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ouddhoil-blog · 7 years
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Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Production by Bacteria and its Application as Biodegradable Plastic in Various Industries-Juniper Publishers
JUNIPER PUBLISHERS- ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
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Abstract
Commercially available plastics are commonly used in day to day life. The rate of accumulation of plastic in the environment is increasing day by day which becomes a major universal concern due to its less biodegradation property. Generated plastic waste is managed by incineration or landfill disposal. These processes are time -consuming and expensive. The main objective of the study involves the investigation bio-degradable polymers viz Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced by bacterial species (Alcaligenes). The stock culture of Alcaligenes species was cultured at a rate of 5% in production media containing 2.5% of sucrose. The growth was quantified through optical density, biomass and PHB. The biomass of the culture was 2.7g/l. The growth curve was obtained that was following the same trend. The PHB was estimated through gas chromatography. The biodegradable plastic was significantly produced by bacteria in the production media that has potential in medical applications, including drug delivery and medical implants.
Keywords: Polyhydroxybutyrate; Polymers; Biodegradable
Abbrevations: PHB: Polyhydroxybutyrate; PHBV: Hydroxybutyrate-Co-Hydroxy Valerate; PHBHHx: Hydroxybutyrate-Co-Hydroxy Hexanoate; PHO: Polyhydroxy Octanoate; PP: Polypropylene; PE: Polyethylene; DCE: Dichloroethane
Introduction
Petroleum-derived plastics (commercially available) have become an integral part of our modern life which successfully replacing various other products over the years. From automobiles to medicine, plastics are utilized in almost every manufacturing industry in the world. Approximately 25 million tons of plastics are produced by the plastics industry every year [1]. The consistent dependency on commercial non-biodegradable plastics causes an adverse impact on environment viz. crude oil reduction and pollution. Disposal of plastic waste through incineration may generate toxic products and is expensive thermal process and recycling can be done but it is time -consuming process and alterations may occur in the plastics with time.
To overcome the hazardous impact of commercial plastics, there is an alternative of biopolymers such as aliphatic polyesters, polylactide, and polyhydroxyalkanoates. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is one of the members of polyhydroxyalkanoates are the more promising candidate due to its biodegradable and eco- friendly property [2]. Polyhydroxybutyrate is produced by bacteria, fungi, molds etc. Polyhydroxybutyrate is eco-friendly plastic which has a wide range of applications. These lipid inclusions are accumulated in the bacteria as they entered the stationary phase of growth. Under limited nitrogen condition and in the presence of carbon source, some bacteria accumulate around 60–80% of their weight as PHB. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters synthesized by various microorganisms, such as Ralstonia eutropha, Alcaligenes latus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus [3–7].
The PHAs are classified by the number of carbon atoms in their monomers. In “short-chain length” PHAs, such as atalysed l utyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxyvalerate, carbon numbers of monomers are 3 to 5 whereas, carbon numbers in medium chain-length PHA monomers range from 6 to 16. In addition to PHB, more than 140 different PHAs have been identified (Figure 1). The PHA types, such as atalysed l utyrate (PHB), poly (Hydroxybutyrate-Co-Hydroxy Valerate) (PHBV), Poly (Hydroxybutyrate-Co-Hydroxy hexanoate) (PHBHHx) and Polyhydroxy Octanoate (PHO) are frequently studied for biomedical applications including tissue regeneration devices, repair devices, repair patches and sutures [8–11].
PHB has been the most promising biodegradable plastics and as an alternative to petrochemical plastics. This is due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and versatile properties make it an eco-friendly substitute for synthetic polymers [12]. The molecular weight varies from 2–3 × 103K Da. The weight was depending on the species that actually producing the polymer [13]. PHB has more advantages because it is far less permeable than PE and PP, this known as a better material for food packaging needless to use antioxidant. Some industrial applications of PHB have been hampered owing to its low thermal stability and excessive brittleness upon storage. The main fermentation strategies used to obtain bio-products are batch culture, fed-batch culture, continuous culture and twostage fermentation. Two-stage fermentation is currently the most common method of producing PHAs. In the first stage of the proposed process, biomass is increased to the level needed for PHB production. In the second stage, nutrients are limited in order to stimulate PHB synthesis by bacteria. This study also applied a two-stage fermentation strategy.
