#automatic permission revocation

[diagnozabam]

Google Play Protect 2025: Revocarea Automată a Permisiunilor și Noile Măsuri de Securitate Android

Google a anunțat pe 29 ianuarie 2025 mai multe măsuri noi pentru îmbunătățirea securității dispozitivelor Android. Printre cele mai importante schimbări se numără revocarea automată a permisiunilor aplicațiilor periculoase, protecția avansată împotriva aplicațiilor instalate din surse terțe și introducerea de insigne de verificare pentru aplicațiile oficiale guvernamentale și VPN-urile de…

[spintly-co]

How to Integrate a Visitor Management System with Access Control

In today's fast-paced, security-conscious world, welcoming visitors into your workplace is more than just offering a friendly smile. It’s about creating a secure, seamless, and professional experience from the moment they step through your doors. That’s where the integration of a Visitor Management System with your Access Control infrastructure becomes not only valuable but essential.

As organizations adopt more advanced digital software for security and workforce management, the traditional logbook at the reception desk simply doesn’t cut it anymore. Enterprises now need smarter systems that can streamline visitor authentication, improve building security, and offer real-time visibility into who is onsite - all while delivering a positive visitor experience.

What Is a Visitor Management System?

A Visitor Management System (VMS) is a digital solution that automates the process of registering, tracking, and managing visitors in a facility. Whether you're hosting clients, delivery personnel, or contractors, a VMS helps ensure a smooth and secure process by replacing manual sign-in sheets with digital check-ins, mobile pre-registration, and even face recognition in some cases.

Modern VMS platforms often include features like ID scanning, badge printing, NDA signing, and real-time notifications to hosts. When integrated with Access Control Systems, these platforms become even more powerful - enabling automated access rights, restricted area monitoring, and better control over who enters and exits your building.

Why Integrate Visitor Management with Access Control?

Integrating your Visitor Management System with your Access Control solution creates a unified security framework that benefits both security teams and front desk staff. Here are a few compelling reasons for doing so:

1. Enhanced Security and Compliance

When a visitor is granted temporary access credentials that are linked to their identity and purpose of visit, it eliminates the chances of unauthorized access. This level of control is critical in industries such as healthcare, IT, and finance, where compliance with data and security standards is non-negotiable.

2. Seamless Visitor Experience

A unified system can pre-authorize access for expected guests, reducing waiting time and manual verification. Visitors can check in using a mobile app or a QR code sent to them ahead of time, making the process faster and more professional.

3. Real-Time Monitoring and Reporting

By integrating your systems, security personnel and administrators get real-time dashboards displaying who is inside the building and where. In emergencies, this can be crucial for ensuring a swift evacuation and accurate headcounts.

4. Operational Efficiency

From automatic badge generation to the instant revocation of access after a visit, integration reduces the burden on front desk staff and security personnel. Everything is tracked and logged digitally, minimizing human error and streamlining workflows.

Key Steps to Integration

Integrating a Visitor Management System with Access Control isn’t just about plugging two systems together. It requires thoughtful planning, compatible technology, and sometimes, API-level synchronization.

1. Define Your Security Objectives

Start by asking: What level of access do visitors need? Are there specific zones that should remain restricted? Do you need to track contractors or delivery staff separately? Having clear goals will help determine the depth of integration required.

2. Select Compatible Technologies

Not all VMS and access control platforms are made to talk to each other. Choosing solutions that are built on open architecture or offer easy API integration is crucial. Cloud-based platforms such as Spintly, for instance, offer seamless interoperability with modern visitor management software, making the integration process smoother and more flexible.

3. Set Access Rules and Permissions

Once integrated, you can define visitor roles and permissions. For instance, a guest attending a conference might only be granted access to a meeting room and cafeteria, whereas a technician could be allowed into maintenance areas. These permissions can be automatically configured at check-in based on the visitor type.

4. Enable Pre-Registration and Mobile Access

Advanced systems allow hosts to pre-register guests, sending them QR codes or digital access credentials via email or mobile app. Upon arrival, the visitor simply scans their code at the entrance to gain access. This not only accelerates the check-in process but also reduces physical contact an essential consideration in a post-pandemic workplace.

5. Train Staff and Communicate Changes

Even the best-integrated system requires a degree of human oversight. Train your security and front desk teams on the new workflows and make sure all stakeholders understand how visitors should be managed going forward. Update your visitor policy accordingly and communicate it clearly, both internally and externally.

Industry Use Cases

Here’s how different sectors benefit from integrating a Visitor Management System with Access Control:

Corporate Offices: Streamlines entry for clients, interviews, and deliveries while improving brand perception.

Co-Working Spaces: Offers secure, flexible access to guests and temporary tenants.

Educational Institutions: Helps track and limit access to sensitive zones like labs and administrative areas.

Healthcare: Controls visitor access to wards, patient rooms, and high-risk areas.

Manufacturing: Monitors contractor and vendor access to production zones.

Why Spintly Makes Integration Easy

When it comes to building security and visitor access, cloud-first platforms like Spintly offer a future-ready solution. With wireless, mobile-based architecture and open APIs, Spintly enables seamless integration with third-party Visitor Management Systems, eliminating the need for complex cabling or costly infrastructure changes.

Spintly’s smart access solutions are already helping businesses modernize their physical security strategies while enhancing visitor experiences. Whether you operate a single facility or multiple locations, Spintly's modular design allows you to scale effortlessly without compromising on security.

Conclusion

In an era where the first impression often begins at the front door, businesses can't afford to overlook how they manage guests. By integrating a Visitor Management System with Access Control, organizations can enhance both safety and service—offering secure, efficient, and professional visitor journeys from start to finish.

Providers like Spintly are empowering businesses to simplify access without sacrificing control, using smart, wireless technology that’s easy to adopt and manage. As we move toward more flexible and hybrid workplace models, integrated visitor access solutions will no longer be a luxury - they’ll be a necessity.

Ready to modernize your entry experience and safeguard your workplace with smarter technology? It’s time to explore how cloud-based visitor and access control systems can work together to deliver seamless security and operational excellence.

[vaishnavidevi]

Beyond the Swipe: A Comprehensive Guide to Pre-Authorized Debits (PADs)

In today's fast-paced world, convenience reigns supreme. Pre-authorized debits (PADs), also known as direct debits, are a payment method that allows for automatic deductions from your bank account for recurring bills and subscriptions.

This comprehensive guide delves into the world of PADs, exploring their functionalities, the benefits they offer, and important considerations to make before authorizing them.

Beyond the Cash Register: Demystifying How PADs Work

PADs streamline the payment process for recurring expenses. Here's a breakdown of the mechanics:

Authorization: You grant permission to a biller (company you owe money to) to automatically withdraw funds from your bank account for a specific amount and on a predetermined schedule. This authorization can be given electronically, via phone, or through a paper form.

Scheduling: The PAD agreement specifies the frequency of withdrawals, whether it's monthly, quarterly, or annually.

Notification: The biller typically notifies you in advance of each PAD transaction, allowing you to verify the amount and ensure sufficient funds are available.

Automatic Withdrawal: On the scheduled date, the biller electronically initiates the debit from your bank account, transferring the agreed-upon amount.

Beyond Convenience: Unveiling the Advantages of PADs

PADs offer a multitude of benefits for both consumers and businesses:

For Consumers:

Convenience: Automatic payments eliminate the hassle of remembering due dates and making manual payments, ensuring bills are paid on time and avoiding late fees.

Budgeting: By automating recurring expenses, PADs help you stay on track with your budget and avoid overspending.

Peace of Mind: Setting up PADs ensures timely payments, preventing service disruptions for utilities or subscriptions.

Enhanced Security: PADs eliminate the need to share your bank account details every time you make a payment, potentially reducing the risk of fraud.

For Businesses:

Increased Efficiency: Automated payments minimize manual accounting tasks and streamline billing processes.

Reduced Late Payments: PADs ensure timely payments, leading to improved cash flow for business operations.

Improved Customer Retention: Convenience fosters customer satisfaction by eliminating the possibility of accidental missed payments.

Beyond the Green Light: Important Considerations When Authorizing PADs

While PADs boast convenience, careful consideration is crucial before authorizing them:

Understanding the Agreement: Thoroughly read the PAD agreement before granting permission. It should clearly state the amount, frequency, and duration of the withdrawals.

Trustworthy Billers: Only authorize PADs for reputable companies with a proven track record of reliable billing practices.

Monitoring Account Activity: Regularly review your bank statements to ensure authorized PAD transactions match agreed-upon amounts.

Revocation Rights: You have the right to revoke PAD authorization at any time. Contact your bank and the biller to stop future automatic withdrawals.

Dispute Resolution: If unauthorized transactions occur, promptly notify your bank and file a dispute to recover funds.

Beyond the One-Size-Fits-All: Exploring Different Types of PADs

PADs can be categorized based on the nature of the recurring payment:

Fixed Amount PADs: The same amount is withdrawn each time, such as for monthly utility bills.

Variable Amount PADs: The amount can fluctuate depending on usage, like for phone bills with variable call charges.

One-Time PADs: These authorize a single, pre-determined withdrawal, often used for subscriptions or donations.

Beyond the Basics: Leveraging PADs for Automated Financial Management

PADs can be utilized for various purposes beyond traditional bills:

Investment Contributions: Automatically invest a fixed amount each month into mutual funds or retirement accounts.

Subscription Services: Streamline payments for streaming services, gym memberships, or software subscriptions.

Charitable Donations: Schedule regular contributions to your favorite charities, ensuring consistent support.

Beyond the Present: The Future of PADs

PADs are likely to evolve with advancements in technology:

Enhanced Security: Biometric authentication and stronger encryption could further solidify the security of PAD transactions.

Open Banking Integration: Open banking initiatives may allow for PADs to be initiated directly within your bank account management platform.

Greater Consumer Control: Future PAD systems could provide more granular control over withdrawal amounts and schedules.

In Conclusion:

Pre-authorized debits offer a convenient and efficient way to manage recurring payments. By understanding their functionalities, advantages, and limitations, you can leverage PADs to streamline your finances and free yourself from the burden of remembering due dates.

[atcauselawfirm]

Planning Your Legacy: Options for Passing Down Your Home to Your Children in Florida

As a homeowner in Florida, planning how to pass down your home to your children is a crucial part of securing your legacy. Your home is not just a valuable asset but a place filled with memories and emotional significance. There are several methods to ensure your property is transferred smoothly and efficiently to your children. In this blog post, we will explore the various options available, helping you make informed decisions that align with your wishes and the best interests of your family.

Understanding Florida's Probate Process

Before delving into the specific options, it’s essential to understand Florida’s probate process, as it affects how your home will be transferred upon your passing. Probate is a court-supervised procedure for authenticating a will, paying off debts, and distributing the remaining assets to beneficiaries. While probate can provide a clear, legal transfer of property, it is often time-consuming and costly. Therefore, many homeowners seek methods to bypass probate, ensuring a more streamlined transfer to their children.

1. Creating a Will

Creating a will is one of the most straightforward ways to outline how you want your assets, including your home, distributed. In a will, you can specify that your home be passed down to your children. However, it’s important to note that a will does not avoid probate; it simply guides the probate process. If you choose this option, your estate will still go through probate, but having a clear will can minimize disputes and ensure your wishes are honored.

Pros:

Clear documentation of your wishes.

Can be amended as circumstances change.

Cons:

Subject to probate, which can be lengthy and expensive.

Public record, so your wishes and details of your estate are not private.

2. Living Trust

A living trust is an excellent tool for avoiding probate. When you create a living trust, you transfer ownership of your home (and other assets) to the trust. You can name yourself as the trustee, maintaining control over your property during your lifetime, and appoint a successor trustee to take over upon your death. Your home then passes to your children outside of probate.

Pros:

Avoids probate, saving time and money.

Keeps your affairs private.

Provides clear instructions and control over your assets.

Cons:

Can be more complex and expensive to set up than a will.

Requires diligent management of the trust during your lifetime.

3. Lady Bird Deed

A Lady Bird Deed, also known as an enhanced life estate deed, allows you to transfer your home to your children while retaining control and the right to live in the home during your lifetime. With this deed, you can sell, mortgage, or otherwise deal with the property without needing your children’s permission. Upon your death, the home automatically transfers to your children, bypassing probate.

Pros:

Avoids probate.

Retains control and flexibility during your lifetime.

Potentially avoids gift taxes.

Cons:

Limited to real property.

May not be suitable for all estate planning needs.

4. Joint Ownership with Right of Survivorship

Adding your children as joint owners with the right of survivorship means that upon your death, your share of the home automatically passes to the surviving owner(s) without going through probate. This method is straightforward but has significant implications during your lifetime.

Pros:

Avoids probate.

Simple to set up.

Cons:

Your children immediately gain ownership interest, which can complicate matters if you want to sell or refinance.

Could expose your home to your children's creditors or legal issues.

5. Transfer on Death Deed

Florida law allows for Transfer on Death (TOD) deeds, which designate beneficiaries to receive your home upon your death, bypassing probate. During your lifetime, you retain full ownership and control of the property. The TOD deed is revocable, meaning you can change your beneficiaries or revoke the deed altogether at any time.

Pros:

Avoids probate.

Maintains control and ownership during your lifetime.

Flexible and revocable.

Cons:

Only applicable to real estate.

May require updating if circumstances change (e.g., new children, changes in relationship status).

