#cumbria museum of military life

[barbucomedie]

Infantry Officer's Small Sword from Germany dated to 1796 on display at the Cumbria Museum of Military Life in Carlise, England

Until 1786 there was little regulation on what swords officers in the British army carried. After that they introduced regular patterns for regiments and officers to use. Small swords like this were more a symbol of authority and rank on the battlefield and on parade unlike cavalry swords which were more in use in combat.

Photographs taken by myself 2023

[cumbriacrack]

Tuesday Talk – The Formation of the King’s Own Royal Border Regiment 1959 Cumbria Museum of Military Life in Carlisle Castle Tuesday Talks series continues with a talk on the formation of The King’s Own Royal Border Regiment in 1959 Full story: https://www.cumbriacrack.com/2019/10/02/tuesday-talk-the-formation-of-the-kings-own-royal-border-regiment-1959/

[livinglikebritishroyalty]

𝐻𝑒𝓇 𝑅𝑜𝓎𝒶𝓁 𝐻𝒾𝑔𝒽𝓃𝑒𝓈𝓈 𝒫𝓇𝒾𝓃𝒸𝑒𝓈𝓈 𝒜𝓁𝑒𝓍𝒶𝓃𝒹𝓇𝒶

♕ 𝐹𝓊𝓁𝓁 𝒩𝒶𝓂𝑒: Alexandra Helen Elizabeth Olga Christabel

♕ 𝐹𝓊𝓁𝓁 𝒯𝒾𝓉𝓁𝑒: Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra Helen Elizabeth Olga Christabel, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy

♕ 𝐵𝓸𝓇𝓃: Friday, December 25th, 1936 at 3 Belgrave Square, London

♕ 𝒫𝒶𝓇𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓈: Her Royal Highness Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark (Mother) & His Royal Highness George Edward Alexander Edmund The Duke of Kent (Father)

♕ 𝒮𝒾𝒷𝓁𝒾𝓃𝑔𝓈: His Royal Highness Edward George Nicholas Paul Patrick The Duke of Kent (Brother) & His Royal Highness Prince Michael George Charles Franklin of Kent (Brother)

♕ 𝒮𝓅𝓸𝓊𝓈𝑒: The Right Honourable Sir Angus James Bruce Ogilvy (M. 1963)

♕ 𝒞𝒽𝒾𝓁𝒹𝓇𝑒𝓃: James Robert Bruce Ogilvy (Son) & Marina Victoria Alexandra Ogilvy (Daughter)

♕ 𝒢𝓇𝒶𝓃𝒹𝒸𝒽𝒾𝓁𝒹𝓇𝑒𝓃: Flora Alexandra Ogilvy (Granddaughter), Alexander Charles Ogilvy (Grandson), Zenouska May Mowatt (Grandaughter), & Christian Alexander Mowatt (Grandson)

