per the above verse it was a “young” lion. Strong’s H3715 =”young”. Its root is Strong’s H3722 =”pitch” or “covered” as in the pitch or atonement that covered Noah’s ark. Is this young lion a type of Christ covered in “atonement”?

The verse stating that young lion was killed has a gematria of 3468. Strong’s H3468 =”salvation”. It is the same root that forms the Hebrew name that Jesus comes from meaning “salvation”.

Judges 14:6 And the Spirit of the Lord came mightily upon him, and he rent him as he would have rent a kid, and he had nothing in his hand: but he told not his father or his mother what he had done.

When Samson returns a “swarm” of bees and honey were in the carcase:

Judges 14:8 And after a time he returned to take her, and he turned aside to see the carcase of the lion: and, behold, there was a swarm of bees and honey in the carcase of the lion.

As alluded to earlier in this post the honey is a type of the Word of God. Out of Christ’s death came God’s Word that we are redeemed through His blood by our faith.

There was also a “swarm” of bees. Strong’s H5712 =”swarm”. It also means “assembly” or “congregation”, as in the “congregation of Israel”. Its first use in the Bible is in a verse referencing the “passover lamb” which is Christ, our Passover Lamb:

Exodus 12:3 Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house:

Also on the meaning of a “bee” in the Hebrew mind from Abarim Publications:

“Tradition and most Bible commentators and translators (including Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names) assume that the bee was known after a derivation of the verb דבר, meaning to speak, because of the sound a bee makes when it flies. This is highly unlikely for two reasons.

First, the bee is not the only creature that makes a sound, or even buzzes. Calling a bee but no other insect a talker would show an imprecision that is ultimately foreign to the Hebrew language.

Secondly, even in Bible times, the bee was culturally defined as a producer of honey. Honey was the only available sweetener in those days, and honey was recognized as a great source of strength (1 Samuel 14:27). Where milk is compared to the initial nutrition of a new believer (1 PETER 2:2), honey serves the die-hards. Hence Canaan was known as the land flowing with milk and honey (Exodus 3:8), and the judgments of the Lord, as well as his words, were deemed sweeter than honey (Psalm 19:10, 119:103). King David reckoned unity in the House of the Lord sweet (Psalm 55:14); Ezekiel tastes a scroll that was given to him by The Word Of God, and it tastes sweet as honey (3:3), and the same happens to John the Revelator (REVELATION 10:10).

Another prominent insect in the Bible is the fly, which also buzzes. The Hebrew word for fly is זבב (zebub), which serves as segment of the name Beelzebub, meaning Lord Of The Flies. The difference between the kingdom of God and the whatever-dom of satan shows clearly in the difference between the bee and the fly: bees have a house, and operate within a complex colony. Bees like flowers and help them reproduce, make honey, speak a language, care for offspring, and are armed. Flies are homeless, aren't social, don't cooperate, like dung and decaying flesh, make nothing, speak no language, don't care for their offspring, and are not armed.

Also note that bees can only function as a society. There is no such thing as a solitary bee, which makes honey on its own out of the sheer perfection of its private brilliance. Instead, the bee is a creature that consists of countless many individuals, who venture about their world and do their little ordinary thing without having much sense of any difference between them and the whole hive. Said otherwise: bees neither have Nobel Prizes nor Superbee comic strips, nor do they imagine to stand on the shoulders of giants.”

Judges 14:8 above is verse 6918. Stong’s H6918 =”holy”. It’s first use is in a verse stating that God’s “congregation/church” is to be a kingdom of Priests:

Exodus 19:6 And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel.

Recall one of the verses from Revelation 5 that pointed to Judges 14 was an echo of Exodus 19:6 -

Revelation 5:10 And hast made us unto our God kings and priests: and we shall reign on the earth.

Lastly Judges 14 is verse 6911 to 6930 of the Bible. Verse 6930 to 6911 from the end of the bible is Matt 27:41-62 which is the passion of the Christ.

The story of Judges 14 is clearly the story of Revelation 5 and the story of what Christ did for us. The swarm of bees producing honey from the death of the Lion of Judah is the congregation/church of God that has been redeemed and is filled with the Word of God that is sweeter than honey. Lord allow me to produce a sweetness to the people you have placed around me that I may glorify your mighty name.

[lordgodjehovahsway]

Judges 2: God Sent An Angel To Remind The Israelites Of His Promise To Them And Their Disobedience To Him

1 The angel of the Lord went up from Gilgal to Bokim and said, “I brought you up out of Egypt and led you into the land I swore to give to your ancestors. I said, ‘I will never break my covenant with you, 

2 and you shall not make a covenant with the people of this land, but you shall break down their altars.’ Yet you have disobeyed me. Why have you done this? 

3 And I have also said, ‘I will not drive them out before you; they will become traps for you, and their gods will become snares to you.’”

4 When the angel of the Lord had spoken these things to all the Israelites, the people wept aloud, 

5 and they called that place Bokim. There they offered sacrifices to the Lord.

Disobedience and Defeat

6 After Joshua had dismissed the Israelites, they went to take possession of the land, each to their own inheritance. 

7 The people served the Lord throughout the lifetime of Joshua and of the elders who outlived him and who had seen all the great things the Lord had done for Israel.

8 Joshua son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died at the age of a hundred and ten. 

9 And they buried him in the land of his inheritance, at Timnath Heres in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Mount Gaash.

10 After that whole generation had been gathered to their ancestors, another generation grew up who knew neither the Lord nor what he had done for Israel. 

11 Then the Israelites did evil in the eyes of the Lord and served the Baals. 

12 They forsook the Lord, the God of their ancestors, who had brought them out of Egypt. They followed and worshiped various gods of the peoples around them. They aroused the Lord’s anger 

13 because they forsook him and served Baal and the Ashtoreths. 

