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swirlingdisobedience · 5 years ago

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Post-truth

“Truth” is of no small importance to human affairs, yet it has been and remains a contested category. Its status shifts radically through time, place, religion, discipline —and today, social platform. Truth can be deﬁnite and mercurial, divine and political. As secularism, cosmopolitanism and positivism enter a moment of crisis, and as information seems to be ever more available – while also subject to algorithmic modiﬁcation – anxieties about the status of truth and the transparency of information are on the rise.

“Post-truth” was the 2016 Oxford English Dictionary word of the year, denoting “circumstances in which objective facts are less inﬂuential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief. ”The crisis in objectivity that this new word unveils has been accompanied by an unprecedented proliferation of homemade images that excel the art of “remixology”,the “practice of recombining preexistent content”.These images result in often-fake contents that circulate both virally and ephemerally online. The “post-truth phenomenon”, however, is not only fuelled by low-tech and intimate creativity, but also by technologically sophisticated and politically driven techniques of image creation, alteration, and destruction. These sustain electoral agendas, responses to catastrophe, and affective relationships to power holders.”

(Reality Machines:An Art Exhibitionon Post-TruthMara Polgovsky Ezcurra)

“A range of artistic acts and interventions meant to challenge the way the truth is presented in different socio-political and economic contexts.

Works that reflect an approach that seeks to act subversively outside the artistic context. Theorist Carrie Lambert-Beatty calls this artistic genre "Parafiction" – a term that denotes the use of techniques of deception and fraud, fabricated identities, impersonation, or production of fictional narratives and events. The works are acts of political imagination with actual consequences in the real world. They are experienced as fact and, under specific circumstances, are granted the status of truth. Thereby the issue of truth gains great importance.

This artistic genre was developed in Eastern European collectives in the 1970s and 1980s. In these countries, ideology was inseparable from historiography – in the way in which the past is narrated in order to generate revolutions and the constitution of ideas and prophecies. The histories and narratives that inspired those regimes are still in place, refusing to vanish and appearing as a psychological and social force.

Artists influenced by the aesthetics of documentary and mockumentary films and reality shows, aiming to offer a new reading of existing narratives.

They seek to reveal unknown historical aspects and open up the possibility of multiple narratives with respect to history.

Unlike other works, which play along the boundary between reality and illusion yet remain in the realm of fictional creations, some of these works tend to diminish the position to the illusory dimension. Prominent among them, yet changing according to context, is the intervention with real historical and cultural aspects.

The artist is able to take part in the dominant political, social, or economic discourse, to appropriate and to consume, yet at the same time to criticize.”

FCNN

FCNN News makes visible what has been made invisible

https://fcnnnews.love/episodes/episode-1-of-fcnnnews-white-institutions-and-representation/

FCNNNews is a news-platform and curatorial project initiated by Feminist Collective With No Name in 2018.

The platform is born out of the adverse misrepresentation of BiPoC’s and Queers in the art industry and mainstream media – everything from “de-ghettoising” areas in urban spaces to traumatic defeat and most importantly to public and institutional racism.

In each episode we have invited artists and organizations who work in the intersection of art and activism, to contribute to the program. Our first episode focuses on white institutions and representation; the following episodes explores the politics of gentrification, resistance and organization.

About FCNN:

Feminist Collective with no name (FCNN) was founded in 2016 by artists Dina El Kaisy Friemuth, Lil B. Wachmann and filmmaker Anita Beikpour.

Their work is rooted in activism and spans over performance, video, text and workshops often in collaboration with other collectives, individuals and institutions across border, nations and disciplines. Together with Space27 in Beirut, FCNN has been hosting the film and research project: Another Dinner, Ruined since 2018.

FCNN’s latest work is their ongoing news programme: FCNNNews.

The collective was initiated in Copenhagen, Denmark and works today between Berlin, NYC, Beirut and Copenhagen.

Dr. Pinkas The Iranian Ambassador in Jerusalem, 2015.

A group of Jerusalem artists ( collective Hamabul) opened the city’s first unofficial Iranian ‘embassy of culture’.

Relations between Iran and Israel have been tense since the Iranian Revolution, when Iran closed the Israeli trade mission in Tehran, which had operated as a de facto embassy, and Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini dubbed Israel “an enemy of Islam”. Iran does not recognise Israel. As president from 2005 to 2103, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad spoke of the Israeli state being “removed from the page of history”. Israeli politicians like Binyamin Netanyahu, the prime minister, have argued the Iranian regime poses a threat to Israel’s existence.

But Israeli and Iranian citizens have often spoken out of a desire for better ties. In 2012 Israeli peace activists launched a social media campaign to foster goodwill by showering Iran with ‘Israel loves Iran’ messages. Pinkas Matan, the mastermind behind the cultural embassy who displayed red and green nail polish symbolising the Iranian flag, doesn’t believe politics should hinder good relations between citizens. Speaking in front of a projector screen playing a documentary about Iranian fashion, Matan announced the goal of the project as sparking communication between peoples, sharing culture and art, and promoting peace.

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Paolo Cirio, Daily Paywall, 2014

- Newsprints and plastic newsrack, dimensions variable.

This artwork appropriated over sixty-thousand news items from the Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, and The Economist. In Daily Paywall, Cirio redistributed thousands of pay-per-view articles for free by hacking the paywall systems of the three major financial newspapers and proposed a new economic model for circulating news articles. Readers could earn one dollar for responding correctly to quizzes about the featured articles, journalists were invited to claim compensation for their writing, while donors could offer any amount to crowdfund the model. DailyPaywall.com has over 60,000 articles in total; Cirio selected fifteen topics, each featuring eight articles published in 1,000 print copies which were distributed as a free paper available in custom newsracks and bookshops throughout New York City. Eventually, the site was shut down when the publisher Pearson PLC made claims on its own copyrighted material. A year after the legal threat, Pearson sold both The Financial Times and The Economist. As a result, Cirio republished DailyPaywall.com in its entirety. In Daily Paywall, Cirio’s radical action and participatory model elicited reflection on access to knowledge and the contemporary information economy. The work was staged by utilizing the distribution of information as a material to make works of art and to interrogate legal, linguistic, and socioeconomic structures. In the installation, elements of the performance are assembled to document and recall its propositions. Printed copies of the Daily Paywall newspaper are available to the audience, while the flowchart print of the economic model stands as the core concept of the artist’s intervention.

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Joana Moll, AZ: Move and get shot. 2012 - 2014.

AZ: Move and Get Shot is a net-based piece which shows the landscape of the US-Mexico border in the state of Arizona through the eyes of six surveillance cameras, themselves linked to an online platform. The platform was created by a group of landowners with properties on the US border, whose main purpose was to provide the public with raw images of immigrants crossing the border illegally through their lands. Each camera incorporates a motion sensor, which triggers an image capture when it detects the slightest vibration in the landscape. These pictures were then sent to a server and displayed directly on the web page.While the main goal of the landowners was to disseminate photographs of illegal immigrants, the camera is programmed to detect and record any kind of movement. By delegating the surveillance to a machine, the original human intention is lost, and the original purpose takes shape as a collection of images revealing not only immigrants but all kinds of human, animal, and natural activity.

"they both point towards a possible militarization of civil society through the use of web-based cameras to watch immigrants crossing the border. When combined with interactive media, virtual surveillance becomes a tool to decontextualize the border and crowdsource the police actions to civilians, and, by extension, turn the users into disengaged border officers ...

While the main goal of the landowners is to capture and disseminate photographs of immigrants entering the United States illegally, the camera is programmed to detect and record any movement. By delegating surveillance to a machine, human intention is lost, and the original purpose is transformed, resulting in an accelerated collection of images, which reveal not only immigrants, but all kinds of human, animal and natural activity. Therefore, I conceived AZ: move and get shot with the intention to reveal how this action of monitoring the border becomes something uncontrollable and potentially meaningless.“

Carmen Dobre-Hametner, Consuming History, 2015.