♕ 𝐸𝒹𝓊𝒸𝒶𝓉𝒾𝓸𝓃: Heathfield School & Great Ormond Street Hospital

♕ 𝐼𝓃𝓉𝑒𝓇𝑒𝓈𝓉𝓈 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝒲𝓸𝓇𝓀: Patron of The Alexandra House, President of The Alexandra Rose Charity, Royal Patron of The Alzheimer's Society, Patron of The Anchor Hanover, Royal Patron of The Arundel Museum, Patron of The Belted Galloway Cattle Society, Patron of BEN, Patron of The Blackie Foundation, Patron of Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, Patron of The British Goat Society, Patron of The British Home, Patron of The British School at Rome, Royal Patron of The British Skin Foundation, Joint President of Cancer Research UK, President of The Care for Veterans, Patron of The Cassel Hospital Trust, Royal-Patron of The Children & Families Across Borders, Royal Patron of The Chopin Society, Freeman of The City of Lancaster, Freeman of The City of London, Royal Patron of CORDA, Royal Patron of The CPotential Trust, Patron of Crisis UK, Patron of Cumbria Museum of Military Life, Patron of The Durham Light Infantry Association, ROYAL PATRON of The Dystonia Society, Patron of The English National Opera, Royal Patron of The FitzRoy Support, President of The Fitzwilliam Museum Development Trust, Royal Patron of The Florence Nightingale Foundation, Patron of The Florence Nightingale Museum Trust, Vice-President of The Foundation of the College of St George, Patron of The Friends of Lancaster Concerts, President of The Friends of the Elderly, Patron of The Friends of the Osborne and Lillian H. Smith Collections, Patron of The Girls Venture Corps Air Cadets, Patron of Guide Dogs for the Blind Association, Patron of The Guideposts Trust Limited, Royal Patron of Guts UK, Royal Patron of The Holly Ledge Centre, Patron of Home-Start UK, Patron of The House of St. Barnabus, Royal Patron of The Independent Age (Officially: The Royal United Kingdom Beneficent Association), Patron of The Jacob Sheep Society, Patron of The Kew Guild, Patron of The Leeds Castle Foundation, Patron of The Light Infantry Club, Patron of The London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, Patron of The London Philharmonic Choir, Royal Patron of The Masterpiece London, Patron of The Mental Health Foundation, Patron of Mind (The National Association for Mental Health), Honorary Member of The Moroccan British Society, Royal Patron of The Museum of Richmond, Royal Patron of The Music for Life at Wigmore Hall, Patron of Nature in Art, Patron of The New Bridge Foundation, Royal Patron of The Oxford Philharmonic Trust, President of The Partners for Change Ethiopia, Patron of The Pennington Mellor Munthe Charity Trust, Patron of The People's Dispensary for Sick Animals, Patron of The Perennial - Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Society, President of Queen Alexandra's House Association, Patron of The Queen Mother's Clothing Guild, Patron of Queen Victoria's Seamen's Rest, PATRON of The Richmond Fellowship, Royal Patron of The Rockinghorse Children's Charity, Honorary Patron of The Royal Academy America, Patron of The Royal Alexandra Hospital for Sick Children, Grand President of The Royal British Legion Scotland Women's Section, Patron of The Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Patron of The Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, Honorary Fellow of The Royal College of Anaesthetists, Honorary Fellow of The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Honorary Fellow of The Royal College of Physicians, Honorary Fellow of The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, President of The Royal Humane Society, Vice Patron of The Royal Over-Seas League, Patron of The Ruskin Foundation, Royal Patron of The Safe Haven for Donkeys in the Holy Land, Patron of The Scottish Artists Benevolent Association, Patron of The Sightsavers (The Royal Commonwealth Society for the Blind), Patron of St Christopher's Hospice, Patron of St Mary's Convent and Nursing Home, Patron of The Starlight Children's Foundation, Patron of The Tavistock Clinic, Deputy President of The British Red Cross Society, Honorary Member of the General Council of The King’s Fund, Honorary Life Member of The Royal Air Force Club, Vice President of The Royal Cornwall Agricultural Association, President of The Royal Star and Garter Homes, Royal Honorary Freeman of The Worship Company of Barbers, Honorary Freeman of The Worshipful Company of Clothworkers, Patron of Thrive, Patron of Toynbee Hall, Patron of The United Kingdom Falklands Islands Trust, Patron of St Tiggywinkles Wildlife Hospital Trust, & Vice Patron of The Young Women's Trust (YWCA England & Wales).

[worldfootprints]

The United Kingdom is a country with a long and varied history, so it’s no surprise that it has a significant number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Most travelers heading to the UK usually visit only a few token destinations outside of London, so they miss out on these wonderful historic places. Here’s a guide to some you should consider visiting the next time you’re in the UK.

The City of Bath

The city of Bath, founded by the Romans as a thermal spa, is also known as one of the homes of world-renowned writer Jane Austen. The city has gone through many transformations since its origins, from being a wool industry hotspot in the Middle Ages to developing into an architecturally opulent 18th- century Georgian town. It was added to the UNESCO list in 1987 for a number of reasons; its Roman Baths and hot springs, which are still pretty much intact, 18th-century architecture and town planning, its setting at the foot of hilly countryside, with green views stretching in every direction from the city center, and for how its architecture reflected the social ambitions of the 18th century. Nowadays, Bath’s historic center is a delight to wander around any time of year, and it is a romantic destination because of its stunning architecture, narrow streets, and cozy atmosphere. Bath also has a vibrant arts and culture scene, particularly theater and literature, and is host to several festivals throughout the year, such as the Jane Austen Festival and the Bath Children’s Literature Festival.

Roman baths of Bath, England.

St Kilda

St Kilda is one of the most isolated and magnificent of all the UNESCO sites in the UK. A tiny archipelago in Scotland’s Outer Hebrides, St Kilda is the only UK UNESCO site – and only one of a few in the world – that has a mixed status of cultural and natural importance.

The islands of St Kilda have a fascinating history. Inhabited for over two millennia, the local population, which has never exceeded 180 people, lived a hermetic existence, cut off from the rest of the world. In the 19th-century, when tourism to the island took off, the residents faced new problems, like tetanus, a disease that the locals hadn’t been exposed to before. Diseases, and the British military presence during World War I, eventually led to the complete evacuation of the St Kilda’s largest island, Hirta in the 1930s. Today it’s possible to explore the remnants of the prehistoric ruins and a medieval village on Hirta as well as enjoy the rugged landscape and endemic wildlife. Visit at the right time – either out of season or very early in the morning – and, aside from a few scientists, National Trust workers, and defense personnel, you could have the islands to yourself. Most tourists only visit Hirta, but it is also possible to see the smaller islands of Dun, Soay, and Boreray.