14 In his anger against Israel the Lord gave them into the hands of raiders who plundered them. He sold them into the hands of their enemies all around, whom they were no longer able to resist. 

15 Whenever Israel went out to fight, the hand of the Lord was against them to defeat them, just as he had sworn to them. They were in great distress.

16 Then the Lord raised up judges, who saved them out of the hands of these raiders. 

17 Yet they would not listen to their judges but prostituted themselves to other gods and worshiped them. They quickly turned from the ways of their ancestors, who had been obedient to the Lord’s commands. 

18 Whenever the Lord raised up a judge for them, he was with the judge and saved them out of the hands of their enemies as long as the judge lived; for the Lord relented because of their groaning under those who oppressed and afflicted them. 

19 But when the judge died, the people returned to ways even more corrupt than those of their ancestors, following other gods and serving and worshiping them. They refused to give up their evil practices and stubborn ways.

20 Therefore the Lord was very angry with Israel and said, “Because this nation has violated the covenant I ordained for their ancestors and has not listened to me, 

21 I will no longer drive out before them any of the nations Joshua left when he died. 

22 I will use them to test Israel and see whether they will keep the way of the Lord and walk in it as their ancestors did.” 

23 The Lord had allowed those nations to remain; he did not drive them out at once by giving them into the hands of Joshua.

[thenewdeadseascrolls]

Judges 2: 6-15. "North of the Storm."

There is a theme and variations that runs through the Tanakh and also human history. Things get better, then they lapse once again. It is safe to say as we enter the cusp of World War III human beings do know how to govern themselves they just do not entirely wish to do so for very long.

Persons who do not want to get with the program are called Philistines, "tunnelers." Philistines include Mormons, Evangelicals, Republicans, fundamentalist Muslims, the persons occupying the Kremlin, North Korea, much of Africa, and around 55% of America if you view the current polls.

Tunnelers tunnel under the Law and the laws, using all kinds of freaky spooky stories to explain the rationale for their errant and misanthropic behavior. They disguise their intentions behind odd phrases, bizarre theories using these to cover politicians in purple cloaks. Then they murder, rape, steal, and lie their way through our lives right at their sides.

The Torah and its most important spokesperson, the Christ said none of these apply. There is One Spirit and its spirit must permeate the activities of the government. The government must reflect the will of God as surely as if it were a churchgoing entity itself.

When an asshole or a group of them rise up and deign to turn the government against the people and the Spirit of God, they must be torn down and destroyed. This is also the essence of the Law, called Joshua, son of Nun, "Salvation is the son of Posterity."

Disobedience and Defeat

6 After Joshua had dismissed the Israelites, they went to take possession of the land, each to their own inheritance. 7 The people served the Lord throughout the lifetime of Joshua and of the elders who outlived him and who had seen all the great things the Lord had done for Israel.

8 Joshua son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died at the age of a hundred and ten. 9 And they buried him in the land of his inheritance, at Timnath Heres[b] in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Mount Gaash.

10 After that whole generation had been gathered to their ancestors, another generation grew up who knew neither the Lord nor what he had done for Israel. 

11 Then the Israelites did evil in the eyes of the Lord and served the Baals. 12 They forsook the Lord, the God of their ancestors, who had brought them out of Egypt. They followed and worshiped various gods of the peoples around them. They aroused the Lord’s anger 

13 because they forsook him and served Baal and the Ashtoreths. 14 In his anger against Israel the Lord gave them into the hands of raiders who plundered them. He sold them into the hands of their enemies all around, whom they were no longer able to resist. 

15 Whenever Israel went out to fight, the hand of the Lord was against them to defeat them, just as he had sworn to them. They were in great distress.

The strange terms first:

Joshua=to cry out for independent economic freedom

he verb ישע (yasha') means to be unrestricted and thus to be free and thus to be saved (from restriction, from oppression and thus from ultimate demise). A doer of this verb is a savior.

Nouns ישועה (yeshua), ישע (yesha') and תשועה (teshua) mean salvation. Adjective שוע (shoa') means (financially) independent, freed in an economic sense.

Verb שוע (shawa') means to cry out (for salvation). Nouns שוע (shua'), שוע (shoa') and שועה (shawa) mean a cry (for salvation).

Nun= Posterity, Fish

Timnath Heres= Discrimination, to become an agent of the Sun

The interrogative pronoun מן (man) means "what?" but the preposition מן (min) means "out of" or "from". The latter is often deployed as prefix, in which only the מ (m) is written. Nouns formed from "מ plus root" commonly describe an "agent" or "place-of" whatever the action of the root describes.

The core function of these words is to distinguish an entity from its environment: hence to distinguish. In Proto-Indo-European appears a strikingly similar root, namely men-, from which we get words like mnemonic and mind (and money).

Verb מנה (mana) means to count or assign or partition (to demarcate a thing from where it emerged from). Nouns מנה (mana) and מנת (menat) mean portion or part. Noun מנה (maneh) is a unit of weight; the mina. And noun מנה (moneh) means time (not clock time but as in ten "times").

Ephraim=The temple of fruitful learning, "bulls in a stable."

The verb פרר (parar) means to split, divide and usually make more, expand or multiply. This root belongs to an extended family that also contains פרץ (paras), to break (through), פרש (paras and parash), to spread out or declare, פרס (paras), to break in two or divide, and פאר (pa'ar) means to branch out or to glorify.

The Bible is not concerned with political goings on and only with the evolution of the wisdom tradition, and thus with the rise of information technology (from cave paintings to blockchain). That said: our word "science" comes from the Greek verb σξιζω (schizo), which means to split, divide and make more.

