#crumwell...

[wolfcat-hybrid]

I pulled/am pulling an all-nighter to work on my thesis about the English Reformation, and this broke me

[Cromwell was personally hated by the rebels. "It is not the King's deed but the deed of Crumwell." [...] "if we had him here we would crum him [and crum] him that he was never so Crumwed."]

What do you MEAN. Why are you crumming the man. HOW are you crumming the man. What action are you trying to evoke by threatening to "crum" someone. Is there a scale of crum-ness that I'm not familiar with? is this some sort of newfangled (or, oldfangled, I guess) English slang? Do Brits threaten to crum people? Am I the one who is wrong here?

I am so very tired. I don't know how to proceed from here. I think this sentence has somehow broken me. I can't stop thinking about "crumming" noted figure of the English Reformation, Thomas Cromwell.

[historyartthings]

Does anyone have access to this primary source I came across?

There’s a section of a ballad in an article I read that goes:

‘Much ill cometh of a small note

As Crum well set in a man's throat

That shall put many other to pain, God wote;

But when Crumwell is brought a-low

And we read out the Christ Cross Row

Of K L M then shall we have news’.

(You can find this section in the archives in a letter from Norfolk to Cromwell)

But a book also mentioning it says it’s part of a longer ballad adapted from ‘Christ’s cross row’.

I’m pretty sure the author got the extended version - based on his citations - from ‘the defeat of the pilgrimage of grace’ by bush and bownes. Unfortunately I don’t have access to this, and altho I’ve requested it from the library as it’ll be useful for my dissertation, I don’t think they’ll get it in time for the seminar i need it for!

So if anyone does have a copy of or access to that book and the pages relevant to this ballad, I’d be very thankful :)

[lboogie1906]

Donny Edward Hathaway (October 1, 1945 – January 13, 1979) was a soul singer, keyboardist, songwriter, and arranger. He has been described as a “soul legend” by Rolling Stone. His most popular songs include “The Ghetto”, “This Christmas”, “Someday We’ll All Be Free”, and “Little Ghetto Boy.” He is renowned for his renditions of “A Song for You”, “For All We Know”, and “I Love You More Than You’ll Ever Know,” along with “Where Is the Love” and “The Closer I Get to You”, two of many collaborations with Roberta Flack. He’s been inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame and won one Grammy from four nominations. He was posthumously bestowed with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Dutch director David Kleijwegt made a documentary: Mister Soul - A Story about Donny Hathaway which premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam on January 28, 2020.

The son of Drusella Huntley was born in Chicago and was raised by his grandmother, Martha Pitts, known as Martha Crumwell, in the Carr Square housing project of St. Louis. He began singing in the church choir with his grandmother, a professional gospel singer, at the age of three and studied piano. He graduated from Vashon High School. He then studied music on a fine arts scholarship at Howard University where he met Roberta Flack. At Howard, he was a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. He formed a jazz trio with drummer Ric Powell while there. In 1967, Hathaway married Eulaulah Vann. The two met while attending Howard University where both were studying music. They had two daughters, Eulaulah Donyll (Lalah) and Kenya Canc’Libra. Lalah has enjoyed a successful solo career, while Kenya is a session singer and one of the three backing vocalists on American Idol. Both daughters are graduates of the Berklee College of Music. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence #alphaphialpha

[fideidefenswhore]

Hi there,

So I attended one of Claire Ridgway's events recently called the Men Behind the Throne. Talks were on the Tudor monarchs' advisors. Caroline Angus did a talk on Cromwell (she has a new book out on him) and in it she claimed that Anne Boleyn hated Cromwell from the beginning. Whereas, he for his part was always looking out for Catherine and Mary's interests. Apparently, he was also very loyal to Wolsey and played a big role in Thomas More's downfall. Is there any evidence to back up the idea that Anne hated Cromwell? In recent years more historians seem to be leading towards the belief that they weren't so chummy. However, I am not an expert on where most historians stand on this topic. She sounded like she was pushing the belief that anyone who supported COA and Mary: good. Anyone who supported Anne: bad narrative.

Whereas, he for his part was always looking out for Catherine and Mary's interests.

Yeah, that view has been a semi-recent development...it doesn't seem to have been the unequivocal belief of their advocate, though (depending on which moment in time, of course):

Cromwell has always given me to understand that he is much devoted to the Princess; nevertheless, I have found no evidence of it, except words […] [April 1535]

And as far as I'm aware, this author doesn't doubt the veracity of Chapuys' judgements (especially when it comes to Anne Boleyn), but, you know, selective reliance on his dispatches would not be anything singular to her in this genre.

Diarmaid MacCulloch, John Guy, and Julia Fox are the most recent to espouse that view (but about with the Boleyns, in general, not solely Anne).

As for the Wolsey factor...again, evidence is mixed. Missing from the Mantel narrative, for example, is that Thomas Winter, Wolsey's son, wrote that Anne, as Queen, spoke "very kindly" to him. Now, this doesn't negate the likelihood that Anne had hated his father and hardly mourned him (it doesn't seem like it was her credo to spite the family of her opponents; for example the Duchess of Norfolk was her adversary, but she highly favored her daughter, the Duchess of Richmond); but it is compelling insofar as the view that those affiliated with Wolsey unequivocally blamed her for his downfall and misfortune.

Yes, there is evidence, but it's mixed at times. They were battling for influence over HVIII, they were battling over the best ways to steer reform*, etc.

*[...] Crumwell, Wrotisley, and certain others, who, as report says, hated the Queen, because she had sharply rebuked them and threatened to inform the King that under the guise of the Gospel and religion they were advancing their own interests, that they had put everything up for sale and had received bribes to confer ecclesiastical benefices upon unworthy persons, the enemies of the true doctrine, permitting the godly to be oppressed and deprived of their just rewards. 

