#Twice - MONOGRAPH [BETWEEN 1&2]

[kpopmartcom]

Twice - MONOGRAPH [READY TO BE] * [BETWEEN 1&2] 🍭

[arrivisting]

fic meme

@theghostinthemargins tagged me; anyone who’d like to pick up can consider themselves tagged by me. (@gofuckinggentle? @clothonono?)

Rules: share the first lines of ten of your most recent fanfics and tag ten people. If you have written fewer than ten, don’t be shy and share anyway.

1. Amon Darthir without Gil-galad was a place with its heart torn out. It had been foolish of Fingon to begin building his days around him. Or was that only his old way of thinking, that flinched away from feeling as if from hot coals?

2. “Marriage?” asks her father. He doesn’t often show emotion, so the slight flicker of surprise betrayed by his raised brow is something of a prize.

3. So much has been written about the sons of Finwë. Their quarrels reshaped the history of Arda. On both sides of the Sea they are the subjects of intense scholarly interest and lengthy monographs, of long and salt-stained ballads, of swelling opera, of history paintings that run from floor to lofty ceiling.

4. Finrod Felagund came visiting in Brethil, trailing clouds of glory and blue silk and flashing like a kingfisher’s breast. “Huh,” said Haleth, when she came out of the longhouse, squinting into the sun. 

5. “It’s unbearable,” Curufin said. There had been no conversation before that remark. Curufin had simply come to stand beside him, leaning back with exaggerated casualness against the same window-frame that Maedhros had selected, sighed, and thus begun.

6. Their last-born had a red mark on his cheek where it had pressed against his mother’s hipbone while he was still inside her.

7. Nerdanel drops the bowl she’s holding. It breaks on contact with the floor in a sudden, complete shattering into shards. There is a boy sitting in her kitchen, with his knees drawn up to his chest and his arms wrapped around them. He turns his head at the sound.

8. They had sailed into the sunset, into the green forever beyond the World. It seemed like they were sailing towards the horizon, into endless blue, with no shore in sight. The Straight Way was a gift, and a promise, and never quite certain. It offered itself, unexpectedly; so Círdan’s sailors had said. It was never quite in the same place twice, that border of mist that was also a threshold, a veil between the sacred and the world.

9. They had been singing. Always there was singing still; and if it was less perfect, less glorious, than the music Arwen had once heard in her father’s house, it was not less loved. “Only,” said her daughter, frowning over the lyrics, “I can’t see how his helmet can have been made of adamant. Did they mean steel, but set with diamonds?”

10. “You have brought a stranger unasked-for into the hidden kingdom of Nargothrond, without word or leave,” Finrod says, trying to sound stern. It’s difficult. The crime is a capital one, but the criminal is very small, and tugging on his earring.

+ a meme I saw on tumblr today:

Rules: Post the last sentence/line from your WIP or wherever you left off in your art.

Have three:

1. The longing in his voice when speaking of the days before Arda had had a tenor Celebrimbor had recognised in the voices of Elves when they spoke of Tirion’s bells, or of the golden wheat-fields of Yavanna ruffling in the wind under the hallowed light of Laurelin. He had heard it too when his people spoke wistfully of the green beauty of Ard-galen before the flame, or of Ivrin’s clear waters before Glaurung fouled them, or of the flower-meads of Nan-tathren before Morgoth poisoned the rivers.

2. “Hmph,” said Bilbo. “Personally, I feel better than I have in years.”

3. “Such is war,” said the first, mournfully. “Cruel! Endless! Strong-smelling! And that last the worst!”

[sweetcomputerface-blog]

Atos Hydraulic Vane Pumps

Hydraulic vane pump, is the rotor groove vane and pump shell (stator ring) contact, will be inhaled liquid from the oil side pressure to the oil side of the pump.

Because the history of vane pump according to the different types in the two) specifically refers to the volume pump in the vane pump. Refers to the three pumps (centrifugal pump, mixed flow pump, axial flow pump) or other special pumps of the power pump. This type of pump products generally do not call vane pump. But as a monograph, vane pump almost all refers to centrifugal pump, mixed flow pump, axial flow pump, etc. According to the theoretical displacement per revolution is fixed or variable value, can be divided into vane variable pump and vane quantitative pump.