Verb פרה (para) means to bear fruit or be fruitful. Noun פרי (peri) means fruit in its broadest sense. Noun פר (par) means young bull and פרה (para) means young heifer. Note that the first letter א (aleph) is believed to denote an ox-head, while its name derives from the verb אלף (aleph), to learn or to produce thousands.

The second letter, ב (beth) is also the word for house (or temple or stable). The familiar word "alphabet," therefore literally means "stable of bulls" or "house of divisions" or "temple of fruitful learning".

Mount Gaash= "the eruption, the quaking, storm."

The Angels love to talk about themselves like they are the equivalent in power to natural disasters. The greatest of these takes place after the introduction of the alphabet, reading, writing, and arethmatic to manking. He surely does not know how to handle himself one way or the other.

To go North of the Storm into the Eye of the Sun, Timnath-Serah is what they really want us to do but most of the time we stop short and choose to become hemorrhoids within each others' rectume holes instead.

Baal=a god on the ground. Bad, very bad.

Egypt=Temple of Pitah. the Confederacy. A place of profanity and pain.

Ashtoreths= Unity of Instructions. Notice the term contains "torah" but an Ashtoreth is not quite a Torah.

The verb עשת ('ashat) probably describes the process of how loose elements contract and become a smooth, solid union: to be or become cohesive.

Noun עשת ('eshet) appears to describe a "solid" or "cohesive" body part, possibly the sexual organs. Adjective עשות ('ashot) means smooth in the sense of uncontaminated (of iron).

Nouns עשתות ('ashtut) and עשתון ('eshtona) describe a mental function, and particularly a consistency of thought or consciousness.

Noun עשתי ('ashte) means one.

We must not stop short of the objective, called Mashiach, "global ethical responsibility". For Mashiach to work, every human being needs to educated, treated well and governed fairly and with robust economics. There mustn't ever be a shortage, stoppage, inflation, wars, violence, disruptions, or freaks or weird people running for office, suggesting we follow an Ashtoreth instead of the Guide to success.

The Values in Gematria are:

v. 6-7: They went to take possession of the land. Land is for now, it is for the sake of posterity, it is all the traditions and values needed to ensure they remain safe and profitable. The best way to secure the land is through the study of the Torah and the observance of Shabbat.

Shabbat is the antidote to sacrilege and slavery and is the mainstay of all religious practice on the planet earth.

The Value in Gematria is 11243, גיאבד‎ ‎, will lose gyabed, "slavery to the ravine will end."

v. 8-9: North of Mount Gaash. The Value in Gematria is 7883, זר‎לחג‎ ‎ ‎"A foreigner for the holiday."

Jews are required by the Haggadah to champion the end of slavery in the world and adovocate for the general prosperity of the human race. After the arrest and imprisonment of Donald Trump and the Republican Party, the Russians are our top priority. Their successful liberation from the Kremlin will turn this world back around.

Once the Russian theater is free of tyranny and returned to a state of commonwealth, mankind can focus on getting rid of the problems in the rest of the world in the same manner, from a position of confidence, strength, resolve, and righteousness.

Those Chinese shipyards have to be destroyed and the reign of the Chinese Communist Party has to end. The threats of the Houthis, Hamas, and Hezbollah need to be eliminated.

One by one, governments and cultures that refuse to comply with rule of law must be replaced. This is all entailed in inviting foreigners to the Passover.

v. 10: After that whole generation had been gathered to their ancestors, another generation grew up who knew neither the Lord nor what he had done for Israel.  The Value in Gematria is 8752, חזהב‎ ‎, khazab, "they grew up with the father of falsehood."

v. 11-12: They did evil in the eyes of the Lord. The Value in Gematria is 12062, יבאֶפֶס‎וב‎‎, yabefesov "They bypassed God."

v. 13-14:  In his anger against Israel the Lord gave them into the hands of raiders who plundered them. The Value in Gematria is 8131, חאגא‎, haga, "by arriving and touching."

This does not mean God allowed the Jews to be plundered, it means he sent his prophets to rescue them.

v. 15: They were in great distress.The Value in Gematria is 10681, יוחא, "John", "they transfigured by the Grace of God, they learned how to be gracious."

The verb חנן (hanan) means to be gracious or to favor. Nouns חן (hen), חנינה (hanina), תחנה (tehinna) and תחנון (tahanun) mean favor or grace. Adverb חנם (hinnam) means freely or gratis, and adjective חנון (hannun) means gracious.

All religion boils down to Grace. Grace is the product of great learnedness and a kind temperament, it represents the pinnacle of a human life. Persons in positions of power over the suffering are obligated by rule of law and the sacred tenets of religion to understand how to deliver it and maintain the conditions for its dispersal.

Those Chinese ships are not being made to deliver flowers, nor are the Russians planning to tire of war anytime soon. All misconceptions about the role of Grace in securing our future from these great enemies of mankind and the ones we are homegrowing have to come to an end. Every Jew on earth must play their part.

[vincewillard-1971]

Israel Serves God

Judges 2:1-10

1. And an angel of the Lord came up from Gilgal to Bochim, and said, I made you to go up out of Egypt, and have brought you unto the land which I aware unto your fathers; and I said, I will never break my covenant with you.

2. And ye shall make no league with the inhabitants of this land; ye shall throw down their altars: but ye have not obeyed my voice: why have ye done this?

3. Wherefore I also said, I will not drive them out before you; but they shall be as thorns in your sides, and their gods shall be a snare unto you.

4. And it came to pass, when the angel of the Lord spake these words unto all the children of Israel, that the people lifted up their voice, and wept.