Usually the 'smoking gun' for that theory about their contentious dynamic is that according to Cromwell, via Chapuys, Anne had said she'd like to see "his head off his shoulders", but context is sometimes missing, I don't often read this parsed as thoroughly as I believe is its due:

Cremuel said lately to me that were the Lady to know the familiar terms on which he and I are, she would surely try to cause us both some annoyance, and that only three days ago she and he had had words together, the Lady telling him, among other things, that she would like to see his head off his shoulders. "But," added Cromwell, "I trust so much on my master, that I fancy she cannot do me any harm." I cannot tell whether this is an invention of Cromwell in order to enhance his merchandise. All I can say is, that everyone here considers him Anne's right hand, as I myself told him some time ago. Indeed, I hear from a reliable source that day and night is the Lady working to bring about the duke of Norfolk's disgrace with the King; whether it be owing to his having spoken too freely about her, or because Cromwell, wishes to bring down the aristocracy of this kingdom, and is about to begin by him, I cannot say. (June 1535)

The source here is Chapuys, and the chain of report means this exchange is thirdhand: Cromwell is telling Chapuys of it, which means we can't exclude the possibility that either Cromwell is exaggerating (to ingratiate himself to Chapuys, 'the enemy of my enemy' etc) or that Chapuys is likewise (to urge Charles V, as he often does, to do anything from push for excommunication to invade England, based on evidence that Anne&Henry are extremely hated by everyone save "their party"-- or maybe even members within-- and thus any action taken against them will only increase his popularity, power, prestige, by gaining the support and gratitude of many, etc).

And Chapuys' own judgement of Cromwell's account seems cautious: he admits he can't tell whether or not this is true, and he admits that if it is, it's very contrary to the popular perception of their dynamic (of Cromwell as Anne's "right hand").

[boleynqueenes]

664. Anne Boleyn to Cromwell. Is credibly informed that the bearer, Ric. Herman, merchant and citizen of Antwerp, was expelled from his freedom and fellowship in the English house there in the time of the late cardinal, for, as he says, setting forth the New Testament in English. Desires Cromwell to see him restored to his pristine freedom, liberty and fellowship. Greenwich, 14 May. Signed.Sealed. Add.: Thos. Crumwell, esq., Chief Secretary. Endd.

"The sole example is Anne's rather peremptory command to Cromwell to help an evangelical client of hers [...] It manages to refer to 'the late cardinal' in a rather pointed manner as being responsible for [Herman]'s troubles, and certainly does not bother with that customary politesse 'whose soul God pardon'."

[blackkudos]

Donny Hathaway

Donny Edward Hathaway (October 1, 1945 – January 13, 1979) was an American jazz, blues, soul and gospel singer, songwriter, arranger and pianist. Hathaway signed with Atlantic Records in 1969 and with his first single for the Atco label, "The Ghetto", in early 1970, Rolling Stone magazine "marked him as a major new force in soul music." His enduring songs include "The Ghetto", "This Christmas", "Someday We'll All Be Free", "Little Ghetto Boy", "I Love You More Than You'll Ever Know", signature versions of "A Song for You" and "For All We Know", and "Where Is the Love" and "The Closer I Get to You", two of many collaborations with Roberta Flack. "Where Is the Love" won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals in 1973. At the height of his career Hathaway was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and was known to not take his prescribed medication regularly enough to properly control his symptoms. On January 13, 1979, Hathaway's body was found outside the luxury hotel Essex House in New York City; his death was ruled a suicide.

Early life

Hathaway, the son of Drusella Huntley, was born in Chicago but raised with his grandmother, Martha Pitts, also known as Martha Crumwell, in the Carr Square housing project of St. Louis. Hathaway began singing in a church choir with his grandmother, a professional gospel singer, at the age of three and studying piano. He graduated from Vashon High School in 1963. Hathaway then studied music on a fine arts scholarship at Howard University in Washington, D.C., where he met close friend Roberta Flack. At Howard, he was also a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. Hathaway formed a jazz trio with drummer Ric Powell while there but during 1967 left Howard just before completing a degree, after receiving job offers in the music business.

Career

Hathaway worked as songwriter, session musician and producer for Curtis Mayfield's Curtom Records in Chicago. He did the arrangements for hits by the Unifics ("Court of Love" and "The Beginning of My End") and took part in projects by the Staple Singers, Jerry Butler, Aretha Franklin, the Impressions and Curtis Mayfield himself. After becoming a "house producer" at Curtom, he also started recording there. Hathaway recorded his first single under his own name in 1969, a duet with singer June Conquest called "I Thank You Baby". They also recorded the duet "Just Another Reason", released as the b-side. Former Cleveland Browns president Bill Futterer, who as a college student promoted Curtom in the southeast in 1968 and 1969, was befriended by Hathaway and has cited Hathaway's influence on his later projects.

That year, Hathaway signed to Atco Records, then a division of Atlantic Records, after being spotted for the label by producer/musician King Curtis at a trade convention. He released his first single of note, "The Ghetto, Pt. 1", which he co-wrote with former Howard roommate Leroy Hutson, who became a performer, writer and producer with Curtom. The track appeared the following year on his critically acclaimed debut LP, Everything Is Everything, which he co-produced with Ric Powell while also arranging all the cuts. His second LP, Donny Hathaway, consisted mostly of covers of contemporary pop, soul, and gospel songs. His third album Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway was an album of duets with former Howard University associate and label mate Roberta Flack that established him, especially on the pop charts. The album was both a critical and commercial success, including the Ralph MacDonald-penned track "Where Is The Love", which proved to be not only an R&B success, but also scored Top Five on the pop Hot 100. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA on September 5, 1972. The album also included a number of other covers, including versions of Carole King's "You've Got a Friend", "Baby I Love You", originally a hit for Aretha Franklin, and "You've Lost That Loving Feeling".

Perhaps Hathaway's most influential recording is his 1972 album, Live, which has been termed "one of the best live albums ever recorded" by Daryl Easlea of the BBC. The album can also be found on the British online music and culture magazine The Quietus' list of "40 Favourite Live Albums". It was recorded at two concerts: side one at The Troubadour in Hollywood, and side two at The Bitter End in Greenwich Village, Manhattan.