Operating principle of Atos Hydraulic Vane Pumps:When the vane pump rotor rotates, the blade is under the action of centrifugal force and pressure oil, and the tip is close to the inner surface of the stator. In this way, the working volume formed by the two blades, the rotor and the inner surface of the stator starts from small to large to absorb oil first and then to discharge oil from large to small. When the blade rotates once, oil absorption and oil discharge are completed.

1.Working principle of single-acting vane pump:The pump is composed of rotor, stator, blade, oil distributor and end cover. The inner surface of the stator is cylindrical. There is eccentricity between rotor and stator. The blade can slide flexibly in the groove of the rotor. Under the action of centrifugal force when the rotor rotates and pressure oil flowing through the root of the blade, the top of the blade is attached to the inner surface of the stator. Thus, a sealed working chamber is formed between two adjacent blades, the oil distribution plate, the stator and the rotor. When the rotor rotates counterclockwise, the blade on the right side of the figure extends outwards, and the volume of the sealing chamber gradually increases, creating a vacuum. Therefore, the oil is sucked through the oil suction port and the window on the oil distribution plate. On the left. As the blade shrinks in, the volume of the sealing chamber gradually shrinks, and the oil in the sealing chamber is pressed out through another window of the oil distribution plate and oil pressure port 1 and then output to the system. This pump in the process of rotor rotation, oil suction pressure oil once, so called single action pump. The rotor is subjected to radial hydraulic unbalanced force, so it is also called non-balanced pump, its bearing load is large. The displacement of the pump can be changed by changing the eccentricity between the stator and rotor, so this pump is a variable pump.

2.Working principle of double-acting vane pump:Its principle of action is similar to that of a single-acting vane pump, except that the stator surface is composed of eight parts, namely two long radius arcs, two short radius arcs and four transition curves, and the stator and rotor are concentric. In the case of clockwise rotation of the rotor shown in the figure, the volume of the sealing chamber increases gradually in the upper left and lower right corner, which is the oil absorption area, and decreases gradually in the lower left and upper right corner, which is the oil pressure area. There is a seal between the oil suction and pressure zones to separate them. This pump rotor every turn, each sealed chamber to complete oil absorption and oil pressure action twice, so called double action vane pump. The two oil suction area and two oil pressure area of the pump are radial symmetry, acting on the rotor of the hydraulic pressure radial balance, so also known as balanced vane pump. The instantaneous flow rate of the double-acting vane pump is pulsating, and the pulsating rate is small when the number of blades is a multiple of 4. For this reason, the number of double-acting vane pump blade is generally 12 or 16.

Vane pump management points in addition to the need to prevent dry rotation and overload, prevention of inhalation of air and inhalation of vacuum is too large, but also should pay attention to:

1. Pump steering change, then its suction and exhaust direction also change the vane pump has a specified steering, not allowed to reverse. Because the rotor blade groove is inclined and the blade is chamfer, the bottom of the blade is connected with the oil discharge chamber, and the throttle groove, suction and discharge port on the oil distribution plate are designed according to the established steering direction. Reversible vane pumps must be specially designed.

2. Vane pump assembly oil distribution plate and stator with positioning pin positioning correctly, blade, rotor, oil distribution plate shall not be installed in reverse, the stator inner surface suction area part of the most easily worn, when necessary, can be turned to install, in order to make the original suction area into a discharge area and continue to use.

3. Attention to the cleaning of the working surface, working oil should be very good filtration.

4. Too much blade clearance in the blade groove will increase leakage, and too small blade cannot freely expand and contract, which will lead to abnormal work.

5. The axial clearance of a vane pump has a great effect on vertical v. 1) small pump -0.015 ~ 0.03mm2; medium pump -0.02~ 0.045mm

6. Temperature and viscosity of the oil should not be commonly more than 55 ℃, the viscosity requirements between 17 ~ 37 was/s. Too much viscosity is difficult to absorb oil; Viscosity is too small leakage is serious. As pump products, vane pump more refers to the vane pump. Vane pump almost all refers to the vane pump.

