#Ultra Pure Water Instrument Market | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

newstfionline · 6 years

Text

The Ultra-Pure, Super-Secret Sand That Makes Your Phone Possible

Vince Beiser, Wired, Aug. 6, 2018

FRESH FROM CHURCH on a cool, overcast Sunday morning in Spruce Pine, North Carolina, Alex Glover slides onto the plastic bench of a McDonald’s booth. He rummages through his knapsack, then pulls out a plastic sandwich bag full of white powder. “I hope we don’t get arrested,” he says. “Someone might get the wrong idea.”

GLOVER IS A recently retired geologist who has spent decades hunting for valuable minerals in the hillsides and hollows of the Appalachian Mountains that surround this tiny town. He is a small, rounded man with little oval glasses, a neat white mustache, and matching hair clamped under a Jeep baseball cap. He speaks with a medium-strength drawl that emphasizes the first syllable and stretches some vowels, such that we’re drinking CAWWfee as he explains why this remote area is so tremendously important to the rest of the world.

Spruce Pine is not a wealthy place. Its downtown consists of a somnambulant train station across the street from a couple of blocks of two-story brick buildings, including a long-closed movie theater and several empty storefronts.

The wooded mountains surrounding it, though, are rich in all kinds of desirable rocks, some valued for their industrial uses, some for their pure prettiness. But it’s the mineral in Glover’s bag--snowy white grains, soft as powdered sugar--that is by far the most important these days. It’s quartz, but not just any quartz. Spruce Pine, it turns out, is the source of the purest natural quartz--a species of pristine sand--ever found on Earth. This ultra-elite deposit of silicon dioxide particles plays a key role in manufacturing the silicon used to make computer chips. In fact, there’s an excellent chance the chip that makes your laptop or cell phone work was made using sand from this obscure Appalachian backwater. “It’s a billion-dollar industry here,” Glover says with a hooting laugh. “Can’t tell by driving through here. You’d never know it.”

In the 21st century, sand has become more important than ever, and in more ways than ever. This is the digital age, in which the jobs we work at, the entertainment we divert ourselves with, and the ways we communicate with one another are increasingly defined by the internet and the computers, tablets, and cell phones that connect us to it. None of this would be possible were it not for sand.

Most of the world’s sand grains are composed of quartz, which is a form of silicon dioxide, also known as silica. High-purity silicon dioxide particles are the essential raw materials from which we make computer chips, fiber-optic cables, and other high-tech hardware--the physical components on which the virtual world runs. The quantity of quartz used for these products is minuscule compared to the mountains of it used for concrete or land reclamation. But its impact is immeasurable.

Spruce Pine’s mineralogical wealth is a result of the area’s unique geologic history and the deposits of what are known as pegmatites. Generally speaking, these pegmatites are about 65 percent feldspar, 25 percent quartz, 8 percent mica, and the rest traces of other minerals, and they lie near the surface.

Native Americans mined the shiny, glittering mica and used it for grave decorations and as currency. American settlers began trickling into the mountains in the 1800s, scratching out a living as farmers. A few prospectors tried their hands at the mica business, but were stymied by the steep mountain geography. “There were no rivers, no roads, no trains. They had to haul the stuff out on horseback,” says David Biddix, a scruffy-haired amateur historian who has written three books about Mitchell County, where Spruce Pine sits.

The region’s prospects started to improve in 1903 when the South and Western Railroad company, in the course of building a line from Kentucky to South Carolina, carved a track up into the mountains, a serpentine marvel that loops back and forth for 20 miles to ascend just 1,000 feet. Once this artery to the outside world was finally opened, mining started to pick up. Locals and wildcatters dug hundreds of shafts and open pits in the mountains of what became known as the Spruce Pine Mining District, a swath of land 25 miles by 10 miles that sprawls over three counties.

Mica used to be prized for wood- and coal-burning stove windows and for electrical insulation in vacuum tube electronics. It’s now used mostly as a specialty additive in cosmetics and things like caulks, sealants, and drywall joint compound. During World War II, demand for mica and feldspar, which are found in tremendous abundance in the area’s pegmatites, boomed. Prosperity came to Spruce Pine. The town quadrupled in size in the 1940s. At its peak, Spruce Pine boasted three movie theaters, two pool halls, a bowling alley, and plenty of restaurants. Three passenger trains came through every day.

Toward the end of the decade, the Tennessee Valley Authority sent a team of scientists to Spruce Pine tasked with further developing the area’s mineral resources. They focused on the money-makers, mica and feldspar. The problem was separating those minerals from the other ones. A typical chunk of Spruce Pine pegmatite looks like a piece of strange but enticing hard candy: mostly milky white or pink feldspar, inset with shiny mica, studded with clear or smoky quartz, and flecked here and there with bits of deep red garnet and other-colored minerals.

For years, locals would simply dig up the pegmatites and crush them with hand tools or crude machines, separating out the feldspar and mica by hand. The quartz that was left over was considered junk, at best fit to be used as construction sand, more likely thrown out with the other tailings.

Working with researchers at North Carolina State University’s Minerals Research Laboratory in nearby Asheville, the TVA scientists developed a much faster and more efficient method to separate out minerals, called froth flotation. “It revolutionized the industry,” Glover says. “It made it evolve from a mom-and-pop individual industry to a mega-multinational corporation industry.”

Froth flotation involves running the rock through mechanical crushers until it’s broken down into a heap of mixed-mineral granules. You dump that mix in a tank, add water to turn it into a milky slurry, and stir well. Next, add reagents--chemicals that bind to the mica grains and make them hydrophobic, meaning they don’t want to touch water. Now pipe a column of air bubbles through the slurry. Terrified of the water surrounding them, the mica grains will frantically grab hold of the air bubbles and be carried up to the top of the tank, forming a froth on the water’s surface. A paddle wheel skims off the froth and shunts it into another tank, where the water is drained out. Voilà: mica.

The remaining feldspar, quartz, and iron are drained from the bottom of the tank and funneled through a series of troughs into the next tank, where a similar process is performed to float out the iron. Repeat, more or less, to remove the feldspar.

IT WAS THE feldspar, which is used in glassmaking, that first attracted engineers from the Corning Glass Company to the area. At the time, the leftover quartz grains were still seen as just unwanted by-products. But the Corning engineers, always on the lookout for quality material to put to work in the glass factories, noticed the purity of the quartz and started buying it as well, hauling it north by rail to Corning’s facility in Ithaca, New York, where it was turned into everything from windows to bottles.

One of Spruce Pine quartz’s greatest achievements in the glass world came in the 1930s, when Corning won a contract to manufacture the mirror for what was to be the world’s biggest telescope, ordered by the Palomar Observatory in Southern California. Making the 200-inch, 20-ton mirror involved melting mountains of quartz in a giant furnace heated to 2,700 degrees Fahrenheit, writes David O. Woodbury in The Glass Giant of Palomar.

Once the furnace was hot enough, “three crews of men, working day and night around the clock, began ramming in the sand and chemicals through a door at one end. So slowly did the ingredients melt that only four tons a day could be added. Little by little the fiery pool spread over the bottom of the furnace and rose gradually to an incandescent lake 50 feet long and 15 wide.” The telescope was installed in the observatory in 1947. Its unprecedented power led to important discoveries about the composition of stars and the size of the universe itself. It is still in use today.

Significant as that telescope was, Spruce Pine quartz was soon to take on a far more important role as the digital age began to dawn.

In the mid-1950s, thousands of miles from North Carolina, a group of engineers in California began working on an invention that would become the foundation of the computer industry. William Shockley, a pathbreaking engineer at Bell Labs who had helped invent the transistor, had left to set up his own company in Mountain View, California, a sleepy town about an hour south of San Francisco, near where he had grown up. Stanford University was nearby, and General Electric and IBM had facilities in the area, as well as a new company called Hewlett-Packard. But the area known at the time as the Santa Clara Valley was still mostly filled with apricot, pear, and plum orchards. It would soon become much better known by a new nickname: Silicon Valley.

At the time, the transistor market was heating up fast. Texas Instruments, Motorola, and other companies were all competing to come up with smaller, more efficient transistors to use in, among other products, computers. The first American computer, dubbed ENIAC, was developed by the army during World War II; it was 100 feet long and 10 feet high, and it ran on 18,000 vacuum tubes.

Transistors, which are tiny electronic switches that control the flow of electricity, offered a way to replace those tubes and make these new machines even more powerful while shrinking their tumid footprint. Semiconductors--a small class of elements, including germanium and silicon, which conduct electricity at certain temperatures while blocking it at others--looked like promising materials for making those transistors.

