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emmajacob03 · 5 months ago

Text

C++ Made Easy: Common Mistakes Students Make in Programming Assignments

C++ is a powerful and versatile programming language widely used in various applications, from system software to game development. However, students often encounter significant challenges when tackling C++ assignments.

In this guide, we will explore the frequent pitfalls students face in C++ programming and how to avoid them, also how to complete your assignments on time with AssignmentDude and its C++ Homework help services.

The Importance of C++

C++ is not just another programming language; it is a foundational skill for many aspiring software developers, engineers, and computer scientists.

Its ability to handle low-level memory manipulation while providing high-level abstractions makes it unique.

C++ is used in various domains, including game development (e.g., Unreal Engine), system programming (e.g., operating systems), and even high-performance applications (e.g., financial systems).

However, with great power comes great responsibility — and complexity.

Why Students Struggle

Many students find themselves overwhelmed by the intricacies of C++. From understanding syntax to grasping object-oriented programming concepts, the learning curve can be steep.

This is where AssignmentDude comes into play. Offering expert C++ homework help, AssignmentDude provides personalized assistance tailored to your unique learning needs.

Whether you’re grappling with basic concepts or advanced topics, our team is here to guide you through your assignments and enhance your understanding of C++.

The Role of AssignmentDude

At AssignmentDude, we understand that programming assignments can be daunting. Our dedicated tutors are not only proficient in C++, but they also excel in teaching complex concepts in an engaging manner.

By seeking help from AssignmentDude, you can ensure that you receive high-quality solutions that not only meet your assignment requirements but also deepen your understanding of the material.

Common Mistakes Students Make in C++ Programming Assignments

Understanding the common mistakes students make can significantly improve your coding skills and enhance your performance on assignments. Below are some frequent pitfalls:

1. Syntax Errors

C++ has a strict syntax that must be followed precisely. Even minor errors can lead to compilation failures.

Common Syntax Errors

Missing Semicolons: Every statement must end with a semicolon. Forgetting this can halt compilation.

Example:

cpp

int main() {

int x = 10 // Missing semicolon here

return 0;

}

Mismatched Brackets: Ensure that every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.

cpp

int main() {

if (x > 0) {

cout << “Positive number” << endl;

// Missing closing brace for if statement

}

Incorrect Case Sensitivity: Variable names are case-sensitive; using inconsistent naming conventions can lead to errors.

Example:

cpp

int Value = 5;

cout << value; // Error: ��value’ was not declared

Tips for Avoiding Syntax Errors

Use an IDE: Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) like Visual Studio or Code::Blocks highlight syntax errors as you code.

Regularly Compile: Frequent compilation helps catch errors early in the development process.

2. Misunderstanding Data Types

C++ offers various data types, each serving different purposes. Misusing these types can lead to unexpected behavior.

Key Data Types

Integer vs. Float: Using an integer when a float is required can cause loss of precision.

Example:

cpp

float pi = 3; // This will lose precision; should be float pi = 3.14;

Character vs. String: Mixing up single characters and strings can lead to compilation errors.

Example:

cpp

char letter = “A”; // Error: cannot initialize a char with a string literal

Best Practices for Data Types

Know Your Types: Familiarize yourself with the different data types available in C++. Use sizeof() to check sizes if you’re unsure.

cpp

cout << “Size of int: “ << sizeof(int) << endl;

cout << “Size of float: “ << sizeof(float) << endl;

cout << “Size of double: “ << sizeof(double) << endl;

Use Type Casting: When necessary, use explicit type casting to avoid implicit conversions that might lead to bugs.

Example:

cpp

double num = 10.5;

int wholeNum = (int)num; // Explicitly casting double to int

3. Improper Use of Pointers

Pointers are one of C++’s most powerful features but also one of its most confusing aspects for beginners.

Common Pointer Mistakes

Dereferencing Null Pointers: Attempting to access memory through a null pointer leads to runtime errors.

Example:

cpp

int* ptr = nullptr;

cout << *ptr; // Runtime error: dereferencing a null pointer

Memory Leaks: Failing to deallocate memory allocated with new results in memory leaks.