Atos Hydraulic Vane Pumps

[helminadin]

The influence of history and death in Amoud El- Sawari street in Alexandria

Life, death, and history are the three main marbles that can cross the mind when you are passing Amoud El- Sawari street in Alexandria, Egypt. On the eastern side of the street stands a wall covering the historical monument ‘Pompey Pillar’ and the neighboring Islamic tomb and separating both the pillar and the tomb from a local public market. I have a personal relationship with the neighborhood as I lived there almost four years, and I was usually occupied with the idea of the presence of those three combinations together. There were always questions regarding what influenced and shaped the people's cultural identity in the neighborhood: did the existence of a historical monument change the cultural print of the residents? or the atmosphere created by the tomb has a bigger impact? This paper will review and follow how these two elements affected the crystallization of the neighborhood’s daily life habits and will investigate the influence of each through three themes, the market trade activity, traditional atmosphere, and the establishing scene of the street.

If one stands in the northern area of Amoud El-Sawari’s street, the first thing she will notice is the brick-paved ground permeating the routing of the yellow tram railway (Figure 1). Although the railway is meant only for the tram, yet the cars use the same passage as the sellers occupied the available car way in the street from both sides. To describe a typical Alexandrian afternoon, in Amoud El-Sawari Street, the yellow tram is passing, mixing the sound of its wheels on the railway with the horns sounds of cars trying to find their way out through the street. That is usually linked with the Sellers’ voices in the background shouting the prices of their goods to attract customers in the crowded market. All this life stops for a few seconds when a funeral passes by from the market to the other side of the wall where the pillar and Muslim tomb are, and it resumes seconds after as nothing had happened.

Amoud El- Sawari street is in Karmouz district in Alexandria[1] (Figure 2). The neighborhood is considered as one of the oldest districts; it existed before the construction of the city by Alexander the Great. According to the Arabic name, the area includes Roman and Ancient Egyptian ruins[1] such as Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa[1], Serapeum of Alexandria[1] and Pompey Pillar or Amoud El-Sawari[1] . The pillar was constructed during the Roman area in Egypt as a free-standing red granite column at the Serapeum of Alexandria (Figure 3). The Muslim traveler Ibn Batouta[2] mentioned the magnificent pillar in one of his monographs and described how large and glorious the pillar is through a story. The Pillar is the highest monument of its type in the world, the pillar is around 27 meters, which answers the question of how much the pillar is visible to people who live in the neighborhood.

The pillar is located between the Muslim tomb and Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa (Figure 4) and the whole area had been surrounded by a wall to separate it from the neighborhood. Moreover, unlike other historical sites in Egypt, you cannot spot any facility related to tourism or hospitality in the area such as restaurants, hotels and bazaars. Next to the pillar there is the Muslim burial land called Amoud Tomb. The tomb has many entrances marked with numbers so the families can identify the burial place of their loved ones. (Figure 5) Although I could not find any available information or documentation related to the tomb's construction to prove that it is a modern extension for the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa, it is hard to deny the similarities regarding the use of land.

Outside the wall, the scene is different, from both sides of the street there is a local market where sellers display their goods either in a small shop or in a table with a hanger (Figure 6). The local market can be seen as a representation of the economic status of the people living in the neighborhood. As poverty had driven people to create illegal market which occupies most of the street sides to sell low-priced goods for the residents and non-residents of the area. There were many failed attempts took place by the police to evacuate the street resulting many clashes between sellers and policemen. Eventually the state decided to establish small booths by the wall as another attempt to legalize and organize their situation[3].

The market goods reflect the neighborhood image. To illustrate, there are shops selling new bride’s accessories and new home needs such as clothes and curtains. Also, shops for school supplies for kids as there are many schools in the area including two in the street. Furthermore, the existence of Islamic tomb affects the trading activity in the street through the spread of funeral supplies shops (Figure 7). In addition, the small local bazaars in front of the monument door sell small gifts but not specifically for tourists. These shops are not as fancy or prepared as the shops in the other historical areas.  

Despite the active crowded daily scene in the street, every Sunday life disappears with the closure of the market which changes the features of the market. The first time I visited the neighborhood on Sunday I thought there was a mistake and I went to the wrong place. The street was wide, clean, calm and empty of any life forms, only the silent walls and the dead lying in peace. Furthermore, the presence of a tomb usually in the Egyptian cultur is associated with ghosts’ legends. I have heard that story once I moved to the neighborhood including a warning not to walk alone before the wall at night because I might meet the famous ghost “Abuo Manasha” or “Dakn Tarboush”; who are popular among the residents as the guards of the tomb, feeding the visitors curiosity with those stories[4].