PHB is produced by many genera of bacteria as inclusion bodies to serve as a carbon source and electron sink. PHB is synthesized from acetyl-CoA produce by the bacteria in the sequential action of three enzymes. 3-ketothiolase (phbA gene) catalysis the formation of a carbon-carbon bond by condensation of two acetyl-CoA NADPH dependent atalysed l-CoA reductase (phbB gene) catalyses the stereoselective reduction of atalysed l-CoA formed in the first reaction to R-3- hydroxy butyryl CoA. The third reaction of this pathway is atalysed by the enzyme PHB synthase (phbC gene) that catalyzes the polymerization of R-3- hydroxy butyryl- CoA to form PHB. The EC number is yet to be assigned to PHA synthase [14]. The biosynthetic pathway of PHB from acetyl-CoA was shown in Figure 2. PHB is a partially crystalline polymer which has material properties similar to Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE) [15,16].
In this investigation, the efficiency of selected microorganism was evaluated towards the generation of PHB. The culture revived and quantified for various parameters including biomass, optical density and polymer (PHB) through gas chromatography.
Materials and Methods
The micro-organism was received from ATCC. The microorganism was stored in nutrient agar slants. The Alcaligenes was cultured in 50ml of nutrient broth. After the seed culture was developed it was subculture at a rate of 5% in production media (2.5% sucrose). Optical Density (OD) was measured at 600 nm in a UVIKON 930 spectrophotometer (Kontron Instruments, USA). The dry cell mass (biomass) was also estimated.
The content of PHB in the dried cells was estimated by gas chromatography (Nucon gas chromatograph 5765, AIMIL, India) with benzoic acid as an internal standard; 40 mg of dried cells was dissolved in 2mL of 1, 2-Dichloroethane (DCE) and 2 mL of acidified propanol and 200μL of internal standard. PHB was thus converted to the propyl ester of Hydroxybutyric Acid (HBA). After cooling to room temperature, 4mL of distilled water was added, and the mixture was shaken for 20–30 seconds. The heavier phase (DCE-propanol) was injected into the gas chromatograph column (2% Reoplex on chromosorb).
Results
In the present investigation, the gradual increase in the optical density was monitored till 30 hours after that stationary phase was observed with constant OD at 600nm. The dried mass of the cell pellet was around 2.7g/l in the shake flask experiment. The PHB was 2.1g/l in the lab scale experiment. The PHB was focused in this study due to various advantages such as ecofriendly behavior, non-toxic, biodegradable. There are various reports that clearly depict the generation of bio-plastics from the renewable substrates [17].
Discussion
The biodegradable plastic can have various applications: firstly, bioplastic can be used to develop agricultural and construction materials, automotive interior materials, electrical devices, bottles, containers etc. PHB is compatible with the body tissues that make their application in medical, pharmaceutical areas such as surgical sutures, wound dressings and ocular devices. PHB can be used as a packaging material [18] studied the effect of pasteurization on a meat salad packaged in the PHB film and found it to be a significant aspirant in packaging material [18,19].
Conclusion
The results of this study confirmed that the biodegradable plastic can be easily produced in the production media and also be quantified that reduces environmental pollution problems caused by conventional plastics and solving disposal problem of the agricultural wastes.
Acknowledgements
The author is thankful to IIT, Delhi for providing necessary facilities to observe the biodegradable plastics.
For more Open Access Journals in Juniper Publishers please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com
For more articles in Academic Journal of Polymer Science please click on:https://juniperpublishers.com/ajop/index.php
For more Open Access Journals please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com
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rgcomon-hilot · 4 years
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Year 2019 is almost over and before it end, we thank the Universe for its blessings and challenges that we have met through this year. At the start of the year i thought that it will be permanently Good Bye for Habi as i plan to stop sharing my knowledge and experience in Philippine Traditional Hilot and focus on attending to my Mother’s failing health. But despite of the situation while my mother is in the Hospital, i had an opportunity to be Interviewed on a TV Show at GMA 7 I juander about Hilot.
The TV interview and my nanay’s condition encourage me to do well in Hilot that i started to formulate the Amulaser Tablet Herbal Food Supplement and that is the first blessings that came to Habi in 2019. Though in the past i already tried making herbal capsules and tea bags but it does not goes well for me. I’m not discouraging anyone not to use capsules but making herbal tablet works faster than using capsules or tea which you will learn more if you enroll to our Hilot Herbal Class.