Donny Hathaway is also known as the co-composer and performer of the Christmas standard, "This Christmas". The song, released in 1970, has become a holiday staple and is often used in movies, television and advertising. "This Christmas" has been covered by numerous artists across diverse musical genres, including The Whispers, Diana Ross, Aretha Franklin, The Temptations, The Four Tops, Stevie Wonder, Alexander O'Neal, Christina Aguilera, Chicago, Harry Connick, Jr., Dru Hill, *NSYNC, Gloria Estefan, Boney James, The Cheetah Girls, Chris Brown, Anthony Arnett (First Baptist Bracktown Christmas Celebration), Patti LaBelle and Mary J Blige (A Mary Christmas, album 2013), Seal, and Train.

Hathaway followed this flurry of work with some contributions to soundtracks, along with his recording of the theme song to the TV series Maude. He also composed and conducted music for the 1972 soundtrack of the movie Come Back Charleston Blue. In the mid-1970s, he also produced albums for other artists including Cold Blood, where he expanded the musical range of lead singer Lydia Pense.

His final studio album, Extension of a Man came out in 1973 with two tracks, "Love Love Love" and "I Love You More Than You'll Ever Know" reaching both the pop and R&B charts. However, it was probably best noted for his classic ballad, "Someday We'll All Be Free" and a six-minute symphonic-styled instrumental piece called "I Love The Lord, He Heard My Cry". He told UK music journalist David Nathan in 1973, "I always liked pretty music and I've always wanted to write it." Added the writer, "He declined to give one particular influence or inspiration but said that Ravel, Debussy and Stravinsky were amongst whom he studied."

He returned to the charts in 1978 after again teaming up with Roberta Flack for a duet, "The Closer I Get to You" on her album, Blue Lights in the Basement. The song topped the R&B chart and just missed the number 1 spot on the Hot 100 (reaching #2). Atlantic then put out another solo single, "You Were Meant For Me" shortly before his sudden death.Liner notes for later releases of his final solo album explain: "Donny is no longer here, but the song "Someday We'll All Be Free" gathers momentum as part of his legacy... Donny literally sat in the studio and cried when he heard the playback of his final mix. It's pretty special when an artist can create something that wipes them out." Edward Howard, lyricist of the song, adds, "It was a spiritual thing for me... What was going through my mind at the time was Donny, because Donny was a very troubled person. I hoped that at some point he would be released from all that he was going through. There was nothing I could do but write something that might be encouraging for him. He's a good leader for young black men".

Personal life

FamilyHathaway met his wife, Eulaulah, at Howard University and they married in 1967. They had two daughters, Eulaulah Donyll (Lalah) and Kenya. Lalah has enjoyed a successful solo career, while Kenya is a session singer and one of the three backing vocalists on the hit TV program American Idol. Both daughters are graduates of the Berklee College of Music.Mental illnessDuring the best part of his career, Hathaway began to suffer from severe bouts of depression. It was found that he was suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and was known to take strong medication daily to try to control the illness. However, Eulaulah Hathaway has said that her husband was frequently less than diligent about following his prescription regimen. Donnita Hathaway has said that her mother gave her similar information about her father, saying that when he took his medication, he was generally fine, but that when he did not, it was impossible for her to deal with him. Over the course of the 1970s, Hathaway's mental instability wreaked havoc on his life and required several hospitalizations. The effects of his depression and melancholia also drove a wedge in his and Flack's friendship; they did not reconcile for several years, and did not release additional music until the successful release of "The Closer I Get To You" in 1978. Flack and Hathaway then resumed studio recording to compose a second album of duets.

Death

Sessions for another album of duets were underway in 1979. On January 13 of that year, Hathaway began a recording session at which producers/musicians Eric Mercury and James Mtume were present. Mercury and Mtume each reported that although Hathaway's voice sounded good, he began behaving irrationally, seeming to be paranoid and delusional. According to Mtume, Hathaway said that "white people" were trying to kill him and had connected his brain to a machine, for the purpose of stealing his music and his sound. Given Hathaway's behavior, Mercury said that he decided the recording session could not continue, so he aborted it and all of the musicians went home.Hours later, Hathaway was found dead on the sidewalk below the window of his 15th-floor room in New York's Essex House hotel. It was reported that he had jumped from his balcony. The glass had been neatly removed from the window and there were no signs of struggle, leading investigators to rule that Hathaway's death was a suicide. However, his friends were mystified, considering that his career had just entered a resurgence. Flack was devastated and, spurred by his death, included the few duet tracks they had finished on her next album, Roberta Flack Featuring Donny Hathaway. According to Mercury, Hathaway's final recording, included on that album, was "You Are My Heaven", a song Mercury co-wrote with Stevie Wonder.Hathaway's funeral was conducted by the Reverend Jesse Jackson. Later in 1979, the Whispers recorded the tribute song, "Song for Donny", for their self-titled breakthrough album. The song reached #21 on the R&B chart.

Legacy and influence

Hathaway has been widely praised for his voice. Justin Timberlake calls him "the best singer of all time." Raúl Midón said that Hathaway is "the strongest soul singer that ever existed" and compares his vocal technique to a classical singer. "When Donny sings any song, he owns it," David Ritz quotes Stevie Wonder as having said. Amy Winehouse called Hathaway her favorite artist of all time. She mentioned him in her hit "Rehab” and covered several of his songs. Hathaway's work including Donny Hathaway Live, which featured noted R&B musicians Willie Weeks (bass), Fred White (drums), Mike Howard (guitar), Phil Upchurch (lead guitar side 1), Cornell Dupree (lead guitar side 2) and Earl DeRouen (percussion), has been cited as an influence by numerous other artists including John Legend, D'Angelo, Mary J. Blige, Aretha Franklin, Luther Vandross, R. Kelly, Alicia Keys, Jon B., Chris Brown, Nas, Common, Beyoncé, George Benson, Victor Wooten, India.Arie, Jon Gibson, Stevie Wonder, Brian McKnight, Anthony Hamilton, Usher, John Mayer, Led Zeppelin, Freddie Jackson and Frank McComb. Hathaway's use of the Rhodes Piano on his early Atco R&B recordings has also influenced many neo soul artists & producers.A second live album called In Performance, released in 1980 following his death, also included tracks recorded at venues in Los Angeles and New York between 1971 and 1973, showing Hathaway to be a fine stage performer. Later, in 2004, selected tracks from these two albums were added to previously unreleased live recordings for These Songs for You, Live!.For Record Store Day 2014, Live at the Bitter End 1971 was released on 180g vinyl as a numbered, limited edition. This album marks the first time this 1971 performance at The Bitter End has been released on vinyl, previously appearing on the CD release of the 2013 career anthology, Never My Love. The 21-minute recording of "Everything is Everything" had never been released before on any format and was an exclusive track to this release.

