#Two-PhasePixelShifting

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Native 4K vs True 4K vs 1080p Pixel Shift in 4K Projectors

As known, fierce competition and new digital technologies have provoked an innovation revolution in the consumer electronics segment. Of course, high-tech projectors are no exception. As a result, companies radically expanded their functionality and improved almost all specs, including resolution, compactness, contrast ratio,, brightness, throw ratio, etc. Of course, the quality of image directly depends on the resolution, which, in turn, affects the detail and sharpness. Therefore, almost all leaders pay great attention to this aspect. As a result, today the market offers a fairly wide range of Home Theater 4K HDR projectors. For example, in 2019, the companies presented BenQ HT3550 (W2000), Epson HC5050UB, Sony VPL-VW295ES, etc.

Resolution

As known, devices use pixels for displaying an image on the screen. The screen of modern models contains millions and more pixels. The number of pixels affects the screen resolution of any device. For example, a screen of 1920 x 1080 (Full HD or Full High Definition or1080p) displays 1920 pixels horizontally and 1080 pixels vertically, creating a grid of 1080 lines. In turn, each row contains 1920 pixels. Accordingly, such images contain a total of 2,073,600 pixels (1920 x 1080).

In recent years, Full HD devices compete fiercely with the more expensive 4K models. But gradually, innovative technologies and new, more efficient processing algorithms reduce the cost of 4K models. Until recently, companies offered only 4K TVs. However, in the past few years, many companies began to produce relatively inexpensive 4K Home Theater projectors. But this is certainly a pleasant trend, has a slight drawback. Lack of unification and marketing considerations sometimes create confusion in terms. For example, today companies use several names simultaneously for their 4K models, including 4K-Enhancement, Native 4K, or True4K. Of course, the buyer has a reasonable question about the differences between these technologies.

Native 4K

As known, digital film projectors were the first to start using 4K resolution. These models supported Cinema 4K resolution (4096 x 2160). Such projector provides 4096 pixels horizontally and 2160 pixels vertically. Respectively, they do not use additional image processing and provide a resolution of 8.8 MPix or, more precisely, 8,847,360 pixels. For example, the Sony VPLVW285ES really suppots such resolution.

Such models use DMD (DLP technology) chips with 4096 x 2160 micromirrors or LCD screens with the same number of pixels in 3LCD projectors. Some projectors also use hybrid 4096 x 2160 LCoS chips with functions of DMD (Digital Micromirror Device, Texas Instruments) and LCD chips. Such models instantly pass the 4K signal without pre-processing. Unfortunately, these models have a high cost, which reaches $ 5,000 and more.

E-shift (1080p Pixel Shifting or wobulation)

The very popular Epson 4K-Enhancement 5040UB refers to e-shift projectors.

These Home Theater models are much cheaper. They provides playback of 4K content, but use DMD or LCD chips with only 1920 x 1080 pixels. Of course, the 4K playback requires an array with 4096 x 2160 micromirrors or similar LCD screen. But, the production of 4K chips requires very high accuracy, which increases their cost. Therefore, companies have developed a Wobulation (4K-Enhancement or Pixel Shifting or e-shift) technology that provides 4K resolution support using chips with a resolution of only 1080p or Full HD. Engineers solved this problem as follows. The projector processes and splits 4K signal into two which a resolution of only 1920 x 1080 pixels. Then, the device alternately projects both pictures onto the screen. But these images are shifted half a pixel relative to each other diagonally. As a result, each pixel has a shift in relation to the pixel of the second picture.

But the viewer perceives these two Full HD pictures as one 4K due to high speed. In fact, the projector displays about 2 MPix x 2 in per cycle. Of course, the e-shift option does not support 3D mode, which also uses alternation of frames for each eye. In this case, the projector automatically disables the wobulation.

True 4K

True 4K supports lower resolution than real 4K. They provide the standard 2160 pixels vertically, but only 3840 (instead of 4096) pixels horizontally. Accordingly, their real resolution reaches only 8.3 MPix (instead of 8,847,360). Companies often call these projectors 4K UHD models. This value corresponds to the 4K TVs. True 4K projectors use two ways to create a projection. Two-Phase Pixel Shifting This technology is similar to e-shift. But, these models use a Texas Instruments 0.66" DMD chip with a 2716 x 1528 pixels. For example, Chinese JMGO U1 has such chip.