When my nanay died, all my dreams for Hilot collapsed and said to my self to totally stop everything and keep it all to my self including my faith. The death of my nanay hurt me as i feel that i’ve been a failure. As people come to comfort the family through my nanay’s lost, the voice of the Spirit cheered me up and affirm that my Nanay want me to continue the works that i’ve started in preserving and promoting Philippine Traditional and Indigenous Medicine. And through Nanay’s Blessing she blessed us to produce new Hilot Binabaylan from Washington DC, USA; Turin, Italy; and in Grenoble, France. And on September i welcome Stroke patient for home visitation treatment.
Gerone & Jeremy Pascal, Grenoble France
Agar Agar, Turin Italy
Kai Kai, Washington DC,USA
Patient Tatay Ricardo of Fairview, QC
As i meditate on the Status of Hilot Academy, i recognize our struggle in reintroducing Hilot to the world specially to our Fellow Filipino. The real meaning of Hilot is heavily calloused by the misconception that it is a form of massage due to the limitations of the government policy imposed to its practitioners in order for modern medicine to take place instead of applying the Traditional Wisdom of our Ancestors.
In Hilot academy we emphasize that Hilot is not just a form of Massage but a complete art and science of diagnostic, healthcare and treatment of physical, emotional and mental illness practiced by our ancestors. You will experience Authentic Hilot if you booked an appointment to visit us.
People might think that Hilot Academy of Binabaylan is a business for profit institution but in reality it is not.
Hilot Academy is an Educational Ministry member of Luntiang Aghama Natural Divine Arts Shrine of Healing Inc. The Academy only operates as an Educational Institution during the availability of the Students. HIlot Academy does not have School Calendar or specific dates when we offer our classes. All of our Training Program are designed for one-on-one or group actual sharing and transfer of technology to all who request to learn from us. Unlike regular schools that needs to meet the minimum number of enrollees before the training program to commence; in Hilot Academy we do our class even if there is only one enrollee.
During its operation, the Academy will ask certain amount of money to its student in a form of Training Fee that will compensate our trainers as well as for the expenses on the Training Modules, Materials, Venue, Food and Accommodation of he stay-in student/s. Not all day, weeks or month we have student. So if we rely our living to the income that we earn through teaching hilot, it will not sustain the daily living of our volunteers. The operation of the Academy is purely based on dedication and in its advocacy to preserve our Traditional and Indigenous Medicine which is part of our Cultural Identity as Filipino.
By the Year 2020, we will still continue to share our knowledge of Filipino Traditional, Indigenous and Natural Medicine in preservation and promotion of Hilot. But this coming year, we will focus on Herbal Cultivation and Production so that we can share it to people who are in need. Students who will enroll into our Training Program will have the chance to sponsor underpreviledged individual that is suffering from Cancer, Diabetes or KIdney problem to have free Amulaser Herbal Tablet that could help them relieve from their condition. We believe that Mother Nature has a cure for our illness and through your enrollment to us we can extend the blessings of healing to come to those people using our product.
With these goal in 2020, Hilot Academy of Binabaylan will document all the plants, herbs and trees that grow in our backyard. We already have Aloe Vera, Acapulco, Avocado, Cacao, Guava, Guyabano, Gotu kola, Makabuhay, Mulberry, Mugwort, Nyog Nyogan (Ficus Psuedopalma Blanco), Serpentina, Sinenguelas, Turmeric, Star Apple, oregano, pandan, tungkod pari, Mango and Lagundi. We will set a special page of these plants on our website indicating its medicinal properties and the illnesses that it could heal.
We will utilize these gifts of Mother Nature to us and apply our knowledge in manufacturing Herbal Products such as Healing Oil, Salve, Liniment, Tincture, Syrup, Medicated Bath Soap, and Herbal Tablet as food supplements.
Our doors will remain open to those who seek healing through hilot and they can have it through donation basis. The elderly specially those who suffer from cardio vascular ailments such as stroke will be our outmost priority and the only case that we can do for home.visitation treatment. Couples who want help in having a baby must book an appointment to have fertility hilot session.
To have an appointment kindly email us at [email protected] or give me a call at +639952467040
2019 Status of Habi Year 2019 is almost over and before it end, we thank the Universe for its blessings and challenges that we have met through this year.