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Photos of St. Kilda provided by Donna Green (cc)

The English Lake District

The English Lake District has long inspired British writers. William Wordsworth described it as ‘the loveliest spot that man hath found,’ and Beatrix Potter bought a significant amount of land and property during her lifetime and then left it all to the National Trust upon her death. In fact, Potter is attributed with being one of the main reasons why there is still a lake district to enjoy today, as well as helping save the Herdwick sheep from extinction. It’s worth checking out the National Trust attractions detailing Potter’s life in the Lake District, such as Hill Top Farm and The World of Beatrix Potter, but it’s the landscape that also draws tourists here. Ancient castles, rolling hills, tranquil lakes, and picturesque villages that would take months to explore the area fully. The Lake District is known for its walking trails and mountains ideal for hiking, including the highest peak in England, Scafell Pike. It’s also a great area for a wide variety of water sports, such as kayaking, sailing, scuba diving, and windsurfing. A little-known fact about the Lake District is its gastronomy scene; tempting restaurants range from traditional historic pubs to high-end fine dining establishments, and there are special local delicacies you should try, such as Kendal mint cake and Cumberland sausage.

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Haweswater Reservoir in the Lake District.

Mountain view in Cumbria.

Durham Castle and Cathedral

There are plenty of reasons to visit the city of Durham in the north-east of England. An old university city with a reputation on a par with those of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham is a place that embraces its historical past while still moving with the times. It’s a lively center for theater, music, and comedy. Sites on the UNESCO list include Durham Castle and Cathedral, important landmarks to the city. The castle has been around since Norman times, built on the instruction of William the Conqueror to subdue the northern population – whom he saw as ‘wild and fickle’ – into realizing the might of his power. A classic example of a motte and bailey castle, it was extended over the centuries, including the addition of the magnificent Great Hall in the 14th century. Since 1840, the university has fully occupied the castle. Opposite is the cathedral, a site of religious importance for pilgrims during the Medieval Ages. Built to house the relics of St Cuthbert, the cathedral is also home to the head of St Oswald and the remains of an important Benedictine monk, the Venerable Bede.

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Blaenavon Industrial Landscape

South Wales has always had a strong tradition of industry; Wales was the first industrial nation in the world. There’s no better place to celebrate this than the Blaenavon Industrial Landscape. Inscribed as a UNESCO site in 2000, Blaenavon covers 33 kilometers and consists of many interesting sights and attractions related to the 19th-century coal and iron industries. Attractions include the Big Pit National Coal Museum, Blaenavon Ironworks, the Blaenavon Heritage Railway, and the Blaenavon World Heritage Center. Because of the government’s promise to protect the Blaenavon Ironworks in the 1970s, the remains of its 18th and 19th- century furnaces are the best preserved in the UK and now attract record numbers of visitors every year. The Big Pit – a former coal mine – has remained exactly as it was when it ceased functioning as a working coal mine in 1980 and offers guided tours for free— highly unusual for an attraction of this kind in the UK. If that isn’t enough, the town of Blaenavon is a fantastic example of a typical Welsh working-class town; largely architecturally and cultural unchanged since it was established for the workers of the ironworks. The surrounding countryside offers a host of activities, such as walking, horse riding, and cycling.

The former furnaces at Blaenafon Ironworks. Photo: Alan Stanton

Amazing UK World Heritage Sites The United Kingdom is a country with a long and varied history, so it’s no surprise that it has a significant number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

[easytravelpw-blog]

Full text write on https://easy-travel.pw/every-unesco-world-heritage-site-in-the-uk/england/

Every UNESCO World Heritage Site in the UK

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The English Lake District

Granville Harris/LOOP IMAGES/Getty Images

England's newest UNESCO World Heritage Site covers more than 885 square miles of Cumbria in the northwest corner of England, just below the Scottish Border. The region includes more than 50 lakes and mountain tarns as well as England's highest mountain, Scaffell Pike, and three others of more than 3,000 feet.

When the railroads arrived in the area in 1840, the Victorians followed and this became the first part of Britain that saw organized touring and vacation travel.

Unsuited for most kinds of farming, the Lake District became one of England's primary areas for raising sheep. The needs of sheep and sheep farmers, in turn, shaped the landscape. Among those who sought to retain the Lake District's harmonious way of life was children's author Beatrix Potter, who lived, farmed and wrote here. During her lifetime, she bought up thousands of acres of farms and pastures. When she died, she left them, along with a considerable fortune, to the National Trust.

The Lakes and the Lakeland Fells have, over the years, inspired many more authors, from one of the earliest female travel writers and diarists, the intrepid Celia Fiennes in 1698, through a host of Romantic poets—Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey along with their visitors, Shelley, Sir Walter Scott, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Keats, Tennyson and Matthew Arnold.

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The City of Bath

Juan Jimenez / EyeEm/Getty Images

From its 2,000 year old Roman Baths to its Georgian terraces and Pump Room, the entire city of Bath was listed by UNESCO in 1987, one of the earliest world cities to be inscribed on the World Heritage List.