Consuming History, is a photographic series presented in the group exhibition Inventing the Truth. On Fiction and Reality, representing Romania at the 2015 Venice Biennale. The project documents a participative show which takes place in a former Soviet bunker near Vilnius, Lithuania where a team of actors, employed by a commercial entity, stage traumatic living during communism for locals and foreign tourists alike. The visitors are guided through the following experiences: a propaganda session, KGB interrogation, rudimentary medical examination, fingerprinting, military instruction, shopping in a communist store and having a typical communist meal. The show is not scripted and aims at maintaining a balance between the aggression which is applied to the participants and moments of relieving the tension, thus avoiding its transformation into another Stanford experiment. Rather than reviving the actual horrors of the Soviet past, the Survival Drama (the name of the show) fictionalizes history to the effect of exemplifying a touristic relationship to the past and the transformation thereof in a product ready of consumption.

Amalia Ulman, Excellences and Perfections. 2014.

On April 19, 2014, Amalia Ulman uploaded an image to her Instagram account of the words "Part I" in black serifed lettering on a white background. The caption read, cryptically, "Excellences & Perfections." It received twenty-eight likes.

For the next several months, she conducted a scripted online performance via her Instagram and Facebook profiles. As part of this project, titled Excellences & Perfections, Ulman underwent an extreme, semi-fictionalized makeover.

She pretended to have a breast augmentation, posting images of herself in a hospital gown and with a bandaged chest, using a padded bra and Photoshop to manipulate her image. Other elements of the makeover were not feigned; she followed the Zao Dha Diet strictly, for example, and went to pole-dancing lessons often.

Through judicious use of sets, props, and locations, Excellences & Perfections evoked a consumerist fantasy lifestyle. Ulman's Instagram account is a parade of carefully arranged flowers and expensive lingerie and highly groomed interiors and perfectly plated brunches. These images are excessive, but also believable—because they're so familiar. For many privileged users, social media is a way of selling one's lifestyle, of building one's brand. And Ulman went to great lengths to replicate the narrative conventions of these privileged feeds, from her use of captions and hashtags (#simple, #cutegasm), to the pace and timing of uploads, to the discerning inclusion of "authentic" intimate or emotional content (a photo of a lover or a moment of despair).

Critic Brian Droitcour has described the rise of social media as a rebalancing of image-making power: the "aestheticization of everyday life in social media…has leeched the authority of image-making from mass media and from art." In an important shift, social media has given far more people than ever before the means to self-publish.

Ulman conceived of Excellences & Perfections as a "boycott" of her own online persona. For three months, she allowed her profiles to be exactly what social media seems to demand—that she be a "Hot Babe." As a result, she garnered the support of other women who had endured similar makeovers or procedures. She earned criticism for seeming to promote retrograde physical ideals, she was the target of cheap flattery, vulgar propositions, and abusive comments. Her close friends were often confused, unable to demarcate the Ulman of social media as a separate fiction, even when she would try to explain the project away from the keyboard. By repeating a lie for three months, she created a truth that she was unable to dismantle.

NO HUMANS INVOLVED: AN OPEN LETTER TO MY COLLEAGUES by HOWDOYOUSAYYAMINAFRICAN?

http://thewayblackmachine.com/

"The varied projects of transdisciplinary collective HOWDOYOUSAYYAMINAFRICAN? are designed to function as laboratories for the investigation and production of discourse.

HOWDOYOUSAYYAMINAFRICAN?, a multi-disciplinary arts collective made up of 45 artists who have lived and worked together, in various iterations, for the past twenty years. The collective consists of visual artists, writers, poets, composers, academics, filmmakers and performers from around the world who collaborate across disciplines and cities. Projects conceived and created by this transnational collective ultimately function as laboratories for investigation, production and discourse.

This Web Experience is

Curated

by Richie Adomako, Christa Bell and Sienna Shields

Forum N.H.I.: Knowledge for the 21st Century. vol. 1, no. 1, Fall 1994.

You may have heard a radio news report which aired briefly during the days after the jury’s acquittal of the policemen in the Rodney King beating case. The report stated that public officials of the judicial system of Los Angeles routinely used the acronym N.H.I. to refer to any case involving a breach of the rights of young Black males who belong to the jobless category of the inner city ghettoes. N.H.I. means “no humans involved.”

Stephen Jay Gould argues that “systems of classification direct our thinking and order our behaviors.” [Gould, 1983] By classifying this category as N.H.I. these public officials would have given the police of Los Angeles the green light to deal with its members in any way they pleased. You may remember too that in the earlier case of the numerous deaths of young Black males caused by a specific chokehold used by Los Angeles police officers to arrest young Black males, the police chief Darryl Gates explained away these judicial murders by arguing that Black males had something abnormal with their windpipes. That they had to be classified and thereby treated differently from all other North Americans, except to a secondary degree, the darker-skinned Latinos. For in this classificatory schema too all “minorities” are equal except one category that of the peoples of African and of Afro-mixed descent who, as Andrew Hacker points out in his recent book, are the least equal of all.

“Certainly,” Hacker writes, in Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal (1992) “all persons deemed to be other than white, can detail how they have suffered discrimination at the hands of white America. Any allusions to racist attitudes and actions will find Cherokees and Chinese and Cubans agreeing with great vigor ... yet ...members of all these intermediate groups have been allowed to put a visible distance between themselves and Black Americans.”

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techbotic · 7 years ago

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Running Ubuntu VMs on Windows just got a whole lot more streamlined

Enlarge / Hyper-V Quick Create.

Microsoft and Canonical have been working for some time to make Ubuntu and Windows play nice with each other. Ubuntu was the first distribution supported in the Windows Subsystem for Linux, and now an Ubuntu image is available through Hyper-V Quick Create, which offers three-click creation of Virtual Machines.

The system image has Ubuntu Desktop 18.04 LTS configured and ready to go, and this showcases some of the other Linux integration work that Microsoft has been doing. The Hyper-V virtual machine client, Virtual Machine Connection, has two ways of working. The normal way is to display the output of the virtual video card that the virtual machine uses and, similarly, to emulate PS/2 mouse and keyboard input, as if the client were the physical hardware. This works with any operating system (the virtual video card supports rudimentary modes like VGA and the text mode used by DOS; it can also support high-resolution graphics modes when used with a suitable display driver). But it is relatively slow and inflexible.

The other way, used automatically with modern Windows VMs, is "Enhanced Session Mode." In an Enhanced Session, the virtual machine transmits a variation of RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol, Microsoft's protocol for Windows' Remote Desktop features) directly to the hypervisor, which then delivers it to the Hyper-V client. Enhanced Sessions have a number of advantages: you can resize the client window, and the VM is notified of the change of resolution; you can copy and paste between the virtual machine and the host; there's automatic sharing of folders between guest and host; and the mouse doesn't get trapped inside the client window.

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Running Ubuntu VMs on Windows just got a whole lot more streamlined published first on https://medium.com/@CPUCHamp

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digicrunchpage · 7 years ago

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Running Ubuntu VMs on Windows just got a whole lot more streamlined

Enlarge / Hyper-V Quick Create.

Read 3 remaining paragraphs | Comments

Running Ubuntu VMs on Windows just got a whole lot more streamlined published first on https://medium.com/@HDDMagReview

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margaretjcarpenter · 6 years ago

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Updated Parallels Desktop 14.1.2 Crack + Activation Key – Full Torrent 2019 [Win/Mac]

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terrymburnside · 7 years ago

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Running Ubuntu VMs on Windows just got a whole lot more streamlined

Enlarge / Hyper-V Quick Create.

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neptunecreek · 7 years ago

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Facing Facebook: Data Portability and Interoperability Are Anti-Monopoly Medicine

Social media has a competition problem, and its name is Facebook. Today, Facebook and its subsidiaries are over ten times more valuable than the next two largest social media companies outside China—Twitter and Snapchat—combined. It has cemented its dominance by buying out potential competitors before they’ve had a chance to grow (like Instagram) and waging wars of attrition against others (like Snapchat) when it can’t. Because of its massive reach across much of the world, the platform can effectively censor public speech, perform psychological experiments, and potentially sway elections on the scale of a nation-state. And if users don’t like the way Facebook wields this power, there is nowhere else as ubiquitous or as well-populated for them to go.

It’s going to take multiple changes to fix the problems, in free expression and elsewhere, caused by Facebook’s dominance. If we’re going to have a real shot at it, one thing that needs to change is giving users meaningful control of their own data.