Discography

Studio albumsLive albumsSoundtrack albumsCompilation albumsSinglesWith Phil Upchurch

Upchurch (Cadet, 1969)

The Way I Feel (Cadet, 1970)

Tributes

On soul group the Whispers' 1980 self-titled album, the group paid homage with "Song for Donny", written by fellow soul singer Carrie Lucas. The song was set to the melody of Hathaway's "This Christmas".

In 1999 Aaron Hall recorded a brief tribute version of "Someday We'll All Be Free" on the third album for his group Guy titled Guy III, with Teddy Riley and Damion Hall.

In September 2001, Alicia Keys performed "Someday We'll All Be Free" on the 9/11 televised tribute concert America: A Tribute to Heroes.

In 2005, neo-soul singer songwriter guitarist, Raul Midón (Blue Note) worked with Hathaway's longtime producer Arif Mardin (known for collaborations with the Bee Gees, Chaka Khan, Bette Midler, Norah Jones, and Aretha Franklin) and created a tribute song to Hathaway called "Sittin' in the Middle".

In her 2006 song "Rehab", Amy Winehouse sings of learning from "Mr. Hathaway" instead of going to rehab.

In 2007, Deniece Williams covered "Someday We'll All Be Free" for her Love, Niecy Style album. Williams later shared that she broke down in tears in the studio while recording.

In 2008, Ed Pavlic published Winners Have Yet to Be Announced (University of Georgia Press), poems re-imagining the life of Donny Hathaway.

The song "What a Catch, Donnie", from Fall Out Boy's fourth studio album, Folie à Deux (2008), is named for Hathaway and mentions Roberta Flack, his writing partner.

Bizzy Bone's song entitled "A Song for You", is a track that includes an interpolation of Donny Hathaways's original recording of the same name.

In the 2013 song "Classic", band MKTO references writing songs "like Hathaway".

Wikipedia 

[titleleaf]

Thomas Cromwell’s surname was generally spelled Crumwell by his English correspondents, and that must have reflected how they thought the name sounded. It is harder work to pronounce the ‘w’ in his surname after a short ‘u’ sound than with a short ‘o’ sound; try it for yourself. The name was indeed increasingly written as ‘Cromwell’ in official documents, and it is not surprising therefore that non-native speakers, mostly reading rather than hearing the name, did their best with formulations such as ‘Cromuello’. [...] The last word on the subject can go to the King who both made him and destroyed him, writing in the closing days of June 1540 when his hatred and resentment were greatest towards his fallen minister: Henry VIII stripped the Earl of Essex he had created back to his birth surname, and wrote it in his own hand as ‘Cromell’.

Please, sir, I am dying.

[apho-sappho]

RFTGUYIHGYT

"We talk of love. I hardly think Master Crumwell understands us, for he has never known it I fear!"

[heaveninawildflower]

Front cover of a pamphlet ‘The Most Strange and Admirable Discovery of the Three Witches of Warboys’ (Huntington-shire).

Original pamphlet from 1593 by Thomas Man and John Winnington detailing the trial and execution of the witches whom ( according to the cover) bewitched the five daughters of Robert Throckmorton Esquire, and divers other persons, with sundry Devellish and grievious torments: And also for the betwitching to death of Lady Crumwell, the like hath not been heard of in this age.

Printed by the Widdowe Orwin.

The Norris Museum, St Ives, Cambridgeshire, UK. archive.org

[nastyfreakho]

Donny Edward Hathaway October 1, 1945 – January 13, 1979 He was an Grammy Award-winning American soulmusician. He signed with Atlantic Records in 1969, and with his first single "The Ghetto" (1970), Rolling Stone magazine marked him as "a major new force in soul music."His collaborations with Roberta Flack took him to the top of the charts and won him the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for the duet "Where Is the Love" in 1973. On January 13, 1979, his body was found outside the luxury hotel Essex House in New York City; his death was ruled a suicide. Hathaway, the son of Drusella Huntley, was born in Chicago, but spent most of his youth in St. Louis. He lived with his grandmother, Martha Pitts, also known as Martha Crumwell, in the Carr Square housing project. Hathaway began singing in a church choir with his grandmother, a professional gospel singer, at the age of 3. He also played the ukulele and, fascinated by Liberace, began studying piano as a child. Hathaway began singing professionally as "Donny Pitts, The Nation's Youngest Gospel Singer". By the time he was a student at Vashon High School, he was known as a piano prodigy, which earned him a fine-arts scholarship to Howard University in 1964 where he was initiated into Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. He attended Howard for three years and performed with The Ric Powell Trio, a jazz trio. Hathaway received so many job offers that he left Howard without a degree in 1967. At first, Hathaway worked as songwriter, session musician and producer. Working first at Chicago's Twinight Records, he later did the arrangements for The Unifics ("Court of Love" and "The Beginning Of My End") and participated in projects by The Staple Singers, Jerry Butler and Aretha Franklin, as well as with Curtis Mayfield. After becoming a "house producer" at Mayfield's label, Curtom Records, he recorded his first single in 1969, a duet with singer June Conquest called "I Thank You Baby". Hathaway then signed to Atco Records, which released his first single of note, "The Ghetto". His debut LP was Everything Is Everything (1970). https://www.instagram.com/p/BsmS3-kgCAa/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=10lsj82bij6mi

[lboogie1906]