At Shockley’s startup, a flock of young PhDs began each morning by firing up kilns to thousands of degrees and melting down germanium and silicon. Tom Wolfe once described the scene in Esquire magazine: “They wore white lab coats, goggles, and work gloves. When they opened the kiln doors weird streaks of orange and white light went across their faces . . . they lowered a small mechanical column into the goo so that crystals formed on the bottom of the column, and they pulled the crystal out and tried to get a grip on it with tweezers, and put it under microscopes and cut it with diamond cutters, among other things, into minute slices, wafers, chips; there were no names in electronics for these tiny forms.”

Shockley became convinced that silicon was the more promising material and shifted his focus accordingly. “Since he already had the first and most famous semiconductor research and manufacturing company, everyone who had been working with germanium stopped and switched to silicon,” writes Joel Shurkin in his biography of Shockley, Broken Genius. “Indeed, without his decision, we would speak of Germanium Valley.”

Shockley was a genius, but by all accounts he was also a lousy boss. Within a couple of years, several of his most talented engineers had jumped ship to start their own company, which they dubbed Fairchild Semiconductor. One of them was Robert Noyce, a laid-back but brilliant engineer, only in his mid-20s but already famous for his expertise with transistors.

The breakthrough came in 1959, when Noyce and his colleagues figured out a way to cram several transistors onto a single fingernail-sized sliver of high-purity silicon. At almost the same time, Texas Instruments developed a similar gadget made from germanium. Noyce’s, though, was more efficient, and it soon dominated the market. NASA selected Fairchild’s microchip for use in the space program, and sales soon shot from almost nothing to $130 million a year. In 1968, Noyce left to found his own company. He called it Intel, and it soon dominated the nascent industry of programmable computer chips.

Intel’s first commercial chip, released in 1971, contained 2,250 transistors. Today’s computer chips are often packed with transistors numbering in the billions. Those tiny electronic squares and rectangles are the brains that run our computers, the Internet, and the entire digital world. Google, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, the computer systems that underpin the work of everything from the Pentagon to your local bank--all of this and much more is based on sand, remade as silicon chips.

Making those chips is a fiendishly complicated process. They require essentially pure silicon. The slightest impurity can throw their tiny systems out of whack.

Finding silicon is easy. It’s one of the most abundant elements on Earth. It shows up practically everywhere bound together with oxygen to form SiO2, aka quartz. The problem is that it never occurs naturally in pure, elemental form. Separating out the silicon takes considerable doing.

Step one is to take high-purity silica sand, the kind used for glass. (Lump quartz is also sometimes used.) That quartz is then blasted in a powerful electric furnace, creating a chemical reaction that separates out much of the oxygen. That leaves you with what is called silicon metal, which is about 99 percent pure silicon. But that’s not nearly good enough for high-tech uses. Silicon for solar panels has to be 99.999999 percent pure--six 9s after the decimal. Computer chips are even more demanding. Their silicon needs to be 99.99999999999 percent pure--eleven 9s. “We are talking of one lonely atom of something that is not silicon among billions of silicon companions,” writes geologist Michael Welland in Sand: The Never-Ending Story.

Getting there requires treating the silicon metal with a series of complex chemical processes. The first round of these converts the silicon metal into two compounds. One is silicon tetrachloride, which is the primary ingredient used to make the glass cores of optical fibers. The other is trichlorosilane, which is treated further to become polysilicon, an extremely pure form of silicon that will go on to become the key ingredient in solar cells and computer chips.

Each of these steps might be carried out by more than one company, and the price of the material rises sharply at each step. That first-step, 99 percent pure silicon metal goes for about $1 a pound; polysilicon can cost 10 times as much.

The next step is to melt down the polysilicon. But you can’t just throw this exquisitely refined material in a cook pot. If the molten silicon comes into contact with even the tiniest amount of the wrong substance, it causes a ruinous chemical reaction. You need crucibles made from the one substance that has both the strength to withstand the heat required to melt polysilicon, and a molecular composition that won’t infect it. That substance is pure quartz.

THIS IS WHERE Spruce Pine quartz comes in. It’s the world’s primary source of the raw material needed to make the fused-quartz crucibles in which computer-chip-grade polysilicon is melted. A fire in 2008 at one of the main quartz facilities in Spruce Pine for a time all but shut off the supply of high-purity quartz to the world market, sending shivers through the industry.

Today one company dominates production of Spruce Pine quartz. Unimin, an outfit founded in 1970, has gradually bought up Spruce Pine area mines and bought out competitors, until today the company’s North Carolina quartz operations supply most of the world’s high- and ultra-high-purity quartz. (Unimin itself is now a division of a Belgian mining conglomerate, Sibelco.)

In recent years, another company, the imaginatively titled Quartz Corp, has managed to grab a small share of the Spruce Pine market. There are a very few other places around the world producing high-purity quartz, and many other places where companies are looking hard for more. But Unimin controls the bulk of the trade.

The quartz for the crucibles, like the silicon they will produce, needs to be almost absolutely pure, purged as thoroughly as possible of other elements. Spruce Pine quartz is highly pure to begin with, and purer still after being put through several rounds of froth flotation. But some of the grains may still have what Glover calls interstitial crystalline contamination--molecules of other minerals attached to the quartz molecules.

That’s frustratingly common. “I’ve evaluated thousands of quartz samples from all over the world,” says John Schlanz, chief minerals processing engineer at the Minerals Research Laboratory in Asheville, about an hour from Spruce Pine. “Near all of them have contaminate locked in the quartz grains that you can’t get out.”

Some Spruce Pine quartz is flawed in this way. Those grains are used for high-end beach sand and golf course bunkers--most famously the salt-white traps of Augusta National Golf Club, site of the iconic Masters Tournament. A golf course in the oil-drunk United Arab Emirates imported 4,000 tons of this sand in 2008 to make sure its sand traps were world-class, too.

The very best Spruce Pine quartz, however, has an open crystalline structure, which means that hydrofluoric acid can be injected right into the crystal molecules to dissolve any lingering traces of feldspar or iron, taking the purity up another notch. Technicians take it one step further by reacting the quartz with chlorine or hydrochloric acid at high temperatures, then putting it through one or two more trade-secret steps of physical and chemical processing.

The result is what Unimin markets as Iota quartz, the industry standard of purity. The basic Iota quartz is 99.998 percent pure SiO2. It is used to make things like halogen lamps and photovoltaic cells, but it’s not good enough to make those crucibles in which polysilicon is melted. For that you need Iota 6, or the tip-top of the line, Iota 8, which clocks in at 99.9992 percent purity--meaning for every one billion molecules of SiO , there are only 80 molecules of impurities. Iota 8 sells for up to $10,000 a ton. Regular construction sand, at the other end of the sand scale, can be had for a few dollars per ton.

At his house, Glover shows me some Iota under a microscope. Seen through the instrument’s lens (itself made from a much less pure quartz sand), the jagged little shards are as clear as glass and bright as diamonds.

Unimin sells this ultra-high-purity quartz sand to companies like General Electric, which melts it, spins it, and fuses it into what looks like a salad bowl made of milky glass: the crucible. “It’s safe to say the vast majority of those crucibles are made from Spruce Pine quartz,” Schlanz says.

The polysilicon is placed in those quartz crucibles, melted down, and set spinning. Then a silicon seed crystal about the size of a pencil is lowered into it, spinning in the opposite direction. The seed crystal is slowly withdrawn, pulling behind it what is now a single giant silicon crystal. These dark, shiny crystals, weighing about 220 pounds, are called ingots.

The ingots are sliced into thin wafers. Some are sold to solar cell manufacturers. Ingots of the highest purity are polished to mirror smoothness and sold to a chipmaker like Intel. It’s a thriving multi-billion dollar industry in 2012.

The chipmaker imprints patterns of transistors on the wafer using a process called photolithography. Copper is implanted to link those billions of transistors to form integrated circuits. Even a minute particle of dust can ruin the chip’s intricate circuitry, so all of this happens in what’s called a clean room, where purifiers keep the air thousands of times cleaner than a hospital operating room. Technicians dress in an all-covering white uniform affectionately known as a bunny suit. To ensure the wafers don’t get contaminated during manufacture, many of the tools used to move and manipulate them are, like the crucibles, made from high-purity quartz.

The wafers are then cut into tiny, unbelievably thin quadrangular chips--computer chips, the brains inside your mobile phone or laptop. The whole process requires hundreds of precise, carefully controlled steps. The chip that results is easily one of the most complicated man-made objects on Earth, yet made with the most common stuff on Earth: humble sand.