Example:

cpp

int* arr = new int[10];

// Missing delete[] arr; leads to memory leak

Strategies for Managing Pointers

Initialize Pointers: Always initialize pointers before use.

cpp

int* ptr = nullptr; // Safe initialization

Use Smart Pointers: Consider using smart pointers (like std::unique_ptr or std::shared_ptr) from the Standard Template Library (STL) to manage memory automatically.

cpp

std::unique_ptr<int> ptr(new int(10)); // Automatically deallocates when out of scope

Example of Smart Pointer Usage

cpp

#include <iostream>

#include <memory>

void example() {

std::unique_ptr<int> ptr(new int(5));

std::cout << *ptr << std::endl; // Outputs: 5

} // Memory automatically freed here when ptr goes out of scope

int main() {

example();

}

4. Not Following Object-Oriented Principles

C++ supports object-oriented programming (OOP), which can be challenging for beginners who are unfamiliar with its principles.

Common OOP Mistakes

Improper Encapsulation: Failing to use access specifiers (public, private) correctly can expose sensitive data.

cpp

class BankAccount {

public:

double balance; // Should be private

public:

void deposit(double amount) { balance += amount; }

double getBalance() { return balance; }

};

Ignoring Inheritance Rules: Misunderstanding how inheritance works can lead to design flaws in class hierarchies.

cpp

class Base {

public:

void show() { cout << “Base class” << endl; }

};

class Derived : Base { // Should use ‘public’ inheritance

public:

void display() { cout << “Derived class” << endl; }

};

Derived obj;

obj.show(); // Error due to private inheritance by default

Tips for Effective OOP Design

Understand OOP Concepts: Take time to learn about encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

Design Before Coding: Spend time designing your classes and their interactions before jumping into coding.

Example of OOP Design Principles

cpp

class Shape {

public:

virtual double area() = 0; // Pure virtual function makes this an abstract class

};

class Circle : public Shape {

private:

double radius;

public:

Circle(double r) : radius(r) {}

double area() override { return M_PI * radius * radius; } // Override area method

};

class Rectangle : public Shape {

private:

double width, height;

public:

Rectangle(double w, double h) : width(w), height(h) {}

double area() override { return width * height; } // Override area method

};

5. Lack of Comments and Documentation

Students often neglect commenting their code or providing documentation, making it difficult for others (and themselves) to understand their logic later on.

Importance of Comments

Clarity: Comments help clarify complex logic and decisions made during coding.

cpp

// Function calculates factorial recursively

int factorial(int n) {

if (n <= 1) return 1; // Base case for recursion

return n * factorial(n — 1); // Recursive case calls itself with decremented value

}

Maintenance: Well-documented code is easier to maintain and update later on.

Best Practices for Commenting

Comment What’s Necessary: Avoid over-commenting; focus on explaining complex sections or non-obvious logic.

Use Consistent Style: Maintain a consistent commenting style throughout your codebase.

Example of Good Commenting Practice:

cpp

// Calculate area of circle given radius r

double area(double r) {

return M_PI * r * r; // M_PI is defined in <cmath>

}

6. Inadequate Testing

Testing is crucial in programming; however, many students skip this step or do it inadequately.

Common Testing Mistakes

Not Testing Edge Cases: Ensure that your code handles unusual inputs gracefully.

cpp

void divide(int a, int b) {

if (b == 0) {

throw std::invalid_argument(“Division by zero”); // Handle division by zero error gracefully

}

Relying Solely on Manual Testing: Automated tests can catch errors more efficiently than manual testing alone.

Effective Testing Strategies

Write Unit Tests: Create unit tests for individual functions or classes to ensure they work as intended.

cpp

#include <cassert>

void testDivide() {

assert(divide(10, 2) == 5);

try {

divide(10, 0);

} catch (const std::invalid_argument& e) {

assert(std::string(e.what()) == “Division by zero”);

}

Use Test Frameworks: Utilize testing frameworks like Google Test or Catch2 to streamline the testing process.

Example Using Google Test Framework:

cpp

#include <gtest/gtest.h>

TEST(FactorialTest, PositiveNumbers) {

EXPECT_EQ(factorial(5), 120);

}

TEST(DivideTest, DivisionByZero) {

EXPECT_THROW(divide(10, 0), std::invalid_argument);

}

7. Ignoring Compiler Warnings

Compilers provide warnings for potential issues in the code that may not prevent compilation but could lead to runtime errors or undefined behavior.

Why Compiler Warnings Matter

Ignoring compiler warnings can result in subtle bugs that are hard to trace later on.

How to Address Warnings

Pay Attention: Always read compiler warnings carefully and address them promptly.

bash

# Example warning message from g++

warning: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Wsign-conversion]

Understand Warning Types: Familiarize yourself with different types of warnings and their implications on your code’s behavior.