The Roman baths and the temple complex together with the remains of the Roman city, Aquae Sulis, are the most famous and important Roman ruins north of the Alps. They are one of only a small number of Roman bath complexes worldwide actually heated by natural hot springs (the only hot springs in Britain).

The Palladian architecture of the 18th century spa town, developed during the reign of George III, incorporates and preserves the Roman site in their layout and design.

Jane Austen enjoyed the health giving waters of Bath though she didn't think as much of the accompanying social scene and marriage market as did many of her characters. Besides its feast of historic architecture, Bath has great restaurants, top shopping, quirky museums, a lively cultural scene and brand new in the 21st century, a multi-million pound, thermal spa and a new luxury hotel with the hot spring waters actually pumped into guest rooms.

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Blaenavon Industrial Landscape

Matt Cardy / Getty Images

In the 18th and early 19th century, Blaenavon in South Wales was one of the world's largest suppliers of coal and iron manufacture. The iron foundries and the coal mines that originally put Blaenavon on the map still remain.

Blaenavon was inscribed on the list in 2000 in recognition of its demonstration of the dynamic forces that shaped the early industrial revolution. Today, visitors can descend deep into the ground at The Big Pit, Wales National Coal Museum,. This was the last deep working coal mine in the area and when it closed in 1980 it ended and era that began with the Blaenavon Iron Works around 1789. The ironworks are considered the best preserved 18th century example in the world. The existing site includes remains of the late 18th and 19th century furnaces, original casting houses and kilns, workers’ housing, a massive chimney,cast-iron pillars and brackets and a water balace tower that demonstrates early life technology using water to counter-balance loads.

The nearly 13-square-mile site is laced with self-guided walks across a valley loaded with evidence of early settlement and industry.

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Blenheim Palace

Andreas von Einsiedel/Getty Images

The only palace not in Royal hands in England, Blenheim Palace was a gift from Queen Anne to John Churchill, the first Duke of Marlborough and ancestor of Winston Churchill—who was born there. The grant was in recognition of his military victory at the Battle of Blenheim. The 18th century house, built between 1705 and 1722 by John Vanbrugh and Nicholas Hawksmoor, is set in a 2,100 acre park, designed by Capability Brown. Among Brown's achievements are lakes and a fabulous cascade that looks like a natural waterfall but it totally down to Brown's skill and artiface. Wander around the park and you might just spot the current Duke, who still occupies part of the house.

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Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine’s Abbey, and St Martin’s Church

Angel Villalba / Getty Images

Considered the “Mother Church” of the Anglican Communion, Canterbury Cathedral dates it's origins to St. Augustine, sent to convert the Britons more than 1400 years ago. The ruins of St. Augustine's Abbey, just outside the city walls, (which you can explore with VR goggles) date from AD 597. The Cathedral is also where St. Thomas à Becket was martyred after a possibly offhand remark by King Henry II. The King and Becket (who was then Archbishop of Canterbury and had been the King's boyhood friend) argued over whether the King's law took precedence over church law.  Henry was heard to remark, “Will no one rid me of this troublesome priest” and soon armed knights attacked Becket with swords while he knelt in prayer in the Cathedral. The spot is marked by a candle to this day. Chaucer's pilgrims were headed here in The Canterbury Tales.

St Martin's Church, a parish church founded sometime before 597AD,  also included in this World Heritage Site, is the oldest church in continuous use in the English speaking world. 

In addition to the Cathedral and Cathedral Precincts, Canterbury is well located in Kent for visitors to coastal locations such as Whitstable, Chatham and Rochester.

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The Castle and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd

PayPal / Getty Images

If you're a history buff, you'll need to travel around North Wales to see King Edward I's ambitious building program designed to cow the Welsh into recognizing him as their king.

Edward I of England led two military campaigns against the Welsh in the late 13th century. Eventually, he surrounded the North Wales province of Gwynedd with castles. These castles and fortified complexes—Beaumaris, Harlech, Caernarvon and Conwy—designed by his architect James of St. George, are considered the finest examples of 13th and 14th century military architecture in Europe.

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Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape

If you've been following the BBC series Poldark, you'll recognize the characteristic engine house of Poldark's ever struggling tin and copper mine, Wheal Leisure. What you may not know is that in the 18th and 19th century, Cornwall and West Devon dominated the world supply of copper and tin. Copper was in demand to clad the hulls of the British Empire's wooden ships; from Napoleonic times onward, tin demand grew for the canning of food. The technology used in this part of southwest Britain led the world.

Today, this World Heritage Site, inscribed in 2006, is divided among ten different locations within close proximity of each other, protecting engine houses, beam engines, technology, transportation and communities important to this industry between 1700 and 1914.