5. And they called the name of that place Bochim: and they sacrificed there unto the Lord.

6. And when Joshua had let the people go, the children of Israel went every man unto his inheritance to possess the land.

7. And the people served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, who had seen all the great works of the Lord, that he did for Israel.

8. And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died being an hundred and ten years old.

9. And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath-heres, in the mount of Ephraim, on the north side of the hill Gaash.

10. And also that generation were gathered unto their fathers: and there arose another generation after them, which knew not the Lord, nor yet works which he had done for Israel.

[lennart11412]

Israel’s Disobedience

1Then the Angel of the Lord came up from Gilgal to Bochim, and said: “I led you up from Egypt and brought you to the land of which I swore to your fathers; and I said, ‘I will never break My covenant with you. 2And you shall make no [a]covenant with the inhabitants of this land; you shall tear down their altars.’ But you have not obeyed My voice. Why have you done this? 3Therefore I also said, ‘I will not drive them out before you; but they shall be thorns[b] in your side, and their gods shall [c]be a snare to you.’ ” 4So it was, when the Angel of the Lord spoke these words to all the children of Israel, that the people lifted up their voices and wept.

5Then they called the name of that place [d]Bochim; and they sacrificed there to the Lord. 6And when Joshua had dismissed the people, the children of Israel went each to his own inheritance to possess the land.

Death of Joshua

7So the people served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, who had seen all the great works of the Lord which He had done for Israel. 8Now Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died when he was one hundred and ten years old. 9And they buried him within the border of his inheritance at Timnath Heres, in the mountains of Ephraim, on the north side of Mount Gaash. 10When all that generation had [e]been gathered to their fathers, another generation arose after them who did not know the Lord nor the work which He had done for Israel.

Israel’s Unfaithfulness

11Then the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord, and served the Baals; 12and they forsook the Lord God of their fathers, who had brought them out of the land of Egypt; and they followed other gods from among the gods of the people who were all around them, and they bowed down to them; and they provoked the Lord to anger. 13They forsook the Lord and served [f]Baal and the [g]Ashtoreths. 14And the anger of the Lord was hot against Israel. So He delivered them into the hands of plunderers who despoiled them; and He sold them into the hands of their enemies all around, so that they could no longer stand before their enemies. 15Wherever they went out, the hand of the Lord was against them for calamity, as the Lord had said, and as the Lord had sworn to them. And they were greatly distressed.

16Nevertheless, the Lord raised up judges who delivered them out of the hand of those who plundered them. 17Yet they would not listen to their judges, but they played the harlot with other gods, and bowed down to them. They turned quickly from the way in which their fathers walked, in obeying the commandments of the Lord; they did not do so. 18And when the Lord raised up judges for them, the Lord was with the judge and delivered them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge; for the Lord was moved to pity by their groaning because of those who oppressed them and harassed them. 19And it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they reverted and behaved more corruptly than their fathers, by following other gods, to serve them and bow down to them. They did not cease from their own doings nor from their stubborn way.

20Then the anger of the Lord was hot against Israel; and He said, “Because this nation has transgressed My covenant which I commanded their fathers, and has not heeded My voice, 21I also will no longer drive out before them any of the nations which Joshua left when he died, 22so that through them I may test Israel, whether they will keep the ways of the Lord, to walk in them as their fathers kept them, or not.” 23Therefore the Lord left those nations, without driving them out immediately; nor did He deliver them into the hand of Joshua.

[chawsl]

So the people served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, who had seen all the great works of the Lord which He had done for Israel. Now Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died when he was one hundred and ten years old. And they buried him within the border of his inheritance at Timnath Heres, in the mountains of Ephraim, on the north side of Mount Gaash. When all that generation had been gathered to their fathers, another generation arose after them who did not know the Lord nor the work which He had done for Israel. Then the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord, and served the Baals; and they forsook the Lord God of their fathers, who had brought them out of the land of Egypt; and they followed other gods from among the gods of the people who were all around them, and they bowed down to them; and they provoked the Lord to anger. They forsook the Lord and served Baal and the Ashtoreths. And the anger of the Lord was hot against Israel. So He delivered them into the hands of plunderers who despoiled them; and He sold them into the hands of their enemies all around, so that they could no longer stand before their enemies. Wherever they went out, the hand of the Lord was against them for calamity, as the Lord had said, and as the Lord had sworn to them. And they were greatly distressed.

Judges 2:7‭-‬15 NKJV

[mybeautifulchristianjourney]

Religious Conditions During the Time of the Judges

1 The Angel of the Lord went up from Gilgal to Bokim, and he said, “I brought you up out of Egypt, and I brought you to the land that I swore to give to your fathers. I said, ‘I will not break my covenant with you, forever. 2 As for you, do not make a covenant with the people living in this land. You must tear down their altars.’ But you did not listen to my voice. What is this you have done? 3 So I say, ‘I will not drive them out before you, but they will be traps for you, and their gods will be a snare to you.’”

4 When the Angel of the Lord spoke these things to all the people of Israel, the people lifted up their voices and wept loudly. 5 They named that place Bokim, and they sacrificed to the Lord there.

6 When Joshua dismissed the people, each of the descendants of Israel went to his own inheritance to take possession of the land. 7 The people served the Lord all the days of Joshua and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, those who had seen all the great deeds that the Lord had done for Israel.

8 Joshua son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died at the age of one hundred ten years. 9 They buried him within the borders of his inheritance, in Timnath Heres, in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Mount Ga’ash.