Choosing the Right Option for You

Selecting the best method for passing down your home to your children depends on several factors, including your financial situation, family dynamics, and personal preferences. Consulting with an experienced estate planning attorney is crucial to navigate these options effectively and ensure your plan aligns with Florida law and your overall estate planning goals.

Tax Considerations

When planning to transfer your home, it’s important to consider the potential tax implications. Florida does not have a state estate tax, but federal estate tax laws may apply depending on the value of your estate. Additionally, the manner in which you transfer your home can have significant income and capital gains tax consequences for your children. For example, receiving property through inheritance (as opposed to gift) may provide a step-up in basis, potentially reducing capital gains taxes if your children decide to sell the home in the future.

The Importance of Professional Guidance

Given the complexities of estate planning and the significant emotional and financial value of your home, professional guidance is invaluable. An estate planning attorney can help you understand the nuances of each option and tailor a plan that best meets your needs and goals. At AtCause Law Office, we specialize in helping Florida homeowners create comprehensive estate plans, ensuring a seamless transfer of assets and peace of mind for you and your loved ones.

Conclusion

Passing down your home to your children is a meaningful way to preserve your legacy. Whether you choose a will, living trust, Lady Bird Deed, joint ownership, or a Transfer on Death Deed, each option has unique benefits and considerations. By carefully planning and seeking professional advice, you can ensure that your home remains a cherished part of your family's future.

For personalized assistance and to explore the best estate planning strategies for your situation, contact AtCause Law Office today. Our experienced attorneys are here to guide you through every step of the process, ensuring your legacy is protected and your wishes are honored.

[mountain-high-philolsophers]

Letter to Parents and Students

Dear Parents,

Teaching sex education in high school is a difficult and contentious subject. Over the past few months there has been been a flurry of controversy and litigation regarding what information should be taught to high schoolers about sex, culminating in the recent Supreme Court case, "Mountain High PhiLOLsophers Club v. Texas"

As most of you are likely aware, last year our state passed a law mandating abstinence only education, but was too politically gridlocked to decide on a specific curriculum. Instead, legislators kicked the can down the road, publishing a checklist of requirements for what was to be taught, and resolving that whatever proposal fit best would be automatically passed into law by AI, with no chance of revocation for the next year. The United States Supreme Court has ruled that the resulting law, a student game called "No Nut November", is in fact legally binding on the state of Texas, and therefore will be played in all public schools beginning next month.

The rules are very simple.

* The objective of this game is to show self control for 30 days.

* To win the game students must neither orgasm, nor insert anything into themselves, for the entire month of November. Any student who makes it through November without "succumbing to temptation" wins the game.

* Any student may ask any other student how long they have lasted. The other student must respond with a number, or with "still going".

* Responding "still going" grants permission for that classmate to flirt.

* The prize for winning is valuable life experience.

* This game is an official school event, and participation is mandatory for all students.

Answers to additional questions may be found in the enclosed student strategy guide, written and assembled by our very own Mountain High PhiLOLsophers club. As per court ruling, we are required to distribute this guide as-is.

Parents wishing to officially excuse or remove their student from the game may send a note. However, parents are advised that such a note is basically meaningless. All students will receive an automatic passing grade for participation, and the rules of the game are enforced by student honor code. Because participation is protected and school staff are uninvolved, there is nothing we can do. Complaints about this should be directed to your local representative, not to school administration.

We wish all our students the best of luck. Please, keep it in your pants.

Jackson Hardy,

School Principal,

Mountain High.

[mostlysignssomeportents]

Good riddance to the Open Gaming License

Last week, Gizmodo’s Linda Codega caught a fantastic scoop — a leaked report of Hasbro’s plan to revoke the decades-old Open Gaming License, which subsidiary Wizards Of the Coast promulgated as an allegedly open sandbox for people seeking to extend, remix or improve Dungeons and Dragons:

https://gizmodo.com/dnd-wizards-of-the-coast-ogl-1-1-open-gaming-license-1849950634

The report set off a shitstorm among D&D fans and the broader TTRPG community — not just because it was evidence of yet more enshittification of D&D by a faceless corporate monopolist, but because Hasbro was seemingly poised to take back the commons that RPG players and designers had built over decades, having taken WOTC and the OGL at their word.

Gamers were right to be worried. Giant companies love to rugpull their fans, tempting them into a commons with lofty promises of a system that we will all have a stake in, using the fans for unpaid creative labor, then enclosing the fans’ work and selling it back to them. It’s a tale as old as CDDB and Disgracenote:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDDB#History

(Disclosure: I am a long-serving volunteer board-member for MetaBrainz, which maintains MusicBrainz, a free, open, community-managed and transparent alternative to Gracenote, explicitly designed to resist the kind of commons-stealing enclosure that led to the CDDB debacle.)

https://musicbrainz.org/

Free/open licenses were invented specifically to prevent this kind of fuckery. First there was the GPL and its successor software licenses, then Creative Commons and its own successors. One important factor in these licenses: they contain the word “irrevocable.” That means that if you build on licensed content, you don’t have to worry about having the license yanked out from under you later. It’s rugproof.

Now, the OGL does not contain the word “irrevocable.” Rather, the OGL is “perpetual.” To a layperson, these two terms may seem interchangeable, but this is one of those fine lawerly distinctions that trip up normies all the time. In lawyerspeak, a “perpetual” license is one whose revocation doesn’t come automatically after a certain time (unlike, say, a one-year car-lease, which automatically terminates at the end of the year). Unless a license is “irrevocable,” the licensor can terminate it whenever they want to.

This is exactly the kind of thing that trips up people who roll their own licenses, and people who trust those licenses. The OGL predates the Creative Commons licenses, but it neatly illustrates the problem with letting corporate lawyers — rather than public-interest nonprofits — unleash “open” licenses on an unsuspecting, legally unsophisticated audience.

The perpetual/irrevocable switcheroo is the least of the problems with the OGL. As Rob Bodine— an actual lawyer, as well as a dice lawyer — wrote back in 2019, the OGL is a grossly defective instrument that is significantly worse than useless.

https://gsllcblog.com/2019/08/26/part3ogl/

The issue lies with what the OGL actually licenses. Decades of copyright maximalism has convinced millions of people that anything you can imagine is “intellectual property,” and that this is indistinguishable from real property, which means that no one can use it without your permission.

The copyrightpilling of the world sets people up for all kinds of scams, because copyright just doesn’t work like that. This wholly erroneous view of copyright grooms normies to be suckers for every sharp grifter who comes along promising that everything imaginable is property-in-waiting (remember SpiceDAO?):

https://onezero.medium.com/crypto-copyright-bdf24f48bf99

Copyright is a lot more complex than “anything you can imagine is your property and that means no one else can use it.” For starters, copyright draws a fundamental distinction between ideas and expression. Copyright does not apply to ideas — the idea, say, of elves and dwarves and such running around a dungeon, killing monsters. That is emphatically not copyrightable.

Copyright also doesn’t cover abstract systems or methods — like, say, a game whose dice-tables follow well-established mathematical formulae to create a “balanced” system for combat and adventuring. Anyone can make one of these, including by copying, improving or modifying an existing one that someone else made. That’s what “uncopyrightable” means.

Finally, there are the exceptions and limitations to copyright — things that you are allowed to do with copyrighted work, without first seeking permission from the creator or copyright’s proprietor. The best-known exception is US law is fair use, a complex doctrine that is often incorrectly characterized as turning on “four factors” that determine whether a use is fair or not.

In reality, the four factors are a starting point that courts are allowed and encouraged to consider when determining the fairness of a use, but some of the most consequential fair use cases in Supreme Court history flunk one, several, or even all of the four factors (for example, the Betamax decision that legalized VCRs in 1984, which fails all four).

Beyond fair use, there are other exceptions and limitations, like the di minimis exemption that allows for incidental uses of tiny fragments of copyrighted work without permission, even if those uses are not fair use. Copyright, in other words, is “fact-intensive,” and there are many ways you can legally use a copyrighted work without a license.

Which brings me back to the OGL, and what, specifically, it licenses. The OGL is a license that only grants you permission to use the things that WOTC can’t copyright — “the game mechanic [including] the methods, procedures, processes and routines.” In other words, the OGL gives you permission to use things you don’t need permission to use.

But maybe the OGL grants you permission to use more things, beyond those things you’re allowed to use anyway? Nope. The OGL specifically exempts:

Product and product line names, logos and identifying marks including trade dress; artifacts; creatures characters; stories, storylines, plots, thematic elements, dialogue, incidents, language, artwork, symbols, designs, depictions, likenesses, formats, poses, concepts, themes and graphic, photographic and other visual or audio representations; names and descriptions of characters, spells, enchantments, personalities, teams, personas, likenesses and special abilities; places, locations, environments, creatures, equipment, magical or supernatural abilities or effects, logos, symbols, or graphic designs; and any other trademark or registered trademark…

Now, there are places where the uncopyrightable parts of D&D mingle with the copyrightable parts, and there’s a legal term for this: merger. Merger came up for gamers in 2018, when the provocateur Robert Hovden got the US Copyright Office to certify copyright in a Magic: The Gathering deck:

https://pluralistic.net/2021/08/14/angels-and-demons/#owning-culture

If you want to learn more about merger, you need to study up on Kregos and Eckes, which are beautifully explained in the “Open Intellectual Property Casebook,” a free resource created by Jennifer Jenkins and James Boyle:

https://web.law.duke.edu/cspd/openip/#q01

Jenkins and Boyle explicitly created their open casebook as an answer to another act of enclosure: a greedy textbook publisher cornered the market on IP textbook and charged every law student — and everyone curious about the law — $200 to learn about merger and other doctrines.

As EFF Senior Staff Attorney Kit Walsh writes in her must-read analysis of the OGL, this means “the only benefit that OGL offers, legally, is that you can copy verbatim some descriptions of some elements that otherwise might arguably rise to the level of copyrightability.”

https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2023/01/beware-gifts-dragons-how-dds-open-gaming-license-may-have-become-trap-creators

But like I said, it’s not just that the OGL fails to give you rights — it actually takes away rights you already have to D&D. That’s because — as Walsh points out — fair use and the other copyright limitations and exceptions give you rights to use D&D content, but the OGL is a contract whereby you surrender those rights, promising only to use D&D stuff according to WOTC’s explicit wishes.

“For example, absent this agreement, you have a legal right to create a work using noncopyrightable elements of D&D or making fair use of copyrightable elements and to say that that work is compatible with Dungeons and Dragons. In many contexts you also have the right to use the logo to name the game (something called “nominative fair use” in trademark law). You can certainly use some of the language, concepts, themes, descriptions, and so forth. Accepting this license almost certainly means signing away rights to use these elements. Like Sauron’s rings of power, the gift of the OGL came with strings attached.”

And here’s where it starts to get interesting. Since the OGL launched in 2000, a huge proportion of game designers have agreed to its terms, tricked into signing away their rights. If Hasbro does go through with canceling the OGL, it will release those game designers from the shitty, deceptive OGL.

According to the leaks, the new OGL is even worse than the original versions — but you don’t have to take those terms! Notwithstanding the fact that the OGL says that “using…Open Game Content” means that you accede to the license terms, that is just not how contracts work.

Walsh: “Contracts require an offer, acceptance, and some kind of value in exchange, called ‘consideration.’ If you sell a game, you are inviting the reader to play it, full stop. Any additional obligations require more than a rote assertion.”

“For someone who wants to make a game that is similar mechanically to Dungeons and Dragons, and even announce that the game is compatible with Dungeons and Dragons, it has always been more advantageous as a matter of law to ignore the OGL.”

Walsh finishes her analysis by pointing to some good licenses, like the GPL and Creative Commons, “written to serve the interests of creative communities, rather than a corporation.” Many open communities — like the programmers who created GNU/Linux, or the music fans who created Musicbrainz, were formed after outrageous acts of enclosure by greedy corporations.

If you’re a game designer who was pissed off because the OGL was getting ganked — and if you’re even more pissed off now that you’ve discovered that the OGL was a piece of shit all along — there’s a lesson there. The OGL tricked a generation of designers into thinking they were building on a commons. They weren’t — but they could.

This is a great moment to start — or contribute to — real open gaming content, licensed under standard, universal licenses like Creative Commons. Rolling your own license has always been a bad idea, comparable to rolling your own encryption in the annals of ways-to-fuck-up-your-own-life-and-the-lives-of-many-others. There is an opportunity here — Hasbro unintentionally proved that gamers want to collaborate on shared gaming systems.

That’s the true lesson here: if you want a commons, you’re not alone. You’ve got company, like Kit Walsh herself, who happens to be a brilliant game-designer who won a Nebula Award for her game “Thirsty Sword Lesbians”:

https://evilhat.com/product/thirsty-sword-lesbians/

[Image ID: A remixed version of David Trampier's 'Eye of Moloch,' the cover of the first edition of the AD&D Player's Handbook. It has been altered so the title reads 'Advanced Copyright Fuckery. Unclear on the Concept. That's Just Not How Licenses Work. No, Seriously.' The eyes of the idol have been replaced by D20s displaying a critical fail '1.' Its chest bears another D20 whose showing face is a copyright symbol.]

[everythingroyalty]

Can you tell me the background story on the revocation of the titles of 4 danish prince/ss? I'm not Danish, Hungarian, I don't really understand, but I'm interested. Parents were not working royals, could this be the reason?