On the other hand, tracing the influence of the tomb is much easier than the effect of the historical pillar. The pillar is disconnected from the local scene, making the people alienated from the whole sense of having a monument on the other side of the wall. As if the pillar is not part of the local scene, but the whole other side of the wall is a separate world, deepening the impression that monuments are not for the locals but rather for the foreigners who observer, who have the privilege of contemplating the history. Another point, the presence of the tomb is a constant reminder of Islamic principles stressing on the obligation to respect the dead in their final home. Also, there are a number of texts from the Quran written on the wall and the gate (Figure 8) stressing the same point.

To conclude, the inhabitants have access to the Muslim tomb daily simply to visit or burry their relatives but not to the historical site where the vendors and the tomb guards work daily to serve the visitors of the tomb. This disconnection between the daily life of the residents and the historical site is caused by including the Pompey pillar requires an entry fee, and there is no activity inside except observing the site, which they probably already have done once or twice in their life. Yet, undeniably the site is a tourist attraction monument but mainly for outside visitors who enter the premises in a bus through the gates and leave the same way without interacting with the locals. Furthermore, the existence of the Islamic tomb in the area influenced the whole scene of the street and shaped the overall culture of the people who are treating the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa, and the tomb with the same respect as burial lands more than recognizing it as historical importance. Therefore, in general, the influence of the tomb is clearer and easier to be identified by observing the locals’ trade activity and the establishing scene of the street.  

[1] Egypt. The Ministry of Antiques. Pompey Pillar Site.http://www.antiquities.gov.eg/DefaultAr/Archeological-sites/Pages/Archeologicaldetails.aspx?ArchCode=36#.

[2]Ibn Batota. Rihla " A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling". 1st ed. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar Ihya El Ouloum, 1987.

[3] A.SH.A. "allocating 145 Booths for Street Vendors next to "Amoud El Sawari" in the Western District of Alexandria." Almasryalyoum, April 28, 2015. https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/719405.

[4] "Karmouz Ghosts "Abuo Manasha” and “Dakn Tarboush”." Cairo Dar, June 23, 2014. http://www.cairodar.com/307741/بالصور-والفيديو-عفاريت-كرموز-بـ-مَنَ.

Amoud El-Sawari Street, Karmouz, Alexandria

Figure (1) Amoud El-Sawari Street, Karmouz, Alexandria

Figure (2) Karmouz District. Alexandria

Figure (3) Picture of Pompey Pillar inside the wall

Figure (4)  Marking Pompey pillar, the Muslim tomb and Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa

Figure (5) Amoud El-Sawari Islamic Tomb/ entrance number (5)

Figure (6) The Market Place in Amoud El-Sawari Street

Figure (7) Funeral supplies shop, Amoud El-Sawari Street

A sign in front of the tomb with a prayer

“Peace on you the residents of this land, the faithful ones and the followers of Islam, you are the preceders and we are the followers.”

[greenlifestylemarket]

Are Homeopathic Products Now Illegal?

(By Dr. Mercola) About 5 million U.S. adults and 1 million U.S. children use homeopathy every year, and the remedies are known to be “generally safe and unlikely to cause severe adverse reactions,” according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health’s National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.1 Yet, if the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) continues on its latest crusade, this natural health modality may soon be much harder to come by.

In a draft guidance document released in December 2017, the FDA takes aim at homeopathic remedies, or as they put it, “drug products labeled as homeopathic.”2, 3 In a reversal of a long-standing decision to treat homeopathic remedies differently from other drugs, the FDA has now labeled virtually all of these products as “new drugs” that are “subject to FDA enforcement action at any time.”