Donny Edward Hathaway (October 1, 1945 – January 13, 1979) was a soul singer, keyboardist, songwriter, and arranger. He has been described as a "soul legend" by Rolling Stone. His most popular songs include "The Ghetto", "This Christmas", "Someday We'll All Be Free", and "Little Ghetto Boy.” He is renowned for his renditions of "A Song for You", "For All We Know", and "I Love You More Than You'll Ever Know,” along with "Where Is the Love" and "The Closer I Get to You", two of many collaborations with Roberta Flack. He's been inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame and won one Grammy from four nominations. He was posthumously bestowed with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Dutch director David Kleijwegt made a documentary: Mister Soul - A story about Donny Hathaway which premiered at the International Film Festival Rotterdam on January 28, 2020. The son of Drusella Huntley was born in Chicago and was raised by his grandmother, Martha Pitts, known as Martha Crumwell, in the Carr Square housing project of St. Louis. He began singing in the church choir with his grandmother, a professional gospel singer, at the age of three and studied piano. He graduated from Vashon High School. He then studied music on a fine arts scholarship at Howard University where he met Roberta Flack. At Howard, he was a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. He formed a jazz trio with drummer Ric Powell while there. In 1967, Hathaway married Eulaulah Vann. The two met while attending Howard University where both were studying music. They had two daughters, Eulaulah Donyll (Lalah) and Kenya Canc'Libra. Lalah has enjoyed a successful solo career, while Kenya is a session singer and one of the three backing vocalists on American Idol. Both daughters are graduates of the Berklee College of Music. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence #alphaphialpha https://www.instagram.com/p/CjLHehKLqyf/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[fideidefenswhore]

The spelling in ambassadors' letters betrayed their roots, with Imperial ambassador Chapuys' spelling of Cromwell as 'Cremuel', while Thomas himself often signed off as 'Crumwell'.

Living Like a Tudor (Licence, Amy)

[publicfaithquotes]

Great Britain, Journals of the House of Lords, 1643

Page 150: And it is further ordained, That the said Earl of Manchester, or the said Colonel De Mazeris, shall give, in writing under his hand, a perfect List of the numbers of horse and arms he receives of the several counties and persons who furnish the same shall have the Public Faith, for repayment and satisfaction. ….. And it is further ordained, That the said Earl of Manchester, or the said Sir John Norrige, shall give, in writing under his hand, a perfect list of the number of horse and arms he receives of the several counties and persons who furnish the same shall have the Public Faith, for repayment and satisfaction. ….. And it is further ordained, that the said Earl, or the said Sir Miles Hubbart, shall give in writing under his hand, a perfect list of the number of horse and arms he receives of the several counties, for the which horse and arms the several counties and persons who furnish the same shall have the Public Faith, for repayment and satisfaction. ….. And it is further ordained, that the said Earl, or the said Colonel Crumwell, shall give, in writing under his hand, a perfect list of the number of horse and arms he receives of the several counties, for the which hors and arms the several counties and persons who furnish the sam shall have the Public Faith, for repayment and satisfaction. ….. And it is further ordained, That the said Earl of Manchester, or the said Colonel Norton, shall give, in writing under his hand, a perfect list of the number of horse and arms he receives of the several counties; and the persons who furnish the same shall have the Public Faith, for repayment and satisfaction.

Page 180: Upon the petition of Sir William Belfort, Knight, reported to the House of Commons from the Committee for the Affairs of Ireland, whereby he deserted, that the Public Faith of the Kingdom may be given unto Richard Wrigglesworth Draper, and Daniel Farvax Mercer, for payment of 365 pounds, and 8 shillings, at the end of six months; who thereupon will furnish so much cloth, stuffs, and other necessaries, as will clothe the troops of his Troop in Ulster, in Ireland, in such sort as other troops there have been already provided for by the Parliament …. And the said Lords and Commons do hereby engage the Public Faith of the whole Kingdom, that the said Richard Wrigglesworth and Daniel Farvax, or their assigns, shall, at the end of six months next after the delivery of such cloth, stuffs, and other necessaries, and to the value as aforesaid, receive the said sum of 365 pounds 8 shillings, and of such monies as shall then be appointed for the same.

It is this day ordered, by the Lords and Commons, that an ordinance be passed both Houses of Parliament, for securing, upon the Public Faith of the Kingdom, the payment of the same of 600 pounds, at the end of three months next ensuing, unto Nicholas Loftus, Esquire, Deputy Treasurer at Wars for Ireland, to be by him then presently paid over unto Mr. Thomas Haselrig, of London, in satisfaction of divers cloths and other necessaries by him delivered unto George Wood, Commissary of the Clothing of the Soldiers in Ireland, to be disposed of towards the clothing of the foot regiment of Colonel Audley Mervin, in the Province of Munster, and to be deflated out of the pay of such soldiers as shall receive the same.

Page 258: ….we are, by these Articles, presently to pay unto them the sum of 100,000 pounds, by way of advance, towards the monthly payments to be made to their Army, after such tim as they shall make their first entrance into this Kingdom; and, by these Articles, our Brethren of Scotland, to manifest their willingness to their utmost ability to be helpful to the Kingdom in this common cause, have agreed to give the Public Faith of the Kingdom of Scotland, to be jointly made use of with the Public Faith of the Kingdom of England, for the present taking up of 200,000 pounds sterling, in the Kingdom of England, or elsewhere, for the speedy procuring the said 100,000 pounds sterling as aforesaid; and also a considerable sum for the satisfying in good proportion the arrears of the Scottish Army in Ireland. ….. now, for the security of such persons, and provision for the repayment of such sums, the Lords and Commons now assembled in Parliament do hereby ordain, order, and declare, that the several sums of money so lent, and to be lent, as aforesaid, shall, together with the consideration of eight pounds per cent. for the time of forbearance, be repaid unto the persons that shall lend the same; for performance whereof they do hereby engage the Public Faith of this Kingdom, bing confident that our Brethren of Scotland, according to the agreement in the said Artlcles mentioned, will in like manner jointly engage the Public Faith of that Kingdom: ….. And, in case any sum of money shall be borrowed in the parts beyond the seas, upon the joint Public Faith of both the Kingdoms, the said loans and sums of money shall, out of the same, be repaid unto the persons that shall lend the same.