The total amount of high-purity quartz produced worldwide each year is estimated at 30,000 tons--less than the amount of construction sand produced in the United States every hour. (And even construction sand is in high demand; there’s a thriving black market in the stuff.) Only Unimin knows exactly how much Spruce Pine quartz is produced, because it doesn’t publish any production figures. It is an organization famously big on secrecy. “Spruce Pine used to be mom-and-pop operations,” Schlanz says. “When I first worked up there, you could just walk into any of the operations. You could just go across the street and borrow a piece of equipment.”

NOWADAYS UNIMIN WON’T even allow staff of the Minerals Research Laboratory inside the mines or processing facilities. Contractors brought in to do repair work have to sign confidentiality agreements. Whenever possible, vice-president Richard Zielke recently declared in court papers, the company splits up the work among different contractors so that no individual can learn too much.

Unimin buys equipment and parts from multiple vendors for the same reason. Glover has heard of contractors being blindfolded inside the processing plants until they arrive at the specific area where their jobs are and of an employee who was fired on the spot for bringing someone in without authorization. He says the company doesn’t even allow its employees to socialize with those of their competitors.

It was hard to check out Glover’s stories, because Unimin wouldn’t talk to me. Unlike most big corporations, its website lists no contact for a press spokesperson or public relations representative. Several emails to their general inquiries address went unanswered. When I called the company’s headquarters in Connecticut, the woman who answered the phone seemed mystified by the concept of a journalist wanting to ask questions.

She put me on hold for a few minutes, then came back to tell me the company has no PR department, but that if I faxed (faxed!) her my questions, someone might get back to me. Eventually I got in touch with a Unimin executive who asked me to send her my questions by email. I did so. The response: “Unfortunately, we are not in a position to provide answers at this point in time.”

So I tried the direct approach. Like all the quartz mining and processing facilities in the area, Unimin’s Schoolhouse Quartz Plant, set in a valley amid low, thickly treed hills, is surrounded by a barbed-wire-topped fence. Security isn’t exactly at the level of Fort Knox, but the message is clear.

One Saturday morning I go to take a look at the plant with David Biddix. We park across the street from the gate. A sign warns that the area is under video surveillance, and that neither guns nor tobacco are allowed inside. As soon as I hop out to snap a few photos, a matronly woman in a security guard uniform popped out of the gatehouse. “Watcha doin’?” she asks conversationally. I give her my friendliest smile and tell her I am a journalist writing a book about sand, including about the importance of the quartz sand in this very facility. She takes that all in skeptically, and asks me to call Unimin’s local office the following Monday to get permission.

“Sure, I’ll do that,” I say. “I just want to take a look, as long as I’m here.” “Well, please don’t take pictures,” she says. There isn’t much to see--some piles of white sand, a bunch of metal tanks, a redbrick building near the gate--so I agree. She lumbers back inside. I put away my camera and pull out my notebook. That brings her right back out.

“You don’t look like a terrorist”--she laughs apologetically--”but these days you never know. I’m asking you to leave before I get grumpy.”

“I understand,” I say. “I just want to take a few notes. And anyway, this is a public road. I have the right to be here.”

That really displeased her. “I’m doing my job,” she snaps. “I’m doing mine,” I reply.

“All right, I’m taking notes, too,” she declares. “And if anything happens . . .” Leaving the consequences unspecified, she strides over to my rental car and officiously writes down its license plate number, then asks for the name of “my companion” in the passenger seat. I don’t want to get Biddix in any trouble, so I politely decline, hop in, and drive off.

IF YOU REALLY want a sense of how zealously Unimin guards its trade secrets, ask Tom Gallo. He used to work for the company, and then for years had his life ruined by it.

Gallo is a small, lean man in his 50s, originally from New Jersey. He relocated to North Carolina when he was hired by Unimin in 1997. His first day on the job, he was handed a confidentiality agreement; he was surprised at how restrictive it was and didn’t think it was fair. But there he was, way out in Spruce Pine, with all his possessions in a moving truck, his life in New Jersey already left behind. So he signed it.

Gallo worked for Unimin in Spruce Pine for 12 years. When he left, he signed a noncompete agreement that forbade him from working for any of the company’s competitors in the high-purity quartz business for five years. He and his wife moved to Asheville and started up an artisanal pizza business, which they dubbed Gallolea--his last name plus that of a friend who had encouraged him.

It was a rough go. The pizza business was never a big money-maker, and it was soon hit with a lawsuit over its name from the E. & J. Gallo Winery. Gallo spent thousands of dollars fighting the suit--it’s his name, after all--but eventually decided the prudent course would be to give up and change the company’s name. The five-year noncompete term had run out by then, so when a small startup quartz company, I-Minerals, called to offer Gallo a consulting gig, he gladly accepted. I-Minerals put out a press release bragging about the hire and touting Gallo’s expertise.

That turned to be a big mistake. Unimin promptly filed a lawsuit against Gallo and I-Minerals, accusing them of trying to steal Unimin’s secrets. “There was no call, no cease-and-desist order, no investigation,” Gallo says. “They filed a 150-page brief against me on the basis of a press release.”

Over the next several years, Gallo spent tens of thousands of dollars fighting the suit. “That’s how billion-dollar corporations terrify people,” he says. “I had to take money out of my 401(k) to defend myself against this totally baseless lawsuit. We were afraid we would lose our house. It was terrifying. You can’t imagine how many sleepless nights my wife and I have had.” His pizza business collapsed. “When Unimin filed suit, we had just gotten over the Gallo thing. It was the sledgehammer that broke the camel’s back. We’d worked on it for five years. It was more than we could handle emotionally, psychologically, and financially.”

Unimin eventually lost the case, appealed it to federal court, and finally dropped it. I-Minerals and Gallo separately countersued Unimin, calling its suit an abuse of the judicial process aimed at harassing a potential competitor. Unimin eventually agreed to pay an undisclosed sum to have the suits withdrawn. Under the terms of the settlement, Gallo can’t disclose the details, but says bitterly, “When you get sued by a big corporation, you lose no matter what.”

For all the wealth that comes out of the ground in the Spruce Pine area, not much of it stays there. Today the mines are all owned by foreign corporations. They’re highly automated, so they don’t need many workers. “Now there’s maybe 25 or 30 people on a shift, instead of 300,” Biddix says. The area’s other jobs are vanishing. “We had seven furniture factories here when I was a kid,” he says. “We had knitting mills making blue jeans and nylons. They’re all gone.”

Median household income in Mitchell County, where Spruce Pine sits, is just over $37,000, far below the national average of $51,579. Twenty percent of the county’s 15,000 people, almost all of whom are white, live below the poverty line. Fewer than one in seven adults has a college degree.

People find ways to get by. Glover has a side business growing Christmas trees on his property. Biddix makes his living running the website of a nearby community college.

One of the few new sources of jobs are several huge data processing centers that have opened up in the area. Attracted by the cheap land, Google, Apple, Microsoft, and other tech companies have all opened up server farms within an hour’s drive of Spruce Pine.

In a sense, Spruce Pine’s quartz has come full circle. “When you talk to Siri, you’re talking to a building here at the Apple center,” Biddix says.

I pull out my iPhone and ask Siri if she knows where her silicon brains came from.

“Who, me?” she replies the first time. I try again.

“I’ve never really thought about it,” she says.

From THE WORLD IN A GRAIN by Vince Beiser. Published by arrangement with Riverhead Books, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC. Copyright © 2018 by Vince Beiser.

#Spruce Pine NC #natural quartz #silica #silicon #Vince Beiser #Unimin

2 notes · View notes

mdwatchestv · 6 years

Text

Westworld 2x02: I Am Never Learning Character Names

Wow I don’t know about you, but I was surprised by how many of my questions from episode one were addressed! Kind of refreshing how forthcoming this season is with explanation and backstory, I have a clear picture of what to expect from this show moving forward!

Jk lol I have no idea what the fuck is going on. Not only do we have zero answers, but we have at least one (possibly two) additional timelines to contend with. I don’t know if it was intensely noticeable but most of my show recaps I just wing from memory, if I don’t remember it, might as well not have happened. Not so here my friends! I have written detailed notes. God this show is so impenetrable, maybe if I just make this whole blog an introduction no one will notice.

Okay so this episode starts with Dolores breaching the Westworld control center immediately (?) after the massacre that ended last season. Westworld workers don’t believe a panicked guest that they are under attack, causing one to yell out towards the commotion in the hall “Hey, is there some kind of trouble out there?” Out of all the things that have happened on Westword, that line of dialogue was honestly the most egregious. I can’t let it go. Anyway there is trouble out there, and it’s Dolores coming to kill everyone. With her is poor Teddy who is finally seeing behind the curtain and he is SHOOK UP. Teddy is not ready for this jelly, for any jelly (more on this later). Dolores tells the guest who questions her ability to take over the “real”, world that she is more than suited to lay waste to “our” world because she remembers it, she’s seen it before. Or has she?