The Cycle

10 After that whole generation had been gathered to their fathers, another generation arose after them, who did not know the Lord or the deeds that he had done for Israel. 11 The people of Israel committed evil in the eyes of the Lord. They served the Baals, 12 and they abandoned the Lord, the God of their fathers, who had brought them out of the land of Egypt. They went after other gods from among the gods of the peoples who were around them. They bowed down to them, and they angered the Lord. 13 They abandoned the Lord and served the Baals and the Ashtartes.

14 So the anger of the Lord burned against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of raiders, who plundered them. He sold them into the hand of their enemies around them, and they were not able to stand up in the face of their enemies. 15 Whenever the men of Israel went out, the hand of the Lord was against them to bring disaster on them, just as the Lord had said to them and just as the Lord had sworn to them. So they were greatly distressed.

16 Nevertheless, the Lord raised up judges, who saved them from the hand of those who plundered them, 17 but they did not listen even to the judges! Instead, they prostituted themselves to other gods and bowed down to them. They quickly turned from the way in which their fathers, who had obeyed the commands of the Lord, had once walked. This generation did not act the same way their fathers had acted.

18 Whenever the Lord raised up a judge for them, the Lord was with that judge and saved them from their enemies during all the days of that judge, because the Lord had compassion when he heard their groaning under their tormenters and oppressors.

19 But then, after the death of the judge, Israel would turn back and become more corrupt than their fathers by going after other gods, by serving them, and by worshipping them. They refused to let go of their practices and their shameless ways.

20 So the anger of the Lord burned against Israel. He said, “Because this nation has violated my covenant, which I commanded to their fathers, and because they did not obey my voice, 21 I will no longer drive out from among them a single one of the nations that Joshua left unconquered when he died. 22 I will do this in order to test Israel by means of them. Will Israel keep the way of the Lord and walk upon it as their fathers kept it, or not?” 23 So the Lord gave those nations a reprieve, and he did not drive them out quickly. He did not hand them over to Joshua. — Judges 2 | Evangelical Heritage Version (EHV) The Holy Bible, Evangelical Heritage Version®, EHV®, © 2019 Wartburg Project, Inc. All rights reserved. Cross References: Genesis 6:11; Genesis 17:7-8; Exodus 5:2; Exodus 15:25; Exodus 23:32-33; Leviticus 26:14; Numbers 10:9; Deuteronomy 31:16; Joshua 7:12; Joshua 19:49; Joshua 24:28; Judges 1:1; Judges 3:1; Judges 3:7; 1 Samuel 11:4; Psalm 78:10; Psalm 78:58; Psalm 106:39; Acts 13:20

[gayhardmens82]

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[tanach-929]

#213: Shoftim/Judges Chapter 2

929 chapter link: http://www.929.org.il/lang/en/page/213

Mechon Mamre link: https://www.mechon-mamre.org/e/et/et0702.htm

1 And the angel of the LORD came up from Gilgal to Bochim. {P}

And he said: '... I made you to go up out of Egypt, and have brought you unto the land which I swore unto your fathers; and I said: I will never break My covenant with you; 2 and ye shall make no covenant with the inhabitants of this land; ye shall break down their altars; but ye have not hearkened unto My voice; what is this ye have done? 3 Wherefore I also said: I will not drive them out from before you; but they shall be unto you as snares, and their gods shall be a trap unto you.' 4 And it came to pass, when the angel of the LORD spoke these words unto all the children of Israel, that the people lifted up their voice, and wept. 5 And they called the name of that place Bochim; and they sacrificed there unto the LORD. {P}

6 Now when Joshua had sent the people away, the children of Israel went every man unto his inheritance to possess the land. 7 And the people served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, who had seen all the great work of the LORD, that He had wrought for Israel. 8 And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the LORD, died, being a hundred and ten years old. 9 And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath-heres, in the hill-country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Gaash. 10 And also all that generation were gathered unto their fathers; and there arose another generation after them, that knew not the LORD, nor yet the work which He had wrought for Israel. {P}

11 And the children of Israel did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, and served the Baalim. 12 And they forsook the LORD, the God of their fathers, who brought them out of the land of Egypt, and followed other gods, of the gods of the peoples that were round about them, and worshipped them; and they provoked the LORD. 13 And they forsook the LORD, and served Baal and the Ashtaroth. 14 And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and He delivered them into the hands of spoilers that spoiled them, and He gave them over into the hands of their enemies round about, so that they could not any longer stand before their enemies. 15 Whithersoever they went out, the hand of the LORD was against them for evil, as the LORD had spoken, and as the LORD had sworn unto them; and they were sore distressed. 16 And the LORD raised up judges, who saved them out of the hand of those that spoiled them. 17 And yet they hearkened not unto their judges, for they went astray after other gods, and worshipped them; they turned aside quickly out of the way wherein their fathers walked, obeying the commandments of the LORD; they did not so. 18 And when the LORD raised them up judges, then the LORD was with the judge, and saved them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge; for it repented the LORD because of their groaning by reason of them that oppressed them and crushed them. 19 But it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they turned back, and dealt more corruptly than their fathers, in following other gods to serve them, and to worship them; they left nothing undone of their practices, nor of their stubborn way. 20 And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel; and He said: 'Because this nation have transgressed My covenant which I commanded their fathers, and have not hearkened unto My voice; 21 I also will not henceforth drive out any from before them of the nations that Joshua left when he died; 22 that by them I may prove Israel, whether they will keep the way of the LORD to walk therein, as their fathers did keep it, or not.' 23 So the LORD left those nations, without driving them out hastily; neither delivered He them into the hand of Joshua. {P}

Have any thoughts, opinions, feelings or insights on this chapter?  Please share!