Such chip uses a matrix with 2716 x 1528 micromirrors. Each micromirror corresponds to one pixel. The algorithm transforms the input picture into two (4.15 Mpix each). Then, after shifting, it alternately displays two pictures. Of course, each picture contains half of the original. Accordingly, the viewer perceives a picture with 8.3 MPix, which almost corresponds to 8,847,360 native 4K. Four-Phase Pixel Shifting These models use a chip with a resolution of only 1920 x 1080p (0.47" DMD chip). For example, the popular BenQ TK800 belongs to such projectors.

But these projectors divide 4K signal into 4 pictures. Then processor shifts them relative to each other and sequentially displays, switching between them. Accordingly, the sum of four 2 MPix images reaches about 8.3 MPix. But the viewer perceives them as a single picture of 8.3 MPix due to high speed. But physically, the processor simultaneously displays only one quarter of the image.

Conclusion

Of course, all these technologies provide different image quality. But it becomes visually noticeable only when playing quite complex graphics and practically does not appear when playing traditional video.

But in general, the choice of the optimal projector traditionally depends on the budget and personal preferences of the consumer. This year, Amazon already offers the JVC DLA-NX9 4K Home Theater Projector with 8K / e-Shift for $ 18,000.00. This video demonstrates the world's first JVC DLA-NX9 projector with 8K e-Shift and other native 4K options. Read the full article

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Evolution of Epson 4K UHD projectors

As known, fierce competition in the consumer electronics segment stimulates companies to constantly increase the competitiveness of their models. Of course, it traditionally depends on the price, quality and functionality. As a result, all companies conduct a flexible pricing policy through distribution, warranty, price reduction, etc. But the resource of increasing competitiveness due to the quality of bundling and assembly is almost exhausted today. In fact, even the budget modern models from popular brands demonstrate a very high level in this aspect. Therefore, further improvement of this indicator requires significant costs, which, of course, reduce competitiveness due to price increases. As a result, the expansion of functionality has become the main instrument of competition. Of course, the rapid development of digital technology has radically expanded the possibilities of engineers. This trend is clearly evident in almost all segments of household appliances, including TVs, coffee machines, robot vacuum cleaners, etc. Of course, high-tech projectors are no exception. Leaders of this segment almost annually replenish their model lines with new projectors. But this, of course, a positive trend, has formed a small problem. Of course, the leaders of the segment are actively promoting their products around the world. Unfortunately, companies often use different names for one model for different markets. As a result, the market annually offers several dozen new models and a huge number of models of previous years from several companies under different names. As a consequence, a potential buyer is forced to choose between a huge number of models, many of which simply have a different name. Epson projectors well illustrate this problem. For example, today Amazon offers 5040UB/EH-TW9300, 5050UB/EH-TW9400 (USA/Europe), etc projectors. Therefore, even a simplified classification can simplify this task.

Epson UHD Pro Cinema 4030 and Home Cinema 5020UB/5030UB projectors

In the autumn of 2012, EPSON announced its next generation of Full HD 1080p 3D home theater projectors, including PowerLite Pro Cinema 6020UB, Home Cinema 5020UB/5020UBe (EH-TW9100W) and 3020/3020e. As known, the "UB" in the projector's name stands for Ultra Black. Today Epson Ultra Black technology uses a proprietary compensation filter to control the light polarization. It suppresses any stray light within the signal, producing in new models an unprecedented dynamic contrast ratio of 1,000,000:1 and more. Besides, UBe models, unlike UB models, have step-up package that integrates wireless HDMI technology based on the well-regarded WirelessHD standard. Of course, they are more expensive about $ 300. Otherwise, the models have identical specs. New line of Full HD 1080p projectors was presented оn the CEDIA Expo 2013. It included 6030UB, 4030 (EH-TW7200) and 5030UB/5030UBe (EH-TW9200). All these used an advanced Fujinon Opti Cinema lens with 2.1 zoom ratio, 480Hz Drive Technology for 3D mode, and a built-in cinema filter to improve color accuracy. In addition, all projectors supported a new Black and White Cinema mode (classic films), THX 2D and 3D Cinema modes, and a PiP (Picture-in-Picture) optionn for simultaneous use two content sources.

