#Top 31 MVC Interview Questions & Answers

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300+ TOP TurboGears Interview Questions and Answers

TurboGears Interview Questions for freshers experienced :-

1. What is TurboGears Framework? TurboGears is a Python Framework. It is used to create rapid web application. It consists of several WSGI (Web Server Gateway Interface) components. It is developed by Kevin Dangoor in 2005. 2. In which language TurboGears was written? TurboGears was written in Python programming language. 3. What is MVC (Model View Controller) in TurboGears? MVC model is a software design pattern. It is used to develop web applications. It consists of three parts: Model: It is a business entity which is used to represent the application data. View: It is the presentation layer of MVC. Controller: Request sent by the user always scatters through controller and its responsibility is to redirect to the specific view using View () method. 4. What is the stable version of TurboGears? The stable version of TurboGears is 2.3.10 and released on 4 December 2016. 5. What are the latest libraries and tools to built TurboGears? There are various libraries and tools to built TurboGears that are: SQLAlchemy Genshi ToscaWidgets Gearbox 6. What is SQLAlchemy in TurboGears? In TurboGears, SQLAlchemy is an open source SQL kit that provides Object relation mapping (ORM) for Python code. 7. What are the TurboGears project directories? TurboGears project directories are listed below table: Config                                       It is used to project setup and configuration. Controllers                               It manages controller the logic of web application. i018n                                         It supports the languages of translation files. Lib                                              It provides utility python functions and classes. Model                                        It contains database models.PublicStatic Files                                           It contains CSS, JavaScript and images. Templates                                 It manages the templates exposed by our controllers. Tests                                           It is used to test the project. Websetup                                   It provides the function to execute at application setup. 8. What is the default files installed at the time of project set up? The following default files are installed at the time of project set up: Beaker Genshi zope.sqlalchemy sqlalchemy alembic repoze.who tw2.forms tgext.admin = 0.6.1 WebHelpers2 babel 9. What are the default port supported by TurboGears? TurboGears supported by default port 8080. 10. What are the HTTP methods of TurboGears? HTTP methods of TurboGears are: HTTP Methods                                      Descriptions GET                                    It is used to sends data in unencrypted form to the server. HEAD                                It is same as GET POST                                 It is used to send HTML form data to server. PUT                                   It replaces all current representations of the target resource with the uploaded content. DELETE                           It removes all current representations of the target resource given by a URL

TurboGears Interview Questions 11. What is the use of ToscaWidgets2 and its module? ToscaWidgets2 is used to define the form field into Python script and render them into a HTML Template. The following modules are: tw2.core: It provides core functionality. tw2.forms: It is a basic forms library that contains widgets for fields, field sets and forms. tw2.dynforms: It contains dynamic forms functionality. tw2.sqla: It is an interface for SQLAlchemy database. 12. What are the various validator classes in TuroGears? There are various validator classes in TurboGears: Types of Validators                                            Descriptions LengthValidator                                  It is used to check prescribe length. RangeValidator                                    It is used to check the range of the field. IntValidator                                          It is used to validate the integer types data. OneOfValidator                                    It is used to select a value from the available options in the list only. DateValidator                                       It avoids the user to input an invalid date. EmailValidator                                     It avoids the user to input an invalid email. UrlValidator                                          It validates the user input for a valid URL. MatchValidator                                     It is used to confirm whether the value of field is matched with the other. 13. What is ORM in TurboGears? In TurboGears, ORM stands for Object Relational Mapping. It is a technique of mapping object parameter to underlying RDBMS table structure. 14. What are the CRUD Operations Methods in TurboGears? In TurboGears, The CRUD operation methods are: DBSession.add(model object): It is used to insert a record into mapped table. DBSession.delete(model object) : It is used to delete the records from the table. DBSession.query(model).all(): It is used to retrieve all the records from table. 15. What are Paginations in TurboGears? TurboGears provides a convenient decorator called paginate(). It is used to divide the output in the pages. The number of records per pages is decided by value of items_per_page attribute. 16. Which template engine is used to construct the front-end of TG application? Genshi template engine is used to construct the front-end of TG application. 17. Which method is used to map the root of our first application? Index() method is used to map the root of our first application. 18. Which package is used to create of web widgets directly from the database schema? Sprox package is used to create of web widgets directly from the database schema. 19. Which database supports TurboGears? TurboGear supports MongoDB and SQL dbms database. 20. What are the PyMongo tools to work with MongoDB? There are various PyMongo tools to work with MongoDB that are listed below: Declarative Models Schema Validation and Conversion Schema Evolution Pure InMemory MongoDB Implementation Unit of Work Identity Map One-To-Many, Many-To-One and Many-To-Many Relations 21. What are the ways to plug behavior inside the existing application in TurboGear? In TurboGear, there are three ways to plug behavior inside the existing application. Hook Controller Wrapper Application Wrapper 22. Which command is used to create a pluggable application? The following code is used to create a pluggable application. gearbox quickstart-pluggable plugtest 23. What is a RestController in TurboGear? In TurboGear, RestController is a mechanism to access the request’s method like GET, POST, PUTand many more. 24. Which method is used to render the page in TurboGear? In TurboGear, @expose() decorator method is used to render the [age. 25. What is Kajiki in TurboGear? In TurboGear, Kajiki provides a XML-based template language. It is inspired by Kid and Genshi. 26. How can we create a Text Field object? We can create a Text Field object by using following constructor. twf.TextField(size, value = None) 27. What is the default port of TurboGear? The default port of TurboGear is 8080. 28. What is Scaffolding? Scaffolding is the process of creating a new component of our web application through a template or preset. 29. How to create an Extension in TurboGear? The following code is used to create an Extension in TurboGear. $ gearbox tgext -n myextension -a "My Name" -e "my@email.com" 30. How to store Flash Message? The following code is used to store Flash Message. tg.flash('Message', 'status') 31. How to create TurboGear admin? TurboGear admin is created as object of AdminController class. Example: from tgext.admin.controller import AdminController class RootController(BaseController): admin = AdminController(model, DBSession, config_type = TGAdminConfig) 32. What is Repoze in TurboGear? In TurboGear, Repoze is used to handle security (identification and authentication). Users can define authorization rules based on predicates attached to controllers TurboGears Framework Questions and Answers Pdf Download Read the full article

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300+ TOP FLASK Interview Questions and Answers

Flask Interview Questions for freshers experienced :-

1. What is Flask? Flask is a micro web framework written in Python. It is based on Werkzeug toolkit and Jinja 2 template engine. 2. Who is the developer of Flask? Armin Ronacher is the developer of Flask. 3. What is the stable version of Flask? The stable version of Flask is 0.12.2 and released on 16 May 2017. 4. What are Flask-WTF and its features? It is a template form that is integrated with Flask. It includes various features that are given below. It provides integration with WTF It manages secure form with CSRF token It manages global CSRF protection It provides Internationalization integration It supports recaptcha It handles the file upload that works with Flask uploads 5. What is the benefit of flask? Flask is a part of the micro-framework. It does not require external libraries. It makes the framework light weight, less dependent and less security bugs. 6. What are the differences between Django, Pyramid and Flask? There are following differences between Django, pyramid and Flask:

7. What is the appropriate way to work with Flask script? The appropriate way to work with flask script includes the following steps: Either it should be the import path for our application Or the path to a Python file 8. How can we access sessions in Flask? In Flask, a session allow us to remember information from one request to another. It uses a signed cookie so the user can look at the session contents. We can access session by using the secret key Flask.secret_key in the Flask framework. 9. How can we request database connections in Flask? Flask provides three ways to establish database connection. These are given below. before_request() : It is called before a request and requires no arguments. after_request() : It is called after a request and pass the response that will be sent to the client teardown_request(): It is used when exception is raised and response are not guaranteed. It is called after the response and not allowed to modify the request or their values. 10. What is Flask Sijax? Flask Sijax is a Simple Ajax & jQuery library. It is used to enable Ajax in web applications. It uses JSON to pass data between the server and the browser. 11. How can we get a query string from the Flask? We can get a query string from the flask by using following function. @app.route(‘/data’) def data ( ) : user = request.arg.get (‘user’) 12. How can we create request context in Flask? We can create request context by using following ways. Automatically when the application receives a request OR manually, by calling app.test_request_context (‘/route?param=value) 13. How can we create structure of large Flask application? We can create structure of large Flask application by using following steps: attach to the functions and move them to different files. Use blueprints to assign the views to “categories”. For instance auth, profile, backend, etc. Use the underlying Werkzeug URL map and register functions on there on a central URL. 14. What are the attributes of request objects? There are various attributes of request objects:

15. What are the Mail class methods? There are following Mail class method: send(): It is used to send contents of Message class object. connect(): It is used to opens connection with mail host. send_message(): It is used to sends message object. 16. What are the steps to develop MVC web application in Flask? There are following steps to develop web application: Flask import Flask app = Flask(_name_) @app.route("/") Def hello(): return "Hello World" app.run(debug = True) In this code your, Configuration part will be from flask import Flask app = Flask(_name_) View part will be @app.route("/") Def hello(): return "Hello World" While you model or main part will be app.run(debug = True) 17. What is the extension of Flask? The extension of Flask is .Py. 18. What is the default port of Flask? The default port of Flask is 5000. 19. What is url_for() function in Flask? In Flask, url_for() function is used to build dynamic URL for specific function. 20. What are the HTTP methods in Flask? In Flask, the HTTP methods are given below: GET : It is used to send the data in unencrypted form to the server. HEAD : It is same as GET, but without response body. POST: It is used to send HTML from data to server. Data received by POST method. PUT : It is used to replaces all the current representation uploaded content DELETE : It is used to removes all current reorientation. 21. What is the default route request in Flask? In Flask, GET is the default route request. 22. What are the delimiters used in Jinga2 template? {% … %}: It is used for Statements {{ … }}: It is used for Expressions to print to the template output {# … #}: It is used for Comments not included in the template output # … ## : It is used for Line Statements 23. What is the use redirect() function. Redirect() function is used to display the login page again when a login attempt fails. 24. What are the error codes in Flask? In Flask, the error code is given below: 400 − for Bad Request. 401 − for Unauthenticated. 403 − for Forbidden. 404 − for Not Found. 406 − for Not Acceptable. 415 − for Unsupported Media Type. 429 − Too Many Requests. 25. How can we create a form for file uploading? We can create a form for file uploading by using following code: 26. What are the Mail methods in Flask? In Flask, the Mail methods are given below: send(): It is used to send contents of message class object. connect(): It is used to open connection with mail host. send_message(): It is used to send message object. 27. What are the validators class of WTForms in Flask? In Flask, The validators class of WTForm are listed in below table: Validators class                             Description DataRequired                      It is used to check whether input field is empty Email                                     It is used to check whether text in the field follows email ID conventions. IPAddress                             It is used to validate IP address in input field Length                                   It is used to verify if length of string in input field is in given range NumberRange                     It is used to validates a number in input field within given range URL                                       It is used to validates URL entered in input field 28. Does Flask support in-built SQlite database? Yes, Flask supports in-built SQlite database. 29. What is ORM? ORM stands for Object Relation Mapping. It is a technique of mapping object parameter. 30. What is WSGI? WSGI stands for Web Server Gateway Interface. It is used to python web application development. 31. What are the popular server that contains WSGI application and Server HTTP? There are many popular server that contains WSGI application and server HTTP: Gunicorn Tornado Gevent Twisted Web Flask Questions and Answers Pdf Download Read the full article

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300+ TOP CAKEPHP Interview Questions and Answers

CAKEPHP Interview Questions :-

1. What is Cakephp? CakePHP is a free, open-source, rapid development framework for PHP. it’s a foundational structure for programmers to create web applications. CakePHP goal is to enable developers to work in a structured and rapid manner–without loss of flexibility. CakePHP takes the monotony out of web development. 2. When CakePHP was Developed? CakePHP started in April 2005.When a Polish programmer Michal Tatarynowicz wrote a minimal version of a Rapid Application Framework in PHP, dubbing it Cake.CakePHP version 1.0 released in May 2006. (source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CakePHP) 3. What is the current stable version of CakePHP? 3.0 (on date 2015-06-12). 4. What is MVC in CakePHP? Model view controller (MVC) is an architectural pattern used in software engineering. Model : Database functions exist in the model View : Design parts written here Controller : Business Logic goes here 5. Server requirements for CakePHP. Here are the requirements for setting up a server to run CakePHP: An HTTP server (like Apache) with the following enabled: sessions, mod_rewrite (not absolutely necessary but preferred) PHP 4.3.2 or greater. Yes, CakePHP works great in either PHP 4 or 5. A database engine (right now, there is support for MySQL 4+, PostgreSQL and a wrapper for ADODB). 6. How to install CakePHP? step1: Go to cakephp.org and download the latest version of cakephp. step2: Cakephp comes in a .zip file,so unzip it. step3: Extract the files in the localhost in the desired folder (for example:cakephp). step4: Open the browser and run the URL localhost/cakephp step5: Just Follow the instructions display on the page. 7. What is the Folder Structure of CakePHP? cakephp/ app/ Config/ Console/ Controller/ Lib/ Locale/ Model/ Plugin/ Test/ tmp/ Vendor/ View/ webroot/ .htaccess index.php lib/ plugins/ vendors/ .htaccess/ index.php/ README.md/ 8. What is the Name of Cakephp Database Configuration File Name and its Location? Default file name is database.php.default. its located at "/app/config/database.php.default".to connect with database it should be renamed to database.php 9. What is the First File That Gets Loaded When you Run A Application Using Cakephp?can you Change That File? bootstrap.php yes it can be changed.Either through index.php , or through .htaccess 10. What is the use of Security.Salt and Security.CipherSeed in Cakephp? How to Change its Default Value? the Security.salt is used for generating hashes.we can change the default Security.salt value in /app/Config/core.php. the Security.cipherseed is used for encrypt/decrypt strings.we can change the default Security.cipherSeed value by editing /app/Config/core.php.