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FDA Declares Homeopathic Drugs Illegal, Plans to Ramp up Enforcement Actions

While deaths from drugs like opioids are now a public health crisis, homeopathy has maintained a much lower, and presumably safer, profile. Yet, the FDA is using its limited resources to target the latter, citing a need to “protect consumers who choose to use homeopathic products.” Why now? The FDA also cited a “large uptick in products labeled as homeopathic that are being marketed for a wide array of diseases and conditions,” to the extent that homeopathic products are now a close to $3 billion industry.4

Perhaps that’s $3 billion too much for Big Pharma, FDA’s cozy partner in crime. “[I]n one fell swoop, the FDA has declared that virtually every single homeopathic drug on the market is being sold illegally,” the Alliance for Natural Health USA (ANH USA) wrote5 — and it’s not an exaggeration. In essence, the FDA’s guidance reads:6

Any homeopathic drug that has not been considered “generally recognized as safe and effective” (GRAS/E) is considered a new drug

FDA has not determined that any homeopathic drugs are GRAS/E

A new drug cannot be marketed unless it goes through the FDA’s approval process

No homeopathic drugs have gone through FDA approval nor can any producer afford to take them through the approval process

The FDA then states that it’s proposing a “new, risk-based enforcement approach” and first plans to target the “unapproved drug products labeled as homeopathic that have the greatest potential to cause risk to patients.” This includes:7

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Products with reported safety concerns Products that contain or claim to contain ingredients associated with potentially significant safety concerns Products for routes of administration other than oral and topical Products intended to be used for the prevention or treatment of serious and/or life-threatening diseases and conditions Products for vulnerable populations Products that do not meet standards of quality, strength or purity as required under the law

FDA Does About-Face, ‘Penalizes an Entire Industry’

The draft guidance is a complete turnaround from the FDA’s prior stance on homeopathic remedies, which stated, under the 1988 Compliance Policy Guide (CPG) 400.400, Conditions Under Which Homeopathic Drugs May be Marketed, they did not need to get FDA approval prior to coming on the market. Instead, the ingredients in homeopathic remedies were to be verified by the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States (HPUS). As noted by law firm Venable:8

“Essentially, the HPUS creates a monograph for homeopathic drugs to follow, not dissimilar to the OTC drug monographs that FDA has developed for allopathic drugs. Accordingly, by virtue of an ingredient’s inclusion in the HPUS, the ingredient has already been closely examined and determined to be safe and effective by the HPCUS [Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia Convention of the United States].

Compliance with the HPUS functions as a premarket review of safety and effectiveness in the homeopathic context. By classifying homeopathic drugs as unapproved new drugs, the FDA is requiring a second showing of safety and effectiveness, a step that is unnecessary, not to mention impractical, given that the Agency intends to hold homeopathic products to an allopathic standard that is inappropriate, given the nature of homeopathic products.”

Further, it was by the FDA’s own deliberate decision that homeopathic drugs were excluded from former drug approval processes and intended to be a separate category. Venable continued:9

“The FDA deliberately excluded homeopathic drugs from both the Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (DESI) review (the process by which all drugs approved between 1938 and 1962 were retrospectively evaluated by the FDA for effectiveness) and the OTC Drug Review in 1972 (the process used to develop OTC drug monographs for allopathic drugs), deciding instead in the latter case to regulate homeopathic products separately because of their uniqueness.

By withdrawing the CPG and classifying all homeopathic drugs as unapproved drugs subject to FDA drug approval, the FDA is now requiring higher regulatory thresholds for OTC homeopathic drugs than are applicable to allopathic OTC drugs, many of which are permitted to be sold pursuant to the FDA monograph system. This move in effect penalizes an entire industry for the Agency’s 1972 decision.”

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FTC Targeted Homeopathy in 2016

The FDA isn’t the first government agency to target this centuries’ old natural medicine system. In a notice filed in November 2016, the FTC stated that in order for homeopathic remedies to claim they are effective, their makers must provide proof. If no proof is provided, the remedies must state there is “no scientific evidence that the product works.”

In order to not mislead consumers, the FTC further stated that homeopathic remedies lacking sufficient proof must communicate to consumers that “the product’s claims are based only on theories of homeopathy from the 1700s that are not accepted by most modern medical experts.”10 Dana Ullman, MPH, CCH, one of the leading advocates for homeopathy in the U.S., said at the time:11

“Considering the longtime safety history of homeopathic medicines, it is surprising and even shocking that the FTC would consider proposing new regulations now.

One cannot help but wonder who or what is pulling their strings … policies … commonly result from powerful economic forces at play … it is clear that this governmental agency is ignoring important scientific evidence, and one must wonder if they are protecting Big Pharma from competition more than protecting the consumer.”

Does Homeopathy Work?

Based on the theory that “like cures like,” or the Law of Similars, homeopathy was founded by German physician Dr. Samuel Hahnemann. The idea is that health conditions can be healed by treating a person with minute doses of a substance that would produce similar symptoms to their health condition if given in larger doses.