Cue another timeline. In this flashback, we see Arnold (human Arnold) talking to Dolores in an ultra modern Hong Kong-ish city. Have you ever seen anything so full of splendor? Arnold argues with a much younger Ford that Dolores isn’t ready for something (we will soon see what that is). Arnold then takes Dolores across the city to see the foundations of a home he is intending to build for his family to be “closer to work”. Later in this same timeline, or at least this same world, we see our old friends Ben Barnes and Jimmi Simpson pre their own Westworld experience. Ben Barnes, son of the head of Delos, is being courted by the Argos Initiative (another corporate name to learn) whose representatives are Zahn McClarnon (from Fargo! and pretty obviously a host) and Talulah Riley (known host).

I’d like to pause my recap here to call out my absolute favorite thing about Westworld, and that is its music. To me nothing better encapsulates the thematic soul of the show than Ramin Djawadi’s beautiful re-workings of pop songs. They are both familiar, and strange, both closely nostalgic and tantalizingly out of reach. What a purely delightful moment to realize season one’s bank heist was set to a swelling orchestral Paint It Black. What better way to underscore a series about a world like our own, but not quite; people who are like us, but not really. This is all to say that when that first high C note rang out during this scene it was immediately transporting, like an audible firework. The artist of that particular piece is not having the best time saying... ideas at the moment.... but this instrumental cover of Runaway was absolutely gorgeous and I loved it! It’s on Spotify if you want to relive in your car.

Okay back to Ben Barnes. Zahn and Talulah take Ben to a room filled with guests, telling him this is his private demonstration of their tech, and his job is to spot the “robot” in the group. As we’ve already guessed, there is not one host, but rather everyone in the room, including Talulah and Zahn, are hosts. We noticeably see the ill-fated Clementine at the piano, and Jonathan Tucker (!!) amongst the crowd. Ben Barnes is floored, and Delos’ interest in the business is fatefully sealed. The deal is christened by Ben Barnes sleeping with Talulah (and others), and we see what it really was Arnold was protecting Dolores from.

Theory alert: This timeline is presented to us as being in the ‘real’ world, we see a glittering city, and presumably this is what current-day Dolores is referring to when she says that she has seen “our” world. My theory is that this is NOT actually “our” world but rather another park, or discreet Argos Initiative bunker/illusion/subspace. For one thing the city, although massive, has no recognizable landmarks, and is clearly not meant to be recognized. For another we know that Jimmi Simpson and Ben Barnes were explicitly invited for a demonstration, whether that was to the club they were hanging out at, or a larger space is not made clear. Argos has also brought a great number of their highly-profitable and (up until that part) confidential tech to this space, which would be risky to transport. Arnold also describes the city as eventually not looking like anything, which feels very close to the wording “it doesn’t look like anything to me.” The explanation he has of building his house “closer to work” also felt a bit cryptic. Also later in the episode when we see the palm tree laden Delos estate, there is a very similar looking city across a body water. Feels suspish!

ALTERNATIVELY the city also feels a bit futuristic, and the fact that it’s unidentifiable could mean that Westworld is taking place in a future time period OR a radically different “real” world than ours. Ben Barnes comments that “we aren’t here yet” with tech, which feels like he is living in a world similar to ours. But we haven’t had any experience with the world outside Westworld and of course assumed it was like ours, but what if it’s not????

Also while we are wiggling around in the past let’s hit up the throwback scene where Jimmi Simpson (now jaded and on his way to blackhatdom) pitches Westworld to his father-in-law, the supremely enjoyable Peter Mullan. Jimmi Simpson claims that Westorld is more than just a diversion, but rather a way to delve people’s darkest desires, to see what it is they really want. This scene raises the question - what is it that Delos wants? Is there interest in the park purely for market research, or is there something more nefarious? There are all sorts of ways that learning about wealthy people’s secrets could be profitable after all. The question of what it is that Delos wants is also amplified by the fact that we know in present day they are after the Westworld park code, so is there an even larger design at work? We are also treated to a flashback to Peter Mullan’s retirement slash Jimmi Simpson’s ascension party. There a piano-playing Dolores runs into a sloshed Ben Barnes, who is horrified and disgusted by whatever it is that Delos has planned for Westworld. If we know anything about our friend Mr. Barnes from his time in the park, his morals are more than a little loose- so to see his contempt for whatever it is that’s happening should be more than a little alarming.

Back in our more present day with BAMF Dolores, she learns from torturing an employee that Delos has sent an army of people after her and the other host rebels. So what does Dolores need? A bigger army. She sets off into the park to recruit hosts where she runs into Maeve and co on their own mission. Dolores tries to recruit Maeve, but Maeve says revenge is just another construct (which is weird because I thought she said all she wanted was revenge literally in the last episode but whatever) and thinks that Dolores’ bloody quest is worthless. This was in an interesting interaction and illustrated how these two hosts are responding differently to their “independence” (if either of them is really even acting independently). Dolores is seeking revenge and retribution against perceived wrong doing, while Maeve is using her consciousness to pursue her own desires. Which is the expression of true freedom, which is the more righteous path? These are the questions of Westworld.

The army Dolores has in mind are the Confederados of Westworld who are led by none other than our very own Jonathan Tucker! Dolores proves her might by shooting them all to death and then reviving their leader (Jonathan Tucker). By pulling back the veil of their perceived reality she proves herself to be the real deal and gains their allegiance. Teddy continues to be shooketh. In this episode especially we see that Teddy is really not Getting With The Program, which could be even more reason why Dolores perceives him as not able to go on to take over the “real” world aka drown-worthy. Dolores wants to take her army to a weapon she knows about at the edge the park (again the valley beyond). How does she know about the weapon? Because once again a man woke her up to monologue to her. Guys, you have GOT to stop doing this. This time the man was Jimmi Simpson, who I think mostly just wanted to see her naked, and also drop some exposition.

Speaking of Jimmi Simpson, his older iteration Ed Harris (The Man in Black) reunites with his lackey Clifton Collins, Jr. in the “present”, or sometime in the post-massacre park. He too is looking to recruit an army, and goes in search of El Lazo’s band of criminals (keep in mind Clifton Collins, Jr in some storylines was also El Lazo). There we are surprised to see the leader of this crew (the new El Lazo) is none other than Giancarlo Esposito! Giancarlo refuses to aid The Man in Black, instead he delivers a monologue about elephants. This little speech is about questioning ones own reality, but whether this is an instruction for The Man in Black (who is in a prison of his own making), or a warning about the hosts in the park (who have now pulled up their stakes) remains to be seen. He then tells The Man in Black this is a game he must play on his own, before he and all his men commit suicide. Chilling! This is all part of the game Ford has left for the Man in Black, clearly part of the end game is forcing The Man in Black to confront something solo. The Man in Black, like Dolores, is also seeking the thing he created years ago, something he says he never should have done, at the edge of the park So what is it?? Dolores thinks its a weapon, but I don’t think it’s quite so literal, maybe it’s more of an insurance policy? Could it be the a dam or water reserve that winds up flooding the park and killing most of the hosts? My brain is tired.

Questions:

What is it that Jimmi Simpson made and left in the park?

What are Delos’ true intentions with Westworld?

What or where is the city that we saw?

What is the geography of the parks? Are they all close together, or perhaps world over? Can one hop to the next?

What is Ford’s game for The Man in Black?

Did Dolores kill Teddy (i say yes)?

Are Maeve and Dolores really operating under their own free will? Or are they still playing out a narrative?

When will will this blog be over?

I can answer the last one, it’s now!

XO MD

#martha writes #westworld #westworld gifs #westworld spoilers #westworld recap #westworld theories #tv recaps #tv writing #tv reviews

10 notes · View notes

digitalconvo · 3 years

Text

Nafion Market Size, Share Production & Consumption Analysis With Forecast To 2028

Nafion Market: Snapshot

Nafion is a sophisticated name for sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer. It was first discovered by Walter Grot of DuPont back in the 1960s. Nafion is a first synthetic polymer that possesses ionic properties that are known as ionomers. Nafion has unique ionic features because of the incorporation of perfluorovinyl ether groups with terminated sulfonate groups onto a PTFE backbone. Nafion can also act as a cation exchange polymer with superior mechanical strength, chemical, and thermal stabilities. It shows stability at temperatures as high as 190° C.