Several of the mines used as locations in Poldark are within the World Heritage Site and can be visited. They include:

Botallack in St Just

Paths at Wheal Charlotte, Wheal Coates or Trevellas, in the National Trust site at Chapel Porth.

Levant Mine and Beam Engine, St Just.

You can also take an underground guided tour at Poldark Mine, the only complete tin mine in Cornwall open to visitors.

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Derwent Valley Mills

Glen Woodccl

For good or ill, the factory system was born here when entrepreneur Richard Arkwright adapted and enlarged an earlier invention, the spinning jenny, into the water powered “spinning frame” and created an industry. His invention enabled mass production of strong cotton yarn and Britain's cotton textile production on a world conquering scale was born. Arkwright's 18th century model factories created a template that spread around the world. The mill buildings of New England, especially those beside the river in Lowell, Massachusetts, were influenced and inspired by Arkwright's Derwent Valley factories.

Because later development of the factory system moved on to urban settings, several the mills and mill communities here remained relatively unchanged for centuries. 

The valley of the River Derwent lies near the eastern edge of the Peak District National Park in Derbyshire. Among several historic buildings that can be visited at this World Heritage site, Richard Arkwright's original 1783 cotton mill, Masson Mills, is a highlight. The earlier Cromford Mills nearby, built by Arkwright in 1771, was the world's first successfully water powered cotton mill.

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Dorset and East Devon Coast

You've heard of Jurassic Park no doubt, but did you know that England has a real Jurassic Coast? It's 95 miles of the East Devon and Dorset Coast, in Southwest England. About a third of it is owned and protected by the National Trust. It's composed of wild beaches, sheer white cliffs and stunning rock formations. Important (and easily seen) evidence of the history of life on earth—185 million years of it—is included at this site.

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Durham Castle and Cathedral

Julian Elliott Photography/Getty Images

A BBC poll choose Durham Cathedral as Britain's best-loved building. Built in the 11th and 12th centuries to house the relics of St. Cuthbert, evangelizer of Northumbria, and historian The Venerable Bede, it has been in continual use and occupation for 1,000 years.

The castle, behind it on a peninsula, is an ancient Norman fortress that housed the prince-bishops of Durham. Today it is part of Durham University and, amazingly, you can book a room to stay there. But visits to the Castle are by guided tour only, so check their website to book.

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Frontiers of the Roman Empire

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This is a multi-national site that reflects the northernmost extent of the Roman Empire in the 2nd century AD. Part of this UNESCO World Heritage inscription stretches across nothern Germany.  

In the UK, there are two important areas: 

Hadrian's Wall : As the Roman Empire began to crumble, the Romans built a defensive wall, across the North of Britain, from Carlisle to Newcastle-on-Tyne, with further fortresses on the west stretching south along the Solway Firth. Today, remnants of the wall can be found for about 73 miles. Excavations at Vindolanda, a fort and village on Hadrian's Wall, provide a glimpse into the life of a Roman legion at the edge of the empire. Exhibitions include rare letters home and are among the only examples of Roman handwriting in the world. Hadrian's Wall has been inscribed in the world list since 1987.

The Antonine Wall: Twenty years after Hadrian built his wall, in 142 AD, the Emperor Antonius Pius attempted to extend the empire 60 miles further north and built what is now known as the Antonine Wall. Traces of it – some the stone foundations of mile-castles and some little more than ditches or embankments, reach across Scotland from the Firth of Clyde to the Firth of Forth. This evidence of the Roman Frontier was added in 2008.

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Giant’s Causeway and Causeway Coast

Marco Bottigelli/Getty Images

The Giant's Causeway, near Bushmills on the North coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland, isn't man made. Northern Ireland's only UNESCO World Heritage Site may look like a roadway into the North Atlantic but it is one of Ireland's natural phenomena, made of about 40,000 interlocking, hexagonal basalt columns. They are the remnants of an ancient volcanic lava glow, frozen in time—some more than 12 meters high. The tops of the columns form stepping stones, mostly hexagonal (six-sided) but also with four, five, seven and eight sides, leading from the foot of a cliff into the sea. 

The Causeway is just part of the Causeway Coast that also includes the terrifying Carrick-a-Rede rope bridge; Northern Ireland's tallest cliff face; Dunseverick Castle, where a waterfall drops straight into the sea; and the haunted ruins of Bonamargy Friary. 

The visitor's center, opened by the National Trust, brings the science, the history and the great Irish legends and stories associated with the causeway and coast to life.

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The Heart of Neolithic Orkney

Andreas Strauss / LOOK-foto /Getty Images

Visitors to Orkney are immediately struck by the enormous concentration of mysterious prehistoric structures that dot the islands. Some are more than 5,000 years old, predating Stonehenge and the Pyramids by several thousand years. The site includes two very different stone circles, The Standing Stones of Stenness and The Ring of Brodgar. There's also a chambered burial mound called Maeshowe, full of Viking runes from a later period, and a 5,000 year old village, Skara Brae, with a number of un-excavated mounds and sites.