Facebook’s trove of user data is its most valuable asset, which presents a dilemma. Thanks to network effects, every user who joins a social network makes it more valuable for advertisers and more useful to everyone else. Without some access to the data Facebook has, it’s virtually impossible for upstart platforms to compete with the behemoth now used by nearly a third of the world.

At the same time, the ways Facebook chooses to share its data often go terribly wrong. Users have been rightfully outraged to learn about Facebook’s troublesome use and misuse of their data in the past, including the recent Cambridge Analytica scandal. Since these breaches of trust were often enabled by Facebook’s third-party APIs, some analysts have come to the conclusion that there’s an unavoidable trade-off between interoperability and privacy.

There’s some truth to that, but it’s too simplistic. And it leads to appointing Facebook keeper and protector of the world’s data.

We believe there’s another way to look at it.

Facebook should let users take back control of their own data. This doesn’t raise the same privacy problems as letting third parties suck up everything about all of us. If done with care, it can be accomplished without opening the door to shady actors like Cambridge Analytica. In addition, Facebook has to start thinking differently about how it interacts with third-party developers. Instead of granting them access to data but forcing them to work within its walled garden, Facebook should serve as a hub, allowing developers to create new experiences for users that build off of the core service it offers and hosts. Ultimately, Facebook does not have to be any less diligent about protecting users from malicious actors. It just has to stop “protecting” them from legitimate competitors.

Facebook already recognizes that it is under pressure to improve its data portability story. Last week it announced that, along with Twitter, it was joining Microsoft and Google’s data portability initiative, the Data Transfer Project. While we applaud that move on behalf of all of these tech companies, our concern is that this, and similar, projects will be used to fend off regulation without substantially changing the status quo. The Data Transfer Project is a set of tools and standards to make it technologically easier to move data from one place to another. However, without substantive changes to the Facebook’s policies and processes, this project alone won’t give us meaningful portability away from the tech giants or tools that empower end-users themselves.

We think Facebook should:

Give users a tool for real data portability. That includes a way to export the rich contact list that Facebook hosts and the tracking data Facebook collects without meaningful consent.

Open up its platform policy to enable competitors, cooperators, and follow-on innovators. Allow developers to use Facebook’s APIs for software that modifies or competes with the core Facebook experience.

Interoperate with next generation of social networks via open standards. Adapt Facebook’s APIs to use the W3C’s social web protocols where appropriate, and allow open, federated services like Mastodon to work with Facebook as partners.

Let’s go into more detail on each of these.

Make data truly portable

Data portability allows a user to take their data and move it to a different platform. Many tech companies have long supported data portability as a core value.

Facebook, however, has a history of taking advantage of the data portability features offered by other companies as a means to an end: growing its own network. In its early years, for example, Facebook benefited immensely from Google's portability efforts. Facebook encouraged users to download their contacts lists from Gmail, then upload them to Facebook, in order to build out its social network.

At the same time, Facebook has always dragged its feet when it comes to portability from its own platform. In its early years, Facebook displayed users’ email addresses on their profile pages, not as text, but as images, making it frustratingly difficult to download lists of friends’ contact information, or even to copy and paste a single address into an email client. Until recently, Facebook’s data export tool provided users with an inscrutable, unparseable mess of text and HTML.

Europe’s General Data Privacy Regulation (GDPR), which took effect May 25, 2018, declares data portability a basic right for all European citizens. In accordance with GDPR, Facebook’s newest export tool allows users everywhere to download their data in the machine-readable JSON format. But Facebook’s export tool only includes a small subset of the data the company actually has about its users, and it falls short of empowering users to pick up their data and take their business elsewhere.

Facebook’s promise to work with the Data Transport Project is encouraging, but if they don’t use it as an opportunity to address wider issues with their current tools, it won’t mean substantial change for users.

Free the friends list

Facebook’s newest data-export tool exports friends lists—the building blocks of the social network, and arguably the data most critical to its competitive advantage—in the form of plain-text names without unique identifiers. This makes it impossible for a user to take their list of friends to a competing service. Any social network trying to parse Facebook’s list won’t be able to tell whether “John Smith” refers to John Smith in Haight-Ashbury, John Smith in Sri Lanka, or John Smith the 17th-century British explorer.

Facebook has claimed it doesn’t want to let users export their friends’ email addresses for privacy reasons, but remember that Facebook was more than happy to take advantage of Gmail’s tool to grow its own network. Facebook could build a better export tool without raising tough privacy questions. Associating names with unique identifiers, like “John Smith, user number 100372813,” would allow competing services to disambiguate common names.

It’s not just competing social media companies that would benefit. Facebook friends lists are essentially rich “contact lists” that give its other products, especially WhatsApp and Messenger, a distinct competitive advantage. Facebook was built on data ported from the incumbent services of its time. Now, it’s time to return the favor.

Let users see how they’re being tracked

Another area where Facebook’s tool is seriously lacking is in the advertisement data it exports. The company tracks whenever you use one of the hundreds of thousands of websites and apps that use Facebook technology, and it uses those data to target ads. You can see a list of plain-text “topics” that Facebook believes you’re interested in, but there is no record of the browsing data the company used to determine those interests.

With these trackers, Facebook is engaged in massive, nonconsensual surveillance of its users’ habits both on the web and on their phones. You can’t opt out of collection or delete these data—the best you can do is to stop it with a tracker blocker like Privacy Badger. We think Facebook should stop this entirely, but the least it can do is let you see what it knows. If you could download Facebook’s ad-targeting database about you, other advertisers might pay handsomely for it, giving you a way to share in the profits from Facebook’s surveillance. You could construct a detailed record of where you’ve been, what sites you’ve visited, and what advertisers have paid Facebook for your eyeballs.

Recently, Facebook has hinted at giving users the ability to delete historical tracking data about them. This would be a great step forward, but ultimately, users deserve full control of when and how they are tracked. That includes first-class access to the detailed data Facebook has.

Interoperate, Federate, Innovate

Interoperability is the extent to which one platform’s infrastructure can work with others. In software parlance, interoperability is usually achieved through Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)—interfaces that allow other developers to interact with an existing software service. For example, Facebook’s APIs allow third-party apps to verify a user’s identity, access their data, and even post on their behalf with that user’s permission.

When big companies build interoperable platforms, it’s often a boon to everyone. “Follow-on innovators” can leverage the tools that a platform has pioneered to make better experiences for the platform’s users, to offer novel tools that build on the platform’s strengths, and to allow users to interact with multiple major services at the same time. For example, PadMapper started by organizing data about rental housing pulled from Craigslist posts and presenting it in a useful way; Trillian allowed users to use multiple IM services through the same client and added features like encryption on top of AIM, Skype, and email. On a larger scale, digital interoperability enables decentralized, federated services like email, modern telephony networks, and the World Wide Web. Facebook’s lack of true interoperability, especially for enhancing or competing services, is one of the ways it has cemented its position.

Use app review to protect users, not stifle innovation

The Cambridge Analytica scandal was a result of Facebook offering extremely powerful APIs to third-party apps. Facebook made it too easy for apps to request data about users and all of their friends, and too easy for users to agree to sharing data without understanding the implications.

In response to the scandal, Facebook has tightened control over their interoperable tools across the board and removed some of the more problematic APIs altogether. However, the scandal has also given the company an excuse to make life more difficult for would-be innovators. We must detangle the two if we’re going to reduce Facebook’s power.

Currently, the “platform policy” that Facebook requires developers to agree to in order to use its APIs is designed to protect Facebook’s interests as much as, if not more than, its users’. For example, Section 4.2 prevents offering “experiences that change the way Facebook looks and functions.” This explicitly prevents app developers from trying to improve the UI, or even allowing users to customize it for themselves. Other clauses, like “respect the limits we’ve placed on Facebook functionality,” similarly reflect Facebook’s desire to maintain tight control over the ways its users interact with their data in the platform.

Furthermore, Section 4.1 states, “Don’t replicate core functionality that Facebook already provides.” This gives the company grounds to reject any competitive social network that would federate its service with Facebook.

App review is an important practice, and Facebook should continue working to prevent malicious developers from leveraging its platform to harm users. However, the company should allow others to build on and differ from what it has created in meaningful ways. A platform as vast and powerful as Facebook should be a jumping-off point for innovators, not a means for the company to impose a single experience on everyone in its network.