Get Brochure of the Report @https://www.tmrresearch.com/sample/sample?flag=B&rep_id=4455

Some of the key driving factors for the growth of the global Nafion market are listed below:

Increasing end-user applications: There has been a considerable rise in the demand for organic polymers, including Nafion in various end-use industries. Some of the applications are ion exchange resin, waste recovery, and semiconductors among others. Additionally, the use of fuel cells for numerous applications such as transportation, stationary power, and direct or portable methanol fuel cell among others is on the rise. Moreover, collaboration among the manufacturers of fuel cells and electric vehicles is projected to drive the growth of the nafion market over the course of the given forecast period of 2018 to 2028.

Increased investments and funding: Due to growing pollution across different sectors, there has been a considerable increase in investments and funding offered by the regulatory bodies. This is especially prominent in the water recovery domain and is projected to lend a massive helping hand for the growth of the global Nafion market in the near future.

While the first-ever innovation of Nafion membrane and dispersions (by DuPont) was recorded in Gemini space missions (NASA), the Chemours Company continues to fuel Nafion research and innovation to achieve development of sufficient and cost-efficient clean energy solutions.

Leading Players in Nafion Market Augmenting Investments in Collaborative Research

The Chemours Company’s focus on R&D of next-gen Nafion membranes is significantly contributing to the global Nafion market. The company recently introduced Nafion XL (extended-life) Membrane for applications such as power backup and transportation. The extended-life reinforced in this Nafion membrane enables it to demonstrate 20x endurance in terms of humidity cycling and load.

Apart from DowDuPont and The Chemours Company, the study covers profiles of some other prominent companies involved in manufacturing and supply of Nafion and Nafion membranes for a variety of applications.

To get Incredible Discounts on this Premium Report, Click Here @ https://www.tmrresearch.com/sample/sample?flag=D&rep_id=4455

Some of the most prominent competitors operating in the competitive landscape of global nafion market include –

Solvay S.A.

Dongyue Group

Asahi Chemicals Co. Ltd.

Perma Pure LLC

AGC Chemicals Americas, Inc.

Jiangsu Tianjiayi Chemical Co., Ltd.

A majority of key players in Nafion market are maintaining their strategic focus on increasing R&D investments and collaborative research efforts targeted to the discovery of novel Nafion structures leading to innovation applicability of Nafion membranes. Companies are eyeing an extended Nafion membrane portfolio catering to a diverse application demand.

Nafion Membrane Remains a Premier Solution across Diverse Industries

The first-ever synthetic polymer developed (at DuPont) by chemically modifying Teflon (in the latter half of 1960’s) is widely referred to as Nafion, and explores diverse applicability owing to its unique ionic peculiarities. Leading the entire class of ionomers, Nafion is a strong combination of chemical and physical properties of the parent/base material Teflon. A thin Nafion such as solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membrane has been in use for the fuel cells involved in weight-sensitive aerospace applications.

For the chlor-alkali industry, Nafion has been a preferred choice of material over the decades, attributed to superior performance and endurance over other conventional counterparts in the industry. More recently, Nafion market is witnessing considerable growth in revenue, attributed to growing applications of Nafion membrane in fuel cell, hydrogen production, energy storage, acid catalysis, recovery of waste, and production of bulk, specialty, fine, and ultra-high purity chemicals.

Extensively used for proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, Nafion has been among the most popularly sought after synthetic PEM membranes across the specialty chemicals landscape. High commercial availability of Nafion membrane is cited as an important factor pushing the growth of Nafion market worldwide.

Nafion is highly efficient when it comes to gas humidification applications, compared to other conventional means used for gas drying – such as desiccant dryer, condenser, and permeation dryer. This selective functional excellence of Nafion over most of the traditional gas dryers makes it a highly favored choice of materials in gas drying applications, especially in laboratory, industrial, and medical industries.

Successfully Garnering Research Interests, Nafion Market Continues to Expand

Attributed to the highly disordered, random, and complex-to-comprehend chemical structure, Nafion remains one of the most challenging research fields. This is projected to be the key factor holding research interests, thrilling scientists to understand more about it in coming years. Increasing research on Nafion membrane functionalities has thus been a significant factor driving revenue to the Nafion market.

A collaborative research study involving Australian and Russian research fellows has recently revealed that the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells tends to drop down in presence of a Nafion membrane that serves separation of cathode and anode in the fuel cell. According to research so far, the Nafion membrane tends to swell when interacts with water that has a specific deuterium content, and in turn results in partial unwinding of its constituent fibers. While these fibers further protrude away from the surface and interact with the bulk water, they phase for several microns. The research team is currently taking efforts on the structural optimization of Nafion membrane in such cases. Moreover, their next research focus is claimed to be on the alternation of electrical properties of Nafion membrane. Such innovations are projected to remain instrumental to expansion of Nafion market growth.

Global Nafion Market Taxonomy

The global Nafion market is segmented on the basis of type, application, and region.

Based on the type, the key segments of Nafion market include –

Resin

Dispersions

Membrane

By application, Nafion market is categorized into –

Coatings

Chemical Processing

Analytics & Instrumentation

Energy

Metal plating

Architectural paint

Semiconductor

Catalyst

Ion exchange

Chlor-alkali

Waste recovery

Drying & humidification

Fuel cell

Hydrogen production

Energy storage

Request For TOC @ https://www.tmrresearch.com/sample/sample?flag=T&rep_id=4455

About TMR Research:

TMR Research is a premier provider of customized market research and consulting services to business entities keen on succeeding in today’s supercharged economic climate. Armed with an experienced, dedicated, and dynamic team of analysts, we are redefining the way our clients’ conduct business by providing them with authoritative and trusted research studies in tune with the latest methodologies and market trends.

0 notes

shruticmi-universe · 3 years

Text

PRINTING INK ADDITIVES MARKET ANALYSIS

Printing Ink Additives Market - Size, Share, Trends, and Forecast 2019 – 2027

Printing ink has applications in various industries including textile, print media, packaging, catalogs, and brochures. Special additives are added to this printing ink, depending upon the requirement of applications, which enhances its performance. These additives help to maintain several characteristics of the ink such as softening point, pH, viscosity, and cloud point. Printing additives include emulsifiers, defoamers, stabilizers, wetting agents, dispersants, and rheology modifiers. Printing inks can be water-based, oil-based, solvent-based, and radiation cured systems. In this, solvent-based rheology modifiers and dispersants are predominantly used in the market.

Market Outlook

Global printing ink additives market size is projected to expand significantly during the forecast period (2019-2027), rising use of printing ink in various industries. Printing ink additives have high demand from packaging industry. High-quality printing enhances the aesthetics of packaging, which is boosting the demand for printing ink additives and subsequently driving the market growth. Furthermore, increasing demand from printing industry is expected to drive the market growth. Digital printing has gained traction around the world in the recent past, owing to superior finishing and aesthetic appearance. Demand for digital printing is expected to increase, which will increase the demand for printing ink additives and hence drive growth of the market during the forecast period. Moreover, water-based printing is expected to offer excellent growth opportunities for market players, owing to lower content of volatile organic contents (VOC) in it.

However, the fluctuating supply of raw materials and stringent environmental regulations by the governmental authorities is expected to hinder the global printing ink additives market during the forecast period.

Market Regional Analysis

Asia Pacific is estimated to gain the largest market share in the global printing ink additives market during the forecast period. This is owing to increasing demand for printing ink additives from commercial printing and packaging industries in emerging economies such as Japan and China. Moreover, other emerging economies such as South Korea and India are expected to post excellent growth opportunities for the market in the region. Furthermore, Europe is expected to follow Asia Pacific in terms of market growth, owing to increasing demand for printing ink additives from digital printing markets. The countries such as Germany, France, and the U.K. are the leading contributors. Moreover, North America is projected to gain the third highest market share, due to increasing demand for printing ink additives from developed countries such as the U.S.

Request the sample copy here:

https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-sample/2875

Request the pdf brochure here:

https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-pdf/2875

Market Players

Key players operating in the global printing ink additives market include MÜNZING Micro Technologies GmbH, BASF SE, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Clariant AG, and Honeywell International Inc.

Key Developments

Leading players operating in the market are adopting various strategies such as mergers & acquisitions and new product launch in order to maintain their market share in global market. For instance, July 2019, ALTANA, the specialty chemicals group acquired the operating assets of the Paul N. Gardner Company Inc. The acquisition is aimed towards expanding Instruments Business Line of the BYK Division of ALTANA.

In November 2019, The Chemours Company introduced new specialty, low-abrasion grade of Ti-Pure titanium dioxide pigment designed for improving the performance and formulation of printing inks.

In October 2019, BASF launched Dispex Ultra PX 4290, a new high molecular dispersing agent, which offers excellent performance in pigment stabilization. The applications of PX 4290 can be further extended to printing inks and adhesives.

Buy now the market research report here:

https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/buy-now/2875

About Us:

Coherent Market Insights is a global market intelligence and consulting organization focused on assisting our plethora of clients achieve transformational growth by helping them make critical business decisions.