Strategies for Success in C++ Programming Assignments

To avoid these common mistakes and enhance your programming skills, consider implementing the following strategies:

1. Practice Regularly

Consistent practice is key to mastering C++. Work on small projects or coding exercises regularly to reinforce your understanding of concepts.

Suggested Practice Projects:

Implement basic data structures like linked lists or stacks.

Create small games such as Tic-Tac-Toe or Snake using console input/output.

Build a simple banking system that allows deposits and withdrawals while ensuring proper encapsulation.

Example Project Idea:

Creating a simple text-based banking application could involve designing classes such as Account, Customer, and methods for depositing and withdrawing funds while ensuring proper encapsulation and error handling.

Sample Code Snippet:

cpp

class Account {

private:

double balance;

public:

Account() : balance(0) {}

void deposit(double amount) {

if (amount > 0)

balance += amount;

else

throw std::invalid_argument(“Deposit amount must be positive.”);

}

void withdraw(double amount) {

if (amount > balance)

throw std::invalid_argument(“Insufficient funds.”);

balance -= amount;

}

double getBalance() const { return balance; }

};

2. Utilize Resources Wisely

Take advantage of online resources such as tutorials, forums, and documentation. Websites like AssignmentDude offer specialized help that clarifies complex topics and provides detailed explanations tailored to your needs.

Recommended Resources:

cplusplus.com: A comprehensive reference site for C++ standard libraries.

GeeksforGeeks: Offers tutorials and articles on various C++ topics.

Stack Overflow: A community where you can ask questions about specific problems you’re facing.

Online Courses:

Consider enrolling in online courses focused on C++, such as those offered by Coursera or Udemy. These platforms often provide structured learning paths along with hands-on projects that reinforce concepts learned through lectures.

3. Collaborate with Peers

Working with classmates can provide new perspectives and solutions to problems you might be facing alone. Study groups can foster collaboration and deeper understanding through discussion and shared problem-solving approaches.

Group Study Techniques:

Pair programming sessions where two students work together at one computer.

text

Student A writes code while Student B reviews it live,

providing suggestions based on best practices learned through their studies.

Group discussions focusing on specific problems encountered during assignments.

Benefits of Collaboration:

Collaborating with peers allows you to share knowledge about different approaches to solving problems while also providing motivation through accountability.

4. Seek Help When Needed

Don’t hesitate to ask for help when you’re stuck. Services like AssignmentDude are designed specifically for this purpose, offering expert guidance tailored to your needs.

Our team is ready to assist you at any stage of your learning journey — whether it’s clarifying concepts or debugging code.

How AssignmentDude Can Help:

Personalized tutoring sessions focused on areas where you struggle most.

Detailed explanations alongside solutions so you understand the reasoning behind them.

Testimonials from Students:

“I was struggling with pointers and memory management until I reached out to AssignmentDude! Their tutors explained everything clearly.”

“Thanks to AssignmentDude’s help with my last assignment, I finally understood object-oriented principles!”

5. Review and Refactor Code

After completing an assignment, take the time to review your code critically. Look for areas where you can improve efficiency or readability by refactoring your code based on best practices learned during your studies.

Refactoring Tips:

Break down large functions into smaller ones for better readability.

cpp

// Original function doing too much work at once

void processOrder(Order order) {

validateOrder(order);

calculateTotal(order);

saveToDatabase(order);

}

// Refactored version separating concerns into smaller functions

void processOrder(Order order) {

if (!validateOrder(order)) return;

double total = calculateTotal(order);

saveToDatabase(order);

}

Additional Tips for Mastering C++

As you continue your journey into C++, here are some additional tips that may help you succeed:

Embrace Debugging Tools

Learning how to effectively use debugging tools such as GDB (GNU Debugger) can greatly enhance your ability to troubleshoot issues within your code.

Debuggers allow you to step through your code line by line, inspect variables at runtime, and understand exactly where things may be going wrong.

Using GDB Example:

To start debugging with GDB:

Compile your program with debugging information:

bash

g++ -g my_program.cpp -o my_program

Start GDB:

bash

gdb ./my_program

Set breakpoints at lines where you suspect issues:

text

break main.cpp:10

run

Step through the program line by line using next or step commands while inspecting variable values using print.

This hands-on approach will help solidify your understanding as you see how changes affect program execution directly.

Explore Standard Template Library (STL)

The Standard Template Library offers a wealth of pre-built data structures and algorithms that can save you time and effort when developing applications in C++.