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captainlenfan · 5 years
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New Post has been published on https://fitnessbodybuilding.online/2019/04/28/maximuscle-promax-chocolate-orange-protein-bar-60g-0-13lbs/
Maximuscle Promax Chocolate Orange Protein Bar - 60g (0.13lbs)
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Welcome to JALPUR MILLERS ONLINE Home | About Us | Feedback | Add to favourites | PAYMENT | SHIPPING | RETURNS | Contact Us BROWSE ALL CATEGORIES BBQ Sauces (6)Beverages (57)Bread & Cake Mixes (6)Brown Sauce (4)Candy & Chewing Gum (106)Canned Vegetables (1)Cereal & Cereal Bars (69)Chocolate Bars & Bags (193) More Free & Fast Delivery 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed 100% Moneyback Guaranteed Best Products @ Best Price Shop categories BBQ Sauces (6)Beverages (57)Bread & Cake Mixes (6)Brown Sauce (4)Candy & Chewing Gum (106)Canned Vegetables (1)Cereal & Cereal Bars (69)Chocolate Bars & Bags (193)Chocolate Selection Boxes/Tray (13)Chocolate Spreads (2)Cleaning Supplies (2)Coffee, Tea & Tea Bags (218)Condiments, Oils & Sauces (195)Cookies & Biscuits (110)Cooking Sauces & Pastes (49)Desserts & Jelly (34)Desserts, Pudding & Custard (14)Dry Fruit (17)Flours & Baking Ingredients (283)Food, Kitchen & Dining Storage (2)Grains, Lentils & Pasta (254)Hair Color (14)Herbs & Resins (Dry) (2)Hot Chocolate & Malted Drinks (9)Hot Cocoa/Hot Chocolate (17)Incense & Fragrances (10)Jams, Preserves & Spreads (80)Kitchen, Dining & Cutlery (1)Kitchen, Dining & Home (1)Mayonnaise & Salad Cream (19)Milk & Cream (13)Nuts & Seeds (Dry) (65)Oils & Serums (15)Organic Superfoods (8)Other Food & Beverage (2)Other Hair & Styling (1)Other Health & Beauty (3)Party Tableware, Serving & Lin (6)Pasta & Noodles (54)Relish & Salsa (4)Snack & International Foods (73)Soup (28)Spices, Seasonings & Extracts (502)Tomato Sauces (6)Vinegars (10)Other (24) Featured Items Agar Agar Powder (Vegan Gelatine) – 1kg $40.79Buy It Now BASIL SEEDS 200g TUKMARIA SABJA SUBJA SUBZA DESSERT FALOOD… $5.89Buy It Now Eno Fruit Salt Orignal 150g Pack of 3 [Personal Care] $26.39Buy It Now Nestle Nesquik Chocolate Cereal – 375g – (375g x 1 Box) (13.23 oz x 1) $10.39Buy It Now Rishta – Mango Pickle Mild $9.09Buy It Now Gits Rava Idli 500gms $9.29Buy It Now Twinings Lady Grey Tea Bags – 50’s (4.41 oz x 1) $9.19Buy It Now Hartley’s Raspberry Jelly – 135g – Pack of 2 (135g x 2) $8.59Buy It Now Marmite Squeezy Yeast Extract – 200g – Pack of 3 (200g x 3) (7.05 oz x 3) $19.79Buy It Now Newsletter Add my Store to your Favourites and receive my email newsletters about new items and special promotions! Maximuscle Promax Chocolate Orange Protein Bar – 60g (0.13lbs) Click on the Image to Enlarge Description Chocolate Orange Flavour High Protein Bar in a dark chocolate flavoured coating with sweeteners.Maximuscle Promax Bars are a high protein bar to support muscle maintenance and development. Plus they also have added vitamin D & magnesium. Promax Bars offer a convenient snack alternative that contains 20 g protein? in every great tasting bar.A high protein bar to support muscle maintenance and development. Enjoy either after training or in between meals20 g Protein? High in fibre20% of your RI of Vitamin D & 85.4 mg of Magnesium100% batch tested and Informed-Sport accredited?Products have been formulated to meet an average of 20g protein per bar.The benefits of Maximuscle Promax Bars:For individualês looking for muscle growth and development – protein is the key. Maximuscle Promax Bars offer a convenient way to boost the protein content of your diet. Never miss a protein opportunity by keeping a Promax Bar in your gym or work bag. What makes Maximuscle Promax Bars different?The newly formulated Maximuscle Promax bars have been nutritionally tailored to meet your training needs. For Maximuscle Athletes and Ambassadors, these new bars are the preferred choice – they can go into competition with peace of mind, knowing that all of Maximuscle products are screened for banned substances and accredited by the Informed-Sport programme.Maximuscle only use proven, reliable ingredients with known scientific benefits in our products.Stacking Support:Maximuscle Promax Bars are the perfect support alternative to Maximuscle Promax powder. Promax is the ideal product range to support your muscle maintenance and development by being high in protein. 