Interface with the next generation of federated social networks

Successful interoperability is almost always powered by open standards. Email is a good example. Thanks to widely-adopted protocols like SMTP and IMAP, you can sign up for an account on FastMail and send messages to your friends who use Gmail, Yahoo, AOL, and Microsoft seamlessly. Email is a federated service: it comprises many decentralized, independent service providers that communicate with a set of common, open standards. As a result, users get to choose both the company they trust to host their messages and the software they use to access them.

Facebook should adapt their APIs to work with the World Wide Web Consortium’s recently-developed Social Web Protocols, like ActivityStreams and ActivityPub. This would give developers a stable, flexible interface to Facebook’s platform and make it possible for Facebook to interoperate with the next generation of federated services like Mastodon. In the future, Facebook could become just one of a vast network of independent social servers. Users could choose to host their data on the service with the features and policies that they preferred and still be able to interact with their friends on Facebook and elsewhere.

It’s Not Just Facebook

There was a time when data portability was seen as a positive goal for emerging tech companies: Mark Zuckerberg said recently — with a tone of regret — that it was something Facebook engineers considered, many years ago:

I do think early on on the platform we had this very idealistic vision around how data portability would allow all these different new experiences, and I think the feedback that we’ve gotten from our community and from the world is that privacy and having the data locked down is more important to people than maybe making it easier to bring more data and have different kinds of experiences.

We disagree that’s how the feedback Facebook is receiving from users and lawmakers should be interpreted. What users want is both security and real control over their experience — and they don’t want to cede how to do that exclusively to what Mark Zuckerberg decides is appropriate.

But, to be clear, a choice between having Facebook decide what your needs are, or Google or Twitter or Microsoft, can’t be enough either. When we’re talking about nearly 8 billion people, it’s inconceivable that a handful of (largely American) companies will be able to deliver that balance for everybody.

With initiatives like the Data Transfer Project, we are concerned that these companies are already acting as though the most important portability is between their own shared conception of what an Internet service is. The Data Transfer Project will enable users to move data directly between two services, but it remains to be seen what data Facebook lets you transfer and where it lets those data go. We know there’s more to the Internet than this decade’s version of a successful, venture-capital funded, West Coast company. All of these companies need to hand back over control of people’s data, so we can decide what we want to do with it.

How We Get There

Facebook has the power to make all of these changes on its own. Doing so would mean a more socially responsible company, a better experience for its users, and a more level playing field for its competition. If the company isn’t willing to help, governments may have to step in. Congress can pass laws that mandate real data portability, as the GDPR already does in Europe. Such laws should require that data like a user’s friends list be accessible to that user in a useful format. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has authority to impose “behavioral remedies” on companies that illegally maintain market power. Fixes for data portability and interoperability could be part of an antitrust remedy or negotiated settlement with the FTC.

And if some politicians are reticent to regulate the tech industry, there’s still work that could be done to empower users to fix the problem themselves — by fixing laws that prevent users from taking their data back. Facebook and the other tech giants fence off their data, even from end-users, through their narrow terms of service that seek to limit what users — or their tools — can do on a site or service. Users shouldn’t have to fear losing access to their account just because they have decided to download or scrape their own data from it. And no one in the Internet ecology should fear prosecution from statutes like the CFAA for empowering users to move, delete or examine the data that big tech has on them.

None of these solutions are not a panacea. Facebook wields other kinds of market power which smaller companies may not be able to overcome, and which we may need to address in other ways. But data portability and interoperability could help transform Facebook from an obstacle to a catalyst for innovation. If it were more feasible for users to take their data and move elsewhere, Facebook would need to compete on the strength of its product rather than on the difficulty of starting over. And if the platform were more interoperable, smaller companies could work with the infrastructure Facebook has already created to build innovative new experiences and open up new markets. Users are trapped in a stagnant, sick system. Freeing their data and giving them control are the first steps towards a cure.

This summer, EFF is looking at how corporate concentration is harming the Internet and how to fix it. Interoperability and data portability are just one set of tools, and Facebook is just one company. Stay tuned for more discussion about what’s wrong, who’s responsible, and the right and wrong ways to address it.

Related Cases:

Facebook v. Power Ventures

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etechwire-blog · 7 years ago

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iOS 11 and iOS 11.4 features and updates

New Post has been published on https://www.etechwire.com/ios-11-and-ios-11-4-features-and-updates/

iOS 11 and iOS 11.4 features and updates

The iOS 11.4 update has launched for iPhone and iPad, and Apple is bringing new iOS features such as AirPlay 2 and Messages in the Cloud today.

iOS 11 is a big deal even if you’re not buying the new iPhone X or iPhone 8. Your device may feel like new thanks to several user interface changes and fresh features.

Importantly, the latest version of Apple’s software fixes irritating iOS 11 problems and adds a battery health function to track and even halt performance throttling.

So what’s iOS 11.4 like? Is it worth downloading or waiting for iOS 12 at the Apple WWDC 2018 keynote? And is it bug-free enough for you to do so? Below are our thoughts on every major feature.

Latest update: iOS 11.4

iOS 11.4 has two new front-facing features, and likely a host of bug fixes behind the scenes. And both of the features are long-overdue promises from last year’s WWDC.

Multi-room audio, stereo HomePod support and Messages in the Cloud are new to iOS 11.4.

Specifically, AirPlay 2 brings multi-room audio to your Apple devices and Bluetooth-connected speakers. You can play music in more than just one room and ask Siri to play songs in certain rooms on command. We also get stereo HomePod support with the new update.

Messages in the Cloud is the other highlight to iOS 11.4. It backs up your iMessages and text messages, and syncs them across devices. This means you’ll free up internal storage, and if you delete a message on one device, happens on every device. That’s handy.

iOS 11.3 features

Four new Animoji: lion, dragon, skull and bear

New battery health menu and AR improvements

No iMessages in iCloud or AirPlay 2 multi-room audio

Avoid it if you had a third-party screen replacement

You download the iOS 11.3 today and we recommend it – unless you have an iPhone 8 screen that was repaired by a third-party (not Apple). Some people experienced a disabled touchscreen, which is devastating on an iPhone. Everyone else should download the update right away.

With iOS 11.3, you can assume new Animoji masks, just in case you think their 15 minutes of Karaoke Animoji fame isn’t over yet.

There are four new Animoji masks for the iPhone X coming with 11.3: lion, dragon, skull and bear. Sadly, you still can’t use Animoji outside of the iMessages app yet.

The four new Animoji masks Apple has added to iOS 11.3

Apple is even more bullish on AR, so it’s bringing ARKit 1.5 to the masses with the ability to more accurately map virtual objects to new surfaces, including irregular shaped walls. We got to see this demoed on the new iPad 2018 with an app called Boulevard AR.

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You’ll find a new battery health menu in iOS 11.3 settings menu. Apple is labeling it a beta, but it can already tell your maximum battery capacity, indicating how much it has degraded. Our five-month-old iPhone X can charge up to 99%, for example.

Older iPhones will also find the ability switch off performance throttling in the battery menu if they favor normal phone speed over battery longevity. This was at the heart of the iPhone slowdown scandal that sparked the new for this menu.

Here’s what you won’t find on iOS 11.3: Messages still can’t be stored on iCloud in this update. Apple has promised to free up space on your phone, which is handy if you text photos and videos to your friends. Also, when you delete a message, it vanishes on your other devices (like a Mac or iPad). They’re in the iOS 11.4 beta right now, so we expect to see this missing features very soon.

We’re also waiting to test out AirPlay 2 with multi-room audio on a pair of Apple HomePod speakers. The feature is also absent from iOS 11.3.

iOS 11.2 features

Apple Pay Cash made its US debut on December 4

Users can send money to each other via iMessage

Apple Pay Cash, which lets you send money to friends through iMessages, made its debut in iOS 11.2 along with some bug fixes.

The company’s peer-to-peer payments system started rolling out to iPhone and iPad users on December 4, though it’s only in the US so far.

iOS 11.1 features

iOS 11.1 added over 100 new emoji

Warning: only users with iOS 11.1 can send and receive them

iOS 11.1 launched on Tuesday, October 31, directly ahead of Friday’s iPhone X release date. It’s a natural time to make sweeping changes to the mobile OS.