Familiarize yourself with containers like vectors, lists, maps, sets, etc., as well as algorithms such as sort(), find(), etc., which will make your coding more efficient.

Example Using STL Vectors:

cpp

#include <iostream>

#include <vector>

#include <algorithm>

int main() {

std::vector<int> numbers = {5, 2, 8, 1};

std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end()); // Sorts vector

std::cout << “Sorted numbers:”;

for(int num : numbers)

std::cout << “ “ << num;

return 0;

}

Using STL effectively allows you not only to write cleaner code but also enhances performance since these implementations are optimized by experts.

Keep Learning Beyond Assignments

Consider exploring additional resources such as online courses (Coursera, Udemy), textbooks focused on advanced C++ topics (like “Effective C++” by Scott Meyers), or participating in coding competitions (like Codeforces or LeetCode). These activities will deepen your understanding beyond just completing assignments.

Recommended Books:

Effective Modern C++ by Scott Meyers — Focuses on best practices when using modern features introduced in C++11/C++14.

The C++ Programming Language by Bjarne Stroustrup — Written by the creator of C++, this book covers both foundational concepts as well as advanced topics extensively.

Conclusion

Navigating the complexities of C++ programming assignments doesn’t have to be an isolating experience filled with frustration and confusion.

With resources like AssignmentDude at your disposal, you have the opportunity to enhance your understanding and skills while avoiding common pitfalls that many students encounter along the way.

By recognizing these common mistakes and employing effective strategies for success — such as utilizing debugging tools effectively exploring STL — you’ll not only improve your grades but also develop a deeper knowledge.

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learnwithcadl123 · 7 months ago

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Understanding C++ Basics: Key Terms Explained

C++ is a powerful programming language widely used in various industries, from game development to high-performance applications and even system software. Its versatility, efficiency, and strong control over hardware resources make it a favorite among developers. However, for beginners, the language can seem overwhelming due to its complexity and the numerous terms that are part of its syntax.

In this article, we’ll break down some of the key terms in C++ to help you get a better understanding of the language. By mastering these fundamental concepts, you'll be well on your way to becoming proficient in C++ and opening the door to exciting career opportunities.

If you're eager to learn C++ in a structured way, consider joining the C++ Programming Course at CADL in Mohali, where you'll receive hands-on guidance from industry experts.

1. Variables

In any programming language, variables are used to store data that can be manipulated or retrieved. C++ is no different. In C++, a variable is a name assigned to a memory location that holds a value.

For example:

cpp

Copy code

int number = 5;

Here, int specifies that the variable number is of type integer, and it holds the value 5.

Types of Variables:

int: Holds integer values.

float: Holds decimal values.

char: Holds a single character.

double: Holds larger decimal values.

bool: Stores true or false values.

Understanding how to declare and use variables is one of the first steps to learning C++ programming. As you continue, you'll see how different data types can interact in a program.

2. Data Types

In C++, every variable must have a data type, which determines what kind of data the variable can store. Common data types in C++ include:

int: Used to store integers (whole numbers).

float: Used to store floating-point numbers (numbers with decimal points).

char: Used to store individual characters.

bool: Used to store boolean values (true or false).

string: Although not a built-in type, the C++ Standard Library provides support for storing text strings.

Here’s an example of a simple program with multiple data types:

cpp

Copy code

int age = 25;

float salary = 45000.50;

char grade = 'A';

bool isEmployed = true;

Choosing the right data type for your variables is essential, as it helps manage memory efficiently and avoid potential bugs.

3. Functions

Functions are blocks of code designed to perform a specific task. In C++, a function can be called multiple times, making your code more modular and reducing redundancy.

A basic C++ function looks like this:

cpp

Copy code

int addNumbers(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

}

This function addNumbers takes two integer inputs (a and b), adds them, and returns the result. Functions allow you to divide your program into smaller, manageable parts and can be reused throughout the code.

4. Control Structures

Control structures determine the flow of your program based on certain conditions. C++ provides several control structures:

if/else: Used to make decisions in your program.

cpp

Copy code

if (condition) {

// code to be executed if the condition is true

} else {

// code to be executed if the condition is false

}

switch: A control statement that allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of values.

cpp

Copy code

switch(variable) {

case value1:

// code to be executed if variable equals value1

break;

case value2:

// code to be executed if variable equals value2

break;

default:

// code to be executed if variable doesn’t match any case

}

for, while, and do-while loops: These loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly as long as a condition holds true.