CAKEPHP Interview Questions 11. What are Controllers? A controller is used to manage the logic for a part of your application. Most commonly, controllers are used to manage the logic for a single model. Controllers can include any number of methods which are usually referred to as actions. Actions are controller methods used to display views. An action is a single method of a controller. 12. What is default function For a Controller? index() function 13. Which function is executed before every action in the controller? function beforeFilter() 14. List some of the features in CakePHP Compatible with versions 4 and 5 of PHP MVC architecture Built-in validations Caching Scaffolding Access Control Lists and Authentication. CSRF protection via Security Component. 15. Using cakephp, what all are drawbacks. it loads full application before it starts your task. it's not recommended for small projects because of its resource-heavy structure. 16. What is the Naming Convention in Cakephp? Table names are plural and lowercased,model names are singular and CamelCased: ModelName, model filenames are singular and underscored: model_name.php, controller names are plural and CamelCased with *Controller* appended: ControllerNamesController, controller filenames are plural and underscored with *controller* appended: controller_names_controller.php, 17. What is scaffolding in Cakephp? Scaffolding is a technique that allows a developer to define and create a basic application that can create, retrieve, update and delete objects. 18. How to add scaffolding in your application? to add scaffolding to your application,just add the $scaffold variable in the controller, Assuming you’ve created Post model class file (in /app/Model/post.php), you’re ready to go. Visit http://example.com/posts to see your new scaffold. 19. What is a Component in Cakephp? Components are packages of logic that are shared between controllers. they are useful when a common logic or code is required between different controllers. 20. What are Commonly used Components of Cakephp? Security Sessions Access control lists Emails Cookies Authentication Request handling Scaffolding 21. What is a Helper? Helpers in CakePHP are associated with Presentation layers of application.Helpers mainly contain presentational logic which is available to share between many views, elements, or layouts 22. What are Commonly used helpers of Cakephp? FormHelper HtmlHelper JsHelper CacheHelper NumberHelper Paginator RSS SessionHelper Texthelper TimeHelper 23. What is A Behavior? Behaviors in CakePHP are associated with Models.Behaviors are used to change the way models behaves and enforcing model to act as something else. 24. What is the Difference Between Component, Helper, Behavior? Component is a Controller extension, Helpers are View extensions, Behavior is a Model Extension. 25. What is a Element? Element in cakephp are smaller and reusable bits of view code. Elements are usually rendered inside views. 26. What is a Layout? Layout in cakephp are used to display the views that contain presentational code. in simple views are rendered inside a layout 27. How to set Layout in the controller? var $layout = ‘layout_name’; to overwrite for a specific action use below code in that action $this->layout =”layout_name”; 28. How to include Helpers in Controller ? public $helpers = array(‘Form’, ‘Html’, ‘Js’, ‘Time’); to in specific action use below code in that action $this->helper =”helper_name”; 29. How to include Components in Controller ? public $components = array(‘Emails’, ‘ImageUploader’, ‘Sms’); 30. How to Write, Read and Delete the Session in Cakephp? $this->Session->write(‘Bird.Color’, ‘Black’); $black = $this->Session->read(‘Bird.Color’); $this->Session->delete(‘Bird’); 31. What is the use of $this->Set(); the set() method is used for creating a variable in the view file.Say for example if we write, $this->set('posts',$posts); in controller fie, then the variable $posts will be available to use in the view template file for that action. 32. What is the use of $this->Set(Compact()); Using $this->set(compact()) , we can pass multiple parameters to access into the view file. For example, $this->set(compact('posts','users','reports')); Now all these variables will be available in respective view file. 33. What are the advantages of each?Which Would you use and Why? An advantage with first case $this->set('posts', $posts); is that it allows two different names for the view file and controller file. For example, you could write something like $this->set('postData', $posts);. Now the variable name in the view file would be $postData. the advantage with the second approach $this->set(compact()); is easier to write, and useful especially when we are setting several variables to the view.No need to add separate line for each variable as we have with $this->set(); For example, $this->set(compact('posts','users','reports')); 34. is it Possible to Have Multiple Validation Rules Per Field in Cakephp? Yes its possible. 35. What is Wrong With the below validation rule? 'email' => array( 'rule' => array( 'rule' => 'notEmpty', 'message' => 'Please Enter Email address.' ), 'rule' => array( 'rule' => 'email', 'message' => 'Entered Email address is invalid.' ) ) the problem is the first rule notEmpty will never be called because email rule will overwrite it.While using multiple validation rules for the same field you must keep the rule key "unique". in this case if we want to use multiple rules then, we can simple change the rule key names like, 'email' => array( 'rule1' => array( 'rule' => 'notEmpty', 'message' => 'Please Enter Email address.' ), 'rule2' => array( 'rule' => 'email', 'message' => 'Entered Email address is invalid.' ) ) 36. What is the Difference Between Required and NotEmpty in Cakephp? Difference between required and notEmpty 37. How to Get Current URL in CakePHP? to get current url in cakephp use, echo Router::url($this->here, true); This will give full URL with hostname.If you want to get relative path instead of full URL,then use the following code: echo $this->here; This will produce absolute URL excluding hostname i.e. /controller/abc/xyz/ 38. How can you Make Urls Search Engine Friendly While Using Cakephp? it's an automatic task that is done by cakephp. 39. can you List Some Database Related Functions in Cakephp? find, findAll , findAllBy , findBy , findNeighbours and query. 40. Which Methods are used to Create and Destroy Model Associations On the Fly? the bindModel() and unbindModel() Model methods are used to create and destroy model associations on the fly. 41. What is the use of RequestAction Method? the method requestAction is used to call a controller’s action from any location and returns data from the action. 42. What is Recursive in Cakephp? to understand this topic follow this post : Recursive in cakephp 43. How can we use Ajax in Cakephp? By calling ajax helper and then using it in controller for rendering. 44. What is Habtm? Has and belongs to many is a kind of associations that can be defined in models for retrieving associated data across different entities. 45. How Cakephp URL Looks in Address Bar? http://example.com/controller/action/param1/param2/param3 46. How can you include A Javascript Menu Throughout the Site. Give Steps. By adding the javascript files in webroot and call them in default views if needed everywhere or just in the related veiws. 47. Why Cakephp Have Two Vendor Folder?What is the Difference Between Two Vendors Folder Available in Cakephp? there will be two vendor folders available in cakephp frame work. one in ” app ” folder and one in root folder the vendor folder in the app folder is used to place the third-party libraries which are application specific. the vendor folder in the root folder is used to place the third-party libraries which are used for multiple applications. 48. What is the Default Extension of View Files in Cakephp?can we Change it?If Yes then How? default extension of view files is '.ctp'. yes we can change it by writing public $ext = '.yourext'; in AppController.If you want to change it for particular controller then add it into that controller only.you can also change it for the specific action of the controller by putting it in that action of controller. public $ext = '.yourext'; in AppController - you can change all the views extentions. public $ext = '.yourext'; in specific controller like, PostsController - you can change all the views extentions of PostsController. public $ext = '.yourext'; in specific controller action like, index() - you can change the view extention of index.ctp Note: you cannot specify multiple extensions, however it seems like there is a fall back to .ctp if no .php file is found. 49. How can you Set Custom Page Title For the Static Page? to set a custom page title, copy-paste following code anywhere in your static page (.ctp) file: $this->set("title_for_layout", "My page title"); 50. How to Display the Schema of the Model? If you want to display the schema of particular model then you just need to add the following single line of code.For example we have “Posts” Controller. pr($this->Post->schema()); CAKEPHP Questions and Answers pdf download Read the full article