What we provide:

Customized market research service

Industry analysis services

Business consulting services

Market intelligence services

Long term engagement model

Country specific analysis

Explore cmi services here

Mr. shah

Coherent Market Insights Pvt. Ltd.

Address: Coherent Market Insights 1001 4th Ave, #3200 Seattle, WA 98154, U.S.

Phone: +1-206-701-6702

Email: [email protected]

Source: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/ongoing-insight/printing-ink-additives-market-2875

#cmi #marketresearchreports

0 notes

priyankakulkarni24 · 3 years

Text

U.S., Europe, Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific TOC Water Analyzer Market - Growth Trend, Chain Structure by 2027

U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific TOC Water Analyzer Market: Introduction

The U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific TOC water analyzer market was valued at US$ 0.93 Bn in 2019 and is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of ~8% during the forecast period. Among types, the laboratory segment held a dominant share of the U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific TOC water analyzer market in 2019, primarily due to increase in the demand for laboratory TOC water analyzers for use in drinking water treatment plants and power generation facilities. Among end users, the food & beverages segment accounted for a major share of the U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific TOC water analyzer market in 2019. This can be ascribed to lower capital costs of installation and high reliability.

In terms of application, the drinking water segment constituted a significant share of the U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific TOC water analyzer market in 2019, due to stringent government policies and regulations on drinking water. Among components, the hardware segment accounted for a major share of the U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific TOC water analyzer market in 2019, due to high cost of spare parts such as sensors, processing units, and reaction chamber, which are required to build an analyzer. Based on technology, the ultraviolet (UV) oxidation segment constituted a significant share of the U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific TOC water analyzer market in 2019, as ultraviolet (UV) oxidation is the most reliable and low-maintenance technology for TOC analysis of ultra-pure water. The TOC water analyzer market in Asia Pacific is likely to expand at a substantial pace during the forecast period, owing to high investments in industrial development in countries in the region such as China and India.

Request for Report Sample @ https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=S&rep_id=77083

Key Drivers of U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific TOC Water Analyzer Market

A significant amount of water is held in underground rock structures, which are known as aquifers. Aquifers feed domestic rivers and supply much of the drinking water. Aquifers are polluted, especially when weed killers used in farms and gardens drain into the ground and pollute groundwater. Demand for water has increased considerably due to increase in urbanization. Significant amounts of water are utilized and wasted over the time. Agricultural activities are increasing significantly, which calls for more water to be pumped for use. Consequently, an increasing amount of groundwater is getting pumped for agricultural use. Over-pumping of groundwater reduces groundwater levels. Excessive pumping in coastal areas can cause saltwater to move inland and upward, resulting in saltwater contamination of the water supply. Thus, groundwater levels are reducing considerably, thereby leading to depletion.

Deforestation has also caused considerable damage to freshwater sources. Large-scale deforestation, primarily led by industrialization, is lowering the capacity of soil to retain water considerably. This, in turn, has an adverse effect on water table. Recently, significant rise in industrialization and urbanization has led to increase in water pollution, as waste water is directly discharged into a river or lake. All the above-mentioned factors are forcing governments and companies to treat and reuse wastewater. This wastewater needs to be analyzed frequently, before use or discharge. Thus, depletion of freshwater sources is projected to be a key driver of the TOC water analyzer market in the U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific during the forecast period.

Explore Transparency Market Research’S Award-Winning Coverage of the Global Industry @ https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/detergents-market-to-rise-up-to-us-157-billion-by-2027-on-account-of-increasing-demand-from-end-use-application-sectors–transparency-market-research-301007329.html

Asia Pacific to Lead U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific TOC Water Analyzer Market

Asia Pacific dominated the U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific TOC water analyzer market in 2019. Dominance of the region can be ascribed to the significant industrial development in the region. Consequently, the region is anticipated to witness high demand for TOC water analyzers during the forecast period. The market in Asia Pacific is estimated to be highly attractive during the forecast period, as the development of infrastructure related to wastewater treatment is increasing at a rapid pace in the region. China accounted for a leading share of the TOC water analyzer market in Asia Pacific in 2019. This was primarily ascribed to the increased number of manufacturing facilities in the country in 2019. In terms of market share, Europe follows Asia Pacific in the U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific TOC water analyzer market. Government policies regarding treatment of wastewater and clean drinking water supply in the region are anticipated to propel the TOC water analyzer market in Europe during the forecast period.

Major Developments in U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific TOC Water Analyzer Market

In January 2020, METTLER TOLEDO introduced a new water analyzer. This new, portable analyzer offers analysis of oxygen content in water. With this new product, the company is aiming to increase its share in the TOC water analyzer market in the near future.

Request for Covid-19 Impact Analysis @ https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=covid19&rep_id=77083

Competition Landscape of U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific TOC Water Analyzer Market

The TOC water analyzer market in the U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific is led by multinational, national, and local players. Prominent players operating in the TOC water analyzer market in the U.S., Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific are METTLER TOLEDO, SUEZ, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Endress+Hauser Group Services AG, and Hach.

#U.S. Europe Middle East and Africa and Asia Pacific TOC Water Analyzer Market

0 notes

rohit890 · 3 years

Text

Total Carbon Analyzer Market size, historical growth, analysis, opportunities and forecast to 2026

Market Overview

Total organic carbon is the amount of carbon found in an organic compound. It finds applications as an indicator for water quality or cleanliness of pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment. Total carbon analyzer is the device used to find out the percentage of total organic and inorganic carbon in the water. It is predominantly used in manufacturing and pharmaceutical industries. The total organic carbon analysis is conducted in three different stages namely acidification, oxidation, and detection and quantification. TOC analysis facilitates organizations to find out organic carbon in liquid or water and to confirm its purity.

The global total carbon analyzer market is estimated to account for US$ 1,069.4 Mn in terms of value and 48,135 Units in terms of volume by the end of 2019.

Request Sample Copy Of This Business Report: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-sample/3278

Market Dynamics

The microelectronics industry has witnessed significant growth in the recent past. This is owing to increasing demand for electronic products and technical advancements in electronics across the world. This has led to high demand for ultra-pure water in microelectronic manufacturing. Distilled water is extremely important for cleaning while manufacturing of electronic components. Moreover, the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) has set stringent guidelines for water quality requirements on the microelectronics. Thus, to analyze water quality, total carbon analyzer has witnessed significant demand in the recent past.

The pharmaceutical is the major end-use industry of total carbon analyzer, which is used for analyzing water for rejection, purified water, and water as a natural resource for production of different pharmaceutical formulations. Moreover, the global pharmaceutical industry has registered rampant growth over the years, which in turn, is expected to boost the growth of the global total carbon analyzers in the market. According to Coherent Market Insights’ secondary analysis, in 2015, pharmaceutical industry contributed to around 1/3rd of revenue in the global total carbon analyzer market.

Get Request Customization Copy Of This Business Report: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-customization/3278

Key players operating in the global total carbon analyzer market are UIC, Inc., Shimadzu Corporation, ELTRA GmbH, Xylem Inc., Skalar Analytical B.V., Hach Company, Inc., GE Analytical Instruments, Inc., Teledyne Analytical Instruments, Mettler-Toledo International Inc., and Analytik Jena AG.

About Coherent Market Insights:

Coherent Market Insights is a prominent market research and consulting firm offering action-ready syndicated research reports, custom market analysis, consulting services, and competitive analysis through various recommendations related to emerging market trends, technologies, and potential absolute dollar opportunity.

Name: Mr. Raj Shah

Phone: US +12067016702 / UK +4402081334027

Email: [email protected]

Visit Our Blogs: https://blog.coherentmarketinsights.com

0 notes

rishabhcmi · 3 years

Text

TOTAL CARBON ANALYZER MARKET ANALYSIS (2020-2027)

Market Overview

The global total carbon analyzer market is estimated to account for US$ 1,069.4 Mn in terms of value and 48,135 Units in terms of volume by the end of 2019.

Market Dynamics- Drivers

High growth of microelectronics industry is expected to drive growth of the global total carbon analyzer market during the forecast period

Rapidly growing pharmaceutical industry is expected to propel the global total carbon analyzer market growth over the forecast period

Europe region dominated the global total carbon analyzer market in 2018, accounting for 38.5% share in terms of value, followed by Asia Pacific and North America, respectively

Market Dynamics- Restraints

High cost of equipment is expected to restrain growth of the global total carbon analyzer market over the forecast period

Total carbon analyzer is an expensive apparatus, which is not affordable for small enterprises. This, in turn, has impacted its demand, especially in emerging economies. Moreover, small market players from different manufacturing of various products in emerging economies do not afford these high prized equipment. Small market players are in large numbers in emerging economies, which in turn, is expected to hinder the market growth in the near future.