Understanding these structures is vital for making decisions and automating repetitive tasks in your program.

5. Objects and Classes

C++ is an object-oriented programming (OOP) language, meaning it relies heavily on objects and classes. An object is a collection of data and functions that act on that data. A class is the blueprint from which objects are created.

Here’s an example of a simple class:

cpp

Copy code

class Car {

public:

string brand;

string model;

int year;

void honk() {

cout << "Beep beep!" << endl;

}

};

In this class, we have three variables (brand, model, and year), and one function (honk). We can then create objects based on this class:

cpp

Copy code

Car myCar;

myCar.brand = "Toyota";

myCar.model = "Corolla";

myCar.year = 2020;

myCar.honk(); // Output: Beep beep!

OOP allows for the modular and reusable structure of code, making it easier to maintain and extend in the future.

6. Pointers

One of the most unique and powerful features of C++ is pointers. A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. Pointers are used in scenarios where direct memory access is needed, such as in dynamic memory allocation or when interacting with hardware.

For example:

cpp

Copy code

int number = 10;

int* ptr = &number;

Here, ptr stores the memory address of number. You can then use this pointer to access or modify the value stored at that memory address.

7. Arrays

Arrays are used to store multiple values of the same type in a single variable, rather than declaring separate variables for each value.

Example:

cpp

Copy code

int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

In this example, numbers is an array that can store five integers. Arrays are essential for handling large data sets efficiently.

8. Standard Template Library (STL)

The Standard Template Library (STL) is a powerful feature of C++ that provides a set of commonly used data structures and algorithms. It includes:

Vectors: A dynamic array that can grow or shrink in size.

Stacks: A container that follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle.

Queues: A container that follows the First In First Out (FIFO) principle.

Maps: A collection of key-value pairs.

STL makes C++ programming faster and easier, as you don’t have to write common data structures and algorithms from scratch.

Conclusion

C++ may seem daunting at first with its array of complex terms and concepts, but once you understand these basics, the language becomes much easier to navigate. With its power, versatility, and wide application, mastering C++ can open doors to many opportunities in the programming world.

If you're ready to dive into C++ and gain practical experience, join the C++ Programming Course at CADL in Mohali. Our expert instructors will guide you through each concept with real-world examples, helping you become proficient in C++ and ready to take on challenging projects.

Start your C++ journey today and build a solid foundation for your programming career!

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college-girl199328 · 1 year ago

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Eight years ago, when Brian McNamara decided he wanted to become a critical care paramedic, the training he in Prince George. Vancouver was the only place in BC where Emergency Health Services offered the program he needed to advance his training to the highest level. He made the to leave his pregnant wife and spent the better part of the next two years away from his family to earn his credentials.

Since then, the COVID pandemic spurred the provincial government to invest more money in northern B.C.’s pre-hospital care system, and with that came the resources to develop a made-in-Prince George critical care paramedic training program. In December, it produced its first three graduates.

Planning for the CCP program started in late 2019 in response to a predicted surge of COVID-19 added staff and based a dedicated medical helicopter and additional fixed-wing aircraft at Prince George's Airport. The first intake of candidates - advanced care paramedics (ACPs) Spencer Ovenden, Eric Konkin, and Joseph Balfour trained two years ago, working closely with medical staff at the University Hospital of Northern B.C.

The program involves 18 months of training, starting with a post-graduate working in a hospital alongside doctors and nurses trained in intensive care interventions, trauma surgery, respirology, anesthesiology, emergency medicine, and infectious diseases. Once licensed to the CCP level, the paramedics are eligible for a six-to-nine-month residency overseen by a group of UHNBC doctors headed by Floyd Besser, who also holds a CCP certification. A critical care paramedic responding to a call can bring the life-saving interventions of a hospital intensive care unit to the patient's ability to travel in a helicopter or fixed-wing plane to rural and drastically reduce response times.

In consultation with hospital physicians, a CPP determines a treatment plan for each patient to stabilize their condition and prepare them for transport. They have the authority to administer almost every drug a physician would and can perform procedures to restore heart rhythms or to clear an obstructed airway. If needed, a CCP can insert a breathing tube to intubate a patient to immobilize them and keep them safe and stable for the time it takes to get to a hospital.

Konkin, a 48-year-old Grand Forks native, worked as an ACP for 11 years in Kelowna. Throughout his 25-year paramedic career, he always wanted to become a CCP, but it wasn’t feasible until how CCP training to save lives in central and northern B.C.