I don't think anyone outside the family really can 🤷‍♀️ I can speculate but at the end of the day, that's all it's gonna be: speculation 😅

As ridiculous as it sounds, the court actually maintains that J&M are working royals 🙈 Which, let's be real, probably hasn't helped the situation as it has clearly made J&M feel they and their family was more... for lack of a better word, essential to the institution than QMII feels they are.

Personally, I think there are multiple reasons for removing the titles at play. First, I think it was an inelegant way of dealing with a long-term problem. I've mentioned before that they would have to deal with the titles of Joachim's descendants sooner or later because under the current precedent, the three boys at least would have been able to pass their princely titles on so long as they obtained permission to marry. I think QMII wanted to spare Frederik (and potentially herself) the job of having to be like "permission.... not granted 🥴 don't take it personally ✌️" but obviously the more elegant way would've been to let the kids retain their titles but add a remainder that future spouses and children would only be count/esses of Monpezat. To add to the confusion, they clearly can't make out their own protocols within the DRF itself because apaz Joachim's family was under the impression that his children would automatically lose their titles upon marriage but there's zero precedence for that.

Second, I think QMII genuinely thinks she's done the kids a favour. I think it's important to keep in mind that she herself had the chance to pursue her own dreams "taken away" when she became her father's heir at 13. She has never complained about it but she has said that if things had "worked out differently", she imagines she would have studied archaeology. I don't think QMII sees titles as outright burdens in the negative sense but I do think she feels they tie you down in a way that doesn't necessarily allow you to follow your dreams. Especially as at 13, she was old enough to have formed ideas of what she'd like to do with her life and then the new Act of Succession came along and sort of ruined those ideas.

And third, as you sort of mention and as I think I've mentioned before as well, their work status. J&M haven't made themselves essential to the institution. If they had a work ethic like, say, Princess Anne, it would've been much harder for QMII and her people to argue that stripping the kids of their titles was reasonable. As others have mentioned, the writing was already sort of on the wall when neither Nikolai or Felix were given the Order of the Elephant on their 18th birthdays. And like with their relocation to Paris and seemingly also the decision to implement the changes to all the kids at the same time, J&M sort of made their own bed. You can't drag your feet and hope for the best. You need to be proactive, no one else is doing it for you 🤷‍♀️

[hellychatmedia]

Term of Service

We’re excited you’ve decided to use Helly, all of which we refer to simply as the ‘Services.’ We’ve drafted these Terms of Service (which we call the ‘Terms’) so you’ll know the rules that govern our relationship with you.

By using the Services, you agree to the Terms. Of course, if you don’t agree with them, then don’t use the Services.

Who Can Use the Services

No one under 18 is allowed to create an account or use the Services. We may offer additional Services with additional terms that may require you to be even older to use them. So please read all terms carefully.

By using the Services, you state that:

You can form a binding contract with Helly.

You will comply with these Terms and all applicable local, state, national, and international laws, rules, and regulations.

If you are using the Services on behalf of a business or some other entity, you state that you are authorized to grant all licenses set forth in these Terms and to agree to these Terms on behalf of the business or entity.

Rights We Grant You

Helly grants you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable, nonexclusive, revocable, and non-sublicensable license to access and use the Services. This license is for the sole purpose of letting you use and enjoy the Services’ benefits in a way that these Terms and our usage policies, such as our Community Guidelines, allow.

Any software that we provide you may automatically download and install upgrades, updates, or other new features. You may be able to adjust these automatic downloads through your device’s settings.

You may not copy, modify, distribute, sell, or lease any part of our Services, nor may you reverse engineer or attempt to extract the source code of that software, unless applicable laws prohibit these restrictions or you have our written permission to do so.

Rights You Grant Us

Many of our Services let you create, upload, post, send, receive, and store content. When you do that, you retain whatever ownership rights in that content you had to begin with. But you grant us a license to use that content. How broad that license is depends on which Services you use and the Settings you have selected.

For all Services other than Live, and any other crowd-sourced Service, you grant Helly a worldwide, royalty-free, sublicensable, and transferable license to host, store, use, display, reproduce, modify, adapt, edit, publish, and distribute that content. This license is for the limited purpose of operating, developing, providing, promoting, and improving the Services and researching and developing new ones.

Because Live, and any other crowd-sourced Services are inherently public and chronicle matters of public interest, the license you grant us for content submitted to those Services is broader. In addition to granting us the rights mentioned in the previous paragraph, you also grant us a perpetual license to create derivative works from, promote, exhibit, broadcast, syndicate, sublicense, publicly perform, and publicly display content submitted to Live, or any other crowd-sourced Services in any form and in any and all media or distribution methods (now known or later developed). To the extent it’s necessary, when you appear in, create, upload, post, or send Live, or other crowd-sourced content, you also grant Helly and our business partners the unrestricted, worldwide, perpetual right and license to use your name, likeness, and voice. This means, among other things, that you will not be entitled to any compensation from helly or our business partners if your name, likeness, or voice is conveyed through Live, or other crowd-sourced Services, either on the Helly application or on one of our business partner’s platforms.

For more information about how to tailor who can watch your content, please take a look at our Privacy Policy.

While we’re not required to do so, we may access, review, screen, and delete your content at any time and for any reason, including if we think your content violates these Terms. You alone, though, remain responsible for the content you create, upload, post, send, or store through the Service.

The Services may contain advertisements. In consideration for Helly letting you access and use the Services, you agree that we, our affiliates, and our third-party partners may place advertising on the Services. Because the Services contain content that you and other users provide us, advertising may sometimes appear near your content.

We always love to hear from our users. But if you volunteer feedback or suggestions, just know that we can use your ideas without compensating you.

The Content of Others

Much of the content on our Services is produced by users, publishers, and other third parties. Whether that content is posted publicly or sent privately, the content is the sole responsibility of the person or organization that submitted it. Although Helly reserves the right to review all content that appears on the Services and to remove any content that violates these Terms, we do not necessarily review all of it. So we cannot—and do not—take responsibility for any content that others provide through the Services.

Through these Terms and our Community Guidelines, we make clear that we do not want the Services put to bad uses. But because we do not review all content, we cannot guarantee that content on the Services will always conform to our Terms or Guidelines.

Privacy

Your privacy matters to us. You can learn how we handle your information when you use our Services by reading our Privacy Policy. We encourage you to give the Privacy Policy a careful look because, by using our Services, you agree that Helly can collect, use, and transfer your information consistent with that policy.

Respecting Other People's Rights

Helly respects the rights of others. And so should you. You therefore may not upload, post, send, or store content that:

violates or infringes someone else’s rights of publicity, privacy, copyright, trademark, or other intellectual-property right.

bullies, harasses, or intimidates.

defames.

spams or solicits our users.

You must also respect Helly’s rights. These Terms do not grant you any right to:

use branding, logos, designs, photographs, videos, or any other materials used in our Services.

copy, archive, download, upload, distribute, syndicate, broadcast, perform, display, make available, or otherwise use any portion of the Services or the content on the Services except as set forth in these Terms.

use the Services, any tools provided by the Services, or any content on the Services for any commercial purposes without our consent.

In short: You may not use the Services or the content on the Services in ways that are not authorized by these Terms. Nor may you help anyone else in doing so.

Safety

We try hard to keep our Services a safe place for all users. But we can’t guarantee it. That’s where you come in. By using the Services, you agree that:

You will not use the Services for any purpose that is illegal or prohibited in these Terms.

You will not use any robot, spider, crawler, scraper, or other automated means or interface to access the Services or extract other user’s information.

You will not use or develop any third-party applications that interact with the Services or other users’ content or information without our written consent.

You will not use the Services in a way that could interfere with, disrupt, negatively affect, or inhibit other users from fully enjoying the Services, or that could damage, disable, overburden, or impair the functioning of the Services.

You will not use or attempt to use another user’s account, username, or password without their permission.

You will not solicit login credentials from another user.

You will not post content that contains pornography, graphic violence, threats, hate speech, or incitements to violence.

You will not upload viruses or other malicious code or otherwise compromise the security of the Services.

You will not attempt to circumvent any content-filtering techniques we employ, or attempt to access areas or features of the Services that you are not authorized to access.

You will not probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of our Services or any system or network.

You will not encourage or promote any activity that violates these Terms. We also care about your safety while using our Services. So do not use our Services in a way that would distract you from obeying traffic or safety laws. For example, never live video chat and drive. And never put yourself or others in harm’s way just to capture a photo.

Your Account

You are responsible for any activity that occurs in your Helly account. So it’s important that you keep your account secure. One way to do that is to select a strong password that you don’t use for any other account.

By using the Services, you agree that, in addition to exercising common sense:

You will not create more than one account for yourself.

You will not create another account if we have already disabled your account, unless you have our written permission to do so.

You will not buy, sell, rent, or lease access to your Helly account, a Helly username, or a friend link without our written permission.

You will not share your password.

You will not log in or attempt to access the Services through unauthorized third-party applications or clients.

If you think that someone has gained access to your account, please immediately reach out to suppport@helly.com

Third-Party Services

If you use a service, feature, or functionality that is operated by a third party and made available through our Services (including Services we jointly offer with the third party), each party’s terms will govern the respective party’s relationship with you. Helly is not responsible or liable for a third party’s terms or actions taken under the third party’s terms.

Features of the Service - Virtual Items

Virtual currency, together with Gifts, are hereafter collectively referred to as 'Virtual Items.”The purchase of any Virtual Items must be made lawfully, under legitimate means, and with actual currency. Any Virtual Items obtained illegally or fraudulently will result in suspension, freeze or termination of User account. Notwithstanding your purchase or possession of such Virtual Items, you do not in fact 'own' the Virtual Items, and the amounts of any Virtual Item do not refer to any credit balance of real currency or its equivalent. Rather, Company grants you a limited licence to use the Service, including software programs that may manifest themselves as these items.

By your use of the Service, and particularly Virtual Items, you agree that our distribution of any Virtual Items currently in your account (i.e. as a virtual 'tip' to any other User's account) may result in some revenue to such recipient User, as determined in Company's sole discretion, and is made solely at your own discretion; Once you have confirmed a transfer of any Virtual Item to another user's account, the action cannot be undone and the Virtual Item cannot be withdrawn. Notwithstanding, Company makes no guarantee that the amount or value of the Virtual Items you may give a User will correlate to the revenue such User may receive from us when they cash-out.

The purchase of Virtual Items is a completed transaction upon Company's confirmation of electronic payment from you via the iTunes App Store or Google Play. Any virtual currency balance shown in your User Account does not constitute a real world balance or reflect any stored value, but instead constitutes a measurement of the extent of your licence to the Virtual Items within the Service. You will not be able to sell Virtual Items in exchange for virtual or real currency credited back to your User Account, nor will you be able to receive a refund (“Refund”) of virtual or real currency for Virtual Items (including any virtual currency), including if your access to the Service has been suspended, limited or terminated pursuant to these Terms.

We determine the value (i.e. the exchange rate) of the Virtual Items in our sole discretion, based on your country of origin, and we have the right to modify the purchase exchange rate between actual currency and Virtual Cards from time to time, with or without reason, in our sole discretion. By your use of the Service, you confirm your understanding of and agree to accept the then-current exchange rate of any Virtual Items at the time of your purchase.

By your use of the service, you agree that your use of any purchased Virtual Items shall be solely for legitimate purposes within the Service, and that such use will comply with all applicable laws at all times (i.e. no exchanging of Virtual Items for any activity, product, conduct or services deemed unauthorised by these Terms or our Community Policy).

By your use of the Service and particularly Virtual Items, you confirm your understanding that the purchase of Virtual Items requires actual money. If you disagree with any part of, or do not fully understand our exchange rate policy, do not purchase or use any Virtual Items in connection with the Service, or terminate your account.

By your use of the Service and particularly Virtual Items, you confirm your understanding that we may change, modify or update these Terms, or the terms of sale in connection with the Virtual Items from time to time, and that such revised terms will apply to all subsequent purchases of any Virtual Items, and you agree that you will review these Terms and any terms regarding the sale of Virtual Items prior to making any purchase.

In the event your account balance is incorrect due to system maintenance or other technical failures as determined solely by us, we agree to make all necessary corrections and adjustments with respect to your account balance. If you have any questions, concerns or suggestions regarding purchases and/or payments regarding the Service, you may contact us.

Confiscation of Virtual Items Due to Termination or Fraud

IMPORTANT: We take fraud extremely seriously. In addition to taking any applicable and necessary legal action, we have the right to permanently confiscate any Virtual Items from any User Account that we determine were purchased or acquired using fraudulent means; this includes confiscation of any Virtual Gifts received by you from another User in which such Virtual Gifts were purchased fraudulently. In the event we determine that any Virtual Items in your possession were fraudulently purchased, we will notify you prior to confiscation and allow you an opportunity to make an appeal via the app.

If we terminate your account for fraud, any outstanding Virtual Items remaining in your account at the time of termination may be irrevocably confiscated, accordance with our Account Termination Policy specified below.

Modifying the Services and Termination

We’re relentlessly improving our Services and creating new ones all the time. That means we may add or remove features, products, or functionalities, and we may also suspend or stop the Services altogether. We may take any of these actions at any time, and when we do, we may not provide you with any notice beforehand.

While we hope you remain a lifelong Helly user, you can terminate these Terms at any time and for any reason by deleting your account.

Helly may also terminate these Terms with you at any time, for any reason, and without advanced notice. That means that we may stop providing you with any Services, or impose new or additional limits on your ability to use the Services. For example, we may deactivate your account due to prolonged inactivity, and we may reclaim your username at any time for any reason.