100% we test every batch of every product Payment Payments Policy: Paypal – Paypal Preferred. Items will be cleared and despatched subject to payment being made and cleared. Paypal cards accepted: MasterCard, Maestro, Visa, Visa Debit, Visa electron, American Express and Direct Debit. Postage Postage Policy: Postage and Packaging – Item Location – Leicester, United Kingdom. FREE Postage & Packaging to United Kingdom. Service – Economy Delivery (Royal Mail 2nd Class). Estimated Delivery Time – 3-5 Business working Days. Express Delivery – £25.00 to United Kingdom. Express Delivery (Royal Mail Special Delivery (TM) before (1.00 pm) Estimated Delivery Time from Despatch – 1 Working Business Day. Delivery Times may vary, especially during peak periods and will depend on when your payment clears. Returns Returns policy: After receiving the item, cancel purchase within 14 days. Buyer is responsible for return postage costs. Return Policy Details: 14 Days after purchase. We only pay return postage for a mistake we have made in the listing. Most Buy It Now purchases are protected by the Distance Selling Regulations, which allow you to cancel the purchase within 14 working days after the day you receive the item. Find out more about your as a buyer and exceptions. About Us Welcome to Jalpur Millers Online Ebay Store, where you can find information on our company and the full range of Jalpur branded products and also the facility to shop online that will be delivered to your door. Jalpur Millers was established in 1976 with two family members with a few small milling devices and a small retail outlet on Harrison Road, Leicester. The business was established to manufacture and retail flours and spices using a traditional method using homemade recipes. Over the years the brand started to create its place in the market as being a brand with quality product range, which required us to wholesale out of Leicester area and move to larger premises and increase our manufacturing machinery for increased production. We use the highest quality raw materials which produces the highest quality flours and/or spices to the final consumer. We grind these flours and spices using stone milling, which is the most finest and traditional method of grinding, so all our products will seem like they have all been made at home. Our brand has been established for over 30 years therefore it is a widely recognised brand and trusted brand. As the company reached a decade of trading, one of the original owners was joined by his two younger brothers to expand the business further and create a respectable family business. As UK’s Asian population grew during the 1980’s and 1990’s so did the companies sales and demands. Jalpur Millers has now separated its manufacturing division and its retail division to form two companies, Jalpur Millers (Wholesale) Ltd and Jalpur Millers (Cash & Carry). The wholesale company manufactures over 20 varieties of flours, for which we can proudly state to be UK’s only company to manufacture in-house that many varieties of different ethnic flours. The company wholesales nationwide, mainly to re-wholesalers who provide to smaller retail outlets throughout UK, who stock our products. We also export to USA, Canada and parts of Europe, mainly Portugal. Jalpur Millers (Cash & Carry) is our sister company which is our retail outlet where the consumers have been purchasing their food requirements for over 30 years. This outlet also carries English and other Indian groceries, not Jalpur branded, for our customers convenience and requirements. Jalpur Millers, as a whole, is continuing to grow by diversifying into different food markets and changing according to customer and market demands. As most companies are doing, we are facing new challenges all the time but our company is established enough to overcome and resolve all these challenges and focus on our customer needs, demands and service. We are also looking at furthering our field to enter into more supermarkets with our current and future new product ranges. Jalpur Millers has gone in depth and taken out a new range of Organic Certified products. We have been accredited by the Soil Association and believe in delivering a good Quality Organic Range. Please search for our new brand which is Organikku Organic. With this brand you will find items