[bigsmeat]

Friday is almost here. Come get your fix from 530 to 7 off of 4th street in timnath. #bigsmeatwagon #bigsbbqsauce #meatmagic #sauceboss #wegotyourfix #visitcolorado #visitfortcollins #visitloveland #maypeaceprevail (at Timnath, Colorado) https://www.instagram.com/p/CW_D9X5LADA/?utm_medium=tumblr

[cthulhuofficial]

October 17, 2021

These are some real Asshole™️ thoughts, but I want to vent about this...

There is a couple in my friend group I will refer to here as R&D who are... Pretty self-absorbed in general, and seem to not care that much about me anyway. Not that they don't like me, but they're only hanging out with me because of my husband, not for any compatibility we have. I feel the same way about them tbh, so it mostly works. Sucks that I can't, for instance, invite the couple I'm *closer* to in that friend group (C&T) specifically to certain things without also inviting R&D, but it is what it is 🤷‍♀️

ANYWAY, my husband put together a little get-together last night, and they didn't show up til way late. It was definitely a "come-when-you-can" thing, but aaaalso we just spent hundreds of dollars traveling to Newport Beach for R's birthday, so I feel like they *could've* made an effort? Especially cus they were just, like, hanging out at a bar in Timnath? They also only showed up for the ghost tour, so it was like... Not even hanging out with me necessarily but them doing the ghost tour.

Then they just dropped off my birthday gift, and this is where I'll really start sounding like an asshole, because I should just be grateful to get a gift at all, but it was so... Just cheap and thoughtless, I'd almost rather they didn't, cus it feels like that's how much they value/care about our friendship? They pretty clearly just went to the dollar store or regifted random stuff they had... They got me a wine glass that says "gather" and has some pumpkins on it, and a weird box of clearly cheap Game of Thrones chocolate, and a bottle of Trader Joe's wine (four-buck Chuck). R also said she was gonna send an ebook to my Kindle, but that's clearly an afterthought cus she could've done that yesterday on my actual birthday.

Also D didn't even sign the birthday card. (Small things like this and the gift wouldn't bother me very much on their own if they didn't feel so on-brand with the rest of their behavior.)

Also also, they were on-board when it came to my birthday cabin (they were a maybe because R was gonna get a surgery but then the surgery didn't happen), and again, it feels like they only want to hang out if there is something in it for them, like the ghost tour or a free cabin stay.

ETA: I talked to my husband about this and he confirmed they had gone to see a show and were just eating at a food truck they like and hanging out at a bar until late. The show was at 1pm, so they had pretty ample time to see it and show up before 845. The food truck is local and has a consistent schedule, so they could've gone almost any other time that week. He said they had been silent all day, and he'd given them the itinerary two weeks ago, soooo basically they didn't give a shit

ETA: R has a really difficult life, and I respect that, and that helps me understand why she acts this way... But it also doesn't mean that I can't limit my exposure to her, or not include her in certain things when I don't want to be dealing with The R Show. So that's a pretty mature reasonable place to land with this, I think.

ETA: R actually *has* come through occasionally and been very kind and considerate and generous. My temper was high because my birthday is really important to me and I am very sensitive to it, and I'm not excusing their behavior really, it's just... "Blip" feels like too small a word, but I am just not gonna hold it against them or hold a grudge. I will just adjust my expectations going forward, adjust the amount of time/energy I invest in them, and draw some new boundaries. Sean didn't even disagree with me about any of this, he said it had felt like they were more selfish/self-absorbed/insular than normal. Hopefully things get better for them, and then I can re-evaluate.

[jesus-loves-you-forever1]

Study: Judges 15-16

We pick up on the story of Samson here in chapter fifteen. The story of Samson begins in the thirteenth chapter of the book of Judges with the announcement to his parents of his birth and then the birth of Samson. In chapter fourteen Samson assumes a position as a judge in Israel, which position he occupied for twenty years. His falling in love with a Philistine girl in Timnath is told and the…

[walkthroughtheword]

Reading for July 31st Joshua 19-20

Joshua 19:49-50 “After all the land was divided among the tribes, the Israelites gave a piece of land to Joshua as his allocation. 50For the Lord had said he could have any town he wanted. He chose Timnath-serah in the hill country of Ephraim. He rebuilt the town and lived there.”

This is just one of many examples of why God chose Joshua to follow Moses as the leader of the Israelites. Joshua shows great humility here by receiving his portion last. This level of service and placing others first makes him an outstanding leader. Have you ever had a leader like this in your life?

Chapter 20 gives us more detail on the cities of refuge that God ordered Moses to create in Numbers 35. These sanctuary cities were for someone who unintentionally or accidentally killed another person. These cities were for someone who had committed manslaughter, NOT murder. The difference here is huge. Murder is the intentional slaying of another person with premeditation, whereas manslaughter is the killing of another person without premeditation. Here’s what God says about punishing murder in Genesis 9:5-6 “And anyone who murders a fellow human must die. If anyone takes a human life, that person’s life will also be taken by human hands. For God made human beings in his own image.”

Again, let’s take this to the New Testament with the teaching of Jesus in Matthew 5:21-22 “You have heard that our ancestors were told, ‘You must not murder. If you commit murder, you are subject to judgment.’ But I say, if you are even angry with someone, you are subject to judgment! If you call someone an idiot, you are in danger of being brought before the court. And if you curse someone, you are in danger of the fires of hell.”

Jesus, as he did later with adultery, resets the standard for what is murder. Murder is not only an action, it is a matter of the heart. Murder has its foundation in anger and that must be purged from our hearts. As God commanded Moses and the Israelites to set-up cities of refuge, we also need to be people of refuge. Instead of fueling the fires of anger, frustration, and hatred, be peaceful. You have the Holy Spirit inside of you that can bring the calming love of Christ to others who desperately need a break from the storms.