Disclaimers

We try to keep the Services up and running and free of annoyances. But we make no promises that we will succeed.

THE SERVICES ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” AND TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN ADDITION, WHILE Helly ATTEMPTS TO PROVIDE A GOOD USER EXPERIENCE, WE DO NOT REPRESENT OR WARRANT THAT: (A) THE SERVICES WILL ALWAYS BE SECURE, ERROR-FREE, OR TIMELY; (B) THE SERVICES WILL ALWAYS FUNCTION WITHOUT DELAYS, DISRUPTIONS, OR IMPERFECTIONS; OR (C) THAT ANY CONTENT, USER CONTENT, OR INFORMATION YOU OBTAIN ON OR THROUGH THE SERVICES WILL BE TIMELY OR ACCURATE.

Helly TAKES NO RESPONSIBILITY AND ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR ANY CONTENT THAT YOU, ANOTHER USER, OR A THIRD PARTY CREATES, UPLOADS, POSTS, SENDS, RECEIVES, OR STORES ON OR THROUGH OUR SERVICES. YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT YOU MAY BE EXPOSED TO CONTENT THAT MIGHT BE OFFENSIVE, ILLEGAL, MISLEADING, OR OTHERWISE INAPPROPRIATE, NONE OF WHICH Helly WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR.

Severability

If any provision of these Terms is found unenforceable, then that provision will be severed from these Terms and not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions.

Additional Terms for Specific Services

Given the breadth of our Services, we sometimes need to craft additional terms and conditions for specific Services. Those additional terms and conditions, which will be available with the relevant Services, then become part of your agreement with us if you use those Services.

Contact Us

Helly welcomes comments, questions, concerns, or suggestions. If you have any questions about this Terms, please contact us at support@helly.com.

[gielarowskilawfirm12]

DUI & DWI In Colorado

Colorado has two levels of alcohol-related driving offenses, and both are based on the measurement of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in the body.

Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs (DUI).

Driving While Ability is Impaired (DWAI).

Colorado BAC Limits

Simply put, blood alcohol concentration is how much alcohol is pulsing through your blood after you drink.

The legal limit BAC for drivers over 21 years old is 0.08%, while the limit for drivers under 21 years old is 0.02%.

DWAI has a limit of 0.05%.

Administrative Penalties

In Colorado the Division of Motor Vehicles has the legal authority to suspend your license for DUI and DWAI regardless of any criminal charges you may face through the courts. These penalties, known as Administrative Penalties, can cause an automatic suspension of your driver’s license as well as fees and points depending on the offense.

DWAI 1st Offense: 8 points toward license suspension; $200 to $1500 fine; up to 1 year in jail; up to 96 hours community service.

DUI 1st Offense: Administrative license revocation for 9 months; $600 to $1,000 fine; up to 1 year in jail; up to 96 hours community service; alcohol education.

DUI/DWAI 1st offense under 21 years old: Drivers license suspended 3 months up to 1 year and 4 points added to driving record.

The penalties increase substantially for repeated offenses and, in some cases, you may be required to install an ignition interlock device on your car. The only way to challenge Administrative penalties is to request an alcohol hearing.

You have 7 days after receiving a revocation/suspension notice to request a hearing.

Alcohol Hearings

You have 7 days after receiving a revocation/suspension notice to request a hearing. You must go in person to the DMV to put in a request. You will also be required to turn over your license if you did not do so at the time of the violation. You may also be eligible for a temporary driving permit while you wait for your hearing. For more information about alcohol hearings please call Customer Service at (303) 205-5613 or the Department of Revenue’s Hearings Division at (303) 205-5606

An Arrest

If you fail the roadside sobriety test, which could entail anything from standing on one leg while answering a barrage of questions to touching your nose and walking a straight line, you will be read your rights.

You will be handcuffed and taken to a city or county jail.

A tow truck will take your car and impound it.

Criminal Penalties

The CDOT offers a line item assessment in an informative brochure of what a DUI costs the individual charged with a first offense. The total comes to over $10,000 and includes lawyer fees, rising insurance rates, fees to get a license back, probation supervision fees, all the way down to the brain injury surcharge and court costs. This figure is based on the minimum fine. It is easy to see that drinking and driving is not worth any cost.

Refusing a BAC Test

Express Consent Law: By operating a motor vehicle in the state of Colorado you are automatically giving “express consent” or granting permission to be administered a chemical test by breath, blood, or urine to measure your blood alcohol content. If a law enforcement officer requires you to take a test because of suspected drinking and driving and you refuse, you will be required to have an Ignition Interlock for 2 years. As of January 1st 2014 refusing a chemical test automatically gets you a Persistent Drunk Driver designation.

Zero Tolerance: Drivers under 21 years old with a BAC between 0.02% and 0.05% face automatic revocation of their license.

Buy and Possess: If you are under 21 years old and get caught with alcohol in the vehicle, you will have your license revoked.

For more information on DUIs and BAC consult the Colorado Driver Handbook or visit the Department of Transportation website.

Ignition Interlock Device

You may be allowed an early reinstatement after an Administrative license suspension by having a Ignition Interlock Device (IID) installed in your vehicle. This can only be done after serving a portion of your suspension. The length of time depends on the type and number of violations. You must also:

Over 21 years old at the time of the violation.

Satisfied all requirements for reinstatement.

Completed at least 1 month of a a DUI conviction or Administrative driver’s license suspension.

OR

Completed at least 2 months for a Refusal of a BAC test.

The annual cost for an IID is about $1,000. The IID MUST be installed and maintained by a state approved vendor in order to be valid. If you wish to know if you may be eligible for an early reinstatement with an IID you can call Customer Service at (303) 205-5613.

Driver’s License Reinstatement

Once your suspension time is completed, with or without an IID, the DMV will send you a letter with steps to take to purchase an Unrestricted License. Before you are able to get a new license you must complete all the conditions of your suspension including all fees and program classes required. When you are eligible for a new license you will be required to fill out a Application for Reinstatement (Form DR 2870) and a Certification (Form DR 2598). You will also have to pay the $95 reinstatement fee and show proof of insurance (SR 22) for up to 3 years. The length a SR 22 is required will depend on the type and number of violations.

If you are looking for more information go to this link lawyers near me Colorado Springs.

[computingpostcom]

Motivation The management of secrets in an organisation holds a special place in the running of day to day activities of the business. All the way from access to the building down to securing personal and confidential documents in laptops or computers, secrets continually show up which speaks about the importance secrets wield not only in our personal lives but in the highways of businesses. A secret is anything that you want to tightly control access to, such as API encryption keys, passwords, or certificates. Taking it away from there, most applications in the current era are going towards the micro-services way and Kubernetes has come strong as the best platform to host the applications designed in this new paradigm. Kubernetes brought about new opportunities and a suite of challenges at the same time. It brought about agility, self healing, ease of scalability, ease of deployment and a good way of running decoupled systems. Now comes the issue of secrets and Kubernetes provides a way of managing them natively. The only problem with it is that it works if the workloads being run are few or the team managing the cluster is relatively small. When the applications being spawned are in the range of hundreds, it becomes difficult to manage secrets in that manner. Moreover, the native Kubernetes secrets engine lacks the capability of encryption which brings an issue of security to the fore. HashiCorp Vault is a secrets management solution that is strongly designed to provide the management of secrets at scale, with ease and it integrates well with a myriad of other tools Kubernetes included. It is an identity-based secrets and encryption management system. Let us see the features Vault comes with: Features of Vault The key features of Vault are: Source Vault Documentation Secure Secret Storage: Arbitrary key/value secrets can be stored in Vault. Vault encrypts these secrets prior to writing them to persistent storage, so gaining access to the raw storage isn’t enough to access your secrets. Vault can write to disk, Consul, and more. Dynamic Secrets: Vault can generate secrets on-demand for some systems, such as AWS or SQL databases. For example, when an application needs to access an S3 bucket, it asks Vault for credentials, and Vault will generate an AWS key-pair with valid permissions on demand. After creating these dynamic secrets, Vault will also automatically revoke them after the lease is up. Data Encryption: Vault can encrypt and decrypt data without storing it. This allows security teams to define encryption parameters and developers to store encrypted data in a location such as SQL without having to design their own encryption methods. Leasing and Renewal: All secrets in Vault have a lease associated with them. At the end of the lease, Vault will automatically revoke that secret. Clients are able to renew leases via built-in renew APIs. Revocation: Vault has built-in support for secret revocation. Vault can revoke not only single secrets, but a tree of secrets, for example all secrets read by a specific user, or all secrets of a particular type. Revocation assists in key rolling as well as locking down systems in the case of an intrusion. Project Pre-requisites BitBucket account BitBucket Pipelines already setup Docker or any tool to create images like Podman, Buildah etc Existing Google Cloud Credentials (json) in BitBucket Environment variable An existing Google Cloud Bucket for Terraform Backend (where it will keep state) We will create terraform scripts, push it to BitBucket whence BitBucket pipelines will take over and deploy vault in Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) using the image we will build. Installation of Vault Cluster in Google Kubernetes Engine We can now embark on setting up Vault on an existing Google Kubernetes Engine via Helm, BitBucket pipelines and Terraform. The following are the steps that will get you up and running. Some parts are optional in case you do not use BitBucket pipelines in your setup.

Step 1: Prepare Terraform and Google SDK Image In this step we are going to create a Docker image that has Terraform and Google Cloud SKD and then host it in DockerHub so that BitBucket can pull and use it while deploying the infrastructure. First let us create Dockerfile file and populate it with the following. We will use Google’s cloudsdk image as the base then add Terraform. $ vim Dockerfile FROM gcr.io/google.com/cloudsdktool/cloud-sdk:alpine ENV TERRAFORM_VERSION=1.0.10 # Installing terraform RUN apk --no-cache add curl unzip && \ cd /tmp && \ curl -o /tmp/terraform.zip https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/$TERRAFORM_VERSION/terraform_$TERRAFORM_VERSION_linux_amd64.zip && \ unzip /tmp/terraform.zip && \ cp /tmp/terraform /usr/local/bin && \ chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/terraform && \ rm /tmp/terraform /tmp/terraform.zip After that, let us build and tag the image. Make sure the Dockerfile file is in the same place you are running this command. docker build -label imagename . Tag the image docker tag imagename penchant/cloudsdk-terraform:latest Then push it to public DockerHub or any registry you prefer docker push penchant/cloudsdk-terraform:latest And we are done with the first part Step 2: Prepare Terraform and Helm scripts In order to avoid re-inventing the wheel, this project heavily borrows from a project already in GitHub by mohsinrz. We are grateful and celebrate them for the fine work they have done. We will clone the project and then customise it to befit our environment. cd ~ git clone https://github.com/mohsinrz/vault-gke-raft.git Since we already have a GKE Cluster, we will not use the module geared towards creating one. We will further disable the use of certificates because BitBucket uses an ephemeral container and will not be able to store certificates in it and we will have trouble joining vault workers to the leader later. We will add GCP bucket to store Terraform state so that we can track changes in the what we will be deploying. Add the following in the “main.yaml” file. Ensure that the bucket name already exists in GCP. $ cd ~/vault-gke-raft $ vim main.tf ## Disable the gke cluster module if you have on already #module "gke-cluster" # source = "./modules/google-gke-cluster/" # credentials_file = var.credentials_file # region = var.region # project_id = "project-id" # cluster_name = "dev-cluster-1" # cluster_location = "us-central1-a" # network = "projects/$var.project_id/global/networks/default" # subnetwork = "projects/$var.project_id/regions/$var.region/subnetworks/default" # initial_node_count = var.cluster_node_count # module "tls" source = "./modules/gke-tls" hostname = "*.vault-internal" module "vault" source = "./modules/gke-vault" num_vault_pods = var.num_vault_pods #cluster_endpoint = module.gke-cluster.endpoint #cluster_cert = module.gke-cluster.ca_certificate vault_tls_ca = module.tls.ca_cert vault_tls_cert = module.tls.cert vault_tls_key = module.tls.key terraform backend "gcs" bucket = "terraform-state-bucket" credentials = "gcloud-api-key.json" Another modification we shall make is disable TLS because in our setup, an ephemeral container in BitBucket will provision our infrastructure and some of the certificates are meant to be stored where terraform is running. So we get to lose the certificates after the deployment is done. To disable, navigate to the modules folder and into the vault directory module. Then edit the “vault.tf” file and make it like below. Changes made are: we changed tlsDisable field to true from false we changed VAULT_ADDR environment variable from https to http