Epson 4K projectors

After few years, June 21, 2016, Epson introduced first 3LCD 5040UB/5040UBe (EH-TW9300) and Pro Cinema 4040 projectors with 4K UHD Signal Input and HDR for under $3,000. But already in 2017, the company offered Home Cinema 4000. It was cheaper ($2,200/$2,700), but had lower brightness (2200 vs 2500 ANSI lm) and contrast (140,000:1 vs 1,000,000:1). In fact, these models have different filters for color compensation. Moreover, 5040UB uses LCD panels with UB (Ultra Black) technology LCD imaging panels, which provide a radical increase of dinamic contrast. But overall, the 5040UB vs HC 4000 does not have a definite advantage due to the very attractive price-quality ratio of the HC 4000. The video at the end demonstrates the capabilities of this model. In the autumn of 2018, Epson introduced the Pro Cinema 4050 and 4010 (EH-TW7400), which became the first projectors of the new 4K PRO-UHD lineup with improved 4K-Enhancement. In fact, Epson Home Cinema 4010 can be positioned as a consumer version of Home Cinema 4050. Epson HC 4010 is slightly superior to HC 4000 and has a very attractive price, which provided a fairly successful competition for HC 4010 vs 5040UB. Finally, in the spring of 2019, the company introduced Epson 4K PRO-UHD 3-Chip HDR Home Cinema 5050UB/5050UBe ($2,700 / $3,000 ) projectors that come to replace 5040UB/5040UBe. Respectively, 5050UBe has a 4K wireless HDMI transmitter.

Evolution to 5040UB

As know, Epson Home Cinema 5020UB for several years was considered one of the most successful projectors in its class. Relatively low price, excellent specs, including Full HD, dinamic contrast ratio 320,000: 1 (full on / off), 2,400 ANSI lm, 30 - 300 inches Image Size, 22 dB in Eco mode, Full HD 3D, etc provided excellent competitiveness of this projector. Home Cinema 5030UB has become the next model in this line. By retaining the same chassis, engineers improved image quality by increasing the contrast from 320,000: 1 to 600,000: 1 and expanded the functionality. In particular, the model supports the Frame Interpolation option to smooth high-dynamic scenes. But the Epson 5040UB 2016 made a powerful leap in comparison with its prototypes. Its design fully coincides with Epson HC 4010. But in this model, the company first used 4K-Enhancement (pixel-shifting technology or wobulation) technology, increasing the resolution to 3840 x 2160. Of course, experts often argue about the validity of using the 4K name for this technology. Indeed, pixel-shifting does not increase the physical number of pixels. But these disputes are linguistic in nature, because wobulation really enhances the clarity of the image in its visual perception. Of course, 5040UB vs 5030UB showed many other improvements, including all-glass, 16-piece 2.1x zoom lens with 4K performance, motorized zoom, Lens Memory feature, etc.

Epson 5050UB

The latest Epson 5050UB vs 5040UB becam one more jerk. Epson Home Cinema 5050UB costs $ 700 more ($ 2,700 / $ 2,000) and provides 100 ANSI lm more (brightness of 2600/2500 lm for color and white). But, of course, the improved pixel shift technology is their main difference. Model uses the individual pixel plate with tighter tolerances. It increases the angle of the leading and trailing edges of the electronic shift pulse, redusing the delay between the trough and crest of the pixel shift changes. As a result, new projector has less downtime, providing more light output and a faster signal. In fact, 5050UB provides better accuracy, more output, and higher speed. According to the company, maximum supported resolutions of 5050UB reaches DCI 4K (4096 x 2160) vs 3840 x 2160 for 5040UB. Moreover, 5050UB provides Improved HDR Support. The projector automatically detects the HDR standard (SDR, HDR10 or HLG) and supports its adjustment from the menu. But, the final assessment of the price / quality ratio depends on the individual preferences of the buyer and his budget. Of course, projectors support a different set of technologies from EPSON, providing different functionality.

Conclusion

Of course, Epson was offered in this period a much wider range of projectors, including excellent Full HD Epson 3100, 3700 and 3900, etc. But the article format considers the line Home Cinema 5020UB/5020UBe - 5030UB/5030UBe - 5040UB/5040UBe – 5050UB/5050UBe and Epson Pro Cinema 4030 - 4000 - 4010. The parallel line of Pro Cinema 6020UB - 6030UB - 6040UB - 6050UB, differs only in the way of sale. They usually are available for sale within the custom integrator channel. But these models have identical specs with the 50xx series. It may be noted that some models have a different color. 4K PRO-UHD series use eponymous technology, which, according to the company, increased the efficiency of wobulation (4K Enhancement or pixel-shifting) and signal processing. As known, this technology divides the 4K signal into several lower-resolution pictures (Four-Phase and Two-Phase Pixel Shifting), shifts them relative to each other and displays them on the screen sequentially. As a result, the high frame rate creates an illusion of the perception of one high-resolution frame by summing up the pixels of each frame. Moreover, these models support Full HD for 3D Mode. Thus, today EPSON offers models, covering almost all price segments in this class. The simplified list includes: 1 - Full HD, including Home Cinema 5020UB / 5030UB and Pro Cinema 4030; 2 - 4K, including 5040UB (or 5040UBe, +$300) and HC 4000 ($1,850 / $1,465); 3 - 4K PRO-UHD (improved 4K-Enhancement), including 5050UB (or 5050UBe, +$300) and HC 4010 ($2,700 / $1,800). Of course, all these factors affect the choice of the optimal projector. Read the full article