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300+ TOP FULL STACK DEVELOPER Interview Questions and Answers

FULL STACK DEVELOPER Interview Questions for freshers experienced :-

1. Explain the term Full-stack developer? This term is related to a technology expert capable of working on front and back end of an application. It is important that a person knows the ins and outs of the 3-tier model. It also requires an understanding of client and server-side of an application. 2. What are the responsibilities of a full stack developer? Full-stack developer supports the smooth running of all parts of the system The full-stack developer provides assistance to team members and lessens the time, technicality and communication costs They can perform tasks of both back and front end developers, thus saving personnel, set-up and working cost of the company 3. What is visibility:hidden? It means it is invisible but is also taking up the original space. 4. What is display: none? It means it is hidden and also it is not taking up any space. 5. Explain the term front end? Front end relates to technologies like JavaScrip, CSS, HTML. They are associated with interface part of the website. This part is accessed by users using a browser. 6. What development languages are used for server-side coding? Following programming languages are used: Java Ruby Python .Net etc. 7. What DBMS technologies used for full stack development? MySL, Oracle, SQLServer, MongoDB are some of these technologies. 8. Explain software stack? Software stack represents a group of programs used to bring about a particular result. It consists of operating system with its applications. 9. Explain LAMP stack? LAMP stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP. It is used for web services. Its components support each other. Facebook is one of the web applications that runs on it. 10. MERN stack? MERN stands for MongoDB, Express, React, Node.js. It is a group of JavaScript technologies. It is used for web application development a lot nowadays.

FULL STACK DEVELOPER Interview Questions 11. Explain MEAN stack? MEAN stack stands for MongoDB, Express, Angular.js, Node.js. It is growing technology for application development. 12. Explain application server? To create web applications as well as server environment for launching application, application server is used. 13. Explain referential transparency? It is used in functional programming. For replacement of an expression, without changing the end outcome of program, referential transparency is used. 14. What are some design patterns? Different types of design patterns are UI, GUI, UX, prototype and database principles. 15. Explain multi-threading? Multi-threading is used to improve CPU performance. It is based on execution of multiple threads and processes that operating system supports. 16. Explain the debugging process of complex program? Before debugging, it is necessary to analyze the given problem. It is important to check the inputs and outputs. Input and output data sets are checked for potential input and outputs in the test data. Rectification involves avoiding the same error in the next phase and project. 17. What are the newest trends for full stack development? Most of these trends are about compatible extensions, JavaScript programming improvements, Vue functional in JavaScript etc. 18. What are important skills to become full stack developer apart from technical skills? Apart from technical skills, organization skills, flexibility, language, open to suggestions, working with latest programming strategies is important. 19. What are the steps in Continuous Integration? Continuous integration works one step at a time. Maintain the notion for the code to be used in a project. Automate the build and it has to be self-testing. Everyone should integrate code every day on the build. As per production requirements build should be updated. Automate the deployment process. 20. How will you define Continuous Integration? It is the process of using codes built for testing. Developers should integrate a code daily during the phase of building. Every code is analysed automatically. Once this phase is over, code is deployed to team production and no human intervention is introduced. It is helpful in Quick detection of problems. 21. Explain 3-tier model? Three tier model consists of three layers for any application. Presentation layer which is associated with front end part and deals with user interface, business layer and is associated with back-end part, it deals with data validation. Third layer is database layer and it deals with storage of data. 22. What is semantic HTML? HTML is used to define the loop of webpage. Semantic HTML focuses on meaning or semantics of the information presented on the page. Search engines can find the significant text in the page and rank it accordingly. 23. Explain CSS Box model? CSS Box model is used to decide the layout of content on the web page. Each element to be shown on the web page is represented as a rectangular box. Margin, edge, padding, and content edges are used with specific size and color, etc. for the content to be displayed on the screen. 24. What is bootstrap in full-stack development? Bootstrap represents an open-source kit with tools to develop HTML, JS and CSS content. With the help of SaaS variables, mixins, grids, prebuilt modules, and plugins, it can prototype an idea and build the app. 25. Why is REST important in the HTTP protocol? REST is very simple and builds upon already existing systems. It uses existing HTTP features to achieve objectives. It eliminates the need to create new standards, technologies, frameworks, etc. 26. How is REST different from SOAP? These are two APIs with the following differences: REST is an architectural style with no official standard. SOAP is a protocol and with the official standard. REST makes use of numerous standards such as HTTP, JSON, URL, XML whereas SOAP uses mainly XML and HTTP. 27. What is Git? A version control system, Git, allows developers to keep track of any changes made to the codebase. To get the latest out of it, it is vital to understand its important features properly. 28. What are the benefits of Fullstack JavaScript? It provides a number of benefits including reusability of code, shared libraries, models and templates, easy to learn, faster development, no compilation, great distribution, etc. 29. Explain the responsive web design? It’s about CSS and HTML. It is used to resize website automatically. It makes a website look better on any device viz. phone, tablet, desktop. 30. Explain CSS icons? These are provided in vector libraries, scalable and customizable with CSS. Some libraries are bootstrap icons, font awesome and google icons. 31. Name one software registry library? The world’s biggest software registry library is npm. It has 800, 000 code packages. It is also used for private management. 32. What is the difference between architectural and design patterns? An architectural pattern is a reusable solution to regular problems of software architecture. The design pattern is a reusable solution to problems of software design. 33. What are the issues that are addressed by architectural patterns? Following issues: High availability Performance Security Scalability Testing Deployment Maintainability Technology Stack 34. Name mostly used architectural patterns? MVC pattern Master-slave pattern Layered pattern Model view presenter Monolithic architecture REST Event-driven architecture 35. What are different types of design patterns? There are the following types: Creational patterns: They are used to create objects according to builder, singleton pattern, prototype, abstract factory, singleton pattern, etc. Structural patterns: They make the design easy by introducing a simple way for relationship realization among various entities like adapter, facade, bridge, decorator, proxy pattern, etc. Behavioral patterns: These are used to identify communication patterns among objects. 36. How is full stack developer different from software engineer? Developer of full-stack has front and back end knowledge. They know programming languages for the client-side, back end, can work on operating systems, databases, project management. They have knowledge of all the tiers. Software engineer develops software, write code and test it so that software runs fine without errors. They have knowledge of one tier only. 37. What is meant by application architecture? Application Architecture deals with complex application development. It requires deep knowledge of structuring code, data needed in database, separating files, computational tasks, hosting media files. 38. Explain CSS rules? These are applied to affect how documents are displayed. It consists of properties and selectors. 39. Explain Sass? It is known as Syntactically Awesome StyleSheet. It represents CSS preprocessor and adds elegance to language. It permits the use of variables, mixins, nested rules, inline imports etc. With the help of Saas, huge stylesheets remain organized. You can run small stylesheets Quickly with Sass. 40. Explain Mixin? Mixin represents a code block to group CSS declarations, to be reused on the site. 41. How is resetting CSS different from normalizing it? Resetting strips default browser element styling. Normalizing is used to preserve default styles and it doesn’t include unstyling things. It is also used to correct the errors. 42. Explain JavaScript coercion? Conversion of one built-in to another is called coercion. It is of two types, implicit or explicit. Explicit coercion demands use of data type explicitly for conversion. In implicit coercion, automatic conversion between data types occur. 43. How is null different from undefined? Null represents an object of no value. Whereas undefined represents a type. 44. What is the use of external CSS at the place of inline? Inline CSS usually has the wrong impact on the performance of the site. With the use of inline scripts, HTML code weighs more. With the use of external CSS, HTML size is reduced and the rendering of the webpage becomes easy. Also, it is not easy to maintain Javascript code and inline CSS. 45. Explain Cors? Cross Origin Resource Sharing is a way of allowing resources of a web page to be demanded from different domain. Usually this domain is the one from where resource was originated. 46. Explain anonymous functions? These are functions without name. They are invoked automatically with variable name. 47. What is HTML DocType? It is a command to browser about the version markup language of page is written in. It is used before HTML tag. Doctype refers to DTC i.e. document type definition. 48. How is call different from applying? Apply is used to call function as an array with arguments. Call uses explicit listing of parameters. FULL STACK DEVELOPER Questions and Answers Pdf Download Read the full article