we commented/removed VAULT_CACERT environment variable we changed tls_disable field from 0 to 1 we changed VAULT_ADDR from 127.0.0.1 to 0.0.0.0 And removed the certificate paths under listener block The same has been updated in the file below. $ cd ~/vault-gke-raft/modules/vault $ vim vault.tf resource "helm_release" "vault" ui = true listener "tcp" #changed tls_disable field from 0 to 1 #tls_disable = 0 tls_disable = 1 address = "[::]:8200" cluster_address = "[::]:8201" #removed the certificate paths here #tls_cert_file = "/vault/userconfig/vault-tls/vault.crt" #tls_key_file = "/vault/userconfig/vault-tls/vault.key" #tls_client_ca_file = "/vault/userconfig/vault-tls/vault.ca" storage "raft" path = "/vault/data" ui: enabled: true serviceType: "LoadBalancer" serviceNodePort: null externalPort: 8200 EOF ] We will make one more modification that will enable Kubernetes provider to communicate with GKE API. Navigate to the modules folder and into the vault module directory. Then edit the “provider.tf” file. We have added details of the GKE cluster that already exists and used the values in the Kubernetes provider. We commented the one that we fetched from the repo and added the new one as shown below. The helm provider has been edited as well by updating the host, token and cluster ca certificate with what already exists. $ cd ~/vault-gke-raft/modules/vault $ vim provider.tf data "google_client_config" "provider" data "google_container_cluster" "cluster-name" name = "cluster-name" location = "us-central1-a" project = "project-name" # This file contains all the interactions with Kubernetes provider "kubernetes" #host = google_container_cluster.vault.endpoint host = "https://$data.google_container_cluster.dev_cluster_1.endpoint" token = data.google_client_config.provider.access_token cluster_ca_certificate = base64decode( data.google_container_cluster.dev_cluster_1.master_auth[0].cluster_ca_certificate, ) #provider "kubernetes" # host = var.cluster_endpoint # token = data.google_client_config.current.access_token # # cluster_ca_certificate = base64decode( # var.cluster_cert, # ) # provider "helm" kubernetes #host = var.cluster_endpoint host = "https://$data.google_container_cluster.dev_cluster_1.endpoint" #token = data.google_client_config.current.access_token token = data.google_client_config.provider.access_token cluster_ca_certificate = base64decode(data.google_container_cluster.dev_cluster_1.master_auth[0].cluster_ca_certificate, ) After we are done editing the files, let us clone vault-helm in the root directory that will deploy the entire infrastructure for us at a go via terraform helm provider cd ~/vault-gke-raft git clone https://github.com/hashicorp/vault-helm Step 3: Create BitBucket pipelines file In this step, we are going to create and populate the BitBucket pipelines file that will steer our deployment. As you can see, we are using the image we pushed to DockerHub in Step 1. $ cd ~ $ vim bitbucket-pipelines.yaml image: penchant/cloudsdk-terraform:latest ## The image pipelines: branches: vault: - step: name: Deploy to Vault Namespace deployment: production script: - cd install-vault # I placed my files in this directory in the root of the files - export TAG=$(git log -1 --pretty=%h) - echo $GCLOUD_API_KEYFILE | base64 -d > ./gcloud-api-key.json - gcloud auth activate-service-account --key-file gcloud-api-key.json - export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=gcloud-api-key.json - gcloud config set project - gcloud container clusters get-credentials --zone= --project - terraform init

- terraform plan -out create_vault - terraform apply -auto-approve create_vault services: - docker Step 4: Initialise cluster by creating the leader node/pod After installing vault cluster via terraform and helm, it is time to bootstrap the cluster and unseal it. Initialise the cluster by making vault-0 node as the leader then we can unseal it and then later join the rest of the nodes to the cluster and unseal them as well. Initialize the cluster by making node vault-0 as the leader as shown follows: $ kubectl exec -ti vault-0 -n vault -- vault operator init Unseal Key 1: 9LphBlg31dBKuVCoOYRW+zXrS5zpuGeaFDdCWV3x6C9Y Unseal Key 2: zfWTzDo9nDUIDLuqRAc4cVih1XzuZW8iEolc914lrMyS Unseal Key 3: 2O3QUiio8x5W+IJq+4ze45Q3INL1Ek/2cHDiNHb3vXIz Unseal Key 4: DoPBFgPte+Xh6L/EljPc79ZT2mYwQL6IAeDTLiBefwPV Unseal Key 5: OW1VTaXIMDt0Q57STeI4mTh1uBFPJ2JvmS2vgYAFuCPJ Initial Root Token: s.rLs6ycvvg97pQNnvnvzNZgAJ Vault initialized with 5 key shares and a key threshold of 3. Please securely distribute the key shares printed above. When the Vault is re-sealed, restarted, or stopped, you must supply at least 3 of these keys to unseal it before it can start servicing requests. Vault does not store the generated master key. Without at least 3 keys to reconstruct the master key, Vault will remain permanently sealed! It is possible to generate new unseal keys, provided you have a quorum of existing unseal keys shares. See "vault operator rekey" for more information. Now we have the keys and the root token. We will use the keys to unseal the nodes and join every node to the cluster. Step 5: Unsealing the leader node/pod We will use the unseal keys from the output of above command in Step 4 to unseal Vault as shown below. Run the command three times and supply the keys in the order they have been generated above. After running the command, you will be presented with a prompt where you are required to enter one of the seals generated above. Simply copy and paste one of them and hit enter. $ kubectl exec -ti vault-0 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 1/3 Unseal Nonce f4c34433-6ef1-59ca-c1c9-1a6cc0dfabff Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true Run it the second time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-0 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 2/3 Unseal Nonce f4c34433-6ef1-59ca-c1c9-1a6cc0dfabff Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true Run it again the third time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-0 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed false Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft Cluster Name vault-cluster-3d108027 Cluster ID a75de185-7b51-6045-20ca-5a25ca9d9e70 HA Enabled true HA Cluster n/a HA Mode standby Active Node Address Raft Committed Index 24 Raft Applied Index 24 For now, we have not added the remaining four nodes/pods of vault statefulsets into the cluster. If you check the status of the pods, you will see the they are not ready. Let us confirm that. $ kubectl get pods -n vault NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE vault-0 1/1 Running 0 14m

vault-1 0/1 Running 0 14m vault-2 0/1 Running 0 14m vault-3 0/1 Running 0 14m vault-4 0/1 Running 0 14m vault-agent-injector-5c8f78854d-twllz 1/1 Running 0 14m As you can see, vault-1 through to vault-4 are not ready (0/1) Step 6: Add the rest of the nodes to the cluster and Unsealing them This is the step where we are going to add each one of them to the cluster step by step. The procedure is as follows: Add a node to the cluster Then unseal it using the number of threshold shown in the status command above (kubectl exec -ti vault-0 -n vault — vault status). It is 3 in this example. This means we will run the unseal command three times for each node. When you are unsealing, use the same keys that we used for the node 1 above. Let us get rolling. Join the other nodes to the cluster starting with vault-1 node. $ kubectl exec -ti vault-1 -n vault -- vault operator raft join --address "http://vault-1.vault-internal:8200" "http://vault-0.vault-internal:8200" Key Value --- ----- Joined true After it has successfully joined, unseal the node three times. ## First Time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-1 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 1/3 Unseal Nonce 188f79d8-a87f-efdf-4186-73327ade371a Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true ## Second Time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-1 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 2/3 Unseal Nonce 188f79d8-a87f-efdf-4186-73327ade371a Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true ## Third Time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-1 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 0/3 Unseal Nonce n/a Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true Then join node vault-2 to the cluster and then unseal it just like it was done in node vault-1 $ kubectl exec -ti vault-2 -n vault -- vault operator raft join --address "http://vault-2.vault-internal:8200" "http://vault-0.vault-internal:8200" Key Value --- ----- Joined true Unseal node vault-2 three times entering one of the 3 keys on each run ##First Time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-2 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 1/3 Unseal Nonce 60ab7a6a-e7dc-07c8-e73c-11c55bafc199 Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true ##Second time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-2 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 2/3 Unseal Nonce 60ab7a6a-e7dc-07c8-e73c-11c55bafc199 Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true ##Third Time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-2 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- -----

Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 0/3 Unseal Nonce n/a Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true Do the same for the remaining pods/nodes in your cluster that are still not ready. Simply check your pods as follows $ kubectl get pods -n vault NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE vault-0 1/1 Running 0 14m vault-1 1/1 Running 0 14m vault-2 1/1 Running 0 14m vault-3 0/1 Running 0 14m vault-4 0/1 Running 0 14m vault-agent-injector-5c8f78854d-twllz 1/1 Running 0 14m The ones with 0/1 are not yet ready so join them to the cluster and unseal them. Add Node vault-3 $ kubectl exec -ti vault-3 -n vault -- vault operator raft join --address "http://vault-3.vault-internal:8200" "http://vault-0.vault-internal:8200" Key Value --- ----- Joined true Unseal Node vault-3 three times again. ##First Time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-3 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 1/3 Unseal Nonce 733264c0-bfc6-6869-a3dc-167e642ad624 Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true ##Second Time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-3 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 2/3 Unseal Nonce 733264c0-bfc6-6869-a3dc-167e642ad624 Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true ##Third Time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-3 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 0/3 Unseal Nonce n/a Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true Add Node vault-4 $ kubectl exec -ti vault-4 -n vault -- vault operator raft join --address "http://vault-4.vault-internal:8200" "http://vault-0.vault-internal:8200" Key Value --- ----- Joined true Unseal Node vault-4 three times once more. ##First Time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-4 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 1/3 Unseal Nonce 543e3a67-28f9-9730-86ae-4560d48c2f2e Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true ##Second Time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-4 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 2/3 Unseal Nonce 543e3a67-28f9-9730-86ae-4560d48c2f2e Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true ##Third Time $ kubectl exec -ti vault-4 -n vault -- vault operator unseal Unseal Key (will be hidden): Key Value --- ----- Seal Type shamir Initialized true Sealed true Total Shares 5 Threshold 3 Unseal Progress 0/3 Unseal Nonce n/a

Version 1.8.4 Storage Type raft HA Enabled true Now lets check our pods $ kubectl get pods -n vault NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE vault-0 1/1 Running 0 32m vault-1 1/1 Running 0 32m vault-2 1/1 Running 0 32m vault-3 1/1 Running 0 32m vault-4 1/1 Running 0 32m vault-agent-injector-5c8f78854d-twllz 1/1 Running 0 32m Beautiful. You can see that all of them are successfully ready. And we are finally done with our vault ha cluster setup in GKE platform. Next, we shall cover how to authenticate to Kubernetes/GKE, create secrets then launch a sample app and inject secrets to the pod via sidecar model. Use Vault-Agent sidecar to inject Secrets in Vault to Kubernetes Pod We hope the document provides insight and has been helpful for your use case. In case you have an idea of how to auto-unseal, kindly point us in the right direction as well. Lastly, the tremendous support and messages we continue to receive is a blessing and we pray that you continue to prosper in your various endeavours as you change the world. Have an amazing end year season and keep at it, keep the safety and may your hard work yield the fruits you desire .

[bersaiv]

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[uk-news-talking-politics]

Brexit A-Z: Your quick-and-easy guide to the most complicated debate in British politics