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Ironbridge Gorge

joe daniel price / Getty Images

 A huge number of early industries gathered around this strikingly beautiful river gorge in rural Shropshire in the late 18th century. Soon, contemporaries described it as “the most extraordinary district in the world” and “the birthplace of industry.” With its 18th century furnaces, factories, workshops and canals, and the world's first iron bridge, the site continues to excite visitors.

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Liverpool: Maritime Mercantile City

Jenna Goodwin / EyeEm / Getty Images

Famous, of course, for The Beatles, on a more sober note, Liverpool's early fortunes were made in international trade. Its role in the the slave trade makes it a moving and important place to visit for anyone interested in this aspect of history.

Liverpool is currently on the “List in Danger” because of controversial developments planned nearby.

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Maritime Greenwich

Mukul Banerjee Photography / Getty Images

If you've heard the phrase “Greenwich Mean Time” then you know one of the reasons this ensemble of buildings enclosed in a 17th century park is important. The Royal Observatory engaged in the early astronomical work that made modern navigation possible. Observations by Robert Hooke, and John Flamsteed, the first Astronomer Royal, assured the first accurate measurement of the earth’s movement contributing to accurate global navigation. Today, when you visit the observatory you can straddle 0º longitude and learn about the base-line for the world’s time zone system.

Other buildings on the site include the first Palladian building in Britain, the Queen's House, designed by Inigo Jones; the Royal Hospital (now part of the University of Greenwich), a collection of Baroque buildings designed by Christopher Wren and Nicholas Hawksmoor, and parts of Greenwich town center. The Royal Park, popular with visitors and locals and the site of equestrian events in the 2012 Olympics, was designed by André Le Nôtre in 1660.

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The Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and St Margaret’s Church

Julian Elliott Photography / Getty Images

Westminster Abbey is where English monarchs have been hatched, matched and dispatched for nearly 1,000 years. In other words, it has been the location of coronations, royal weddings and royal funerals (though not often burials) for centuries. King Edward the Confessor spent so much time establishing the Abbey that he neglected to have an heir, opening the door to the Norman Conquest. He's buried in the Abbey and his successor, William the Conqueror was crowned here.

Next to the Abbey, The Palace of Westminster—called the Mother of Parliaments—is a 19th century gothic revival on the footprint of Edward's original palace—some of which remains deep within the building. And nestled between the two and dwarfed by them, St Margaret's Church was created in the Middle Ages to serve the people of Westminster so they wouldn't disturb the Benedictine monks, who then controlled the Abbey, at their prayers.

Together, these three buildings represent nearly about eight centuries of architectural development and the relationship of the monarchy, civil power and the church in forming modern Britain.

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Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal

Joanne Hedger/Getty Images

The virtually unpronounceable (unless you speak Welsh) Pontcysyllte Aqueduct carries the Llangollen Canal across the River Dee at a height of 126 feet. At only 11 feet wide—just about the width of an English narrow boat with inches to spare on either side—this can be a hair-raising 1,007 foot long journey for anyone worried about heights.

The canal, used by thousands of narrow boat enthusiasts every year is 204 years old and recognized by UNESCO in June 2009 as the masterpiece of pioneering 17th and 18th century civil engineer Thomas Telford, one of the modern world's earliest and greatest bridge, road and canal builders.

In 2012, the Olympic Torch was carried across the canal in a narrow boat on its journey around Britain. Volunteers in Victorian dress towed the boat across. But don't worry. If you decide to do a narrow boat tour on the Llangollen Canal, you can hire a motored boat that crosses at a walking pace. Or join a public cruise across, try a horse-drawn narrow boat or even canoe across. But don't look down.

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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

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This 300 acre garden on the western edge of London in Kew ( a village of the Royal Borough of Richmond), claims the “largest and most diverse botanical and mycological collections in the world”. Started as a Royal garden in 1759 on the site of an earlier exotic garden, it became a national institution in 1840.  

The site includes 44 listed buildings including several historic, iron framed glasshouses. The gardens hold more than 30,000 living plants as well as at least seven million preserved specimens. In addition to being a worldwide research center for the study of plants, conservation and ecology, Kew also demonstrates garden artistry and design over more than 250 years. Easy to reach by London Underground or bus from Central London, Kew is wonderful to visit at any time of year.

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Saltaire

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Textile mill owner and philanthropist Sir Titus Salt created Saltaire as a complete community for his workers in the 1850s. The village is named for Salt and for the River Aire, in West Yorkshire near Bradford, on which it is located.

Mills, the employees' housing, the dining room, Congregational Church, almshouses, hospital, school, institute, and a park all still remain and many are still in use. The World Heritage site demonstrates the emerging paternalistic concern of Victorian employers for social welfare, health and education of their workers. It served as a model for the “garden city” movement in Britain, the USA and elsewhere.