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300+ TOP JSF Interview Questions and Answers

JSF Interview Questions for freshers experienced :-

1. What is JSF (JavaServer Faces)? It is a server-side component-based user interface framework. It is used to develop web applications. It provides a well-defined programming model and consists of rich API and tag libraries. The latest version JSF 2 uses Facelets as its default templating system. 2. What are the benefits of JSF? It provides a clean and clear separation between behavior and presentation of the web application. You can write business logic and user interface separately. 3. What are the features of JSF? The latest version of JSF 2.2 provides the following features. Component-Based Framework Implements Facelets Technology Integration with Expression Language Support HTML5 Ease and Rapid Web Development. Support Internationalization Bean Annotations 4. Give the system requirements for the JSF use. For using JSF in a computer, the platform needs to have JDK 1.5 or above. 5. What is the life cycle of JSF? JavaServer Faces application framework manages lifecycle phases automatically for simple applications and also allows you to manage that manually. The lifecycle of a JavaServer Faces application begins when the client makes an HTTP request for a page and ends when the server responds with the page. 6. How does the execution phase work in JSF life cycle? In the execute phase, when the first request is made, the application view is built or restored. For other subsequent requests other actions are performed like request parameter values are applied, conversions and validations are performed for component values, managed beans are updated with component values, and application logic is invoked. 7. How does render phase work in JSF life cycle? In this phase, the requested view is rendered as a response to the client browser. View rendering is a process in which output is generated as HTML or XHTML. So, the user can see it on the browser. 8. What is managed bean in JSF? It is a pure Java class which contains a set of properties and the set of the getter, setter methods. Following are the common functions that managed bean methods perform: Validating a component's data Handling an event fired by a component Performing processing to determine the next page to which the application must navigate 9. How to configure managed bean in the XML file? In this case, we configure bean-name, bean-class, and bean-scope in the XML file to make it accessible in the project. This is an older approach to configure bean into an XML file. 10. What are the available scopes for the managed bean? You can use following scopes for a bean class: Application (@ApplicationScoped): Application scope persists across interaction of all the users with the web application. Session (@SessionScoped): Session scope persists across multiple HTTP requests in a web application. View (@ViewScoped): View scope persists during the interaction of the user with a single page (view) of a web application. 11. What is eager managed bean? The Managed bean is lazy by default. It means the bean is instantiated only when a request is made from the application. You can force a bean to be instantiated and placed in the application scope as soon as the application is started. 12. What are User Interface Components in JSF? JavaServer Faces HTML tag library represents HTML form components and other basic HTML elements, which are used to display or accept data from the user. A JSF form sends this data to the server after submitting the form. 13. What are the MVC design modules? Model View Controller 14. Give a list of facelet tags. Templates Parameters Custom Remove 15. Give a list of important DataTable operations. Display DataTable Add data Edit data Delete data Using the data model 16. What does AJAX stand for? AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. 17. List some AJAX attributes. Disabled Event Execute Immediate Listener Onerror Onevent Render 18. Name some important event handlers. ActionListener ApplicationEvents ValueChangeListener 19. What are the requirements for using integrated JSF using JDBC? PostgreSQLJDBC4 Driver PostgreSQL 9.1 20. What is the use of Controller module? It handles the processing of an application. 21. What is the use of the View module? The module shows the user interface. 22. What is h:inpuText tag in JSF? The JSF tag is used to render an input field on the web page. It is used within a tag to declare input field that allows the user to input data. 23. What is h:outputText tag in JSF? The JSF is used to render a plain text. If the "styleClass", "style", "dir" or "lang" attributes are present, render a "span" element. If the "styleClass" attribute is present, render its value as the value of the "class" attribute. 24. What is h:form tag in JSF? The tag represents an input form. It includes child components that can contain data which is either presented to the user or submitted with the form. It can also include HTML markup to lay out the components on the page. 25. What is h:commandButton tag in JSF? The tag creates a submit button and used to submit an application form. 26. What is h:inputTextarea tag in JSF? The tag renders an HTML "textarea" element. It allows a user to enter multiline string. 27. What is h:commandLink tag in JSF? JSF renders it as an HTML "a" anchor element that acts as a form submit button when clicked. So, you can create an anchor tag by using this tag. An h:commandLink tag must include a nested h:outputText tag, which represents the text that the user clicks to generate the event. It's also required to be placed inside a tag. 28. What is h:inputSecret tag in JSF? It is a standard password field which accepts one line of text with no spaces and displays it as a set of asterisks as it is entered. In other words, we say, it is used to create an HTML password field which allows a user to input a string without the actual string appearing in the field. 29. What is h:inputHidden tag in JSF? It renders an HTML "input" element of type hidden. It does not appear on the web page, so you can pass hidden information while submitting the form. 30. What is h:inputFile tag in JSF? JSF renders it as an HTML element of type file. It is used to get the file as input. In HTML form, it allows a user to upload a file. 31. What is h:graphicImage tag in JSF? JSF renders an HTML element "img" tag. This tag is used to render an image on the web page. 32. What is h:message tag in JSF? It is used to display a single message for a particular component. You can display your custom message by passing the id of that component into the for the attribute. 33. What is h:messages tag in JSF? It is used to displays all messages that were stored in the faces context during the course of the JSF lifecycle. 34. What is h:dataTable tag in JSF? It is used to create a data table that can be updated dynamically. 35. What are the available validation tags in JSF? JavaServer Faces technology provides a set of standard classes and associated tags that you can use to validate elements data. A table which contains the validation tags is given. 36. What is f:validateBean tag in JSF? It is used to register a bean validator to the component. For validating the bean model, you must set the context parameter in the web deployment descriptor file web.xml. 37. What is f:validateDoubleRange tag in JSF? It is used to check that the value of an input field is within a specific range or not. The value must be a float or double type. 38. What is f:validateLength tag in JSF? It is used to check whether the length of a component's value is within a specific range or not. The value must be a java.lang.String. 39. What is f:validateLongRange tag in JSF? It is used to check whether the local value of a component is within a specific range or not. The value must be any numeric type or String that can be converted to a long. 40. What is f:validateRegex tag in JSF? It is used to check whether the local value of a component is a match against a regular expression from the java.util.regex package or not. 41. What is f:validateRequired tag in JSF? It is used to ensure that the local value is not empty on an EditableValueHolder component. 42. How to validate managed bean in JSF? JSF provides validation constraints for bean model in the form of annotations. You can place those annotations on a field, method, or class of a JavaBeans component, such as a managed bean. 43. What are the standard converters in JSF? The JavaServer Faces provides a set of Converters. You can use that to convert component data. The purpose of conversion is to take the String-based data from the Servlet API and convert it to strongly typed Java objects. 44. What is f:converter tag in JSF? It is a core converter tag. It is used to add an arbitrary converter to the parent component. 45. What is f:convertDateTime tag in JSF? It is used to convert user input into the specified date. You can convert a component's data to a java.util.Date by nesting the convertDateTime tag inside the component tag. The convertDateTime tag has several attributes that allow you to specify the format and type of the data. 46. What is f:convertNumber tag in JSF? It is used to convert component (user input) data into a Java Number type. You can convert a component's data to a java.lang.Number by nesting the convertNumber tag inside the component tag. The convertNumber tag has several attributes that allow you to specify the format and type of the data. 47. How to refer bean method in JSF? We refer a managed bean method that performs navigation processing for the component and returns a logical outcome String. 48. What is Facelets? It is a lightweight page declaration language which is used to build JavaServer Faces views using HTML style. 49. What are the advantages of Facelets? 1) It supports code reusability through templating and composite components. 2) It provides functional extensibility of components and other server-side objects through customization 50. What is the lifecycle of Facelets application in JSF? The JavaServer Faces specification defines the lifecycle of a JavaServer Faces application. The following steps describe that process to a Facelets-based application. 1) Lifecycle starts when a client makes a new request for a web page which is created using Facelets. JSF creates a new component tree or javax.faces.component.UIViewRoot and placed into the FacesContext. 51. How to create a Fecelet view? Facelets views are XHTML pages. You can create a web page or view, by adding components to the page, wire the components to backing bean values and properties, and register converters, validators, or listeners on the components. 52. ow to map Faces Servlet instance in JSF application? The configuration of a JavaServer Faces application is done by mapping the Faces Servlet in the web deployment descriptor file a web.xml. 53. What are the Facelets Templates? It is a tool which provides the facility to implement the user interface. Templating is a useful Facelets feature that allows you to create a page that will act as the base for the other pages in an application. By using templates, you can reuse code and avoid recreating similar pages again and again. 54. How to create Facelets Templates? Templating is a useful Facelets feature that allows you to create a page that will act as the base for the other pages in an application. 55. What are the Facelets Composite Components? JSF provides the concept of composite components with Facelets. The Composite component is a special type of template that acts as a component in your application. 56. What are web resources in JSF? JSF web resources are the resources which are required for proper rendering in the web application. It includes images, script files, and any user-created component libraries. 57. How to access CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) File in JSF application? The tag is used to access CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) resource in the web application. You must create a subdirectory inside the resources folder. 58. How to access JS (JavaScript) File in JSF application? The tag is used to access JavaScript file in the web application. You must create a subdirectory inside the resources folder. 59. How to relocate web resources in JSF application? JSF provides a facility to place your resources at any section of your web page and render it to another section. You can relocate your resource by specifying the target attribute. 60. How to create JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) connection in JSF application? You can integrate JSF application to the JDBC. JDBC allows you to store data into the database table. JSF Questions and Answers Pdf Download Read the full article