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The big highlight are the new iOS 11.1 emoji. There a hundred new or changed emoji you can send (or receive) if you make the update. Note: they won’t show up properly for anyone running iOS 10.0.3 or below.

iOS 11 features exclusive to iPhone X, iPhone 8

iOS 11 includes a couple of iPhone X-exclusive features that you won’t find on the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus, or older handsets.

Apple is combining emoji with animations, and it takes advantage of the iPhone X’s 3D face-scanning TrueDepth camera array. The result is Animoji, which tracks the muscles in your face to animate the emoji. All of your Messages texts will benefit (or suffer, depending on your view of expressive emoji).

Face ID and home-button-replacing gesture-swiping will also be an iPhone X-only feature. Face ID replaces Touch ID as a biometric sensor, and it’s going to take time for people to learn how iOS 11 replaces the home button on the new flagship Apple phone.

Portrait Lighting, also available on the iPhone 8 and 8 Plus, is an option Apple has added to its existing background-blurring Portrait Mode photos. It uses the dual-lens depth-sensing camera and machine learning to simulate a range of lighting effects: Contour Light, Natural Light, Stage Light, Stage Light Mono, and Studio Light.

Watch our video below to learn all about the iPhone X, iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus

How iOS 11 changes your current iPhone and iPad

iOS is an especially big upgrade for the iPad, which can now be considered a more viable laptop replacement thanks to revamped iOS multitasking. Both the iPad and iPhone get a much-needed Control Center reorganization too.

Apple Pay will support peer-to-peer money transfer, there are new camera modes, Siri is smarter, and iOS 11 (finally) thrusts Apple to the forefront of augmented reality innovation with ARKit.

Here the highlights of iOS 11 beta, and how it’ll enhance your existing iPhone and iPad experience.

New multi-tasking grid view with a redesigned Control Center

iOS 11 dock makes iPad multitasking easy

The new iPad Pro 10.5 and iPad Pro 12.9 are becoming laptop replacements for many people, and iOS 11 makes that a reality thanks to improved multitasking.

iOS 11 includes a dock just like a Mac computer, and it follows you from app-to-app along the bottom. It’s hidden, but you can always swipe up to access it.

The bottom app dock also shows up in the multitasking menu, which is now laid out in a grid. It’s easier to jump between apps now, just like on any MacBook.

TechRadar’s take: This is the most important iOS 11 change if you own a newer iPad. We found that the new dock and multitasking grid menu felt less like a siloed app switcher and more like a multi-window-friendly computer. That’s important for the growing number of people who use their iPad Pro as a laptop replacement.

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Drag and drop apps right into split-screen view

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You can also drag and drop photos and hyperlinks across split-screen apps

iOS 11 problems

The first iOS 11 problems emerged on launch day, but really, they’ve existed in the beta, too. We’re just seeing more people experience (and complain about) the bugs now.

Besides the usual battery drain issues and Wi-Fi and Bluetooth troubles, people we noticing that Control Center won’t disable Wi-Fi and Bluetooth from the quick settings toggles.

Instead, you have navigate to the normal settings menu. Control Center simply disconnects you from your current Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connections. That’s helpful-ish, but not properly labeled.

Drag and drop comes to the iPad

Drag and Drop also debuts on iOS 11, and instantly launches apps in split-screen mode when you drag them to the side of the screen.

You can also transport items across a split screen: text, photos, hyperlinks, files, and so on. This – not the iMac Pro – is Apple’s answer to a touchscreen computer.

iOS 11 makes the iPad feel more like a laptop than merely a super-sized iPhone, and it’s something that no Android tablet, not even the new Samsung Galaxy Tab S3, offers today.

Drag and Drop for iPhone may be a possibility in the future.

TechRadar’s take: Drag and drop removes several unnecessary steps when using an iPad for productivity purposes. In our testing, we were relieved to no longer be forced to copy and then paste simple text and photos between a split-screen menu. It’s all right there. For the last two years we’ve thought you should be able to drag and drop. Now you can.

iOS 11 features hint at iPhone 8 AR

iOS 11 just gave Apple the largest AR platform in the world – overnight, thanks to so many iPhones and iPads bing out there. It’s an instant boon for augmented reality fans and developers alike.

That’s why the developer-focused Apple ARKit is a big deal for everyone, not just app makers. Get ready for a futuristic life in augmented reality.

The App Store is currently being filled with AR games and software tools. We downloaded a fun game called Flat Pack and used an IKEA app to place furniture in a tiny, tiny New York City apartment bedroom (nothing fit, it turns out).

Developers will continue to create AR apps, overlaying virtual objects on the real world using your iPhone or iPad and its camera. It’s like a really advanced version of Pokemon Go, but with many more possibilities.

Apple just created a new playground for millions of existing devices, and put the Microsoft Hololens and Google Tango on notice.

TechRadar’s take: The AR apps in the App Store right now are mostly filled with “extra AR levels.” That said, we’re very hopeful for Apple’s big AR push given how many iOS devices there are out there. It’ll take a bit of time to flesh out this idea.

iOS 11 puts Apple Pencil to the test

The Apple Pencil is a great little tool for the iPad Pro series, but our one complaint in our iPad Pro 9.7 review was that you can’t use it everywhere you’d like to in apps.

That all changes with iOS 11. Instant Markup lets you draw on PDFs and photos, while Instant Notes lets you jot things down ASAP – right from the lock screen.

All of your Instant Notes on the lock screen are saved in Notes, so don’t worry. And drawing on Notes near existing text cleverly now moves the text out of the way.

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Take notes, even from the lock screen. It saves in Notes, don’t worry

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You can mark-up with the Apple Pencil right from PDFs and images

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Text, move out of the way. I’m drawing here!

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Scan and sign documents without the need for a multi-function printer

Document Scanner in Notes does away with the need to painstakingly scan important documents that you need to sign.

It scans, crops edges, removes tilt and glare and lets you fill in the blanks or sign away with an Apple Pencil.

TechRadar’s take: This is another significant update for the iPad Pro series. We’re not saying the Apple Pencil was useless, but the scenarios for it were very limited (hello, artists). Now, iOS 11 makes it a productivity tool, and it goes hand-in-hand with the wizardry of Apple’s document scan.

New iPad keyboard shortcuts

Apple is making a big productivity push with the iPad Pro 10.5-inch, and iOS 11 is doing its part with tweaked keyboard shortcuts.

You won’t have to switch to the second keyboard layer any more

It combines letter keys with numbers, symbols and punctuation marks (currently found on the second keyboard layer), letting you access them with a new flicking gesture.

Flicking these secondary numbers and symbols downward is easier than having to switch back and forth between the two layers. We kind of wish it were coming to the iPhone 7 Plus, too.

TechRadar’s take: This is one of the smallest iOS 11 changes, but also one of the most important. Not having to flip back and forth between keyboard layers saves you a step, which results in about half a second of saved time. Add them up over the course of the day, and you’ve got more time on your hands and a less stressful means of typing out a real email that’s longer than one line. We really like this new iOS 11 feature.

Apple Files opens up your many clouds

Apple is debuting a new Files app in iOS 11 that lets you sort through all of your files. Your can browse, search and organize them all in one place.

Apple Files not only has recent files from your iPad, but on other iOS devices, in iCloud Drive and from other services, including Box, Google Drive and Dropbox.

It’s just one more way Apple is trying to make the iPad Pro a de facto computer for people who don’t need a MacBook 2017 or iMac Pro.

TechRadar’s take: This move, like announcing the Apple Pencil two years ago, goes against what we expected from the company. However, it’s a welcome change with iOS 11. You may not use files right away, but as you rely on the new remote document and photo repository more and more, it’ll become essential to your device.

iMessages won’t take up your storage anymore

Update: launching with iOS 11.3 beta

iOS 11 makes iMessages even better than it already is with seamless iCloud syncing across your iPhone, iPad and Mac.

That means two things. First, when you delete a conversation bubble on an iPad, it’ll also disappear on your iPhone and MacBook Pro. Great.

Second, it frees up all of your iMessage storage, a real problem for rabid texters who have been with Apple since iMessage first launched.

Whether or not you know it, iMessages take up a bunch of space in your iPhone and iPad. It’s all of that ‘Other’ storage in yellow if you ever look in iTunes.