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Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites

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No one knows who built Stonehenge, as much as 5,000 years ago, or why they did it, but Britain's most iconic sight has captured the imagination of of visitors for tens of centuries. Nearby Avebury and Silbury Hill are mysteriously spiritual places.

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Studley Royal Park Including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey

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Fountains Abbey and Studley Royal Water Garden together make up one of North Yorkshire's most rewarding visitor attractions. Developed over 800 years, it includes a nearly 900-year-old Cistercian abbey—Britain's largest monastic ruin; an 18th century landscaped garden created by a gifted amateur in the era of such celebrity gardeners as Capability Brown and John Vanbrugh; a Jacobean hall and a Victorian Church.

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The Tower of London

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William the Conqueror followed his conquest of Britain with a frenzy of castle building. The White Tower, at the center of the fortress now known as the Tower of London, was started almost immediately, in 1066. With it, William the Conqueror baldly demonstrated Norman power and created a fortress and gateway to London at a strategic bend in the River Thames.

Today the tower remains a military establishment. It also houses the British Crown Jewels, the Royal Armoury and the world's oldest continuous public exhibitions; The Line of Kings, the world's longest running visitor attraction, opened in 1652. Its display of English Kings in full suits of armor besides full-sized wooden horses was originally created for King Charles II after the Restoration of the Monarchy. It has been on continuous exhibition and popular ever since.

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Design Inspiration For 2010!

Mongar Dzong - The original structure of the dzong was established in the year 1930 to replace the original Shongar dzong. The present dzong was rebuilt in the year 1953. There are statutes of the Buddha of long life, Tsheppamey, Guru Rinpoche and Zhabdrung in the lhakhang. Selecting furniture for your bedroom is as easy job and can be extremely fun-filled. Before you shop, take a mental measure of the size of your bedroom. This helps you better select your furniture so as not to crowd the area. The first thing you need to pick out is your master bed. Once that is done, you will have an idea on what else you need to fill the room. Make sure your bed does not have sharp edges so that you can avoid injuries when moving around the room.

Possibly this site was involved in military activities during the battle between the King of Cumbria and the King of the Saxons in AD 946 and later when the Jacobite rebels came in 1745. One of the most popular of the many Prague tourist attractions is the Sternberg Palace. Again, there's good reason for this: The palace, which was built from 1698 to 1707, is now one of the top art museums in the world. Visitors here can find works from such greats as Pieter Brueghel, Jan Gossaert and Lucas Cranach. London has many traditional sights like the Big Ben, Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, St Paul's Cathedral and the Tower of London. These still retain their positions as most visited place for tourists. Wherever you are in London you will find picturesque, historical buildings everywhere. Enjoy your sightseeing with medieval banqueting halls, great churches of Christopher Wren and the diverse Victorian architecture of the British Empire. There are so many places to see and enjoy that your budget should allow you to spend on sightseeing. So if tiêu chuẩn thiết kế khách sạn don't get a good hotel deal there will be huge dent in your budget. As we continued on Lexington we passed the beautiful Haywood Park Hotel. The hotel is at a small epi-center of Asheville. With quaint shoppes in every building this was a vacationers dream come true. I'm sure those who were on the trolley vacation tour were getting their monies worth. I went to a centralized downtown location to get on the trolley. It was all ready mostly full of people who were from out of town who seemed to be excited about the North Carolina historic trolley tours and what looked like a few people similar to myself who were trying to learn a bit more about their new environment. Naturally I sat next to a couple of people who appeared o be there for the same reason.

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Stopped for an excellent #cuppa @johnwatt_son #britishtea #scottishtea #revived (at Cumbria's Museum of Military Life)

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Carlisle ‘Journey to the East’ exhibition wins National Lottery support

Carlisle ‘Journey to the East’ exhibition wins National Lottery support

Cumbria’s Museum of Military Life in Carlisle Castle were celebrating today after receiving a £10,000 from the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) for an exciting summer exhibition: Journey to the East, A Soldier’s Life in India. Made possible by money raised by National Lottery players, the project focuses on the life of the county’s infantry and their family’s passage to and lives in India from…

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Officers Uniform for the Kendal and Lonsdale Regiment from the British Empire dated to 1810 on display at the Cumbria Museum of Military Life in Carlisle, England

During the Napoleonic Wars the British Empire started raising local home defence units called Fencibles and Yeomanry. They were to be used in case of a French invasion while the main army was occupied in Europe. While home defence was their main responsibility they were also used in violently surpressing riots and protests in early 19th Cenutry Britain and the Empire.