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300+ TOP MAGENTO Interview Questions and Answers

Magento Interview Questions for freshers experienced :-

1. What is Magento? Magento is an e-commerce platform written in PHP and released under the open source license. It was released by Varien, Inc. on March, 31 2008. It provides flexibility and control to the On-line merchants over the look and content. 2. What was the initial release date of Magento? Magento was initially released on 31st March, 2008. 3. Explain various versions of Magento. Following are the different versions of Magento: Magento Enterprise Edition Magento Community Edition Magento Professional Edition Magento .go Edition 4. What is the architecture of Magento. Magento is a typical MVC application where controller remains at one place while the models at the other. 5. What is the technology used by Magento? In Magento, PHP is used as a scripting language while MySQL is used as the database. 6. Explain some features of Magento? Magento has following basic features. SEO Friendly Google sitemap support Accounts of Customers Managing orders Report and analysis Site management Payment Marketing promotion and tools International support Extremely modular architecture 7. What are the limitations of Magento? There are the following limitations of Magento. Due to the fact that it is written in PHP, it is slower in performance as compare to other platforms. It consumes more space in the memory. It can consume gigabytes of RAM during heavy processes. In the absence of Object oriented programming, it can become complex. 8. How can you improve performance of Magento? There are various ways to improve Magento performance. Disable any unused modules Magento Caching Optimize your Server Use a Content Delivery Network (CDN) Put Stylesheets at the Top Put Scripts at the Bottom Avoid CSS Expressions Disabling Magento Log improve the image 9. How can you make Magento more secure for client. You can use following instructions to improve the security of magneto. Have some complex passwords and change them time to time. Do not let the Magento Content Manager remotely accessed. Don't provide the download facilities on production sites. 10. What type of web applications are created in Magento. Magento is mainly used for shopping cart software. 11. What is EAV in Magento? EAV stands for Entity Attribute Value. It is a technique that facilitates users to add unlimited columns to their table virtually. 12. How many tables will be created in EAV module in Magento? Name them. EAV module will create 6 tables in database. They are as follows: module module_datetime module_decimal module_int module_text module_varchar 13. Explain the difference between EAV and flat model.. EAV database model is fully in normalized form. Each column's value is stored in their respective data type table which makes it more complex as they have to join 5-6 tables even if you need only one detail. In EAV, columns are called attributes. Flat model uses just one table. It is not normalized and uses more database space. It is not good for dynamic requirements where you may have to add some more columns in future. Its performance is fast as it needs only one query instead of joining 5-6 tables. In flat model, columns are called fields. 14. What are Magento product types? Magento simple product: It is used for a single item without any specific selectable variations. For example, a pen, copy, etc. Magento grouped product: It is used for a combination of Magento simple product. For example, a pen and copy together. Magento configurable product: It is used for a single item with specific selectable variations. For example, a pen with different color options. Magento virtual product: It is used for a virtual item i.e: non touchable item. For example, reservation, insurance, etc. Magento bundle product: It is used for a bundle of simple products. For example, laptop with various items such as processor, hard disk, RAM, etc. Magento downloadable product: It is used for online software items. For example, PowerPoint presentation, MP3 files, servers, etc. 15. Explain the difference between Mage::getModel() and Mage::getSingletone() in Magento. Mage::getModel(): It creates a new object. Mage::getSingletone(): It first checks the existence of object and if object doesn?t exist, then it creates a new one. 16. What is ORM in Magento. ORM stands for Object Relational Mapping. It is a programming technique used to convert different types of data into objects and vice versa. There are two types of ORM: Converts different types of data into objects. Converts objects to various types of data. 17. Explain different modules in Magento. Core modules Commercial modules Community modules 18. How to change theme for login users? To change theme for login users, if(Mage::getSingleton('customer/session')->isLoggedIn()): Mage::getDesign()->setPackageName('package_name')->setTheme('themename'); endif; 19. How can you add an external JavaScript/ CSS file to Magento? css/yourstyle.css or skin_jsjs/ yourfile.js skin_csscss/yourstyle. css 20. State the syntax to call a CMS page in your module's PHTML file. $this->getLayout()->createBlock('cms/block')->setBlockId('blockidentifier')->toHtml(); 21. When you need to clear the cache to see the changes made in Magento? When you have added or modified XML, CSS or JS files. 22. How to run custom query in Magento? To run custom query, $db = Mage::getSingleton('core/resource')->getConnection('core_write'); $result=$db->query('SELECT * FROM users where id=4'); 23. How to enable product's custom attribute visibility in frontend? In Manage Attributes section under custom attribute, select Yes for "Visible on Product View Page on Frontend" and "Used in Product Listing". 24. State whether namespace is mandatory while creating a custom module in Magento? No, namespace is not mandatory while creating custom module. 25. Is it possible to have more than one grid in Magento? Yes it is possible. 