Stringent government policies in certain countries are expected to hamper the global total carbon analyzer market growth during the forecast period

The government regulations in different countries vary significantly. Majority of total carbon analyzers are either industry or government, thus policies and regulations for the purchase of total carbon analyzers by the government play a crucial role in the demand of the analyzer. For instance, in India, the regional market for total carbon analyzer depends upon initiating a revamping of regulatory norms and on timely approvals of procurement by the government for bringing effective persistent quality of products across various industries.

Market Opportunities

Development of cost-effective equipment is expected to offer lucrative growth opportunities for market players

Total carbon analyzer is expensive equipment, especially for small business owners, which makes them challenging to purchase one. Therefore, market players are investing in research and development activities, in order to manufacture cost-effective total carbon analyzer. For instance, in October 2015, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences introduced QbD1200 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Analyzer, which was designed for faster and higher TOC sample analysis throughout for a busy QC laboratory.

Rapid urbanization across the globe is expected to offer significant business opportunities

Rapid industrialization across the world has accelerated urbanization where people are migrating from rural areas to urban areas. High population leads to high waste generation and increasing need for drinking water, which in turn, is expected to offer lucrative growth opportunities for market players in the near future.

Segment Information:

Global total carbon analyzer market was valued US$ 988.3 Mn in 2018 and is forecast to reach a value of US$ 1,989.4 Mn by 2027 at a CAGR of 8.1% between 2019 and 2027. In global total carbon analyzer market, by sample type segment, TC Analyzer for Liquid Sample sub-segment dominated the global total carbon analyzer market in 2018, accounting for 54.8% share in terms of value, followed by TC Analyzer for Solid & Liquid Sample sub-segment.

Market Trends

North America Trends

Increasing product development of total carbon analyzers is a major trend

Increasing product innovation and development has made available total carbon analyzers with advanced features. For instance, total carbon analyzers equipped with pump speed up-gradation manufactured for continuous monitoring of both solid and liquid samples, so as to obtain optimal intermittent analysis by reducing purging time.

Multiple operational points for total carbon analyzer

The total carbon analyzer can be used as analyzer present at different locations by using a novel technology named on-line and real-time data analysis of solid & liquid samples. The trend for on-line and real-time data analysis of samples is expected to continue in North America during the forecast period.

Western Europe Trends

High demand for advanced total carbon analyzers

Total carbon analyzers are used to detect nitrogen, sulfur, and different types of carbons with the help of both solid and liquid samples. Due to this, total carbon analyzers have gained significant demand in Western Europe. Moreover, this demand is more than traditional total carbon analyzers and is expected to continue during the forecast period.

Increasing product innovation in total carbon analyzer

Total carbon analyzers equipped with pump speed up-gradation, on-line and real-time data analysis of samples, and optical technique has witnessed significant demand in Western Europe and is expected to continue during the forecast period.

Request the sample copy of here:

https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-sample/3278

Download the PDF Brochure here:

https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-pdf/3278

Competitive Section

Key Developments

Key players in the market are focused on capacity expansion, in order to gain competitive edge in the market. For instance, in October 2016, Xylem, Inc. launched new manufacturing facility in Dubai, UAE, in order to support customer base across the Middle East and Africa region.

Key companies in the market are involved in mergers and acquisitions, in order to enhance their market presence. For instance, in April 2016, Teledyne Technologies Inc. through its subsidiary Teledyne LeCroy Inc. acquired assets of Quantum Data, Inc.

Buy now the market research report here:

https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/buy-now/3278

About Us:

What we provide:

Customized Market Research Services

Industry Analysis Services

Business Consulting Services

Market Intelligence Services

Long term Engagement Model

Country Specific Analysis

Explore CMI Services here

Mr. Shah

Coherent Market Insights Pvt. Ltd.

Address: 1001 4th ave, #3200 Seattle, WA 98154, U.S.

Phone: +1-206-701-6702

Email: [email protected]

Source:

https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/market-insight/total-carbon-analyzer-market-3278

0 notes

alex121world · 4 years

Text

Total Carbon Analyzer Market Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Types By Players 2018 - 2025

According to a Trends Market Research (TMR) report, the global market for total carbon analyzer is set to expand at 8.1% value CAGR and XX% CAGR in terms of volume between 2018 and 2025. In addition, the market is set to reach US$ XX Million by 2018 end and will surpass US$ XX Million by the end of 2025

This Press Release will help you to understand the Volume, growth with Impacting Trends. Click HERE To get SAMPLE PDF (Including Full TOC, Table & Figures) @ https://www.trendsmarketresearch.com/report/sample/3440

The expansion of the microelectronics industry which attributed to the increasing innovation in technology and rise in demand for electronics products across the globe is resulting in rapid adoption of ultra-pure water for manufacturing high-fidelity microelectronics. Moreover, increasing demand for ultra-pure water from the pharmaceutical industry is also considered as a major factor defining the growth on the market. Total carbon analyzer systems are used in manufacturing product where water is treated as the raw material, in procedures of analyzing purifies water and testing water quality for syringes. Further, stern regulations that guide the mandatory quality standard adherence for processed or manufactured goods across several industrial domains including f&B and healthcare industry is anticipated to positively impact the market growth in during the forecast period. Thus, higher adoption of water analytical systems for testing the water quality and adherence to guidelines for keeping the mandatory quality issued by government authorities in various countries across the globe are major factors expected to drive the global market for total carbon analyzer Vendor News Key players operating in the global market for total carbon analyzer include UIC, Inc., Xylem Inc., Analytik Jena AG, GE Analytical Instruments, Inc., ELTRA GmbH, Shimadzu Corporation, Hach Company, Inc., Mettler-Toledo International Inc., Teledyne Analytical Instruments and Skalar Analytical B.V. By product type, the laboratory segment is expected to reach US$ XX Million by the end of 2025, reflecting a XX% CAGR during the forecast period. While the revenues for on-line segment is expected to cross US$ XX Million with over XX% share of the market over 2025. Based on application, pharmaceuticals is expected to be the leading segment, accounting for over 37% share of the market and increasing at over 8%. The segment is followed by semiconductors which is set to witness a growth rate of XX%, accounting for over XX% share of the market by 2025 end. By end-use, industries is expected to be the leading segment, estimated to reach US$ XX Million by 2025, increasing at XX% CAGR during the forecast period. Based on sample type, the TC for liquid sample segment is set to account for the over XX% share of the market, and is expected to witness growth rate of over XX%.

<<<Get COVID-19 Report Analysis >>> https://www.trendsmarketresearch.com/report/covid-19-analysis/3440

Based on regions, the market in Europe is expected to lead in 2018, accounting for over XX% share of the market. In addition, the region is anticipated to continue its dominance over 2025. While the Middle East and Africa region is expected to witness the highest growth, expanding at over XX% CAGR during the forecast period. Likewise, the market in Asia Pacific and North America are expected to account for healthy share of the market. The Western European nations are heavily investing in manufacturing total carbon analyzer primarily using NDIR method and conductivity method. Moreover, growing industrialization, improved safety regulations over product handling, and expansion of pharmaceutical and microelectronics industry is projected to further support the market growth.

0 notes

shweta2707 · 4 years

Text

Total Carbon Analyzer Market is forecast to reach a value of US$ 1,989.4 Mn by 2027

Summary:

The global Total Carbon Analyzer market is estimated to account for US$ 1,069.4 Mn in terms of value and 48,135 Units in terms of volume by the end of 2019.

Market Drivers

Moreover, the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) has set stringent guidelines for water quality requirements on the microelectronics. Thus, to analyze water quality, total carbon analyzer has witnessed significant demand in the recent past.

Moreover, the global pharmaceutical industry has registered rampant growth over the years, which in turn, is expected to boost the growth of the global total carbon analyzers in the market. According to Coherent Market Insights’ secondary analysis, in 2015, pharmaceutical industry contributed to around 1/3rd of revenue in the global total carbon analyzer market.

Statistics:

Europe region dominated the global Total Carbon Analyzer Market in 2018, accounting for 38.5% share in terms of value, followed by Asia Pacific and North America, respectively

Market Opportunities

Request for the Sample copy @ https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-sample/3278

Segment Information:

Global total carbon analyzer market was valued US$ 988.3 Mn in 2018 and is forecast to reach at a CAGR of 8.1% between 2019 and 2027. In global total carbon analyzer market, by sample type segment, TC Analyzer for Liquid Sample sub-segment dominated the global total carbon analyzer market in 2018, accounting for 54.8% share in terms of value, followed by TC Analyzer for Solid & Liquid Sample sub-segment.