By James Ball Brexit is horrible combination of things: Important, complicated and boring. Most people long ago stopped paying attention to day-to-day changes in the debate and unfortunately that includes some MPs. So for their benefit - and yours - here is a quick-and-easy beginner's guide to all the key Brexit terms: what they mean and why they matter. Article 50 This is the formal legal process for any country seeking to leave the EU. Theresa May triggered Article 50 in March 2017, after a legal challenge found she needed parliament’s authority to do so. Once triggered, it sets off a two-year period during which the departing country and the remaining EU nations negotiate an exit deal and roughly outline their future relationship. The country that triggered Article 50 leaves the EU automatically after two years, or even earlier if they've agreed and passed an exit deal. This means the UK will automatically leave the EU on March 29th 2019, unless Article 50 is extended or revoked. Backstop The backstop is an automatic relationship between the UK and EU which will trigger under the terms of Theresa May's Brexit deal if the two partners haven't agreed a future relationship by the end of the transition period. This is necessary to avoid creating border checks – or a 'hard border' – between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The backstop would keep the UK in a customs union with the EU, and require Northern Ireland to keep up with EU rules covering food, agriculture, and some other areas. However, unlike during the transition, the rest of the UK could change its rules or end freedom of movement, and would have left the single market. Canada / Canada+ See Hard Brexit. Clean Brexit See no-deal. Customs union This is an agreement between a number of countries to make it easier to trade in goods with one another. It drastically reduces the number of searches and checks for goods crossing borders, and also reduces paperwork. Countries in a customs union also agree not to charge any tariffs – a tax on goods or materials entering a country – on goods originating from each other's nations. Given the UK's advanced just-in-time manufacturing, experts warn that leaving a customs union could seriously disrupt the UK economy and lead to significant delays at the border. However, being in a customs union restricts a country's ability to strike trade deals with countries outside that union. EEA / Efta See Soft Brexit. Extending Article 50 This is one of only two ways in which the UK could avoid or postpone leaving the EU on March 29th 2019. The government probably doesn't need parliament’s permission to extend Article 50, though it would face a political backlash from some. It certainly does need the approval of all 27 countries that make up the rest of the EU. The EU has indicated it would grant a short extension – of a couple of weeks or months – if it would allow the UK to implement an exit deal, or if it was to hold a second referendum. However, it would not grant it without a clear reason, which doesn't include more UK arguments with itself. It might also resist giving a longer extension, as this would mean the UK was part of EU elections in 2019. Given all 27 national leaders would need to approve this, there would be a risk that someone could block the process for their own domestic politics. Exit agreement / exit deal This is the deal required to leave the EU, secure a transition period and avoid a no-deal Brexit under the terms of Article 50. The deal Theresa May is trying to get through parliament is an exit deal, and while it's very technical and nearly 600 pages long, it really only covers four major areas: the rights of UK and EU citizens post-Brexit, future payments from the UK to cover its debts to the EU, the terms of the transition period, and the backstop for if talks on the future relationship between the UK and EU don't conclude in time. The exit deal does not set the terms of the UK and EU's future relationship, which could in the long-term be a hard Brexit or a soft Brexit. Because either of those options would still require the UK and the EU to address all the issues in the exit deal, the EU has said this deal is not up for renegotiation, under any circumstances. Despite the EU saying no renegotiation of this deal is possible, the Labour frontbench and several Conservative factions are calling on May to renegotiate it – or claiming they could renegotiate it. Freedom of movement This is the right of all EU citizens to live and work in any other EU state, and is a vital part of the single market – no-one can be in the single market without it. At present, it is the policy of both the Conservative and Labour parties to end free movement. Future relationship Under Article 50, the UK and EU have two years to come to an exit agreement, which is legally binding, and to agree a 'political declaration' on their long-term future – which is not. This means that if May's deal was agreed and the government or the prime minister changed, her successor would be free to negotiate whatever future relationship the UK and the EU could agree to. Broadly speaking, the many options – with many names – boil down to either hard Brexit or soft Brexit. Hard Brexit This is the model of Brexit favoured by people who want more independence from the EU, at the price of more disruption and economic damage. This would involve the UK leaving the customs union and single market and instead coming to a looser trade agreement with the EU. This would involve leaving most, if not all, EU agencies the UK is currently part of, and setting up independent regulatory regimes – though selling into the EU would still require us to match their standards. This is the option that leaves the UK the most freedom over immigration policy and the ability to negotiate trade deals. But it comes at a price, because the EU is the UK's biggest trading partner so there'll b a long-term hit to the British economy. No-deal Sometimes misleadingly called a 'clean Brexit' or a “world trade deal', this involves the UK either running out of time under Article 50 to agree an exit deal, or instead deliberately deciding to leave without any kind of deal. In the short-term this would lead to the UK facing massive delays to get goods in and out of the country, and facing possible shortages of food, water, medical supplies, and more. In the longer term, the UK would face a major recession and unemployment, the exodus of skilled jobs, and would eventually have to negotiate some form of future relationship with the EU and the rest of the world – with much less leverage, but many of the same red lines, as before. Most serious politicians and economists agree this would be a disastrous scenario, but it is one supported by several prominent Brexiteers. Norway / Norway+ See Soft Brexit. People’s Vote See second referendum. Political Declaration See future relationship. Revoking Article 50 Following a decision by the EU's highest court, we now know the UK has the power to revoke Article 50 – thus stopping Brexit – without needing permission from the EU or any other EU nations. The UK could not just trigger this power randomly to avoid running out the clock, it seems, It would need to sincerely intend to remain a member of the EU on existing terms. The exact legal circumstances in which the prime minister could trigger revocation is not clear, but in practice it seems that at the absolute minimum this would require a vote of parliament. Some suggest that even a second referendum or general election would still be a 'betrayal' of the 2016 vote to leave the EU. Second referendum A second referendum, including the option to cancel Brexit by revoking Article 50, is the key aim of the People's Vote campaign, which has garnered substantial popular support. At present, neither Theresa May nor Jeremy Corbyn support such a vote, and because of the time it takes to hold a referendum (a minimum of six months), securing one would require extending Article 50. Which options would be on the ballot in a second referendum – including whether no-deal would be an option – would likely be hugely controversial issues. Single market This is one of the key features of the EU, which unites EU members and a small number of other states into trading as if they were effectively one country. Covering both goods and services, its broad principle is that anyone in any country in the single market has the freedom to ship goods, sell services, move money, and have the right to work (also known as freedom of movement) with any other country in the market. EU nations within the single market have a say in the rules governing how it operates, while the others can make representations, but don’t ultimately get a vote. Soft Brexit This is a form of Brexit favoured primarily by those who initially backed Remain. It does the least economic damage to the UK as it leaves the EU. Most forms of soft Brexit would see the UK remain in the single market and also the customs union. This would avoid disruption to trade and make sure there was no new Irish border. However, it would see the UK continuing to contribute to the EU budget, accept freedom of movement, and have to accept EU rules without having a say in them. It would also block it from signing new trade deals independently. For this reason, it is referred to by some Brexiters as 'Brexit in name only' – keeping what are for them are many of the EU's downsides. Transition period This is a period of 21 months (extendable by a year) that would trigger from March 29th 2019 if, and only if, the UK and EU agree an exit deal. During this period, the UK would officially no longer be an EU member, but everything else would continue as if it was. The idea of this is to give the UK and EU time to agree a long-term future relationship. But it also allows the UK some time to build infrastructure and other preparations to leave. If the UK leaves without a deal, this does not happen – and there is no apparent way to try to recreate it after the fact. WTO deal See no-deal.

[jackalgirl]

Bodily Autonomy Act (a draft)

Howdy, folks -- I am neither a lawyer nor a legislator.  I haven’t even done basic research in the sense of reading US Congressional legislation.  But rather than spinning my wheels in rage, I updated something I wrote and sent to my representative a while back (after the draft decision in re: Roe vs. Wade was leaked).

I’d appreciate constructive comments, particularly from people with experience in this field.  And if you’re in the USA and you should find that this something you’d like to send to your local representatives, please feel free to do so -- just take it and go.

Bodily Autonomy Act

1) No person protected by this act shall be compelled to provide the service or share (of any or all parts) of their their bodies or minds; all persons protected by this act shall be afforded to consent to such service or share on an entirely free voluntary basis, in the full possession of all relevant information, and shall not be subject to duress, manipulation, or undue influence of any kind while considering whether to consent or refuse. 

     (a) Once given, any person protected by this act may withdraw their consent at any time for any reason, and they may not be required under any circumstance to waive or otherwise surrender their future right to withdraw their consent for any reason.

     (c) A person protected by this act may voluntarily delegate decision-making regarding their bodily autonomy provided that they do so in accordance with applicable laws, and provided that this is done on an entirely free voluntary basis, in the full possession of all relevant information, and not while being subject to duress, manipulation, or undue influence of any kind while considering whether or not to delegate such decision-making.

          (1) Once delegated, any person protected by this act may withdraw such delegation at any time for any reason, and they may not be required under any circumstance to waive or otherwise surrender their future right to withdraw such delegation for any reason.

      (d) In the case of a person the custody of whom has been granted to another party by lawful and legal action: that party shall not provide the service or share of that person’s body or mind without the express permission of the court that granted custody.  Revocation of custody shall terminate the party’s authority over the person’s bodily autonomy.

2) No person protected by this act shall be subject to unlawful discrimination or favorable consideration based on their provision or refusal to provide such consent.

3) Amendments to or riders attached to this act must relate to the topic of the act to a reasonable person standard.  Any amendment to or rider attached to this act which fails to meet this requirement shall be automatically and immediately rendered null upon the passage of this act.

4) Any amendment to or rider attached to this act that dilutes, lessens, or provide exceptions to the provisions of this act shall be automatically and immediately rendered null upon the passage of this act.

5) Persons protected by this act are as follows: all persons physically present in any place over which the government of the United States has sovereign jurisdiction, as well as any person entitled to the protection of the United States regardless of where that person may be located.

     a) With respect to this act, personhood shall not be defined differently based on an individual’s membership in a protected class.             (1) Protected classes are: race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, sexual orientation, or gender identity), national origin, age (18 or older), disability and genetic information (including family medical history).                  a. This list of protected classes shall not be reduced, but may be expanded.

     b) For the purposes of this act, incarceration as a result of due and lawful process of law is not considered service or share; however, incarcerated persons may not be compelled to consent to service or share during their incarceration beyond what has been lawfully imposed by the judicial system during due process, nor may authorities punish incarcerated persons by withholding food, care, light, medical services, exercise, education, communication with family or advocates, or any other basic human need for refusing to grant consent.  

     c) In the case of children, parental rights shall be honored except in cases in which local authorities have a reasonable and lawfully explicit duty to intervene for the well-being of the child or children in question.

I don’t know if I need a preamble, perhaps one that underscores the idea that bodily autonomy is a fundamental human right.  I do like starting with why, so perhaps it might be a good idea -- again, constructive criticisms are welcome (and again, feel free to take this and send it straight to your reps, or use it as a template for your own Act, if you want).

[gielarowskilawfirm37]

DUI & DWI In Colorado

Colorado has two levels of alcohol-related driving offenses, and both are based on the measurement of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in the body.

·         Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs (DUI).

·         Driving While Ability is Impaired (DWAI).

Colorado BAC Limits

Simply put, blood alcohol concentration is how much alcohol is pulsing through your blood after you drink.

The legal limit BAC for drivers over 21 years old is 0.08%, while the limit for drivers under 21 years old is 0.02%.

DWAI has a limit of 0.05%.

Administrative Penalties

In Colorado the Division of Motor Vehicles has the legal authority to suspend your license for DUI and DWAI regardless of any criminal charges you may face through the courts. These penalties, known as Administrative Penalties, can cause an automatic suspension of your driver’s license as well as fees and points depending on the offense.

DWAI 1st Offense: 8 points toward license suspension; $200 to $1500 fine; up to 1 year in jail; up to 96 hours community service.

DUI 1st Offense: Administrative license revocation for 9 months; $600 to $1,000 fine; up to 1 year in jail; up to 96 hours community service; alcohol education.

DUI/DWAI 1st offense under 21 years old: Drivers license suspended 3 months up to 1 year and 4 points added to driving record.

The penalties increase substantially for repeated offenses and, in some cases, you may be required to install an ignition interlock device on your car. The only way to challenge Administrative penalties is to request an alcohol hearing.

You have 7 days after receiving a revocation/suspension notice to request a hearing.

Alcohol Hearings

You have 7 days after receiving a revocation/suspension notice to request a hearing. You must go in person to the DMV to put in a request. You will also be required to turn over your license if you did not do so at the time of the violation. You may also be eligible for a temporary driving permit while you wait for your hearing. For more information about alcohol hearings please call Customer Service at (303) 205-5613 or the Department of Revenue’s Hearings Division at (303) 205-5606

An Arrest

If you fail the roadside sobriety test, which could entail anything from standing on one leg while answering a barrage of questions to touching your nose and walking a straight line, you will be read your rights.

You will be handcuffed and taken to a city or county jail.

A tow truck will take your car and impound it.

Criminal Penalties

The CDOT offers a line item assessment in an informative brochure of what a DUI costs the individual charged with a first offense. The total comes to over $10,000 and includes lawyer fees, rising insurance rates, fees to get a license back, probation supervision fees, all the way down to the brain injury surcharge and court costs. This figure is based on the minimum fine. It is easy to see that drinking and driving is not worth any cost.

Refusing a BAC Test

Express Consent Law: By operating a motor vehicle in the state of Colorado you are automatically giving “express consent” or granting permission to be administered a chemical test by breath, blood, or urine to measure your blood alcohol content. If a law enforcement officer requires you to take a test because of suspected drinking and driving and you refuse, you will be required to have an Ignition Interlock for 2 years. As of January 1st 2014 refusing a chemical test automatically gets you a Persistent Drunk Driver designation.

Zero Tolerance: Drivers under 21 years old with a BAC between 0.02% and 0.05% face automatic revocation of their license.

Buy and Possess: If you are under 21 years old and get caught with alcohol in the vehicle, you will have your license revoked.

For more information on DUIs and BAC consult the Colorado Driver Handbook or visit the Department of Transportation website.

Ignition Interlock Device

You may be allowed an early reinstatement after an Administrative license suspension by having a Ignition Interlock Device (IID) installed in your vehicle. This can only be done after serving a portion of your suspension. The length of time depends on the type and number of violations. You must also:

·         Over 21 years old at the time of the violation.

·         Satisfied all requirements for reinstatement.

·         Completed at least 1 month of a a DUI conviction or Administrative driver’s license suspension.

·         OR

·         Completed at least 2 months for a Refusal of a BAC test.

The annual cost for an IID is about $1,000. The IID MUST be installed and maintained by a state approved vendor in order to be valid. If you wish to know if you may be eligible for an early reinstatement with an IID you can call Customer Service at (303) 205-5613.

Driver’s License Reinstatement

Once your suspension time is completed, with or without an IID, the DMV will send you a letter with steps to take to purchase an Unrestricted License. Before you are able to get a new license you must complete all the conditions of your suspension including all fees and program classes required. When you are eligible for a new license you will be required to fill out a Application for Reinstatement (Form DR 2870) and a Certification (Form DR 2598). You will also have to pay the $95 reinstatement fee and show proof of insurance (SR 22) for up to 3 years. The length a SR 22 is required will depend on the type and number of violations.

Click this link workers comp colorado springs for more info.