Homeopathy’s other guiding principle is that of the minimum dose, which is based on the premise that the more a substance is diluted, the more potent homeopathic remedy it becomes, known as the “law of infinitesimals.” Homeopathic remedies may be made from plants, minerals or other substances and are commonly administered in pellet form, dissolved under the tongue. A number of intriguing studies suggest homeopathy is effective and safe for a variety of ailments, including flu. According to Ullman:

“The use of a homeopathic medicine called Oscillococcinum is an example of a remedy that can be effective for many people with the flu, though clinical experience suggests that it is most effective when used within 48 hours of getting flu symptoms. Although most homeopathic medicines are made from the plant or mineral kingdom, Oscillococcinum is unusual in that it is made from the heart and liver of a duck.”

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In one study, nearly twice as many patients who were given Oscillococcinum recovered from the flu within 48 hours as those given a placebo.12 Further, Ullman noted:

“A different group of researchers conducted a randomized, double-blind study involving 372 patients (188 treated with Oscillococcinum and 187 with placebo) of both sexes, ranging in age from 12 to 60, who presented rectal temperature ≥ 100.4 F, muscle pains, headache, or at least one of the following symptoms: shivering, chest pain, spine pain, coughing, irritation of nasal mucosa or feeling of malaise.13

Patients received three tubes of Oscillococcinum or placebo each day (morning, noon and night) for three days. The results of this trial show a highly statistically significant difference between the two groups, for what concerns disappearance of symptoms after 48 hours (19.2 percent in the Oscillococcinum group versus 17.1 percent in the placebo group) and improvement in symptoms (43.7 percent versus 38.6 percent for placebo).”

Additional research shows homeopathy’s promising role in the following conditions:

In patients with allergies, those using homeopathy reported improvements in nasal airflow compared with a placebo group.

With homeopathic treatment, the researchers described a “clear, significant and clinically relevant improvement in nasal inspiratory peak flow, similar to that found with topical steroids.”14

Homeopathy significantly reduced the severity and duration of chemotherapy-induced stomatitis (swelling and sores in the mouth) in children.15 Homeopathic medicine was effective in treating acute childhood diarrhea, decreasing both the duration of the diarrhea and the number of stools per day.16,17 Homeopathy has positive effects in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), particularly in the areas of behavioral and cognitive functions.18 Homeopathy lessened tender point pain and improved quality of life in people with fibromyalgia.19 Homeopathic was effective in treating the early stages of vitiligo in a report of 14 cases20

FDA Continues to Crack Down on Natural Substances, Protect Big Pharma

The FDA’s new push to regulate homeopathic products is eerily reminiscent of their recent crackdown on the plant kratom. Leaves from the kratom tree have been used for pain relief for hundreds of years, but scientists now know they contain compounds that target the brain similarly to opioids, helping to relieve pain. It appears the plant may be safer than opioids for pain relief and could even act as a tool to help those suffering from opioid withdrawal.

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In November 2017, however, rather than targeting the prescription opioids that are the root of the opioid epidemic, the FDA issued a public health advisory regarding risks associated with kratom use, suggesting that its usage could “expand the opioid epidemic.” What this comes down to, for some, is the right to choose what form of “medicine” to put in your body. As Dr. Lee Hieb, an orthopedic surgeon and past president of the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, wrote in WND:21

“I’m not here to tout any particular over-the-counter remedy, but who gave the FDA total ability to limit what we can take into our bodies, while virtually forcing us to be given what they prescribe? It’s none of their business whether a ‘homeopathic remedy’ is worthless.

That’s an issue of commerce and truth in advertising. I, for one, want the freedom to research and decide for myself what supplements to take, even if my supplements ultimately do me no good. (Many do a great deal of good as Big Pharma knows only too well.)”

People have the right to choose their treatment, and doctors (many of whom admit to prescribing placebos to their patients) also retain the right to offer treatments they deem useful, whether it be homeopathy or another remedy.

As for the FDA’s new draft guidance on homeopathic drugs, it’s attempting to discredit such remedies’ proven healing powers before their mechanisms of action have even been fully understood. If you want to express your opinion on the matter, the FDA is accepting comments from the public until March 30, 2018.