Soon, with iOS 11, you’ll be able to back up all of your iMessages to iCloud as they get archived to Apple’s secure internet servers. That’s a big relief.

TechRadar’s take: The fact that iOS 11 syncs iMessages between devices via iCloud is a bigger change than all of the cosmetic, sticker-filled additions we got with iOS 10. Why? Because even though it’s a great texting app, especially since you can message people on a Mac and iPad (something that’s not easy to do natively on Android), messages can get out of order or remain on your other devices once you delete them. The fact that it frees up a lot of storage from the yellow ‘Other’ mystery bar is a bonus.

Apple Pay payments to friends

Update: Apple Pay Cash debuted in the US in December

Apple Pay has expanded to include person-to-person payment features when you upgrade to iOS 11. It’s exactly what Venmo and PayPal do right now, but via an app-free solution.

Apple Pay payments use Touch ID (or Face ID) for authentication and iMessages to send payments between friends or other contacts who owe you money.

With so many contactless payment options on iOS right now, including Gmail and Facebook, there’s no reason to avoid paying back your friends.

Plus it has the enhancement of being able to use Apple Pay Cash right away via any terminal that accepts Apple Pay. This means you won’t have to wait for the money your friends give you to be deposited in your bank account.

TechRadar’s take: This is Apple’s me-too attempt to expand Apple Pay into a Venmo rival, and it’s overall a good thing. Whether or not most users will get a lot of use out of it remains to be seen. It’s hard to drive awareness to this new iOS 11 feature, even if it can be handy in everyday life with friends.

Just a note: Apple Pay Cash didn’t launching right away and isn’t a worldwide feature just yet. It debuted in the US on December 4, 2017.

Welcome to the new App Store

We didn’t get an iTunes refresh at WWDC 2017, but iOS 11 is giving us a brand new App Store on the iPhone and iPad.

The Today tab leads things off by refreshing its app picks daily and telling stories behind the top apps. The format feels very much like what Apple did in Music last year.

Don’t worry, every app will still have a product page, but iOS 11 is putting a lot of focus on the new ‘Games’ and ‘Apps’ tabs to spotlight the best in those areas.

Apple says the new App Store on your mobile devices is ‘designed for discovery’ and is a way to make app downloading exciting again, like it was nine years ago.

TechRadar take: We’ve looked around the new App Store on iOS 11 and like what we see for the most part. The updates tab isn’t as streamlined due to more white space among menus and larger text that spans more lines than before, but everywhere else there is of benefit. It’s about time things changed for this app.

Siri is smarter and sounds different

Siri is getting a more natural-sounding voice with the iOS 11 update, and you’re able to pick between female and male voice options.

To make Siri sound like an AI from the future, Apple gave it a way to say the same word with different tones. It’s not always the same robot-like pronunciation.

Siri is boosting its contextual learning, too, going as far as surfacing different word suggestions after you read a specific news story in Apple News or Safari.

Did you just read some news about Iceland and are starting to type in a word like Reykjavik? Let Siri finish up that forthcoming typo of yours.

Siri is on 375 million devices, and is in more languages and more countries than any other personal assistant. So Apple is taking advantage of that with iOS 11.

It uses deep learning for quick translations like we haven’t seen before. Want to order an authentic dish in Chinese? Just have Siri say it for you.

TechRadar’s tech: The iOS 11 proves that Siri isn’t just smarter, but sounds more human in this version of the operating system. In addition to being more useful and competing with Google Assistant and Alexa, it’s nice to see Siri sound less like a robot.

iOS 11 revamps Control Center

iOS 11 gives Control Center a complete overhaul with an all-in-one look to put quick controls at your fingertips – without having to swipe between menus.

Everything is combined now: system controls, app shortcuts and music controls. Just pull up from the bottom of the screen and there they are.

It’s a lot different than before, so the design will force you to get used to the new arrangement (you’ll probably hate it on day one, love it on day two). Of course, it’ll be easier and faster once it becomes second nature.

You’ll also be able to disable Control Center in apps. This is helpful for games where swiping up may be a means to control on-screen characters or maps.

TechRadar’s take: Don’t let Control Center’s unrefined, button-filled looks fool you. It’s a great new addition to the iOS 11 feature list. We’ve been asking for custom shortcuts in this menu since it first launched, and now we finally have them (at least for a lot of first-party apps and settings).

It still doesn’t have a fast way to change up or connect to new Wi-Fi and Bluetooth signals – you’ll need to go to the settings app for that. But everything else is a step in the right direction compared to the multi-pane Control Center from years past.

Lock screen and notification center are now one

Lock screen notifications and notification center are joining forces in iOS 11, and that makes it easier to see which older alerts you’ve missed.

Swiping up on the normal lock screen will display notifications from earlier in the day, essentially giving you access to notification center from the lock screen.

Meanwhile, the usual notification center gesture (swipe down from the top of your iPhone) brings up the new lock screen/notification center menu.

TechRadar’s take: Remember how getting rid of slide to unlock in favor of using the Touch ID button really threw you in last year’s update (and many people disabled the press down means of lock screen entry)? This is on the same level. It takes some time to get used to.

It’s helpful, but we’re used to swiping notifications left or right on the home screen, which now leads to the Today menu or the camera app, even if you’re overtop of a notification. This requires more of a muscle memory retraining than anything else.

New camera modes and photo storage

The iOS 11 camera app debuts new modes that further chip away at the need to always bring a high-end DSLR with you. It’s that advanced.

Apple’s Live Photos take on Instagram’s Loop app with its own Loop and Bounce options. Either play them in a loop or have them rock back and forth endlessly.

Long exposures are going to let you capture still photos with proper motion blur. Think: waterfalls, car traffic tail lights, stars moving across the night sky.

New filters are also coming to iOS 11, with Apple promising that portrait photos will be expressive and skin tones more natural in the end.

It’s also changing the way we store videos and photos with new standards, HEIF (High Efficiency Image Format) and HEVC (High Efficiency Video Codec).

The good news here is that these next-generation compression technologies won’t take up nearly as much storage – and you’ll never even notice.

TechRadar’s take: Live Photos have been fun, but they’re never perfect, especially if you have a cool motion photo that ends with you pointing your camera down toward the ground because you thought the moving photo would have stopped recording by then. Now you can trim them and loop them for better effects.

Driving without distraction thanks to iOS 11

You shouldn’t be driving and texting anyway, but Apple is literally driving that point home with a new Do Not Disturb While Driving feature in iOS 11.

It’ll shut off notifications just like Do Not Disturb, but do so automatically if you are behind the wheel. Apple concedes not everyone has Apple CarPlay just yet, which it argues is a safer, hands-free solution.

But this feature allows you to drive safely without it. It will even shoot a text over to those who try to contact you with a message saying that you will get back to them shortly.

What if you’re just a law-abiding passenger? It’s easy to confirm that, so you can continue to ignore the driver by looking at important cat GIFs on your iPhone.

What if you really need to get in contact with someone? You can enter the word “urgent” to break through the Do No Disturb feature.

TechRadar’s take: We have already found this useful driving in our car. It turns on automatically and asks us if we’re the one driving, just in case we’re not. You do have an out as a passenger. We also found there’s an automatic text reply that can optionally be sent to anyone who messages you while you’re driving. Another step-saving iOS 11 improvement.

Apple Maps goes indoors, adds lane assist

One less distraction comes with Maps, which is getter smarter on the road and even indoors as of the iOS 11 update.

Lane assist and speed limits are coming to Apple Maps, which is handy for safe driving in all ways. Maps has come a long way since its disastrous inception.

And while Apple isn’t done improving Apps outdoors, it’s going indoors, too with detailed maps of hundreds of airports and malls around the world.

This is the future: finding out which restaurants are past security at LAX or which stores are on level three of the multi-story mall is possible with iOS 11.

TechRadar’s take: Apple Maps has only become reliable in the last year, and it’s starting to give Google some competition with these new features. It’s playing catch-up with lane assist, but we’re intrigued by the possibilities of indoor mapping. That’s not really a thing other mapping apps do, never mind Apple Maps

Your music just got better with iOS 11

Apple is expanding its already leading presence in Smart Home control with new iOS 11 multi-speaker controls and further tweaking the Apple Music design.