Photographs taken by myself 2023

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Mark II Sten Sub-Machine Gun from the British Empire dated to the 1940's on display at the Cumbria Museum of Military Life in Carlisle, England

The Sten sub-machine gun, or machine carbine as they were refered to in the British army, was created as a result of the loss of weapons during Operation Dynamo and the evacuation of Dunkirk. While the British Empire purchased a large number of Thompson sub-machine guns at the start it was not enough to supply the whole army and so the Royal Small Arms Factory in Enfield produced a much cheaper alternative.

The mark II was the most common variant produced for British and Commonwealth forces not to mention insurgency groups fighting against the fascists.

Photographs taken by myself 2023

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Jungle Uniform of the Border Regiment from the British Empire dated to 1945 on display at the Cumbria Museum of Military Life in Carlisle, England

This uniform was worn by Private Vernon Cook from Glagate, Lancaster during their time in the 9th Battalion of the Border Regiment. The 9th Battalion was part fo the Burma Campaign 1944 - 1945 that pushed the Empire of Japan out of British occupied Burma.

The start of the war in Burma went very poorly for the Allies and many lessons were learnt. One lesson was the uniform as many British army and Commonwealth soldiers wore the Khaki Drill uniform that was useful in the desert campaigns like in North Africa but not so much the jungles of Burma. The more camoflaged green uniform and light weight material proved to be more effective as well as easier to produce as it was made locally.

Photographs taken by myself 2023

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1851 Pattern Minié Rifle from French Empire date to the Mid 19th Century on display at the Cumbria Museum of Military Life in Carlise, England

The Minié rifle is often considered an important infantry rifle of the mid-19th century. A version was adopted in 1849 following the invention of the Minié ball in 1847 by the French Army. The bullet was designed to allow rapid muzzle loading of rifles, and was an innovation that brought about the widespread use of the rifle as the main battlefield weapon for individual soldiers.

The British army adopted the weapon from 1851 to 1855 until it was replaced by the Enfield Rifle Musket. The weapon was bought with the idea that they could use the older round bullets in they ran out of Minié balls. However the rifle could only fire around 12 of these older bullets until it severely damaged the rifle.

Photographs taken by myself 2023

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Chindit Kukri from the British Empire dated to the 1940's on display at the Cumbria Museum of Military Life in Carlisle, England

This kukri was carried by Lieutenant-Colonel Johnny Burgess who commanded the 34 Chindit Column 4th Battalion during the Burma Campaign. This was traditionally a Gurkha weapon but many British troops used them for jungle warfare during both the First and Second World Wars.

The Chindits often used them as many of them were from the Gurkha regiments. They were special operations units for the British and Indian armies during the Second World War that raided behind the Japanese Imperial lines. There is still some controversy behind how effective they were as long marches through malaria infested swamps, dangerous jungles and some early failures led to a high casualty rate.

Photographs taken by myself 2023

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Beaumont Adams Percussion Revolver from the British Empire dated around 1862 on display at the Cumbria Museum of Military Life in Carlisle, England

During the 1850's there was an intense competition between the gunsmiths of Robert Adams of London and Colt's Manufacturing Company in the US. The Adams style was popular with the British army officers in the Crimea War, and in supressing uprisings in the British colonies, for their self cocking action and stopping power over the less powerful Colt Navy Revolvers.

In 1856 Lieutenant Frederick Beaumont of the Royal Engineers was granted a patent to improve upon the Adams design and the Beaumont Adams revolver was the product of that work. It could be adapted to suit different bullets so it became popular with different armies as they could adapt it to their ammunition. The design was so popular that Colt had to shut down their factory in London due to a loss in sales. Before the start of the US Civil War the Union army purchased around 20,000.

Photographs taken by myself 2023

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Luger Automatic Pistol from the German Empire dated to 1916 on display at the Cumbria Museum of Military Life in Carlisle, England

The Luger was not common in the Imperial German army at the start of the First World War with it being used by pilots mainly. However with the rise of assault tactics and stormtroopers in the war the luger became more popular. This was due to the addition of drum magazines, longer barrels and stocks that could be fitted making it a good weapon in close combat and trench fighting. This would lead to the development of submachine guns like the MP 18 introduced at the end of the war in 1918.

Photographs taken by myself 2023

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1853 Pattern Enfield Rifled Musket from the British Empire dated to the Mid 19th Century on display at the Cumbria Museum of Military Life in Carlisle, England

The 1853 pattern was the main British army rifle from 1855 to 1867 when it was replaced by the Snider breech loading conversion. The rifle proved effective during the Crimean War when the British Empire was moving away from smoothbore muskets to rifled weapons. The regiments using these rifles during the Crimean War showed how deadly they could be and so by 1855 they were issued to all British army regiments.

The rifle was issued to Indian troops under British rule in 1856 and due to the use of pig fat and beef fat in the cartridges became part of the growing unrest that would lead to the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

The rifle gave the British Empire a distinct advantage at suppressing revolts in the colonies as people rose up against them. This would be the case in India, New Zealand and other smaller colonial wars.

Photographs taken by myself 2023