[vincewillard-1971]

Israel Serves God

Judges 2:1-10

1. And an angel of the Lord came up from Gilgal to Bochim, and said, I made you to go up out of Egypt, and have brought you unto the land which I aware unto your fathers; and I said, I will never break my covenant with you.

2. And ye shall make no league with the inhabitants of this land; ye shall throw down their altars: but ye have not obeyed my voice: why have ye done this?

3. Wherefore I also said, I will not drive them out before you; but they shall be as thorns in your sides, and their gods shall be a snare unto you.

4. And it came to pass, when the angel of the Lord spake these words unto all the children of Israel, that the people lifted up their voice, and wept.

5. And they called the name of that place Bochim: and they sacrificed there unto the Lord.

6. And when Joshua had let the people go, the children of Israel went every man unto his inheritance to possess the land.

7. And the people served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, who had seen all the great works of the Lord, that he did for Israel.

8. And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died being an hundred and ten years old.

9. And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath-heres, in the mount of Ephraim, on the north side of the hill Gaash.

10. And also that generation were gathered unto their fathers: and there arose another generation after them, which knew not the Lord, nor yet works which he had done for Israel.

[gymnasticsfan4]

And an angel of the Lord came up from Gilgal to Bochim, and said, I made you to go up out of Egypt, and have brought you unto the land which I sware unto your fathers; and I said, I will never break my covenant with you. And ye shall make no league with the inhabitants of this land; ye shall throw down their altars: but ye have not obeyed my voice: why have ye done this? Wherefore I also said, I will not drive them out from before you; but they shall be as thorns in your sides, and their gods shall be a snare unto you. And it came to pass, when the angel of the Lord spake these words unto all the children of Israel, that the people lifted up their voice, and wept. And they called the name of that place Bochim: and they sacrificed there unto the Lord . And when Joshua had let the people go, the children of Israel went every man unto his inheritance to possess the land. And the people served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, who had seen all the great works of the Lord , that he did for Israel. And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the Lord , died, being an hundred and ten years old. And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath–heres, in the mount of Ephraim, on the north side of the hill Gaash. And also all that generation were gathered unto their fathers: and there arose another generation after them, which knew not the Lord , nor yet the works which he had done for Israel. And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord , and served Baalim: And they forsook the Lord God of their fathers, which brought them out of the land of Egypt, and followed other gods, of the gods of the people that were round about them, and bowed themselves unto them, and provoked the Lord to anger. And they forsook the Lord , and served Baal and Ashtoreth. And the anger of the Lord was hot against Israel, and he delivered them into the hands of spoilers that spoiled them, and he sold them into the hands of their enemies round about, so that they could not any longer stand before their enemies. Whithersoever they went out, the hand of the Lord was against them for evil, as the Lord had said, and as the Lord had sworn unto them: and they were greatly distressed. Nevertheless the Lord raised up judges, which delivered them out of the hand of those that spoiled them. And yet they would not hearken unto their judges, but they went a whoring after other gods, and bowed themselves unto them: they turned quickly out of the way which their fathers walked in, obeying the commandments of the Lord ; but they did not so. And when the Lord raised them up judges, then the Lord was with the judge, and delivered them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge: for it repented the Lord because of their groanings by reason of them that oppressed them and vexed them. And it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they returned, and corrupted themselves more than their fathers, in following other gods to serve them, and to bow down unto them; they ceased not from their own doings, nor from their stubborn way. And the anger of the Lord was hot against Israel; and he said, Because that this people hath transgressed my covenant which I commanded their fathers, and have not hearkened unto my voice; I also will not henceforth drive out any from before them of the nations which Joshua left when he died: That through them I may prove Israel, whether they will keep the way of the Lord to walk therein, as their fathers did keep it, or not. Therefore the Lord left those nations, without driving them out hastily; neither delivered he them into the hand of Joshua. Judges 2:1‭-‬23 KJV https://bible.com/bible/1/jdg.2.1-23.KJV

[frederickwiddowson]

Leviticus 6:8-13 comments: of breeches and eternal flames

Leviticus 6:8 ¶  And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 9  Command Aaron and his sons, saying, This is the law of the burnt offering: It is the burnt offering, because of the burning upon the altar all night unto the morning, and the fire of the altar shall be burning in it. 10  And the priest shall put on his linen garment, and his linen breeches shall he put upon his flesh, and take up the ashes which the fire hath consumed with the burnt offering on the altar, and he shall put them beside the altar. 11  And he shall put off his garments, and put on other garments, and carry forth the ashes without the camp unto a clean place. 12 And the fire upon the altar shall be burning in it; it shall not be put out: and the priest shall burn wood on it every morning, and lay the burnt offering in order upon it; and he shall burn thereon the fat of the peace offerings. 13  The fire shall ever be burning upon the altar; it shall never go out.

 Let’s clear up one piece of nonsense that Fundamentalist control-freaks are notorious for with regard to the word breeches.

Breeches were underwear worn under the garment. As we saw back in Exodus;

 Exodus 28:42   And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach:

 Loins and thighs are references to the parts of the body that contains the reproductive organs and organs of waste elimination. On the outside of the body it is the area where a sword or dagger is hung.

Genesis 35:11  And God said unto him, I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins

 Song of Solomon 7:1  How beautiful are thy feet with shoes, O prince’s daughter! the joints of thy thighs are like jewels, the work of the hands of a cunning workman.    

 Judges 3:16  But Ehud made him a dagger which had two edges, of a cubit length; and he did gird it under his raiment upon his right thigh.