[sugarchat1]

Terms of Service

We’re excited you’ve decided to use Sugar Chat, all of which we refer to simply as the “Services.” We’ve drafted these Terms of Service (which we call the “Terms”) so you’ll know the rules that govern our relationship with you. Although we have tried our best to strip the legalese from the Terms, there are places where these Terms may still read like a traditional contract. There’s a good reason for that: These Terms do indeed form a legally binding contract between you and U+ Pte.Ltd. So please read them carefully. By using the Services, you agree to the Terms. Of course, if you don’t agree with them, then don’t use the Services. ARBITRATION NOTICE: THESE TERMS CONTAIN AN ARBITRATION CLAUSE A LITTLE LATER ON. EXCEPT FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF DISPUTES MENTIONED IN THAT ARBITRATION CLAUSE, YOU AND U+ Pte.Ltd. AGREE THAT DISPUTES BETWEEN US WILL BE RESOLVED BY MANDATORY BINDING ARBITRATION, AND YOU AND U+ Pte.Ltd. WAIVE ANY RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN A CLASS-ACTION LAWSUIT OR CLASS-WIDE ARBITRATION. 1. Who Can Use the Services No one under 18 is allowed to create an account or use the Services. We may offer additional Services with additional terms that may require you to be even older to use them. So please read all terms carefully. By using the Services, you state that: You can form a binding contract with U+ Pte.Ltd. You are not a person who is barred from receiving the Services under the laws of the United States or any other applicable jurisdiction—meaning that you do not appear on the U.S. Treasury Department’s list of Specially Designated Nationals or face any other similar prohibition. You will comply with these Terms and all applicable local, state, national, and international laws, rules, and regulations. If you are using the Services on behalf of a business or some other entity, you state that you are authorized to grant all licenses set forth in these Terms and to agree to these Terms on behalf of the business or entity. 2. Rights We Grant You U+ Pte.Ltd. grants you a personal, worldwide, royalty-free, non-assignable, nonexclusive, revocable, and non-sublicensable license to access and use the Services. This license is for the sole purpose of letting you use and enjoy the Services’ benefits in a way that these Terms and our usage policies, such as our Community Guidelines, allow. Any software that we provide you may automatically download and install upgrades, updates, or other new features. You may be able to adjust these automatic downloads through your device’s settings. You may not copy, modify, distribute, sell, or lease any part of our Services, nor may you reverse engineer or attempt to extract the source code of that software, unless applicable laws prohibit these restrictions or you have our written permission to do so. 3. Rights You Grant Us Many of our Services let you create, upload, post, send, receive, and store content. When you do that, you retain whatever ownership rights in that content you had to begin with. But you grant us a license to use that content. How broad that license is depends on which Services you use and the Settings you have selected. For all Services other than Live, Local, and any other crowd-sourced Service, you grant U+ Pte.Ltd. a worldwide, royalty-free, sublicensable, and transferable license to host, store, use, display, reproduce, modify, adapt, edit, publish, and distribute that content. This license is for the limited purpose of operating, developing, providing, promoting, and improving the Services and researching and developing new ones. Because Live, Local, and any other crowd-sourced Services are inherently public and chronicle matters of public interest, the license you grant us for content submitted to those Services is broader. In addition to granting us the rights mentioned in the previous paragraph, you also grant us a perpetual license to create derivative works from, promote, exhibit, broadcast, syndicate, sublicense, publicly perform, and publicly display content submitted to Live, Local, or any other crowd-sourced Services in any form and in any and all media or distribution methods (now known or later developed). To the extent it’s necessary, when you appear in, create, upload, post, or send Live, Local, or other crowd-sourced content, you also grant U+ Pte.Ltd. and our business partners the unrestricted, worldwide, perpetual right and license to use your name, likeness, and voice. This means, among other things, that you will not be entitled to any compensation from U+ Pte.Ltd. or our business partners if your name, likeness, or voice is conveyed through Live, Local, or other crowd-sourced Services, either on the Sugar Chat application or on one of our business partner’s platforms. For more information about how to tailor who can watch your content, please take a look at our Privacy Policy and Support Site. While we’re not required to do so, we may access, review, screen, and delete your content at any time and for any reason, including if we think your content violates these Terms. You alone, though, remain responsible for the content you create, upload, post, send, or store through the Service. The Services may contain advertisements. In consideration for U+ Pte.Ltd. letting you access and use the Services, you agree that we, our affiliates, and our third-party partners may place advertising on the Services. Because the Services contain content that you and other users provide us, advertising may sometimes appear near your content. We always love to hear from our users. But if you volunteer feedback or suggestions, just know that we can use your ideas without compensating you. 4. The Content of Others Much of the content on our Services is produced by users, publishers, and other third parties. Whether that content is posted publicly or sent privately, the content is the sole responsibility of the person or organization that submitted it. Although U+ Pte.Ltd. reserves the right to review all content that appears on the Services and to remove any content that violates these Terms, we do not necessarily review all of it. So we cannot—and do not—take responsibility for any content that others provide through the Services. Through these Terms and our Community Guidelines, we make clear that we do not want the Services put to bad uses. But because we do not review all content, we cannot guarantee that content on the Services will always conform to our Terms or Guidelines. 5. Privacy Your privacy matters to us. You can learn how we handle your information when you use our Services by reading our Privacy Policy. We encourage you to give the Privacy Policy a careful look because, by using our Services, you agree that U+ Pte.Ltd. can collect, use, and transfer your information consistent with that policy. 6. Respecting Other People's Rights U+ Pte.Ltd. respects the rights of others. And so should you. You therefore may not upload, post, send, or store content that: violates or infringes someone else’s rights of publicity, privacy, copyright, trademark, or other intellectual-property right. bullies, harasses, or intimidates. defames. spams or solicits our users. You must also respect U+ Pte.Ltd.’s rights. These Terms do not grant you any right to: use branding, logos, designs, photographs, videos, or any other materials used in our Services. copy, archive, download, upload, distribute, syndicate, broadcast, perform, display, make available, or otherwise use any portion of the Services or the content on the Services except as set forth in these Terms. use the Services, any tools provided by the Services, or any content on the Services for any commercial purposes without our consent. In short: You may not use the Services or the content on the Services in ways that are not authorized by these Terms. Nor may you help anyone else in doing so. 7. Respecting Copyright U+ Pte.Ltd. honors the requirements set forth in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. We therefore take reasonable steps to expeditiously remove from our Services any infringing material that we become aware of. And if U+ Pte.Ltd. becomes aware that one of its users has repeatedly infringed copyrights, we will take reasonable steps within our power to terminate the user’s account. We make it easy for you to report suspected copyright infringement. If you believe that anything on the Services infringes a copyright that you own or control, please fill out this form. Or you may file a notice with our designated agent: U+ Pte.Ltd. Attn: Copyright Agent email: support@Sugar Chat.me If you file a notice with our Copyright Agent, it must comply with the requirements of related Singapore law. That means the notice must: contain the physical or electronic signature of a person authorized to act on behalf of the copyright owner. identify the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed. identify the material that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of infringing activity and that is to be removed, or access to which is to be disabled, and information reasonably sufficient to let us locate the material. provide your contact information, including your address, telephone number, and an email address. provide a personal statement that you have a good-faith belief that the use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law. provide a statement that the information in the notification is accurate and, under penalty of perjury, that you are authorized to act on behalf of the copyright owner. 8. Safety We try hard to keep our Services a safe place for all users. But we can’t guarantee it. That’s where you come in. By using the Services, you agree that: You will not use the Services for any purpose that is illegal or prohibited in these Terms. You will not use any robot, spider, crawler, scraper, or other automated means or interface to access the Services or extract other user’s information. You will not use or develop any third-party applications that interact with the Services or other users’ content or information without our written consent. You will not use the Services in a way that could interfere with, disrupt, negatively affect, or inhibit other users from fully enjoying the Services, or that could damage, disable, overburden, or impair the functioning of the Services. You will not use or attempt to use another user’s account, username, or password without their permission. You will not solicit login credentials from another user. You will not post content that contains pornography, graphic violence, threats, hate speech, or incitements to violence. You will not upload viruses or other malicious code or otherwise compromise the security of the Services. You will not attempt to circumvent any content-filtering techniques we employ, or attempt to access areas or features of the Services that you are not authorized to access. You will not probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of our Services or any system or network. You will not encourage or promote any activity that violates these Terms. We also care about your safety while using our Services. So do not use our Services in a way that would distract you from obeying traffic or safety laws. For example, never live video chat and drive. And never put yourself or others in harm’s way just to capture a photo. 9. Your Account You are responsible for any activity that occurs in your Sugar Chat account. So it’s important that you keep your account secure. One way to do that is to select a strong password that you don’t use for any other account. By using the Services, you agree that, in addition to exercising common sense: You will not create more than one account for yourself. You will not create another account if we have already disabled your account, unless you have our written permission to do so. You will not buy, sell, rent, or lease access to your Sugar Chat account, a Sugar Chat username, or a friend link without our written permission. You will not share your password. You will not log in or attempt to access the Services through unauthorized third-party applications or clients. If you think that someone has gained access to your account, please immediately reach out to support@Sugar Chat.me 10. Data Charges and Mobile Phones You are responsible for any mobile charges that you may incur for using our Services, including text-messaging and data charges. If you’re unsure what those charges may be, you should ask your service provider before using the Services. If you change or deactivate the mobile phone number that you used to create a Sugar Chat account, you must update your account information through Settings within 72 hours to prevent us from sending to someone else messages intended for you. 11. Third-Party Services If you use a service, feature, or functionality that is operated by a third party and made available through our Services (including Services we jointly offer with the third party), each party’s terms will govern the respective party’s relationship with you. U+ Pte.Ltd. is not responsible or liable for a third party’s terms or actions taken under the third party’s terms. 12. In App Purchases Auto-Renewal. If you purchase an auto-recurring periodic subscription, your Payment Method will continue to be billed for the subscription until you cancel. After your initial subscription commitment period, and again after any subsequent subscription period, your subscription will automatically continue for an additional equivalent period, at the price you agreed to when subscribing. If you do not wish your subscription to renew automatically, or if you want to change or terminate your subscription, you will need to log in to your third party account (or Account Settings on our app) and follow instructions to cancel your subscription, even if you have otherwise deleted your account with us or if you have deleted the our app application from your device. Deleting your account on our app or deleting the our app application from your device does not cancel your subscription; our app will retain all funds charged to your Payment Method until you cancel your subscription on our app or the third party account, as applicable. If you cancel your subscription, you may use your subscription until the end of your then-current subscription term, and your subscription will not be renewed after your then-current term expires. 13. Features of the Service - Virtual Items The Service offers a feature allowing users to 'purchase' (a) virtual currency, including but not limited to virtual cards (“Cards”) for use in the Service; or (b) virtual in-Service items (“Gifts”). Any Cards, and/or Gifts that are gifted to Users (or received by you) . Virtual Cards, together with Gifts, are hereafter collectively referred to as 'Virtual Items.” The purchase of any Virtual Items must be made lawfully, under legitimate means, and with actual currency. Any Virtual Items obtained illegally or fraudulently will result in suspension, freeze or termination of User account.Notwithstanding your purchase or possession of such Virtual Items, you do not in fact 'own' the Virtual Items, and the amounts of any Virtual Item do not refer to any credit balance of real currency or its equivalent. Rather, Company grants you a limited licence to use the Service, including software programs that may manifest themselves as these items. By your use of the Service, and particularly Virtual Items, you agree that our distribution of any Virtual Items currently in your account (i.e. as a virtual 'tip' to any other User's account) may result in some revenue to such recipient User, as determined in Company's sole discretion, and is made solely at your own discretion; Once you have confirmed a transfer of any Virtual Item to another user's account, the action cannot be undone and the Virtual Item cannot be withdrawn. Notwithstanding, Company makes no guarantee that the amount or value of the Virtual Items you may give a User will correlate to the revenue such User may receive from us when they cash-out. The purchase of Virtual Items is a completed transaction upon Company's confirmation of electronic payment from you via the iTunes App Store or Google Play. Any virtual currency balance shown in your User Account does not constitute a real world balance or reflect any stored value, but instead constitutes a measurement of the extent of your licence to the Virtual Items within the Service. You will not be able to sell Virtual Items in exchange for virtual or real currency credited back to your User Account, nor will you be able to receive a refund (“Refund”) of virtual or real currency for Virtual Items (including any virtual currency), including if your access to the Service has been suspended, limited or terminated pursuant to these Terms. We determine the value (i.e. the exchange rate) of the Virtual Items in our sole discretion, based on your country of origin, and we have the right to modify the purchase exchange rate between actual currency and Virtual Cards from time to time, with or without reason, in our sole discretion. By your use of the Service, you confirm your understanding of and agree to accept the then-current exchange rate of any Virtual Items at the time of your purchase. By your use of the service, you agree that your use of any purchased Virtual Items shall be solely for legitimate purposes within the Service, and that such use will comply with all applicable laws at all times (i.e. no exchanging of Virtual Items for any activity, product, conduct or services deemed unauthorised by these Terms or our Community Policy). By your use of the Service and particularly Virtual Items, you confirm your understanding that the purchase of Virtual Items requires actual money. If you disagree with any part of, or do not fully understand our exchange rate policy, do not purchase or use any Virtual Items in connection with the Service, or terminate your account. By your use of the Service and particularly Virtual Items, you confirm your understanding that we may change, modify or update these Terms, or the terms of sale in connection with the Virtual Items from time to time, and that such revised terms will apply to all subsequent purchases of any Virtual Items, and you agree that you will review these Terms and any terms regarding the sale of Virtual Items prior to making any purchase. In the event your account balance is incorrect due to system maintenance or other technical failures as determined solely by us, we agree to make all necessary corrections and adjustments with respect to your account balance. If you have any questions, concerns or suggestions regarding purchases and/or payments regarding the Service, you may contact us. User Inactivity. If your account remains inactive for six (6) consecutive months, all of your Virtual Items may be frozen. To unfreeze any such Virtual Items, you must email us and request that we unfreeze your account. Upon receipt of your request and review of your information, we will unfreeze your Virtual items as soon as possible. 14. Confiscation of Virtual Items Due to Termination or Fraud IMPORTANT: We take fraud extremely seriously. In addition to taking any applicable and necessary legal action, we have the right to permanently confiscate any Virtual Items from any User Account that we determine were purchased or acquired using fraudulent means; this includes confiscation of any Virtual Gifts received by you from another User in which such Virtual Gifts were purchased fraudulently. In the event we determine that any Virtual Items in your possession were fraudulently purchased, we will notify you prior to confiscation and allow you an opportunity to make an appeal via the app. If we terminate your account for fraud, any outstanding Virtual Items remaining in your account at the time of termination may be irrevocably confiscated, accordance with our Account Termination Policy specified below. 15. Modifying the Services and Termination We’re relentlessly improving our Services and creating new ones all the time. That means we may add or remove features, products, or functionalities, and we may also suspend or stop the Services altogether. We may take any of these actions at any time, and when we do, we may not provide you with any notice beforehand. While we hope you remain a lifelong Sugar Chatter, you can terminate these Terms at any time and for any reason by deleting your account. U+ Pte.Ltd. may also terminate these Terms with you at any time, for any reason, and without advanced notice. That means that we may stop providing you with any Services, or impose new or additional limits on your ability to use the Services. For example, we may deactivate your account due to prolonged inactivity, and we may reclaim your username at any time for any reason. Regardless of who terminates these Terms, both you and U+ Pte.Ltd. continue to be bound by Sections 3, 6, 9, 10, and 13-22 of the Terms. 16. Indemnity You agree, to the extent permitted under applicable law, to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless U+ Pte.Ltd., our directors, officers, employees, and affiliates from and against any and all complaints, charges, claims, damages, losses, costs, liabilities, and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) due to, arising out of, or relating in any way to: (a) your access to or use of the Services; (b) your content; and (c) your breach of these Terms. 17. Disclaimers We try to keep the Services up and running and free of annoyances. But we make no promises that we will succeed. THE SERVICES ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” AND TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN ADDITION, WHILE U+ Pte.Ltd. ATTEMPTS TO PROVIDE A GOOD USER EXPERIENCE, WE DO NOT REPRESENT OR WARRANT THAT: (A) THE SERVICES WILL ALWAYS BE SECURE, ERROR-FREE, OR TIMELY; (B) THE SERVICES WILL ALWAYS FUNCTION WITHOUT DELAYS, DISRUPTIONS, OR IMPERFECTIONS; OR (C) THAT ANY CONTENT, USER CONTENT, OR INFORMATION YOU OBTAIN ON OR THROUGH THE SERVICES WILL BE TIMELY OR ACCURATE. U+ Pte.Ltd. TAKES NO RESPONSIBILITY AND ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR ANY CONTENT THAT YOU, ANOTHER USER, OR A THIRD PARTY CREATES, UPLOADS, POSTS, SENDS, RECEIVES, OR STORES ON OR THROUGH OUR SERVICES. YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT YOU MAY BE EXPOSED TO CONTENT THAT MIGHT BE OFFENSIVE, ILLEGAL, MISLEADING, OR OTHERWISE INAPPROPRIATE, NONE OF WHICH U+ Pte.Ltd. WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR. 18. Limitation of Liability TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, U+ Pte.Ltd. AND OUR MANAGING MEMBERS, SHAREHOLDERS, EMPLOYEES, AFFILIATES, LICENSORS, AND SUPPLIERS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, OR MULTIPLE DAMAGES, OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM: (A) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES; (B) THE CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES ON OR THROUGH THE SERVICES; OR (C) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE, OR ALTERATION OF YOUR CONTENT, EVEN IF U+ Pte.Ltd. HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT WILL U+ Pte.Ltd.’S AGGREGATE LIABILITY FOR ALL CLAIMS RELATING TO THE SERVICES EXCEED THE GREATER OF $100 USD OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID U+ Pte.Ltd., IF ANY, IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF CERTAIN DAMAGES, SO SOME OR ALL OF THE EXCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS IN THIS SECTION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. 19. Arbitration, Class-Action Waiver, and Jury Waiver PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPHS CAREFULLY BECAUSE THEY REQUIRE YOU AND U+ Pte.Ltd. TO AGREE TO RESOLVE ALL DISPUTES BETWEEN US THROUGH BINDING INDIVIDUAL ARBITRATION. 1. Applicability of Arbitration Agreement. You and U+ Pte.Ltd. agree that all claims and disputes, including all statutory claims and disputes, arising out of or relating to these Terms or the use of the Services that cannot be resolved in small claims court will be resolved by binding arbitration on an individual basis, except that you and U+ Pte.Ltd. are not required to arbitrate any dispute in which either party seeks equitable relief for the alleged unlawful use of copyrights, trademarks, trade names, logos, trade secrets, or patents. To be clear: The phrase “all claims and disputes” includes claims and disputes that arose between us before the effective date of these Terms. 2. Arbitration Rules. The related HK arbitration act governs the interpretation and enforcement of this dispute-resolution provision. Arbitration will be initiated through the Hong kong International Arbitration Centre (“HIAC”) and will be governed by the HIAC Arbitration Rules, available here as of the date of these Terms. If the HIAC is not available to arbitrate, the parties will select an alternative arbitral forum. The rules of the arbitral forum will govern all aspects of this arbitration, except to the extent those rules conflict with these Terms. The arbitration will be conducted by a single neutral arbitrator. Any claims or disputes where the total amount sought is less than $10,000 USD may be resolved through binding non-appearance-based arbitration, at the option of the party seeking relief. For claims or disputes where the total amount sought is $10,000 USD or more, the right to a hearing will be determined by the arbitral forum’s rules. Any judgment on the award rendered by the arbitrator may be entered in any court of competent jurisdiction. 3. Additional Rules for Non-appearance Arbitration. If non-appearance arbitration is elected, the arbitration will be conducted by telephone, online, written submissions, or any combination of the three; the specific manner will be chosen by the party initiating the arbitration. The arbitration will not involve any personal appearance by the parties or witnesses unless the parties mutually agree otherwise. 4. Fees. If you choose to arbitrate with U+ Pte.Ltd., you will not have to pay any fees to do so. That is because U+ Pte.Ltd. will reimburse you for your filing fee and the HIAC’s Consumer Arbitration Rules provide that any hearing fees and arbitrator compensation are our responsibility. To the extent another arbitral forum is selected, U+ Pte.Ltd. will pay that forum’s fees as well. 5. Authority of the Arbitrator. The arbitrator will decide the jurisdiction of the arbitrator and the rights and liabilities, if any, of you and U+ Pte.Ltd. The dispute will not be consolidated with any other matters or joined with any other cases or parties. The arbitrator will have the authority to grant motions dispositive of all or part of any claim or dispute. The arbitrator will have the authority to award monetary damages and to grant any non-monetary remedy or relief available to an individual under applicable law, the arbitral forum’s rules, and the Terms. The arbitrator will issue a written award and statement of decision describing the essential findings and conclusions on which the award is based, including the calculation of any damages awarded. The arbitrator has the same authority to award relief on an individual basis that a judge in a court of law would have. The award of the arbitrator is final and binding upon you and U+ Pte.Ltd. 6. Waiver of Jury Trial. YOU AND U+ Pte.Ltd. WAIVE ANY CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY RIGHTS TO GO TO COURT AND HAVE A TRIAL IN FRONT OF A JUDGE OR A JURY. You and U+ Pte.Ltd. are instead electing to have claims and disputes resolved by arbitration. Arbitration procedures are typically more limited, more efficient, and less costly than rules applicable in court and are subject to very limited review by a court. In any litigation between you and U+ Pte.Ltd. over whether to vacate or enforce an arbitration award, YOU AND U+ Pte.Ltd. WAIVE ALL RIGHTS TO A JURY TRIAL, and elect instead to have the dispute be resolved by a judge. 7. Waiver of Class or Consolidated Actions. ALL CLAIMS AND DISPUTES WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THIS ARBITRATION AGREEMENT MUST BE ARBITRATED OR LITIGATED ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS AND NOT ON A CLASS BASIS. CLAIMS OF MORE THAN ONE CUSTOMER OR USER CANNOT BE ARBITRATED OR LITIGATED JOINTLY OR CONSOLIDATED WITH THOSE OF ANY OTHER CUSTOMER OR USER. If, however, this waiver of class or consolidated actions is deemed invalid or unenforceable, neither you nor we are entitled to arbitration; instead all claims and disputes will be resolved in a court as set forth in Section 18. 8. Right to Waive. Any rights and limitations set forth in this arbitration agreement may be waived by the party against whom the claim is asserted. Such waiver will not waive or affect any other portion of this arbitration agreement. 9. Opt-out. You may opt out of this arbitration agreement. If you do so, neither you nor U+ Pte.Ltd. can force the other to arbitrate. To opt out, you must notify U+ Pte.Ltd. in writing no later than 30 days after first becoming subject to this arbitration agreement. Your notice must include your name and address, your Sugar Chat username and the email address you used to set up your Sugar Chat account (if you have one), and an unequivocal statement that you want to opt out of this arbitration agreement. You must either mail your opt-out notice to this address: U+ Pte.Ltd., ATTN: Arbitration Opt-out, 20 MAXWELL ROAD #11-07/08 MAXWELL HOUSE, or email the opt-out notice to support@Sugar Chat.me 10. Small Claims Court. Notwithstanding the foregoing, either you or U+ Pte.Ltd. may bring an individual action in small claims court. 11. Arbitration Agreement Survival. This arbitration agreement will survive the termination of your relationship with U+ Pte.Ltd. 20. Exclusive Venue To the extent the parties are permitted under these Terms to initiate litigation in a court, both you and U+ Pte.Ltd. agree that all claims and disputes, including statutory claims and disputes, arising out of or relating to the Terms or the use of the Services will be litigated exclusively in the Hong kong District Court for the Central. 21. Choice of Law Except to the extent they are preempted by Hong kong law, other than its conflict-of-laws principles, Hong kong law govern these Terms and any claims and disputes arising out of or relating to these Terms or their subject matter, including tort and statutory claims and disputes. 22. Severability If any provision of these Terms is found unenforceable, then that provision will be severed from these Terms and not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions. 23. Additional Terms for Specific Services Given the breadth of our Services, we sometimes need to craft additional terms and conditions for specific Services. Those additional terms and conditions, which will be available with the relevant Services, then become part of your agreement with us if you use those Services. 24. Final Terms These Terms make up the entire agreement between you and U+ Pte.Ltd., and supersede any prior agreements. These Terms do not create or confer any third-party beneficiary rights. If we do not enforce a provision in these Terms, it will not be considered a waiver. We reserve all rights not expressly granted to you. You may not transfer any of your rights or obligations under these Terms without our consent. These Terms were written in English and to the extent the translated version of these Terms conflict with the English version, the English version will control.