Request for the PDF Brochure @ https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-pdf/3278

Market Trends

North America Trends

Western Europe Trends

Value Chain Analysis

Key players operating in the global Total Carbon Analyzer Market are:

UIC, Inc., Shimadzu Corporation, ELTRA GmbH, Xylem Inc., Skalar Analytical B.V., Hach Company, Inc., GE Analytical Instruments, Inc., Teledyne Analytical Instruments, Mettler-Toledo International Inc., and Analytik Jena AG.

About Us

What we provide:

Customized Market Research Services

Industry Analysis Services

Business Consulting Services

Market Intelligence Services

Long term Engagement Model

Country Specific Analysis

Mr. Shah

Coherent Market Insights Pvt.Ltd.

Address: 1001 4th Ave, #3200 Seattle, WA 98154, U.S.

Phone: +1–206–701–6702

Email: [email protected]

#Total Carbon Analyzer Market #coherent market insights #market analysis #market research #business consulting

0 notes

pkstudiosindia · 4 years

Text

Global Ultra Pure Water Instrument Market Growth Analysis, Forecasts to 2025 : Merck Millipore, Agilent, Shimadzu, Thermo Fisher Scientific – Breaking News Updates

Global Ultra Pure Water Instrument Market Growth Analysis, Forecasts to 2025 : Merck Millipore, Agilent, Shimadzu, Thermo Fisher Scientific – Breaking News Updates Trending Now:waterfilterindia.com Products on more than 50% Discount Price offer:Get yours from https://waterfilterindia.com Exclusive Offer Ending Soon.......Learn more from This Link https://waterfilterindia.com/global-ultra-pure-water-instrument-market-growth-analysis-forecasts-to-2025-merck-millipore-agilent-shimadzu-thermo-fisher-scientific-breaking-news-updates/ Trending Now: WaterFilterIndia.com ...................Products on more than 50% Discount Price offer.....................:Get yours from https://waterfilterindia.com/shop ............Exclusive Offer Ending Soon.......................WaterFilterIndia.com..............Our Fast Moving Products on Discount Sale Offer................#WaterFilter ..........#WaterPurifier ...........#Filter .......... #Kitchen .........#HomeAppliance .............#WashingMachineHose .............#WaterFilterSpareParts #BathFilter ...............#Antiscalant ...............#ROMembrane #ROPump ............ #BoosterPump ..................#WaterFilterValve #WashingMachineTapAdapter .............#KitchenSinkFilter #FootValveFilter ...............#DripIrrigationParts.......#DripIrrigationHose........#Aquarium....#PetFood......#Garden....#Garden Hose.......#ROSpanner #ROWaterFilterService #ROParts ............#WaterFilterPowerAdapter ..............#Valve ..................#ROFilter #CarbonFilter ......................#WaterPurifierCover...........................Limited Time Sale Offer................Visit - https://waterfilterindia.com/shop

#Plumbing

0 notes

ereportsmarket-blog · 6 years

Text

Global Ultra Pure Water Instrument Market 2018: By Manufacturers, Type and Applications, Status and Industry Forecast, 2013-2023

eReports Market has recently launched Market Research Report on “Ultra Pure Water Instrument Market” is an in-depth and professional survey on Ultra Pure Water Instrument Market. Ultra Pure Water Instrument Market 2018 by Type, Applications, Power Rating, End-User, Manufacturers, and Region – Global Forecast to 2023. Growing adoption of Factory, Laboratory, Hospital, Other is driving the market…

View On WordPress

#Global Ultra Pure Water Instrument Market

0 notes

scudo07 · 3 years

Text

Global Solid Phase Extraction Market is Booming Across Globe 2026

Market Analysis and Insights:- Global Solid Phase Extraction Market

Global Solid Phase Extraction Market By Type (SPE Cartridge, SPE Disk, Others), Application (Pharmaceuticals, Environmental, Food & Beverage Industry, Biological Fluids, Others), Geography (North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Middle East& Africa) – Industry Trends and Forecast to 2026

Solid phase extraction is a technique used for the sample preparation through which compounds suspended or dissolved in the liquid sample are isolated from mixture of other compounds by their physical or chemical characteristics. It is widely used in the analytical laboratories for the separation and elution of the desired compounds from complex mixture. It gives highly efficient extraction of the particles with less usage of solvent and giving accurate results. It is a well-established technique widely applicable for bioanalytical tests in various industries such as pharmaceutical, healthcare, environmental and food and beverage industries. The growth of the solid phase extraction market is driven by the extensive usage in clinical, industrial, biological, food and beverages sample, marine industry, and others. Furthermore, the main advantage of any type of solid phase extraction is that the solution or the sample can be stored for a longer period of time without any change in its concentration or identity.

Global solid phase extraction market is projected to register a healthy CAGR of 5.4% in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026.

Get More Insights About the Global solid phase extraction market, Request Sample @ https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/request-a-sample/?dbmr=global-solid-phase-extraction-market

Segmentation: Global Solid Phase Extraction Market

Global solid phase extraction market is segmented into two notable segments which are type and application.

In January 2019, Shimadzu Medical Systems USA a subsidiary of Shimadzu Corporation acquires Core Medical Imaging, Inc. to expand their healthcare business in NA. It will provide medical products and services which help the company to expand their customer base and get good reputation within their customers. Additionally it will provide strengthen their medical business.

Know more about this https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-solid-phase-extraction-market

In March 2019, The Tecan Group announced that an agreement was made for the acquisition of long term supplier for liquid handling pump. This acquisition was to help the company in vertically integrating the manufacturing particularly for precision-machined parts for its liquid handling pump portfolio. It will help in strengthening its manufacturing capacity and resulting profitable revenues.

Competitive Analysis: Global Solid Phase Extraction Market

Some of the major players operating in this market are Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Agilent Technologies, Inc., PerkinElmer Inc., WATERS, MERCK & CO.,INC., 3M, S*Pure Pte Ltd, JASCO, Phenomenex Inc., Restek Corporation, MACHEREY-NAGEL GmbH & Co. KG, Orochem Technologies Inc., Avantor, Inc., United Chemical Technologies, ANPEL and others. Product Launch

In April 2018, Phenomenex Inc. launched a new product Strata-X-Drug B Plus for urine drug testing and forensic toxicology labs. This new feature of product will enable an enzyme hydrolysis to be carried out directly in the microplate well and it will also reduce transfer steps and cost. It will meet the demand of drug’s testing labs.

In January 2018, Waters Corporation launched Waters Oasis PRiME MCX Cartridges and 96-Well Plates which will remove 99% of phospholipids very quickly as compared to the traditional mixed-mode solid phase extraction (SPE) products. It will also help the scientists in analysing and improving robustness in the methodology and increase the instrument uptime.

In September 2018, Shimadzu Corporation launched three models of GCMS NX series gas chromatograph mass spectrometers which has the feature of high accuracy and high sensitivity. It will also help in improving efficiency by reducing standby time. It will also help in providing ease for maintenance.

In May 2017, Phenomenex Inc. opened a new manufacturing facility for the gas chromatography (GC) columns. It will be a 15,000-square-foot facility which will be designed and renovated specifically for the company in the location of suburb of El Dorado Hills.

In August 2016, United Chemical Technologies launched Ultra Flash Purification columns at 252nd American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition. The company featured its 3 distinct lines including standard silica/bonded phase columns, column stacking and ILOK format columns conducive for manual assembly. This helped the company in marketing its product to larger audience coming from all around the world.

Request for Detailed TOC @ https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/toc/?dbmr=global-solid-phase-extraction-market

Research Methodology: Global Solid Phase Extraction Market

Primary Respondents: Key Opinion Leaders (KOL’s): Manufacturers, Researchers, Distributors and Food Industrialists. Industry Participants: CEO’s, V.P.’s, Marketing/Product Managers, Market Intelligence Managers and, National Sales Managers.

Access Full report https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/checkout/buy/enterprise/global-solid-phase-extraction-market

BROWSE RELATED REPORTS

Asia-Pacific Solid Phase Extraction Market – Industry Trends - Forecast to 2026

Europe Solid Phase Extraction Market – Industry Trends - Forecast to 2026

Middle East - Africa Solid Phase Extraction Market – Industry Trends - Forecast to 2026

About Data Bridge Market Research:

Data Bridge Market Research set forth itself as an unconventional and neoteric Market research and consulting firm with unparalleled level of resilience and integrated approaches. We are determined to unearth the best market opportunities and foster efficient information for your business to thrive in the market

Contact:

Data Bridge Market Research

Tel: +1-888-387-2818

Email: [email protected]

#Solid Phase Extraction Market

0 notes