Having those flights available to bring definitive critical care keeps ambulance crews and medical staff in outlying communities from having their facility to accompany a patient in a ground ambulance. Considering how vast the northern half of the province is, one road trip there and back can take an entire shift for a small-town medic.

Ovenden, 33, was working ACP shifts in the Lower Mainland when the opportunity to train in Prince George's was offered to him late in 2020. He considered medical school when he was committing to at least eight years of university before he could start helping the sick and Prince George his permanent home, like Konkin, and nearly doubled CPP ranks.

The new recruits allowed the Prince George's station to expand its CCP shifts around than just day shifts. CCPs fly in tandem with another critical-care paramedic to retrieve a patient. BCEHS has two fixed-wing planes and one helicopter based on one nighttime crew assigned to the is crewed for one daily 12-hour daytime shift.

Their hospital training in operating rooms and intensive care teaches CCPs how to maintain that level of care once the patient leaves the hospital so they can be transported to a receiving hospital. Ovenden says the balance between classroom instruction and clinical training in the two-year program prepared him for just about every situation he’ll encounter, and he will save more lives as a result.

The vast terrain he covers in northern B.C. means long flights with one patient, sometimes as long as four hours if the call is in Fort Nelson, in sharp contrast to the 15-minute interfacility flights common in the Lower Mainland. Ovenden knows CCPs who trained at Vancouver General Hospital, and they had to get in line with other medical students waiting to practice procedures. At UHNBC, a teaching hospital with fewer students, the wait.

Balfour, 42, moved to Prince George in 2019 after his wife got pregnant with their second child, and they knew they were about to outgrow their one-bedroom Vancouver apartment. The chance to become a homeowner and work brought him to Prince George's, and he jumped to learn critical care.

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cpp-homework-help · 2 years ago

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A CPP homework help service offers expert guidance and support to students struggling with CPP programming assignments. With experienced tutors and comprehensive coverage of CPP topics, it provides customized solutions tailored to individual requirements. Timely delivery, plagiarism-free work, and 24/7 availability ensure efficient assistance and customer satisfaction.

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kissryuwuji · 4 years ago

Text

[ID: an error message that reads, “timeout: sending signal kill to command ‘./prog’ “. The word kill is in all caps. End ID]

I am feeling very threatened by this

#pls all im doing is debugging #know what maybe if i want to post abt programming i will be more motivated to do the hw #jay tries to program #programming #jay clowns around #if anyone would like to help me w this i will gladly send u to prompt #cpp #c++ assignment help #i wILL use tags #coding #where r the fellow coders on this site #btw this is a scheduled post so i will likely be uhhh past this problem but it probs wont be solved #idk

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rlyehtaxidermist · 3 years ago

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new C++ tutoring student sent me their assignment, reading it over before the session. assignment repeatedly insists that all code be "header-only", by which I mean the entire assignment does not contain a single .c or .cpp file.

points will be taken off for not following the style guide, and i can't help but suspect that said guide's title is The Java Programming Language, 4th Edition

#like yes. there are legitimate reasons for implementing specific things as header-only #but they are NOT reasons that are relevant to anyone in an intro C++ course

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gt0871174-blog · 5 years ago

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codingprolab · 5 months ago

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Solved CS211 Homework 4 The aim of this homework assignment is to practice using a class

The aim of this homework assignment is to practice using a class written by someone else and use dynamic allocation. This homework assignment will also help build towards project 1, which will be to write a program implementing the Roster Management Program. For this assignment, write a program that uses the class Date. As an added challenge, I will not provide you with the .cpp file for this…

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codingzap · 3 years ago

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essaynook · 3 years ago

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Hello I need help with a C++ programming assignment Can you help with this based

Hello I need help with a C++ programming assignment Can you help with this based on my budget? Other Instructions: Please submit your assignment in a single file named FirstName_LastName_3.c or FirstName_LastName_3.cpp. Do not forget to a add a README file if your program needs any special flags or options to compile correctly. In that case, please name that file FirstName_Last_Name_README.txt or…

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felord · 4 years ago

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DBS311 Assignment2-Database Application Development Solved

Objective: In this assignment, you create a simple Retail application using the C++ programming language and Oracle (PL/SQL). This assignment helps students learn a basic understanding of application development using C++ programming and an Oracle database using PL/SQL. Submission: Your submission will be a single text-based .cpp file including your C++ program for the Database Application…

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phgq · 4 years ago

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PNP makes gains in maintaining peace, order amid Covid-19

#PHnews: PNP makes gains in maintaining peace, order amid Covid-19

MANILA – Aside from performing the already tedious duty of law enforcement operations, the Philippine National Police (PNP) under the guidance of three different leaders has faced an extraordinary battle this year including against an unseen enemy -- the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic.