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Epson Home Cinema 5050UB (EH-TW9400) vs Epson 5040UB (EH-TW9300)

As known, in June 21, 2016, Epson introduced 3LCD 5040UB/5040UBe (EH-TW9300) and Pro Cinema 4040 projectors with 4K UHD and HDR support for under $3,000. Unlike UB models, UBe projectors have module for support wireless HDMI technology based on the well-regarded WirelessHD standard. Of course, they are more expensive about $ 300. These models used wobulation (e-shift, pixel-shifting or 4K- Enhancement) technology for increasing the resolution to 3840 x 2160. But, this resolution differs from Native 4K (4096 x 2160) and True 4K. As known, True 4K with Two-Phase or Four-Phase Pixel Shifting use 0.66" DMD chip (2716 x 1528) or 0.47" DMD chip (1920 x 1080), but with the division of 4K images into 4 arrays and their shift. Of course, the simultaneous use of several different names for one technology may confuse some consumers. Today, wobulation technology for video processing in projectors use the following names: - JVC - e-Shift or eShift; - Epson - 4K Enhancement or 4KE; - Texas Instruments - TI UHD (informally). However, many prefer the more common name pixel-shifting or Pixel Shifting. Of course, some experts sometimes argue about the validity of using the 4K name for all these technologies. Indeed, pixel-shifting does not increase the physical number of pixels. But these disputes are linguistic in nature, because wobulation really enhances the clarity of the image in its visual perception. At the same time, this technology has radically reduced the cost of producing projectors with support for 4K resolution. As a result, today the market offers a wide range of models at a relatively affordable price.

HC 5050UB / 5050UBe

In 2019, the company introduced the new HC 5050UB / 5050UBe, which replace the 5040UB / 5040UBe (TW9400 for Europe) of 2016. Traditionally, the UBe model has a 4K wireless HDMI transmitter and costs $ 300 more. Of course, the novelty supports all functions of the previous model. In addition, it offers an improved pixel-shifting algorithm with higher efficiency, HLG support for HDR UHD content, new Digital Cinema color mode with full DCI-P3 color gamut and 18 Gbps HDMI 2.0 port., which supports 4K / 60p HDR games.

Lumen Output

New models provide 100 ANSI lm more compared to 5040UB (2,600 vs 2,500 lumens). But, the brightness value for Epson has some specific features due to the peculiarity of LCD projection technology. As known, the light from the source in 3LCD projectors is reflected from the mirrors of the optical unit. In fact, these dichroic mirrors perform the function of color filters, passing only a certain color (red, green and blue or R, G, B). After separation, the three light streams are directed to the corresponding LCD monochrome matrices, which, after modulation, form a black-red, black-green and black-blue image at the output. A prism unites them and forms a color image, transferring it further to the optical system, the lens and to the screen. Thus, all three color components are projected onto the screen at the same time, providing the same white light output and color light output (CLO). This aspect is an important difference between 1 chip DLP projectors and 3LCD models. The perfect balance between white / color light output really affects image quality. Of course, Epson actively uses this advantage, periodically presenting the results of various tests. Therefore, Epson, unlike other companies, always specifies two values in the specs of its models. In particular, the company indicates CLO (Colour Light Output) and white light output, once again reminding of this advantage. Of course, both of these values are always identical. The video at the end demonstrates the difference in color saturation of 3LCD vs 1-chip DLP models. Epson measures white light output in accordance with traditional ISO/IEC 21118 standard and CLO in accordance with IDMS 15.4 standard, which was first published in May 2012.

Improved pixel-shifting algorithm (4K PRO-UHD), HDR mode and lens

Epson 5050UB uses second generation of 4K-Enhancement, which is called 4K PRO-UHD. In particular, 4K PRO-UHD uses a pixel plate with tighter tolerances. As a result, the engineers have increased angle of the leading and trailing edges of the electronic shift pulse, reducing the delay between the bottom and the top of the pixel shift change. According to the company, this improvement reduces downtime, increasing the light output, color accuracy, and performance, in general. In addition, Epson indicates DCI 4K (4096 x 2160) for 5050UB vs 3840 x 2160 for 5040UB. Moreover, the company has improved HDR support. In particular, the new projector automatically detects HDR content, including HDR10 and HLG, and supports its setting from the menu. As known, this line of projectors uses a 3-axis motorized lens. Unfortunately, the previous models had a rather large lag. Now, engineers have reduced electrical noise of the control system, increasing the smoothness of its work. In addition, the improved system has an auto-centering control, which is activated by the “LENS” button.