such as Organic Coconut Oil, Organic Coconut Palm Sugar and many more products being added to the range. We aim to provide the best quality products at the best possible prices, given the worldwide price increases of food commodities, increasing fixed costs and inflation, and aim to provide the best customer service standards and welcome all feedback, positive and negative. In the rare event of a negative feedback we treat and resolve the matter as a matter of urgency and investigate into the nature of the complaint as fully as possible. We pride ourselves as a family business, whereby the owners are respectable members of the community in Leicester, providing quality ethnic food products and offering great customer service. As always we thank you for your custom and understand the importance of Quality and Customer Satisfaction. Contact Us Contact Us: Click here to contact via eBay message Featured Items Agar Agar Powder (Vegan Gelatine) – 1kg $40.79Buy It Now BASIL SEEDS 200g TUKMARIA SABJA SUBJA SUBZA DESSERT FALOOD… $5.89Buy It Now Eno Fruit Salt Orignal 150g Pack of 3 [Personal Care] $26.39Buy It Now Nestle Nesquik Chocolate Cereal – 375g – (375g x 1 Box) (13.23 oz x 1) $10.39Buy It Now Rishta – Mango Pickle Mild $9.09Buy It Now Gits Rava Idli 500gms $9.29Buy It Now Twinings Lady Grey Tea Bags – 50’s (4.41 oz x 1) $9.19Buy It Now Hartley’s Raspberry Jelly – 135g – Pack of 2 (135g x 2) $8.59Buy It Now Marmite Squeezy Yeast Extract – 200g – Pack of 3 (200g x 3) (7.05 oz x 3) $19.79Buy It Now Cadburys Boost Duo – Pack of 6 (48g x 6 Bars) (1.69 oz x 6) $10.79Buy It Now 2 x KTC 100% Pure Coconut Oil 500ml, Hair & Skin Moisturiser Edible, Cooking $17.29Buy It Now Matilde Vicenzi – Italian Puff Pastry Sticks – 175g (pack of 2) $9.99Buy It Now At eSellerSolutions.com we create professional and attractive eBay item templates, ebay shop templates, ebay listing templates for eBay listings. ebay templates by esellersolutions.com, ebay shop templates by esellersolutions.com, eBay item templates by esellersolutions.com, ebay auction template by esellersolutions.com, ebay store promotion by esellersolutions.com Copyright © 2017 Jalpur Millers. 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captainlenfan · 5 years
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New Post has been published on https://fitnessbodybuilding.online/2019/04/28/maximuscle-promax-chocolate-brownie-protein-bar-60g-0-13lbs/
Maximuscle Promax Chocolate Brownie Protein Bar - 60g (0.13lbs)
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Welcome to JALPUR MILLERS ONLINE Home | About Us | Feedback | Add to favourites | PAYMENT | SHIPPING | RETURNS | Contact Us BROWSE ALL CATEGORIES BBQ Sauces (6)Beverages (57)Bread & Cake Mixes (6)Brown Sauce (4)Candy & Chewing Gum (106)Canned Vegetables (1)Cereal & Cereal Bars (69)Chocolate Bars & Bags (193) More Free & Fast Delivery 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed 100% Moneyback Guaranteed Best Products @ Best Price Shop categories BBQ Sauces (6)Beverages (57)Bread & Cake Mixes (6)Brown Sauce (4)Candy & Chewing Gum (106)Canned Vegetables (1)Cereal & Cereal Bars (69)Chocolate Bars & Bags (193)Chocolate Selection Boxes/Tray (13)Chocolate Spreads (2)Cleaning Supplies (2)Coffee, Tea & Tea Bags (218)Condiments, Oils & Sauces (195)Cookies & Biscuits (110)Cooking Sauces & Pastes (49)Desserts & Jelly (34)Desserts, Pudding & Custard (14)Dry Fruit (17)Flours & Baking Ingredients (283)Food, Kitchen & Dining Storage (2)Grains, Lentils & Pasta (254)Hair Color (14)Herbs & Resins (Dry) (2)Hot Chocolate & Malted Drinks (9)Hot Cocoa/Hot Chocolate (17)Incense & Fragrances (10)Jams, Preserves & Spreads (80)Kitchen, Dining & Cutlery (1)Kitchen, Dining & Home (1)Mayonnaise & Salad Cream (19)Milk & Cream (13)Nuts & Seeds (Dry) (65)Oils & Serums (15)Organic Superfoods (8)Other Food & Beverage (2)Other Hair & Styling (1)Other Health & Beauty (3)Party Tableware, Serving & Lin (6)Pasta & Noodles (54)Relish & Salsa (4)Snack & International Foods (73)Soup (28)Spices, Seasonings & Extracts (502)Tomato Sauces (6)Vinegars (10)Other (24) Featured Items Agar Agar Powder (Vegan Gelatine) – 1kg $40.79Buy It Now BASIL SEEDS 200g TUKMARIA SABJA SUBJA SUBZA DESSERT FALOOD… $5.89Buy It Now Eno Fruit Salt Orignal 150g Pack of 3 [Personal Care] $26.39Buy It Now Nestle Nesquik Chocolate Cereal – 375g – (375g x 1 Box) (13.23 oz