26. List the magic methods in Magento? Magic methods in Magento: __get() __set() __isset() __call() __tostring() __construct() __has() __uns() 27. How many types of sessions are there? Why we use different sessions in Magento? There are namely three sessions in Magento: customer session checkout session core session All these sessions are stored in one session only. We use different sessions because sometimes we need to clear only a particular session data and not all session data. 28. How can you reset Magento Files and Directory permissions? Change the directory to the directory where Magento is installed and execute the following commands. find. -type d -exec chmod 755 chmod+x magento 29. How to make Magento working with another domain? To let the Magento working with another domain, URL option of Magento base can be changed. Follow these steps: select Magento admin -? System ? configuration and then click Web. Choose unsecure option Replace the base URL filed 30. How will you get first and last item from the collection in Magento? $collection->getFirstItem() and $collection->getLastItem(); 31. What is the use of namespace in Magento? Magento core modules are placed in mage namespace, core/Mage/Catalog and all custom modules are placed in local/CustomModule. You can have more than one module with same name but they need to be placed in different namespaces. 32. Explain handles in Magento? Handles control the structure of the page to be displayed. It decides which block will be placed where in the page. Handle is called for every page and every page request can have several unique handles. 33. What is compilation feature in Magento? Compilation feature allows us to compile all Magento files to create a single include path to increase performance. 34. How to enable Maintenance mode in Magento? Create a file named as maintenance.flag and upload it to Magento home directory containing following code. $maintenanceFile = 'maintenance.flag'; if (file_exists($maintenanceFile)) { include_once dirname(__FILE__) . '/errors/503.php'; exit; } 35. How to convert default currency to others in Magento? To convert default currency to others, select the currency and import currency rates from System-> Manage currency-> Rates. Syntax: $convertedPrice = Mage::helper('directory')->currencyConvert($price, currentCurrency, newCurrency); 36. Explain Google checkout in Magento. Magento allows the integration of online stores with Google checkout. Google checkout is the online payments service provided by the Google. It works like PayPal. 37. How to change Magento core API setting? You have to follow these steps to change Magento core API setting. Go to Admin menu, choose System -> Configuration Select Magento Core API on the left side of the Configuration Panel, under Services Click on to expand the General Settings section Type name of the Default Response Charset that you want to use Determine the Client Session Timeout in seconds Click the Save Config button when completed 38. Can all billing information be managed through Magento? You can do the following things through client Magento account: You can update your billing address. You can add a credit card. You can view your billing history. You can add a PayPal account. You can produce a print ready receipt. 39. What are the advantages of applying Connect Patches in Magento? In Magento, applying Connect Patches provides following features: Enable easy installation of packages with installation and overwrite any existing translations for the same time Enhance security, by default Magento Connect uses HTTP to download extensions instead of FTP Facilitate the extension developers to create new extensions with a dash character in the name Magento administrators will be informed now who tries to install an extension with insufficient file system privileges. 40. How to fetch 5 bestsellers products programmatically in Magento? Mage::getResourceModel('reports/product_collection') ->addOrderedQty() ->addAttributeToSelect('*') ->setPage(1, 5) ->load(); 41. What is codePool? Code pool is a concept to pull the code in Magento structured format. It is specified when you register new module in app/etc/modules/Company_Module.xml There are 3 codePools in Magento: core, community and local, which reside at app/code/ directory. CodePools: _community: It is generally used by 3rd party extensions. _core: It is used by Magento core team. _local: Local codePool should be used for in-hour module development and overriding of core and community modules for custom requirement. Residing directory: _app _code So in short, you can say that codePool helps Magento to locate module inside app/code/ for processing Magento Questions and Answers Pdf Download Read the full article

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300+ TOP FULL STACK DEVELOPER Interview Questions and Answers

FULL STACK DEVELOPER Interview Questions for freshers experienced :-

1. Explain the term Full-stack developer? This term is related to a technology expert capable of working on front and back end of an application. It is important that a person knows the ins and outs of the 3-tier model. It also requires an understanding of client and server-side of an application. 2. What are the responsibilities of a full stack developer? Full-stack developer supports the smooth running of all parts of the system The full-stack developer provides assistance to team members and lessens the time, technicality and communication costs They can perform tasks of both back and front end developers, thus saving personnel, set-up and working cost of the company 3. What is visibility:hidden? It means it is invisible but is also taking up the original space. 4. What is display: none? It means it is hidden and also it is not taking up any space. 5. Explain the term front end? Front end relates to technologies like JavaScrip, CSS, HTML. They are associated with interface part of the website. This part is accessed by users using a browser. 6. What development languages are used for server-side coding? Following programming languages are used: Java Ruby Python .Net etc. 7. What DBMS technologies used for full stack development? MySL, Oracle, SQLServer, MongoDB are some of these technologies. 8. Explain software stack? Software stack represents a group of programs used to bring about a particular result. It consists of operating system with its applications. 9. Explain LAMP stack? LAMP stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP. It is used for web services. Its components support each other. Facebook is one of the web applications that runs on it. 10. MERN stack? MERN stands for MongoDB, Express, React, Node.js. It is a group of JavaScript technologies. It is used for web application development a lot nowadays.