Conclusion

Of course, the improved 4K image quality, excellent colors, good HDR performance and deep black provide an advantage of 5050UB vs 5040UB. However, the new model also has several drawbacks, including the huge size, the high price for Pixel Shifting technology, and a bit noisy in high setting. But in general, the model adequately continues the evolution of Epson 4K HDR projectors. In fact, today the price difference reaches almost 30%, which is probably a lot. But the visualization of all these pros is manifested only in complex video and in difficult conditions (highly dynamic or dark scenes on the big screen or in daylight, etc.). That is, when using a home theater projector. Therefore, the final assessment of the price / quality ratio depends on the individual preferences of the buyer and his budget. Besides, all these factors affect the choice of the optimal projector. Read the full article

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New technologies in EPSON projectors

Of course, EPSON projectors need no introduction. As known, Seiko Epson Corporation is the holding company of the Epson group of the Japanese diversified concern Seiko Group. Company has production facilities in Japan, USA, Italy, Great Britain, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Singapore. As known, the development of one of the main projection technology called Epson 3LCD became an important event in its history. Already in 1989 the company introduced the world's first 3LCD VPJ-700 projector. Today, three-matrix 3LCD technology successfully competes with DLP and LCoS (D-ILA, SXRD) technologies. Of course, over the past decades, the company has radically improved its projectors by developing a large number of innovative technologies. As a result, virtually all modern Epson projectors, including the 4K PRO-UHD series (5050UB and 4010) consistently included in the group of leaders in this segment.

EPSON innovations

4K PRO-UHD Projection This innovative technology includes a set of video signal processing algorithms. Of course, the increase in resolution due to wobulation (e-shift or Pixel Shifting or 4K Enhancement) is a major one. But new processing algorithms also improve color accuracy and color range. As known, 4K-Enhancement pixel-shifting technology divides the original high-resolution image into 2 or 4 pictures (Two-Phase or Four-Phase Pixel Shifting), shifts them relative to each other by half-pixel diagonally and transmits sequentially on the screen. High speed creates the perception illusion of these pictures as a single image. In addition, its resolution is perceived as the sum of all resolutions of these images due to their shift, which visually increases the pixel density. In this way, technology transforms Full HD resolution into pseudo 4K. This technology uses S2 Pixel-Shift Processor for precise control of each LCD chips. Moreover, it supports full HD resolution in 3D Mode. In addition, the Precision HDR Adjustment option very precisely adjusts HDR performance with 16-level discreteness. Digital Cinema mode provides the Extreme Color Gamut option to reproduce full DCI-P3 color space. According to the company, the increase in color performance reaches 50%. As known, Epson UltraBlack technology uses a compensation filter to increase the efficiency of controlling the light polarization. In fact, it suppresses excess light in the signal, increasing the dynamic contrast ratio to an unprecedented value of 1,200,000: 1.

Other

The company also improved its 3-Chip color processing algorithms (True 3-Chip), increasing the RGB coverage for each frame to almost 100%. As a result, the new models provide a display of the full color gamut with minimal loss of brightness. Powerful ZX CPU supports ADC processing without delay for 12-bit signals. Its performance provides high smoothness of tonal transitions without bands and other artifacts due to compression. Moreover, new Epson projectors have H2 HDR CPU with support HDR 10 standard for very accurate playback of HDR content. Moreover, modern Epson projectors use patented VRX lenses with additional focusing at the edges and without loss of luminous flux. Besides, the motorized lens provides a lens offset of ± 96% and ± 47% vertically and horizontally, respectively. In addition, the lens memory stores ten presets for zoom and focus. Of course, all modern Epson projectors support HDMI 2.0, color formats and 4K HDR content at 60 Hz. Unfortunately, not all EPSON models support the full range of these options. Its list mainly depends on the class of the model and, accordingly, its price. But EPSON 4K PRO-UHD home theater projectors, including EPSON 4010, 5050UB / 5050UBe and 6050UB support them. Of course, all these factors affect the choice of the optimal projector. This video presents some innovative technologies in modern Epson projectors. Read the full article