And it is further ordered, ordained, and declared, that the said sum of 200,000 pounds, to be lent as aforesaid, shall be divided into three equal and even payments, each payment amounting to 66,666 pounds, 13 shillings, and 4 pence; and that the persons that shall first advance and lend the same of 66,666, 13 shillings, and 4 pence, shall be first satisfied and paid, the said payment to be made in manner following …..

Page 290: 5. This Army to be paid likewise as if the Kingdom of Scotland were to employ the same for their own occasions; and towards the defraying thereof (it not amounting to the full month’s pay), shall be monthly allowed and paid the sum of $30,000 pounds sterling, by the Parliament of England, out of the estates and revenues of the pupils, prelates, malignants, and their adherents, or otherwise; and, in case the said 30,000 pounds monthly, of any part thereof, be not paid at the times when it shall become due and payable, the Kingdom of England shall give the Public Faith for this paying of the remainder unpaid, with all possible speed, allowing the rate of eight pounds per centum for the time of the forbearance thereof; and in case, that, notwithstanding the said monthly sum of 30,000 pounds paid as aforesaid, the states and kingdom of Scotland shall have just cause to demand further satisfaction of their Brethren of England, when the peace of both kingdoms is settled, for the pains, hazard, and charges, they have undergone in the same, they shall, by way of brotherly assistance, have due recompense made unto them by the Kingdom of England, out of the said lands and estates of the papists, prelates, malignants, and their adherents, as the two Houses of the Parliament of England shall think fit; and, for the assurance hereof, the Public Faith of the Kingdom of England to be given them. ….. 7. That the Kingdom of Scotland, to manifest their willingness to their utmost ability to be helpful to their Brethren of England in this common cause, will give the Public Faith of the Kingdom of Scotland, to bee jointly made use of with the Public Faith of the Kingdom of England, for the present taking up of 200,000 pounds sterling, in the Kingdom of England or elsewhere, for the speech producing of the said 100,000 pounds sterling as aforesaid, as also a considerable sum for the satisfying in good proportion the arrears of the Scottish Army in Ireland. …… 9. That the Public Faith of the Kingdom of Scotland shall be given to their Brethren of England, that neither their entrance into, nor continuance in, the Kingdom of England, shall be made use of to any other ends than as are expressed in the covenant, and in the articles of this Treaty; and that all matters of difference that shall happen to arise between the subjects of the two nations shall be resolved and determined by the mutual advice and consent of both Kingdoms, or by such committees as for this purpose shall be by them appointed, with the same power as in the precedent article.

Page 365: 5. That this Army be likewise paid as if the Kingdom of Scotland were to employ the same for their own occasions; and towards the defraying thereof (if not amounting to the full month’s pay) shall be monthly allowed and paid the sum of 30,000 pounds sterling, by the Parliament of England, out of the estates and revenues of the papists, prelates, malignants, and their adherents, or otherwise; and in case the said 30,000 pounds monthly, or any part thereof, be not paid at the time when it shall become due and payable, the Kingdom of England shall give the Public Faith for the payment of the remainder unpaid with all possible speed, allowing the rate of eight pounds per cent. for the time of the forbearance thereof; and in case that, notwithstanding the said monthly sum of 30,000 pounds paid as aforesaid, the states and Kingdom of Scotland shall have just cause to demand further satisfaction of their Brethren of England, when the Peace of both Kingdoms is settled, for the pains, hazard, and charges, they have undergone in the same, thy shall, by way of brotherly assistance,have due recompense made unto them by the Kingdom of England; and that out of such lands and estates of the papists, prelates, malignants, and their adherents, as the two Houses of Parliament of England shall think fit; and, for the assurance hereof, the Public Faith of the Kingdom of England shall be given them. …… 7. That the Kingdom of Scotland, to manifest their willingness to their utmost ability to be helpful to their Brethren of England in this common cause, will give the Public Faith of the Kingdom of Scotland, to be jointly made use of with the Public Faith of the Kingdom of England, for the present taking up 200,000 pounds sterling, in the Kingdom of England or elsewhere, for the speedy procuring of the said 100,000 pounds sterling as aforesaid; as also a considerable sum, for the satisfying in good proportion the arrears of the Scottish Army in Ireland. ….. 9. That the Public Faith of the Kingdom of Scotland shall be given to their Brethren of England, that neither their entrance into nor their continuance in the Kingdom of England shall be made use of to any other ends than are expressed in the covenant, and in the Articles of this Treaty; and that all matters of difference, that shall happen to arise between the subjects of the two nations, shall be resolved and determined by the mutual advice and consent of both Kingdoms, or by such Commits as for this purpose shall be by them appointed, with the same power as in the precedent Article.

[blackkudos]

Donny Hathaway

Donny Edward Hathaway (October 1, 1945 – January 13, 1979) was an American jazz, blues, soul and gospel singer, songwriter, arranger and pianist. Hathaway signed with Atlantic Records in 1969 and with his first single for the Atco label, "The Ghetto", in early 1970, 

Rolling Stone

 magazine "marked him as a major new force in soul music." His enduring songs include "The Ghetto", "This Christmas", "Someday We'll All Be Free", "Little Ghetto Boy", "I Love You More Than You'll Ever Know", signature versions of "A Song for You" and "For All We Know", and "Where Is the Love" and "The Closer I Get to You", two of many collaborations with Roberta Flack. "Where Is the Love" won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals in 1973. At the height of his career Hathaway was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and was known to not take his prescribed medication regularly enough to properly control his symptoms. On January 13, 1979, Hathaway's body was found outside the luxury hotel Essex House in New York City; his death was ruled a suicide.

Early life

Hathaway, the son of Drusella Huntley, was born in Chicago but raised with his grandmother, Martha Pitts, also known as Martha Crumwell, in the Carr Square housing project of St. Louis. Hathaway began singing in a church choir with his grandmother, a professional gospel singer, at the age of three and studying piano. He graduated from Vashon High School in 1963. Hathaway then studied music on a fine arts scholarship at Howard University in Washington, D.C., where he met close friend Roberta Flack. At Howard, he was also a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. Hathaway formed a jazz trio with drummer Ric Powell while there but during 1967 left Howard just before completing a degree, after receiving job offers in the music business.