This is great news ahead of the Apple HomePod launch.

AirPlay 2 will let you control several speakers throughout your house with a new Apple Home menu. Everything can be in sync on all of your home speakers.

Apple Music is getting equally exciting changes. You’ll be able to amass better playlists by consulting with your friends – without ever having to ask them thanks to shared playlists, albums and stations.

Siri is getting in on music curation, too, with Apple promising that as of iOS 11, its virtual assistant knows sounds you love and can answer band trivia.

TechRadar’s take: Multi-room audio, whether or not you have Apple’s new speaker, is a great addition to iOS 11. it remains to be seen, however, if your existing speaker will be able to upgrade to support Apple’s AirPlay 2 standard. Everything else about the Music app changes we like, especially the ability to curate playlists based on what friends are listening to.

Which iPhones are compatible with iOS 11

Apple has limited its iOS 11 update to phones that run the 64-bit chipset, first introduced with the iPhone 5S, meaning all iPhones before this with a 32-bit processor won’t get the update. The same goes for older apps that haven’t been updated for the faster chipset. They just won’t work.

Which iPads are compatible with iOS 11?

When it comes to iOS 11, the iPad mini 2, mini 3, and mini 4 are still holding it, even though Apple hasn’t made a new iPad mini in several years. All four iPad Pro sizes are compatible with iOS 11, too, as are the two iPad Air tablets.

#features #iOS #updates

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takecrack · 7 years ago

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assignmentsolutions4me · 7 years ago

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CSC8512 | ADVANCED SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION ASSIGNMENT 1 | NETWORKING

Question 1 (marks 25)

A research group at your institution wants to incorporate revision control into their project so they can track the user changes made to the

They have come to you to write a Git HOWTO using the Linux Git command-line interface and with explicit examples using the Mercury code base. All work on the code will be done on the institution’s Linux HPC, so all user repositories will be local to that machine. They store the “master” code base on their HPC in the directory /home/Mercury/mercury6. This directory is readable and writeable by the Unix group “mercury”. All researches using the code are in that group.

The HOWTO needs to cover the following topics:

A basic description of Git and how it differs from other revision control systems, such as CVS, SVN, darcs, etc.

A short description of the user’s basic workflow when using a Gitrepository.

How to initialise a Git repository for an existing code base. In this case the master code in the directory /home/Mercury/mercury6.

How to clone an existing master Git repository to a local working repository.

How to add new files and modified files to the local working Git repository.

How to recover a particular version of a file from the local Git working repository.

How to check the status of the local Git repository.

How to view the change history of the local Git repository.

How to push local repository changes back to the master Git repos-itory.

How to pull changes from the master Git repository into the local Git repository.

Permissions that must be set on the master Git repository so that it can be cloned by users in the research group.

Permissions that must be set on the users’ local repository so changes can be pushed to the main repository.

Notes:

The purpose of every Git command used must be explained.

The options used for every Git command must be explained.

Every Git command mentioned must show an example of the command using the Mercury code base.

Every Git command example must include the command output.

The code in the directory /home/Mercury/mercury6 is the Master and all users are pushing their local changes to the master, and pulling other peoples changes from the master to their local copy.

The Mercury code is used by the USQ Astronomy group to model the dynamics of Exo-planetary systems. A typical modelling se-quence requires running the code a million times with each run integrating the system forward in time a million years and log if the system is stable or unstable (a planetary collision or ejection).

The “git” packages are not installed on the virtual machine, they will need to be installed if you plan to use it to do this question. To install any packages the guest NAT network which connects the guest OS to the Internet through the host’s Internet connection must be brought up. To “bring-up” the NAT interface see the man-pages ifup(8) and interfaces(5)

Question 2 (marks 25)

Authentication under modern Unix systems is handled by the Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) system. In about a page and in your own words explain the PAM system as it is implemented on a Linux distri-bution and why it was introduced.

Using the login service file found in the course virtual machine (see /etc/pam.d/login) as an example, explain how a service is con-figured and discuss the implications of each configuration line. Your explanation should include discussions on the following:

what is the module-type parameter,

what is the control flag,

what does it mean that the service file is a stack,

what is a pam module.

Notes:

Be aware that there are subtle differences between different Unix distributions—the question explicitly states discuss the Linux ver-sion only!

The topics above are linked to each other and the question, they are not independent of each other. They are provided as a minimal guide only. Do not simply write an unconnected paragraph on each without linking the concepts together. Marks will be lost if your answer appears to be cut and pasted from the Internet.

List all resources used in answering this question.

Please do not fall into the trap of answering the question by us-ing unexplained technical terms—you must explain all technical terms used especially if they have not been used anywhere else in the course. Assume you a writing for someone who knows nothing about PAM.

Question 3 (marks 25)

Your users require standardised syncing software, but due to security constraints and possible intellectual property rights, syncing to off- site private servers is not an option. The software must also be supported under Windows, macOS, Linux, Android and iOS.

The software being mooted is “syncthing”. You have been asked to test syncthing and write an evaluation report.

The report must contain the following:

A discussion of the syncthing application: how it is different from other syncing software, how it is configured, what informa-tion is required for configuration, how it actually synchronises data, what data is synchronised.

Included with your discussion of syncthing you must include examples of syncthing being installed, configured and used.

The environment used for the examples must be the course virtual machine and its host. This is important, as the guest machine does not have a windowing environment and the host will. So your discussion must include how to install, configure and use syncthing in a non-windowing environment.

Discuss, with examples, the system and user systemd configu-ration required on the virtual machine, so that the user’s instance of syncthing will start running when the user logs in (or the system boots) and continue running after the user has logged out.

The report with examples should be approximately two pages

Notes:

For this question syncthing must be installed on the course virtual machine and its host.

To “bring-up” the host-only interface (the network that links the guests to the host) see the man-pages ifup(8) and inter-faces(5)

It is important to understand how “syncthing” can use the port 8384 for both configuration and data transfer. You need to under-stand which interface handles configuration and which handles data transfer. Once you understand how “syncthing” communi-cates for configuration and for data transfer then manually con-figuring “syncthing” by editing its configuration file is straight forward. Only the GUI configuration needs to be modified.

Question 4 (marks 25)

On modern networked computers, maintaining the correct time on each machine is important. Computers on a LAN or WAN with different times can cause problems.

In about a page and in your own words explain why it is important for computers to maintaining the correct time and more importantly ex-plain how they do it.

Notes:

In your explanation make certain to include discussions on the following linked topics:

The computer’s hardware clock (also called the Real Time Clock or RTC)

The computer’s software clock (also called the kernel or sys-tem clock) and why this can be inacurate.

In Linux, how they are synchronised and why do they need to be synchronised? Why can the Linux software clock be so inaccurate?

What is NTP and what are “clock strata”?

What is UTC and why is it used? (UTC: Coordinated Uni-versal Time, or Temps Universel Coordonné, and if you want— you can explain what is going on with the acronym!)

The question being asked is “…why is it important for computers to maintaining the correct time…” please be certain to answer this question.

List all resources used in answering this question.

Please do not cut and paste slabs of text from a Wikipedia arti-cle. Unconnected paragraphs, though factually correct, will loose marks.

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ultralifehackerguru-blog · 8 years ago

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New Post has been published on http://www.lifehacker.guru/how-to-set-up-your-own-completely-free-vpn-in-the-cloud/

How to Set Up Your Own Completely Free VPN In the Cloud

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a great way to add security to your browsing while also preventing snoopers (including your internet service provider), but VPN providers are notoriously sketchy. You could do some research to find a good one. Or you can make your own in about 10 minutes.

As a quick refresher, a VPN encrypts your data before it leaves your device, then that data stays encrypted while it travels through your local network and internet service provider (ISP) until it’s eventually decrypted by the VPN server. In this case, you’ll be installing VPN software onto a web service.

Commercial VPNs are easier to set up and while this project isn’t terribly complicated, you do need to be somewhat technically inclined to do it. Since a poorly set up VPN is useless, I’d recommend sticking with a commercial option from a well-known company, like Private Internet Access, SlickVPN, NordVPN, Hideman, or Tunnelbear if you’re not comfortable setting this up for yourself. For the rest of us comfortable with a little command line usage, let’s get going.