From being an officer-in-charge since October 2019, Gen. Archie Gamboa officially became the PNP's top man in January following his appointment by President Rodrigo Duterte. Two months after assuming as PNP chief, Gamboa's leadership skills faced the ultimate baptism of fire as he led the police force in preserving peace and order while at the same time helping prevent the spread of Covid-19.

Under Gamboa's term, crime incidents in the country dropped by 47 percent as community quarantine measures in the country amid the Covid-19 have been in effect for six months.

During this time, then Joint Task Force Covid Shield commander, Lt. Gen. Guillermo Eleazar, said from 31,661 incidents of focus crimes recorded between Sept. 15, 2019 to March 16 this year, the figure dropped to only 16,879 from March 17 to Sept. 16.

The decline in crime incidents in the country translates to an average of 92 cases per day during the 184 days of the community quarantine compared to an average of 172 cases per day during the six-month pre-quarantine.

“We have been conducting an analysis of the crime situation in the past six months in order to identify the best practices and security adjustments that we could replicate in other areas and eventually institutionalized in order to sustain this momentum,” Eleazar earlier said.

The nine-month crime trend recorded from January to September further dipped towards the end of October with a more notable decrease in index crimes.

The PNP attributed this to their stepped-up campaign against illegal drugs and other forms of criminality while launching a massive crackdown on motorcycle-riding criminals involved in robbery-holdup and gun-for-hire activities.

The PNP also showed a 46-percent drop in focus crimes in the country during the 226-day community quarantine period (March 17 to Oct. 28, 2020) with 21,729 crimes, compared to 39,920 during the same period before the community quarantine (Aug. 4, 2019 to March 16, 2020).

This translates to a daily average of 96 cases during the quarantine period from the 177 cases per day average before the quarantine period. The eight focus crimes serve as the PNP’s barometer on peace and order situation in the Philippines.

These are murder, homicide, physical injury, rape, robbery, theft, vehicle theft, and motorcycle theft.

Meanwhile, Gamboa, the PNP's 23rd chief, said empowering people has become his top priority, noting that human resource is the most important resource of the police force.

As a result, he said PNP operational units have gained strong footings against criminal activities, especially on the campaign against illegal drugs, illegal gambling, and terrorism, among others.

Equal opportunity for cops

In his assumption speech as the country's 24th top cop in September, Gamboa's successor, Gen. Camilo Cascolan, said the PNP's comprehensive master development plan includes giving equal opportunity and level the playing field in the placement and promotion of personnel based strictly on performance, service reputation, and merit and fitness in establishing a rationalized "succession planning” and “career path".

Despite having a short term, Cascolan said he aims to boost morale and take care of the welfare of police officers.

Under his watch, Cascolan said PNP embarked on an intensive drive to promote human resource development aimed at ensuring that every police officer "will know his or her job and do it well."

Cascolan bowed out of the service on Nov. 10 upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 56. He was replaced by then National Capital Region Police Office chief Debold Sinas.

Picking up from the mañanita (birthday serenade) controversy which drew flak from netizens, Sinas assured the public that the police service will be more visible down to the police-community precinct level.

President Rodrigo Duterte's marching order to Sinas is to continue the government’s campaign against illegal drugs and ensure that the country is a safe place to live in.

Caring for police front-liners

As police officers were tapped as front-liners, they were not spared from the impact of the pandemic.

As of Dec. 28, the police force has recorded a total of 8,947 Covid-19 cases with 8,580 recoveries and 27 deaths.

The PNP is now conducting aggressive testing, said Eleazar, who is also now the commander of the Administrative Support for Covid-19 Task Force (ASCOTF).

Eleazar said they are eyeing to conduct Covid-19 testing for all police personnel assigned in Metro Manila. He added that Metro Manila will be prioritized as it is the epicenter of the pandemic and most of the molecular laboratories are located here.

At present, around 65 percent of all police officers in PNP headquarters were tested for Covid-19. Around 38,000 tests have been conducted for cops in the region, he added.