Career

Hathaway worked as songwriter, session musician and producer for Curtis Mayfield's Curtom Records in Chicago. He did the arrangements for hits by the Unifics ("Court of Love" and "The Beginning of My End") and took part in projects by the Staple Singers, Jerry Butler, Aretha Franklin, the Impressions and Curtis Mayfield himself. After becoming a "house producer" at Curtom, he also started recording there. Hathaway recorded his first single under his own name in 1969, a duet with singer June Conquest called "I Thank You Baby". They also recorded the duet "Just Another Reason", released as the b-side. Former Cleveland Browns president Bill Futterer, who as a college student promoted Curtom in the southeast in 1968 and 1969, was befriended by Hathaway and has cited Hathaway's influence on his later projects.

That year, Hathaway signed to Atco Records, then a division of Atlantic Records, after being spotted for the label by producer/musician King Curtis at a trade convention. He released his first single of note, "The Ghetto, Pt. 1", which he co-wrote with former Howard roommate Leroy Hutson, who became a performer, writer and producer with Curtom. The track appeared the following year on his critically acclaimed debut LP, Everything Is Everything, which he co-produced with Ric Powell while also arranging all the cuts. His second LP, Donny Hathaway, consisted mostly of covers of contemporary pop, soul, and gospel songs. His third album Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway was an album of duets with former Howard University associate and label mate Roberta Flack that established him, especially on the pop charts. The album was both a critical and commercial success, including the Ralph MacDonald-penned track "Where Is The Love", which proved to be not only an R&B success, but also scored Top Five on the pop Hot 100. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA on September 5, 1972. The album also included a number of other covers, including versions of Carole King's "You've Got a Friend", "Baby I Love You", originally a hit for Aretha Franklin, and "You've Lost That Loving Feeling".

Perhaps Hathaway's most influential recording is his 1972 album, Live, which has been termed "one of the best live albums ever recorded" by Daryl Easlea of the BBC. The album can also be found on the British online music and culture magazine The Quietus' list of "40 Favourite Live Albums". It was recorded at two concerts: side one at The Troubadour in Hollywood, and side two at The Bitter End in Greenwich Village, Manhattan.

Donny Hathaway is also known as the co-composer and performer of the Christmas standard, "This Christmas". The song, released in 1970, has become a holiday staple and is often used in movies, television and advertising. "This Christmas" has been covered by numerous artists across diverse musical genres, including The Whispers, Diana Ross, Aretha Franklin, The Temptations, The Four Tops, Stevie Wonder, Alexander O'Neal, Christina Aguilera, Chicago, Harry Connick, Jr., Dru Hill, *NSYNC, Gloria Estefan, Boney James, The Cheetah Girls, Chris Brown, Anthony Arnett (First Baptist Bracktown Christmas Celebration), Patti LaBelle and Mary J Blige (A Mary Christmas, album 2013), Seal, and Train.

Hathaway followed this flurry of work with some contributions to soundtracks, along with his recording of the theme song to the TV series Maude. He also composed and conducted music for the 1972 soundtrack of the movie Come Back Charleston Blue. In the mid-1970s, he also produced albums for other artists including Cold Blood, where he expanded the musical range of lead singer Lydia Pense.

His final studio album, Extension of a Man came out in 1973 with two tracks, "Love Love Love" and "I Love You More Than You'll Ever Know" reaching both the pop and R&B charts. However, it was probably best noted for his classic ballad, "Someday We'll All Be Free" and a six-minute symphonic-styled instrumental piece called "I Love The Lord, He Heard My Cry". He told UK music journalist David Nathan in 1973, "I always liked pretty music and I've always wanted to write it." Added the writer, "He declined to give one particular influence or inspiration but said that Ravel, Debussy and Stravinsky were amongst whom he studied."

He returned to the charts in 1978 after again teaming up with Roberta Flack for a duet, "The Closer I Get to You" on her album, Blue Lights in the Basement. The song topped the R&B chart and just missed the number 1 spot on the Hot 100 (reaching #2). Atlantic then put out another solo single, "You Were Meant For Me" shortly before his sudden death.

Liner notes for later releases of his final solo album explain: "Donny is no longer here, but the song "Someday We'll All Be Free" gathers momentum as part of his legacy... Donny literally sat in the studio and cried when he heard the playback of his final mix. It's pretty special when an artist can create something that wipes them out." Edward Howard, lyricist of the song, adds, "It was a spiritual thing for me... What was going through my mind at the time was Donny, because Donny was a very troubled person. I hoped that at some point he would be released from all that he was going through. There was nothing I could do but write something that might be encouraging for him. He's a good leader for young black men".

Personal life

Family

Hathaway met his wife, Eulaulah, at Howard University and they married in 1967. They had two daughters, Eulaulah Donyll (Lalah) and Kenya. Lalah has enjoyed a successful solo career, while Kenya is a session singer and one of the three backing vocalists on the hit TV program American Idol. Both daughters are graduates of the Berklee College of Music.

Mental illness

During the best part of his career, Hathaway began to suffer from severe bouts of depression. It was found that he was suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and was known to take strong medication daily to try to control the illness. However, Eulaulah Hathaway has said that her husband was frequently less than diligent about following his prescription regimen. Donnita Hathaway has said that her mother gave her similar information about her father, saying that when he took his medication, he was generally fine, but that when he did not, it was impossible for her to deal with him. Over the course of the 1970s, Hathaway's mental instability wreaked havoc on his life and required several hospitalizations. The effects of his depression and melancholia also drove a wedge in his and Flack's friendship; they did not reconcile for several years, and did not release additional music until the successful release of "The Closer I Get To You" in 1978. Flack and Hathaway then resumed studio recording to compose a second album of duets.

Death

Sessions for another album of duets were underway in 1979. On January 13 of that year, Hathaway began a recording session at which producers/musicians Eric Mercury and James Mtume were present. Mercury and Mtume each reported that although Hathaway's voice sounded good, he began behaving irrationally, seeming to be paranoid and delusional. According to Mtume, Hathaway said that "white people" were trying to kill him and had connected his brain to a machine, for the purpose of stealing his music and his sound. Given Hathaway's behavior, Mercury said that he decided the recording session could not continue, so he aborted it and all of the musicians went home.