 Pants wearing didn’t become common in Europe until the 8th century AD, after the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire.[1] The first recorded wearing of pants was for the horse-riding Scythians of the 8th century BC. The Romans regarded wearing pants as a sign of being barbarians due to the horse-riding hordes that constantly threatened the empire.

This verse is often used to justify the thought that women who wear pants, pantsuits, or slacks are sinning against God or being rebellious.

Deuteronomy 22:5   The woman shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man, neither shall a man put on a woman’s garment: for all that do so are abomination unto the LORD thy God.

 Your convictions that you, ladies, or your wife, gentlemen, should only wear a dress are fine but don’t impose them on others as a sign of righteousness. The loose-fitting garments that all people wore at this time would not be accepted today for Christian men. Garments specifically worn by women are noted in the Bible.

2Samuel 13:18  And she had a garment of divers colours upon her: for with such robes were the king’s daughters that were virgins apparelled. Then his servant brought her out, and bolted the door after her.

 Song of Solomon 5:3  I have put off my coat; how shall I put it on? I have washed my feet; how shall I defile them?

 Isaiah 3:22  The changeable suits of apparel, and the mantles, and the wimples, and the crisping pins, 23  The glasses, and the fine linen, and the hoods, and the vails.

 They also wore vails for modesty at certain times.

 Genesis 24:64  And Rebekah lifted up her eyes, and when she saw Isaac, she lighted off the camel. 65  For she had said unto the servant, What man is this that walketh in the field to meet us? And the servant had said, It is my master: therefore she took a vail, and covered herself.

 Ruth 3:15  Also he said, Bring the vail that thou hast upon thee, and hold it. And when she held it, he measured six measures of barley, and laid it on her: and she went into the city.

 Sometimes they were worn by prostitutes as a sign showing their profession.

 Genesis 38:13  And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnath to shear his sheep. 14  And she put her widow’s garments off from her, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife. 15  When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face.

 They wore headdresses and makeup depending on their status.

 2Kings 9:30 ¶  And when Jehu was come to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it; and she painted her face, and tired her head, and looked out at a window.

 Jeremiah 4:30  And when thou art spoiled, what wilt thou do? Though thou clothest thyself with crimson, though thou deckest thee with ornaments of gold, though thou rentest thy face with painting, in vain shalt thou make thyself fair; thy lovers will despise thee, they will seek thy life.

 There were things required of all.

 Numbers 15:38  Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them that they make them fringes in the borders of their garments throughout their generations, and that they put upon the fringe of the borders a ribband of blue: 39 And it shall be unto you for a fringe, that ye may look upon it, and remember all the commandments of the LORD, and do them; and that ye seek not after your own heart and your own eyes, after which ye use to go a whoring: 40  That ye may remember, and do all my commandments, and be holy unto your God.

 And there were restrictions.

 Deuteronomy 22:11  Thou shalt not wear a garment of divers sorts, as of woollen and linen together. 12  Thou shalt make thee fringes upon the four quarters of thy vesture, wherewith thou coverest thyself.

 My point is that there would have been distinctions between the dress and appearance of men and women of all classes. Using underwear worn by the priests as an article of control and domination over women in the assembly of God’s people today strikes me as a wicked thing. How people have twisted the Bible when they have an agenda to push is amazing. It is modesty that we must insist upon. Skin-tight, form-fitting polyester slacks on either sex is not in keeping with how a Christian should display themselves in the world. Modesty is the key.

In verse 11 the ashes of the offering are carried to a clean place as Christ’s body was laid in a new tomb unused previously.

Matthew 27:57 ¶  When the even was come, there came a rich man of Arimathaea, named Joseph, who also himself was Jesus’ disciple: 58  He went to Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus. Then Pilate commanded the body to be delivered. 59  And when Joseph had taken the body, he wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, 60  And laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn out in the rock: and he rolled a great stone to the door of the sepulchre, and departed.

 Verse 13 speaks of a flame that does not go out, much like our salvation and eventual union with Christ.The flame and passion in our hearts for Him must never allowed to go out or the Holy Spirit be quenched as we often say in reference to a fire being put out.

1Thessalonians 5:19   Quench not the Spirit.

 Here, in this passage that would be written down sometime between 1200-1400BC we have an archetype that would be copied in many cultures and in many religions later on. The First Persian Empire, the Achaemenid, of around 500BC had its eternal flame, the Atar, representing “divine sparks” in Zoroastrianism. There was the sacred fire of Vesta in ancient Rome, the sacred fire of the Celtic goddess, Brigid, in Ireland and on and on. They all came much later, Satan’s counterfeits, as that is one of his primary vocations, counterfeiting what God has done already.

We have an “eternal flame” burning at many monuments and gravesites of notables in the United States, a reflection of something that God originally put in place for a very different reason. Scholars have noted how ancient religion was characterized by the worship and veneration of the dead. We can understand this by how the sons of God who came to earth and lived as men were remembered and how the heroes of history like Noah and Seth would be remembered in the popular mind. Christian authorities like Augustine of Hippo noted that the gods of the ancients were once heroes, perhaps the mighty men of renown of Genesis 6. Part of ancestor and hero worship was the family’s sacred fire to be attended and not allowed to die.[2] So, when you think that Americans would never engage in idolatry and paganism just think of the many so-called eternal flames we have burning to commemorate our dead heroes.

[1] LiveScience, “Explained: Why We Wear Pants,” July 16, 2012. https://www.livescience.com/34077-wearing-pants-horse-riding.html 

 [2]   Numa Denis Fustel De Coulanges, The Ancient City: A Study of the Religion, Laws, and Institutions of Greece and Rome (1864, repr. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2006), 37.