x 1) $10.39Buy It Now Rishta – Mango Pickle Mild $9.09Buy It Now Gits Rava Idli 500gms $9.29Buy It Now Twinings Lady Grey Tea Bags – 50’s (4.41 oz x 1) $9.19Buy It Now Hartley’s Raspberry Jelly – 135g – Pack of 2 (135g x 2) $8.59Buy It Now Marmite Squeezy Yeast Extract – 200g – Pack of 3 (200g x 3) (7.05 oz x 3) $19.79Buy It Now Newsletter Add my Store to your Favourites and receive my email newsletters about new items and special promotions! Maximuscle Promax Chocolate Brownie Protein Bar – 60g (0.13lbs) Click on the Image to Enlarge Description Chocolate Brownie Flavour High Protein Bar in a milk chocolate flavoured coating with sweeteners.Maximuscle Promax bars are a high protein bar to support muscle maintenance and development. Plus they also have added vitamin D & magnesium. Promax Bars offer a convenient snack alternative that contains 20 g protein? in every great tasting bar.A high protein bar to support muscle maintenance and development. Enjoy either after training or in between meals20 g Protein? High in fibre20% of your RI of Vitamin D & 85.4 mg of Magnesium100% batch tested and Informed-Sport accredited?Products have been formulated to meet an average of 20g protein per bar.The benefits of Maximuscle Promax Bars:For individualês looking for muscle growth and development – protein is the key. Maximuscle Promax Bars offer a convenient way to boost the protein content of your diet. Never miss a protein opportunity by keeping a Promax Bar in your gym or work bag. What makes Maximuscle Promax Bars different?The newly formulated Maximuscle Promax Bars have been nutritionally tailored to meet your training needs. For Maximuscle Athletes and Ambassadors, these new bars are the preferred choice – they can go into competition with peace of mind, knowing that all of Maximuscle products are screened for banned substances and accredited by the Informed-Sport programme.Maximuscle only use proven, reliable ingredients with known scientific benefits in our products.Stacking Support:Maximuscle Promax Bars are the perfect support alternative to Maximuscle Promax Powder. Promax is the ideal product range to support your muscle maintenance and development by being high in protein. 100% we test every batch of every product Payment Payments Policy: Paypal – Paypal Preferred. Items will be cleared and despatched subject to payment being made and cleared. Paypal cards accepted: MasterCard, Maestro, Visa, Visa Debit, Visa electron, American Express and Direct Debit. Postage Postage Policy: Postage and Packaging – Item Location – Leicester, United Kingdom. FREE Postage & Packaging to United Kingdom. Service – Economy Delivery (Royal Mail 2nd Class). Estimated Delivery Time – 3-5 Business working Days. Express Delivery – £25.00 to United Kingdom. Express Delivery (Royal Mail Special Delivery (TM) before (1.00 pm) Estimated Delivery Time from Despatch – 1 Working Business Day. Delivery Times may vary, especially during peak periods and will depend on when your payment clears. Returns Returns policy: After receiving the item, cancel purchase within 14 days. Buyer is responsible for return postage costs. Return Policy Details: 14 Days after purchase. We only pay return postage for a mistake we have made in the listing. Most Buy It Now purchases are protected by the Distance Selling Regulations, which allow you to cancel the purchase within 14 working days after the day you receive the item. Find out more about your as a buyer and exceptions. About Us Welcome to Jalpur Millers Online Ebay Store, where you can find information on our company and the full range of Jalpur branded products and also the facility to shop online that will be delivered to your door. Jalpur Millers was established in 1976 with two family members with a few small milling devices and a small retail outlet on Harrison Road, Leicester. The business was established to manufacture and retail flours and spices using a traditional method using homemade recipes. Over the years the brand started to create its place in the market as being a brand with quality product range, which required us to wholesale out of Leicester area and move to larger premises and increase our manufacturing machinery for increased production. We use the highest quality raw materials which produces the highest quality flours and/or spices to the final consumer. We grind these flours and spices