FULL STACK DEVELOPER Interview Questions 11. Explain MEAN stack? MEAN stack stands for MongoDB, Express, Angular.js, Node.js. It is growing technology for application development. 12. Explain application server? To create web applications as well as server environment for launching application, application server is used. 13. Explain referential transparency? It is used in functional programming. For replacement of an expression, without changing the end outcome of program, referential transparency is used. 14. What are some design patterns? Different types of design patterns are UI, GUI, UX, prototype and database principles. 15. Explain multi-threading? Multi-threading is used to improve CPU performance. It is based on execution of multiple threads and processes that operating system supports. 16. Explain the debugging process of complex program? Before debugging, it is necessary to analyze the given problem. It is important to check the inputs and outputs. Input and output data sets are checked for potential input and outputs in the test data. Rectification involves avoiding the same error in the next phase and project. 17. What are the newest trends for full stack development? Most of these trends are about compatible extensions, JavaScript programming improvements, Vue functional in JavaScript etc. 18. What are important skills to become full stack developer apart from technical skills? Apart from technical skills, organization skills, flexibility, language, open to suggestions, working with latest programming strategies is important. 19. What are the steps in Continuous Integration? Continuous integration works one step at a time. Maintain the notion for the code to be used in a project. Automate the build and it has to be self-testing. Everyone should integrate code every day on the build. As per production requirements build should be updated. Automate the deployment process. 20. How will you define Continuous Integration? It is the process of using codes built for testing. Developers should integrate a code daily during the phase of building. Every code is analysed automatically. Once this phase is over, code is deployed to team production and no human intervention is introduced. It is helpful in Quick detection of problems. 21. Explain 3-tier model? Three tier model consists of three layers for any application. Presentation layer which is associated with front end part and deals with user interface, business layer and is associated with back-end part, it deals with data validation. Third layer is database layer and it deals with storage of data. 22. What is semantic HTML? HTML is used to define the loop of webpage. Semantic HTML focuses on meaning or semantics of the information presented on the page. Search engines can find the significant text in the page and rank it accordingly. 23. Explain CSS Box model? CSS Box model is used to decide the layout of content on the web page. Each element to be shown on the web page is represented as a rectangular box. Margin, edge, padding, and content edges are used with specific size and color, etc. for the content to be displayed on the screen. 24. What is bootstrap in full-stack development? Bootstrap represents an open-source kit with tools to develop HTML, JS and CSS content. With the help of SaaS variables, mixins, grids, prebuilt modules, and plugins, it can prototype an idea and build the app. 25. Why is REST important in the HTTP protocol? REST is very simple and builds upon already existing systems. It uses existing HTTP features to achieve objectives. It eliminates the need to create new standards, technologies, frameworks, etc. 26. How is REST different from SOAP? These are two APIs with the following differences: REST is an architectural style with no official standard. SOAP is a protocol and with the official standard. REST makes use of numerous standards such as HTTP, JSON, URL, XML whereas SOAP uses mainly XML and HTTP. 27. What is Git? A version control system, Git, allows developers to keep track of any changes made to the codebase. To get the latest out of it, it is vital to understand its important features properly. 28. What are the benefits of Fullstack JavaScript? It provides a number of benefits including reusability of code, shared libraries, models and templates, easy to learn, faster development, no compilation, great distribution, etc. 29. Explain the responsive web design? It’s about CSS and HTML. It is used to resize website automatically. It makes a website look better on any device viz. phone, tablet, desktop. 30. Explain CSS icons? These are provided in vector libraries, scalable and customizable with CSS. Some libraries are bootstrap icons, font awesome and google icons. 31. Name one software registry library? The world’s biggest software registry library is npm. It has 800, 000 code packages. It is also used for private management. 32. What is the difference between architectural and design patterns? An architectural pattern is a reusable solution to regular problems of software architecture. The design pattern is a reusable solution to problems of software design. 33. What are the issues that are addressed by architectural patterns? Following issues: High availability Performance Security Scalability Testing Deployment Maintainability Technology Stack 34. Name mostly used architectural patterns? MVC pattern Master-slave pattern Layered pattern Model view presenter Monolithic architecture REST Event-driven architecture 35. What are different types of design patterns? There are the following types: Creational patterns: They are used to create objects according to builder, singleton pattern, prototype, abstract factory, singleton pattern, etc. Structural patterns: They make the design easy by introducing a simple way for relationship realization among various entities like adapter, facade, bridge, decorator, proxy pattern, etc. Behavioral patterns: These are used to identify communication patterns among objects. 36. How is full stack developer different from software engineer? Developer of full-stack has front and back end knowledge. They know programming languages for the client-side, back end, can work on operating systems, databases, project management. They have knowledge of all the tiers. Software engineer develops software, write code and test it so that software runs fine without errors. They have knowledge of one tier only. 37. What is meant by application architecture? Application Architecture deals with complex application development. It requires deep knowledge of structuring code, data needed in database, separating files, computational tasks, hosting media files. 38. Explain CSS rules? These are applied to affect how documents are displayed. It consists of properties and selectors. 39. Explain Sass? It is known as Syntactically Awesome StyleSheet. It represents CSS preprocessor and adds elegance to language. It permits the use of variables, mixins, nested rules, inline imports etc. With the help of Saas, huge stylesheets remain organized. You can run small stylesheets Quickly with Sass. 40. Explain Mixin? Mixin represents a code block to group CSS declarations, to be reused on the site. 41. How is resetting CSS different from normalizing it? Resetting strips default browser element styling. Normalizing is used to preserve default styles and it doesn’t include unstyling things. It is also used to correct the errors. 42. Explain JavaScript coercion? Conversion of one built-in to another is called coercion. It is of two types, implicit or explicit. Explicit coercion demands use of data type explicitly for conversion. In implicit coercion, automatic conversion between data types occur. 43. How is null different from undefined? Null represents an object of no value. Whereas undefined represents a type. 44. What is the use of external CSS at the place of inline? Inline CSS usually has the wrong impact on the performance of the site. With the use of inline scripts, HTML code weighs more. With the use of external CSS, HTML size is reduced and the rendering of the webpage becomes easy. Also, it is not easy to maintain Javascript code and inline CSS. 45. Explain Cors? Cross Origin Resource Sharing is a way of allowing resources of a web page to be demanded from different domain. Usually this domain is the one from where resource was originated. 46. Explain anonymous functions? These are functions without name. They are invoked automatically with variable name. 47. What is HTML DocType? It is a command to browser about the version markup language of page is written in. It is used before HTML tag. Doctype refers to DTC i.e. document type definition. 48. How is call different from applying? Apply is used to call function as an array with arguments. Call uses explicit listing of parameters. FULL STACK DEVELOPER Questions and Answers Pdf Download Read the full article