What You Get

Namely, you’ll get a free VPN out of this. That means a secure, encrypted connection between your computer or mobile device and the internet at large. If you’re annoyed that your ISP can see everything you do online or you want a secure connection to the internet when you’re out at coffee shops, then you want to use a VPN.

We’ve highlighted many public VPN providers over the years, including most recently Private Internet Access, but one general catch with any provider is that it’s hard to tell how loyal they’ll be at keeping your private data private. So, the next logical step is to make your own. There are a few different projects out there for doing so, but I settled on Algo because it seems to be the simplest of the bunch. It installs VPN software on one of several different cloud competing services and you can connect to it from any computer you have.

There are a few other options out there, including Streisand, which takes the VPN idea a step further by also integrating a Tor bridge and a few other privacy-focused features. Streisand is great, but it’s overkill for most of us. However, if you’re more interested in the extra privacy and security features in Streisand, the first set up process for both is also nearly identical, so the first step in this guide will get you through the confusing part of setting up the Amazon EC2 service. After that, follow the Streisand instructions for your operating system.

Finally, before we get started here, Algo does not anonymize your web browsing, nor does it protect you from legal or government entities getting your data. A government could theoretically ask the hosting provider, Amazon in this case, for your billing information. That means your traffic could be traced back to you. They can do this with any commercial VPN providers too, of course. However, at least the VPN portion of this is entirely in your own care. It’s also relatively disposable, so you can set up or destroy this sucker pretty quickly once you get the hang of the process.

Regardless, Algo secures and encrypts your connection, which is plenty for most of us. If you’re uncomfortable shelling out the cash to an anonymous, random VPN provider, this is the best solution.

Step One: Sign Up for an Amazon EC2 Account

You can install Algo on DigitalOcean, Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine, and Microsoft Azure. If you’re a new user, you can get access to Amazon’s EC2 free tier for an entire year, so we’re going to detail that process here.

There are some limitations here though. First off, you get 750 hours per month, which should be more than enough for one device, but might add up if you have multiple devices. Second, you’re limited to 15GB of bandwidth per month, if you download a lot of large files, this may not be enough. Third, after the year is up, the price switches over to an hourly rate. Still, most people shouldn’t expect to pay more than $10-$11/month.

If this unpredictability is annoying and you’d rather skip the free year in favor of something more reliably priced, I suggest using DigitalOcean’s $5/month tier instead. DigitalOcean’s set up is considerably easier too. Create a new Droplet with the default settings, then click the API tab and generate a new token. You’ll need that number during the Algo installation process. After that, you can just skip down to the Algo step below.

But, we all love free, so let’s continue on with Amazon:

Head to the Amazon Web Services site and create a free account. You can link your current Amazon account to your web services account if you want.

Once you’re logged in, Click Services > IAM. It’s located under the Security, Identity, & Compliance tab.

Click the Users tab on the left.

Click Add User.

Create a user name, then click the box next to Programmatic Access. Then click Next.

Click Attach existing policies directly.

Type in “admin” to search through the policies. Find “AdministratorAccess” and click the checkbox next to that. Click Next when you’re done.

On the final screen, click the Download CSV button. This file includes a couple numbers and access keys you’ll need during the Algo set up process. Click Close and you’re all set.

Now, your little free tier service is up and running on Amazon. It’s time to install Algo.

Step Two: Download and Install Algo

Next up, we’ll install Algo. You’ll do this using the command line on your Windows, Mac, or Linux computer at home. If you’re on Linux or Mac, go ahead and skip down to part two below. If you’re on Windows, continue on.

Part One: Windows Users (Mac Users Can Skip This Step)

Windows users will need to install the Windows Subsystem for Linux for Algo to work, which is only available on Windows 10. Here’s what you need to do:

Open Settings.

Click Update & Security, then click For Developers.

Set the Developers mode option to enabled.

After everything installs, click Control Panel, then select Programs.

Click Turn Windows features on or off.

Scroll down and then the box next to Windows Subsystem for Linux, then click OK. Windows will install the software, then reboot.

Now, you have the Linux Bash installed. Click the Start menu and type in “Bash.” You’ll be asked a few more questions. Answer those, then Windows will install another set of software. Finally, once that’s complete, you’ll be at the command line. Type this in, then press enter:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install python-pip python-setuptools build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python-dev python-virtualenv git -y

Once that’s complete, type in: git clone && cd algo and press Enter. Once that’s done, skip down to step five on Part Two below.

Part Two: Install Algo

On Mac you can install Algo easily. However, depending on which version of Linux you’re running, you’ll have a different set of commands here. You can figure out which you need for Linux here.

One a Mac, download Algo and unzip the file wherever you want on your machine. This creates a folder called algo-master.

Open Terminal, then type in cd followed by the “algo-master” directory location. If you’re not sure of this, type in cd, then drag and drop the algo-master directory into Terminal. It’ll auto-fill the location, resulting in something like, cd /Users/jimbojones/Documents/algo-master.

Type in python -m ensurepip --user and press Enter.

Type in python -m pip install --user --upgrade virtualenv and press Enter.

Type in python -m virtualenv env && source env/bin/activate && python -m pip install -r requirements.txt and press Enter. If you haven’t installed the cc command line tools before, you’ll get a prompt to do so. Go ahead and agree.

Type in sudo nano config.cfg and press Enter. This opens up a text editor. Under users, type the the name of any users you’d like to create. These are all the different people you want to have access to your VPN, so make a few of them if you’re sharing with friends or on multiple devices. When you’re done, press Ctrl+X to save and exit.

Type in ./algo to start the installation process. The installation script asks you a series of questions.

For the provider, type in 2 for Amazon EC2 (unless you went with a different provider). Type any name for your VPN and choose the server location (I suggest sticking to the closest available server).

Next, you need to grab your AWS Access Key and your AWS Secret Key. Remember that credentials CSV file you downloaded from Amazon in the previous step? That includes both of these numbers. Go ahead and copy/paste each number from that file when you’re asked.

Next up, Algo asks you about VPN On Demand. I answered Yes to both questions. This makes it so your Apple devices automatically connect to the VPN. Otherwise, you have to enable them manually each time. I also recommend saying Yes to the security enhancements, HTTP proxy, and local DNS resolver. The rest of the options are entirely up to you, you can say no to everything and your VPN will still work fine.

Finally, after all that, Algo will go off into the world and install itself on your provider, then set up a ton of different services, eventually giving you the go-ahead that it’s complete. Your VPN is now up and running. You need to connect your devices to it in order to use it.

Configure Your Devices for your VPN

In order to connect to your VPN, you need to install a profile or certificate on each device you want to connect to the VPN from. This is more complicated for some operating systems then it is for others. Either way, all the files you need are in that “algo-master” directory inside the “configs” folder.

Set Up Your VPN on Apple Devices

Inside the “configs” folder, you’ll find a .mobileconfig file. On Mac, double-click that file to install the profile on your Mac. To install the profile on an iPhone or iPad, you can either Airdrop that same file from your Mac to your iOS device, email it to yourself, or upload it to cloud service like iCloud or Dropbox and open it from there. You’ll be asked to confirm the profile installation, and from then on, you’ll be connected to that VPN. You can disconnect by simply deleting the profile.

Set Up Your VPN on Android Devices

On Android, you need to first install the strongSwan VPN Client app. Then, copy the P12 file inside the Configs folder over to your Android device and open it in strongSwan. Follow the directions from there to set it up. If you need help, this guide will walk you through each part.

Set Up Your VPN on Windows

This process is rather complicated on Windows, but it’s still doable.

Head to the “configs” folder, then copy the PEM, P12, and PS1 files to your Windows machine.

Double-click the PEM file to import it to the Trusted Root certificate store.

Open the Powershell application, then navigate to the folder with the files you copied in step one a second ago.

Type in, Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted -Scope CurrentUser and press Enter.

Type in the name of your Powershell script and press Enter. This will be something like windows_$usernameyoumadeup.ps1. Follow the directions on screen.

Finally, when that’s complete type in Set-ExecutionPolicy Restricted -Scope CurrentUser and press Enter.

Your VPN should now be set up.

Once you have everything set up, follow our guide to test to make sure your VPN is working properly.

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