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DUI & DWI In Colorado

Colorado has two levels of alcohol-related driving offenses, and both are based on the measurement of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in the body.

·         Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs (DUI).

·         Driving While Ability is Impaired (DWAI).

Colorado BAC Limits

Simply put, blood alcohol concentration is how much alcohol is pulsing through your blood after you drink. The legal limit BAC for drivers over 21 years old is 0.08%, while the limit for drivers under 21 years old is 0.02%. DWAI has a limit of 0.05%.

Administrative Penalties

In Colorado the Division of Motor Vehicles has the legal authority to suspend your license for DUI and DWAI regardless of any criminal charges you may face through the courts. These penalties, known as Administrative Penalties, can cause an automatic suspension of your driver’s license as well as fees and points depending on the offense.

DWAI 1st Offense: 8 points toward license suspension; $200 to $1500 fine; up to 1 year in jail; up to 96 hours community service.

DUI 1st Offense: Administrative license revocation for 9 months; $600 to $1,000 fine; up to 1 year in jail; up to 96 hours community service; alcohol education.

DUI/DWAI 1st offense under 21 years old: Drivers license suspended 3 months up to 1 year and 4 points added to driving record.

The penalties increase substantially for repeated offenses and, in some cases; you may be required to install an ignition interlock device on your car. The only way to challenge Administrative penalties is to request an alcohol hearing.

You have 7 days after receiving a revocation/suspension notice to request a hearing.

Alcohol Hearings

You have 7 days after receiving a revocation/suspension notice to request a hearing. You must go in person to the DMV to put in a request. You will also be required to turn over your license if you did not do so at the time of the violation. You may also be eligible for a temporary driving permit while you wait for your hearing. For more information about alcohol hearings please call Customer Service at (303) 205-5613 or the Department of Revenue’s Hearings Division at (303) 205-5606

An Arrest

·         If you fail the roadside sobriety test, which could entail anything from standing on one leg while answering a barrage of questions to touching your nose and walking a straight line, you will be read your rights.

·         You will be handcuffed and taken to a city or county jail.

·         A tow truck will take your car and impound it.

Criminal Penalties

The CDOT offers a line item assessment in an informative brochure of what a DUI costs the individual charged with a first offense. The total comes to over $10,000 and includes lawyer fees, rising insurance rates, fees to get a license back, probation supervision fees, all the way down to the brain injury surcharge and court costs. This figure is based on the minimum fine. It is easy to see that drinking and driving is not worth any cost.

Refusing a BAC Test

Express Consent Law: By operating a motor vehicle in the state of Colorado you are automatically giving “express consent” or granting permission to be administered a chemical test by breath, blood, or urine to measure your blood alcohol content. If a law enforcement officer requires you to take a test because of suspected drinking and driving and you refuse, you will be required to have an Ignition Interlock for 2 years. As of January 1st 2014 refusing a chemical test automatically gets you a Persistent Drunk Driver designation.

Zero Tolerance: Drivers under 21 years old with a BAC between 0.02% and 0.05% face automatic revocation of their license.

Buy and Possess: If you are under 21 years old and get caught with alcohol in the vehicle, you will have your license revoked.

For more information on DUIs and BAC consult the Colorado Driver Handbook or visit the Department of Transportation website.

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