The molecular laboratory in Camp Crame has also increased its daily testing capacity to 300, from only 100. Meanwhile, Covid-19 tests conducted for personnel in National Support Units (NSUs) are at 66 percent and while tests in Police Regional Offices (PROs) are at 27.9 percent.

Sinas said the operation of a molecular laboratory at the Police Regional Office in Central Visayas (PRO-7) to be used for coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) testing of police personnel is set to start by the end of the month.

The facility, located within the compound of Camp Sotero Cabahug in Cebu City, will accommodate real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for police and their dependents for possible infection.

Sinas said they are already finalizing the necessary permits from the Department of Health (DOH) and the training of the PNP medical personnel who will operate the facility. He said the facility will be able to accommodate 80 Covid-19 tests per day.

Wiping out bad eggs, communist terrorists

A total of 16,839 police officers have been penalized since 2016 under the PNP’s internal cleansing program to rid its ranks of scalawags.

Data showed that 4,784 police personnel have been dismissed from the service, 8,349 have been suspended, and 1,803 have been reprimanded.

Other punishments included demotion, forfeiture of salary, restriction, and withholding of privileges. Some 564 PNP personnel have also been removed for involvement in illegal drugs.

He added that as part of his core guidance, all police personnel on operations, such as patrol, anti-illegal drugs, anti-kidnapping, and others, must wear bulletproof vests, and other protective equipment.

Sinas also cited the surrender of nearly 3,000 communist terrorist personalities from January to November this year and major operational setbacks have weakened the Communist Party of the Philippines-New People's Army (CPP-NPA).

Sinas said over the entire 11-month period, a total of 3,312 CPP-NPA members were accounted for, of which 366 were arrested; 117 died during the operations, and 2,829 surrendered during separate police operations.

On the very day of the 52nd founding anniversary of the CPP on Dec. 26, he said 35 communist fighters surrendered and renounced their membership with the CPP and its armed wing, NPA in Caraga and Eastern Visayas regions.

On the same day, two ranking CPP-NPA-National Democratic Front leaders, both wanted by the court to stand trial for kidnapping and murder, were captured in Quezon province.

From Dec. 18 to 26, Sinas said six CPP-NPA-NDF members were arrested, 108 surrendered and 45 assorted firearms and eight explosive devices were confiscated.

Sinas said the enactment of Republic Act 11479 or the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 on July 3 boosted “the opportunities for the PNP to fully end the local insurgency.”

He said the communist group was generally passive in terms of mounting offensive operations that could show its strength and relevance relative to the celebration of the CPP’s 52nd founding anniversary.

“This passive stance strongly supports the overall assessment that the CPP/NPA has been substantially weakened because of the sustained and intensified government efforts to end local communist armed conflict that resulted to significant losses of key CPP-NPA leaders, seasoned fighters, and mass supporters,” he said.

Sinas said the PNP has enrolled 350 rebel returnees to the Enhanced Comprehensive Local Integration Program (E-CLIP) and amnesty program, while 407 surrendered firearms were processed for grant of government benefits under E-CLIP.

Pursuant to Executive Order No. 70 creating the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC), these rebel returnees are given the life-changing opportunity to lead normal lives with their families as free and empowered citizens, he said.

Sinas, however, said the PNP remains vigilant in ensuring that it can effectively neutralize the remaining strength and armed capabilities of the rebels.

“It is still likely that they will attempt to mount armed offensives, possibly through the use of improvised landmines to ensure casualties," he said.

He said the recent formal tag by the Anti-Terrorism Council of the CPP-NPA as a terrorist organization, is another significant setback to the underground local communist movement and its affiliate organizations.

This means that CPP-NPA assets may now be subject to the Anti-Money Laundering Council’s authority to freeze pursuant to Section 11 of RA 10168 or the Terrorism Financing Prevention and Suppression Act as provided under Section 25 of the Anti-Terrorism Act.

“With more equipment and personnel for tactical police operations, including five newly-organized maneuver battalions of the PNP Special Action Force, the PNP is poised to hit harder on its assigned internal security tasks and specific target,” he said.

The CPP-NPA is listed as a terrorist organization by the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the Philippines. (PNA)

***

References:

* Philippine News Agency. "PNP makes gains in maintaining peace, order amid Covid-19." Philippine News Agency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1125961 (accessed December 31, 2020 at 08:01PM UTC+14).

* Philippine News Agency. "PNP makes gains in maintaining peace, order amid Covid-19." Archive Today. https://archive.ph/?run=1&url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1125961 (archived).

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