using stone milling, which is the most finest and traditional method of grinding, so all our products will seem like they have all been made at home. Our brand has been established for over 30 years therefore it is a widely recognised brand and trusted brand. As the company reached a decade of trading, one of the original owners was joined by his two younger brothers to expand the business further and create a respectable family business. As UK’s Asian population grew during the 1980’s and 1990’s so did the companies sales and demands. Jalpur Millers has now separated its manufacturing division and its retail division to form two companies, Jalpur Millers (Wholesale) Ltd and Jalpur Millers (Cash & Carry). The wholesale company manufactures over 20 varieties of flours, for which we can proudly state to be UK’s only company to manufacture in-house that many varieties of different ethnic flours. The company wholesales nationwide, mainly to re-wholesalers who provide to smaller retail outlets throughout UK, who stock our products. We also export to USA, Canada and parts of Europe, mainly Portugal. Jalpur Millers (Cash & Carry) is our sister company which is our retail outlet where the consumers have been purchasing their food requirements for over 30 years. This outlet also carries English and other Indian groceries, not Jalpur branded, for our customers convenience and requirements. Jalpur Millers, as a whole, is continuing to grow by diversifying into different food markets and changing according to customer and market demands. As most companies are doing, we are facing new challenges all the time but our company is established enough to overcome and resolve all these challenges and focus on our customer needs, demands and service. We are also looking at furthering our field to enter into more supermarkets with our current and future new product ranges. Jalpur Millers has gone in depth and taken out a new range of Organic Certified products. We have been accredited by the Soil Association and believe in delivering a good Quality Organic Range. Please search for our new brand which is Organikku Organic. With this brand you will find items such as Organic Coconut Oil, Organic Coconut Palm Sugar and many more products being added to the range. We aim to provide the best quality products at the best possible prices, given the worldwide price increases of food commodities, increasing fixed costs and inflation, and aim to provide the best customer service standards and welcome all feedback, positive and negative. In the rare event of a negative feedback we treat and resolve the matter as a matter of urgency and investigate into the nature of the complaint as fully as possible. We pride ourselves as a family business, whereby the owners are respectable members of the community in Leicester, providing quality ethnic food products and offering great customer service. As always we thank you for your custom and understand the importance of Quality and Customer Satisfaction. Contact Us Contact Us: Click here to contact via eBay message Featured Items Agar Agar Powder (Vegan Gelatine) – 1kg $40.79Buy It Now BASIL SEEDS 200g TUKMARIA SABJA SUBJA SUBZA DESSERT FALOOD… $5.89Buy It Now Eno Fruit Salt Orignal 150g Pack of 3 [Personal Care] $26.39Buy It Now Nestle Nesquik Chocolate Cereal – 375g – (375g x 1 Box) (13.23 oz x 1) $10.39Buy It Now Rishta – Mango Pickle Mild $9.09Buy It Now Gits Rava Idli 500gms $9.29Buy It Now Twinings Lady Grey Tea Bags – 50’s (4.41 oz x 1) $9.19Buy It Now Hartley’s Raspberry Jelly – 135g – Pack of 2 (135g x 2) $8.59Buy It Now Marmite Squeezy Yeast Extract – 200g – Pack of 3 (200g x 3) (7.05 oz x 3) $19.79Buy It Now Cadburys Boost Duo – Pack of 6 (48g x 6 Bars) (1.69 oz x 6) $10.79Buy It Now 2 x KTC 100% Pure Coconut Oil 500ml, Hair & Skin Moisturiser Edible, Cooking $17.29Buy It Now Matilde Vicenzi – Italian Puff Pastry Sticks – 175g (pack of 2) $9.99Buy It Now At eSellerSolutions.com we create professional and attractive eBay item templates, ebay shop templates, ebay listing templates for eBay listings. ebay templates by esellersolutions.com, ebay shop templates by esellersolutions.com, eBay item templates by esellersolutions.com, ebay auction template by esellersolutions.com, ebay store promotion by esellersolutions.com Copyright © 2017 Jalpur Millers. 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