Hours later, Hathaway was found dead on the sidewalk below the window of his 15th-floor room in New York's Essex House hotel. It was reported that he had jumped from his balcony. The glass had been neatly removed from the window and there were no signs of struggle, leading investigators to rule that Hathaway's death was a suicide. However, his friends were mystified, considering that his career had just entered a resurgence. Flack was devastated and, spurred by his death, included the few duet tracks they had finished on her next album, Roberta Flack Featuring Donny Hathaway. According to Mercury, Hathaway's final recording, included on that album, was "You Are My Heaven", a song Mercury co-wrote with Stevie Wonder.

Hathaway's funeral was conducted by the Reverend Jesse Jackson. Later in 1979, the Whispers recorded the tribute song, "Song for Donny", for their self-titled breakthrough album. The song reached #21 on the R&B chart.

Legacy and influence

Hathaway has been widely praised for his voice. Justin Timberlake calls him "the best singer of all time." Raúl Midón said that Hathaway is "the strongest soul singer that ever existed" and compares his vocal technique to a classical singer. "When Donny sings any song, he owns it," David Ritz quotes Stevie Wonder as having said. Amy Winehouse called Hathaway her favorite artist of all time. She mentioned him in her hit "Rehab” and covered several of his songs. Hathaway's work including Donny Hathaway Live, which featured noted R&B musicians Willie Weeks (bass), Fred White (drums), Mike Howard (guitar), Phil Upchurch (lead guitar side 1), Cornell Dupree (lead guitar side 2) and Earl DeRouen (percussion), has been cited as an influence by numerous other artists including John Legend, D'Angelo, Mary J. Blige, Aretha Franklin, Luther Vandross, R. Kelly, Alicia Keys, Jon B., Chris Brown, Nas, Common, Beyoncé, George Benson, Victor Wooten, India.Arie, Jon Gibson, Stevie Wonder, Brian McKnight, Anthony Hamilton, Usher, John Mayer, Led Zeppelin, Freddie Jackson and Frank McComb. Hathaway's use of the Rhodes Piano on his early Atco R&B recordings has also influenced many neo soul artists & producers.

A second live album called In Performance, released in 1980 following his death, also included tracks recorded at venues in Los Angeles and New York between 1971 and 1973, showing Hathaway to be a fine stage performer. Later, in 2004, selected tracks from these two albums were added to previously unreleased live recordings for These Songs for You, Live!.

For Record Store Day 2014, Live at the Bitter End 1971 was released on 180g vinyl as a numbered, limited edition. This album marks the first time this 1971 performance at The Bitter End has been released on vinyl, previously appearing on the CD release of the 2013 career anthology, Never My Love. The 21-minute recording of "Everything is Everything" had never been released before on any format and was an exclusive track to this release.

Discography

Studio albumsLive albumsSoundtrack albumsCompilation albumsSingles

With Phil Upchurch

Upchurch (Cadet, 1969)

The Way I Feel (Cadet, 1970)

Tributes

On soul group the Whispers' 1980 self-titled album, the group paid homage with "Song for Donny", written by fellow soul singer Carrie Lucas. The song was set to the melody of Hathaway's "This Christmas".

In 1999 Aaron Hall recorded a brief tribute version of "Someday We'll All Be Free" on the third album for his group Guy titled Guy III, with Teddy Riley and Damion Hall.

In September 2001, Alicia Keys performed "Someday We'll All Be Free" on the 9/11 televised tribute concert America: A Tribute to Heroes.

In 2005, neo-soul singer songwriter guitarist, Raul Midón (Blue Note) worked with Hathaway's longtime producer Arif Mardin (known for collaborations with the Bee Gees, Chaka Khan, Bette Midler, Norah Jones, and Aretha Franklin) and created a tribute song to Hathaway called "Sittin' in the Middle".

In her 2006 song "Rehab", Amy Winehouse sings of learning from "Mr. Hathaway" instead of going to rehab.

In 2007, Deniece Williams covered "Someday We'll All Be Free" for her Love, Niecy Style album. Williams later shared that she broke down in tears in the studio while recording.

In 2008, Ed Pavlic published Winners Have Yet to Be Announced (University of Georgia Press), poems re-imagining the life of Donny Hathaway.

The song "What a Catch, Donnie", from Fall Out Boy's fourth studio album, Folie à Deux (2008), is named for Hathaway and mentions Roberta Flack, his writing partner.

Bizzy Bone's song entitled "A Song for You", is a track that includes an interpolation of Donny Hathaways's original recording of the same name.

In the 2013 song "Classic", band MKTO references writing songs "like Hathaway".

Wikipedia

[whosaidxyz]

A Newe Ballade Made Of Thomas Crumwel, Called Trolle On Away , A poem by Anonymous Olde English. For more audio poems, check out our site at http://AudioPoems.org

[along-the-devils-backbone]

Saw a couple of posts on my dash of people using  Rinmaru’s avatar creator and absolutely had to give it a go, because everyone’s avatars look amazing??? 

So i did my main characters for my Homebrew D&D universe/story/thing because Jim and I have been worldbuilding on it a LOT lately and it’s stuck in my brain \o/ (and Aevalin, because i needed an even number and she’s my WoW baby)

Top -> Bottom, Left -> Right:

Rowan Ashburn (Banvardian Wind Mage, Lael’s Lover)

Aevalin Morrowshire (Blood Elf Warlock)

Gabriel “Gabe” Crumwell (Half Elf Son of a Pirate)

Prince Lael of Dush’arra (Dush’arran Royalty and Rowan’s Lover)

Leo of Nurova (Nurova’s Famous Trashy Romance Author)

Captain Able Crumwell (Captain of Esme’s Wrath Skyship. Father of Gabe)

Isabella Crumwell (Wife of Ian, Unknown/Mixed Race. Fiesty as fuck)

Ian Crumwell (Navigator and First mate of Esme’s Wrath. Brother to Able, Husband of Isabella)